精品解析：上海市卢湾高级中学2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题

2024学年第一学期10月阶段性反馈 高一英语 I. Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a gift shop. B. At a graduation ceremony. C. In the office of a travel agency. D. In a school library. 2. A. At 8:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 10:00. D. At 6:00. 3. A. A shop assistant. B. A greengrocer. C. A nurse. D. A waiter. 4. A. She has completed her project. B. The man should have met her last night. C. She needs some help to finish the project. D. The man should not touch the project until it is finished. 5. A. He did not attend today’s classes. B. He is very pleased to be able to help. C. The woman should comment on his handwriting. D. The woman cannot figure out what is in his notes. 6. A. She got a pay raise last year. B. She doesn’t need a pay raise. C. She hasn’t received a pay raise. D. She will give the man a pay raise. 7. A. She prefers to stay indoors in the summer. B. She doesn’t agree with the man. C. Too much rain can be unpleasant. D. The weather is supposed to get even wetter. 8. A. The man can forward the mail to her. B. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. C. She can call Mary to tell her about the mail. D. She would like to keep in touch with Sally. 9. A. The professor might give an exam in class. B. They might not finish their oral presentations. C. The man might not be able to leave campus early. D. This week’s class might be longer than expected. 10 A. The boss will probably fire the woman. B. The boss may forgive the woman’s lateness. C. The boss won’t know the woman is late. D. The boss is often late for work. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. What Bigfoot is like. B. Whether Bigfoot exists. C. Where Bigfoot actually lives. D. Who first discovered Bigfoot. 12. A. A large man. B. An animal suit. C. A high mountain. D. A man-made fastener. 13. A. The creature in the film doesn’t move like a human. B. The researchers themselves have made up the film. C. Nothing is really identifiable in the film. D. The film is too old to see clearly. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. An old street. B. His childhood. C. His hometown. D. An interesting souvenir 15. A. It is now the trade centre of Malaysia. B. It looks similar to what it used to be like. C. Its harbour is visited by 2,000 ships each year. D. Its riverside warehouses are filled with spices and silks. 16. A. They are well worth visiting. B. You’d better not explore them on foot. C. You can find many good bargains there. D. They divide the city centre into two parts. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Anew museum. B. A famous photographer. C. Photography in the 1800s. D. Equipment used in the 1800s. 18. A. A person’s appearance B. A person’s social status. C. A person’s personality. D. A person’s role in history. 19. A. Making images look bright. B. Showing images in different colours. C. Showing images in black and white. D. Making images look unclear. 20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes. C. Well-known people. D. Landscapes. II. Grammar & Vocabulary (15%) Section A (5%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. He will have learned English for twelve years by the time he ________ from high school next year. A. graduates B. will graduate C. has graduated D. will have graduated 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到明年高中毕业时，他已经学了12年英语了。主将从现的用法比较常见，常用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。这种情况下，如果主句是一般将来时/将来完成时，从句用一般现在时替代将来。此处是by the time引导的时间状语从句。故选A。 2. Sometimes he ________ sufficient time to read all the responses properly. A. lacking B. lacked of C. lacked D. was lack of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和搭配。句意：有时他没有足够的时间去充分阅读所有的回答。根据句型结构，缺少的动作已经发生，所以使用动词过去式，lack是及物动词，可直接加名词，不需要介词of或其他搭配。故选C。 3. I’m afraid there’s no more bread. We ________ it all last night. A. were eating B. ate C. have eaten D. had eaten 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕没有面包了。我们昨晚把它吃光了。结合时间状语last night，应用一般过去时态，故选B。 4. I ________ back for the house to change my clothes when I heard voices downstairs. A. was just starting B. just started C. have just started D. had just been starting 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：我正准备回家换衣服，突然听到楼下有声音。本句为固定句型“be doing...when”正要做某事……正在那时……。故选A项。 5. My neighbor still cut down their beautiful cherry tree as they said it ________ out the sun. A. has blocked B. had been blocking C. has been blocking D. blocks 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我的邻居仍然砍倒了他们美丽的樱桃树，因为他们说它挡住了阳光。根据cut down可知，“砍伐”表示过去发生的事情，“阻挡”表示过去的过去发生的动作，对过去产生的影响，其动作一直在发生，因此应用过去完成进行时。故选B项。 6. In recent years, the Everest Summit ______ many climbers trapped in the death zone above 8, 000 metres, unable to move freely and dying from lack of oxygen. A. witnessed B. was witnessed C. has witnessed D. has been witnessed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：近年来，珠穆朗玛峰峰顶见证了许多登山者被困在8000米以上的死亡地带，无法自由行动，最终死于缺氧。根据时间状语In recent years，谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语为the Everest Summit，故助动词为has。设空处应用has witnessed，作谓语。故填has witnessed。故选C项。 7. It was not ______ the mid-1980s, when emphasizing gender differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem attractive to girls. A. because B. while C. unless D. until 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：直到20世纪80年代中期，强调性别差异成为主导的儿童营销策略，粉红色才完全进入自己的领域，开始吸引女孩。A. because因为；B. while在……期间，然而；C. unless除非；D. until直到。not…until…“直到……才”是固定句型，本句为强调句，强调部分为not until引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。 8. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the new words and phrases he learned. A. wrote B. was writing C. was written D. were written 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致以及语态。句意：他有一个小笔记本，上面写着他所学的生词和短语。分析句子可知，设空是介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中的主语the new words and phrases 与write是被动关系，主语为复数，故选were written。故选D。 9. He invited me to have the next dance. I said that it was at least ten years since I ________ a social dance. A. had danced B. was dancing C. danced D. had been dancing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他邀请我跳下一支舞。我说我至少有十年没跳过交际舞了。结合主句it was at least ten years since…表示过去某一动作距现在已过去一段时间，这里用过去完成时态had danced来表示在过去某个时刻之前已发生的动作。故选A项。 10. Huawei was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, and its influence ________ enormously ever since. A. is increased B. increased C. has increased D. had increased 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：华为由任正非于1987年创立，从那时起就产生了巨大的影响。根据句中的时间状语“ever since”可知，此处表示从1987年到现在的变化过程，应用现在完成时态，故选C。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need. A. academic B. anxiety C. common D. concentrate E. ensure F. impact G. interact H. ordinary I. role J. companions K. breeds Dogs Helping Stressed Out Students Some people say that dogs are man’s best friend — good ___11___, loyal and loveable. Of course, they can be more than just a pet as certain ___12___ are excellent working dogs too. We know about the amazing help that guide dogs give to blind people and, more recently, a new ___13___ has been found for the animals — working as therapy dogs in universities. Research by Washington State University in the US, has found spending time with a dog can help stressed out students. Patricia Pendry from the university told the BBC that a study of 300 undergraduates had found weekly hour-long sessions with dogs brought to the university by professional dog trainers had made stressed students at high risk of ___14___ failure or dropping out feel relaxed and accepted. The dogs helped them to ___15___, learn and remember information. I know that touching a dog gently helps me to relax; other research has shown that petting animals can reduce stress hormone levels and ___16___, so it makes sense to introduce them into an environment where people are stressed. Sean Coughlan from BBC writes that around 1,000 campuses in the US already use therapy pets and it’s becoming more ___17___ in the UK. For example, The University of Middlesex has employed “canine (犬的) teaching assistants” to help stop lonely students dropping out. Fiona Slithers, head of clinical skills at the university, says that five Labradors (拉布拉多) had a “strict assessment” to ___18___ they had the right temperament (脾气). But she adds “it’s hard to describe the ___19___ of just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class.” Using dogs for therapy can also help the dogs themselves. In Wales, Swansea University Students’ Union has used rescued greyhounds (灵缇犬) to help students between exams. Sessions allow mistreated and abandoned dogs to ____20____ with humans and begin to trust them again. 【答案】11. J 12. K 13. I 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狗在大学中作为治疗犬帮助压力大的学生缓解焦虑、集中注意力和提升学习效果，同时也帮助了一些被救的狗重新建立与人的信任。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：有人说狗是人类最好的朋友——好伙伴，忠诚又可爱。空处被good修饰，对best friend作补充说明，J项companions“伙伴”符合题意，表示狗是人类的好伙伴。故选J。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：当然，它们不仅仅是宠物，因为某些品种的狗也是优秀的工作犬。空处作as引导的从句的主语，被certain修饰，结合“excellent working dogs”可推知，K项breeds“品种”符合题意，表示某些品种的狗也是优秀的工作犬。故选K。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们知道导盲犬给盲人带来了惊人的帮助，最近，它们又被赋予了一个新的角色——在大学里充当治疗犬。空处作主语，被a new修饰，结合“working as therapy dogs in universities”可推知，I项role“角色”符合题意，表示它们又被赋予了一个新的角色。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该大学Patricia Pendry里告诉英国广播公司，一项针对300名本科生的研究发现，每周与专业训狗师带到学校的狗狗进行一小时的训练，能让学业失败或退学风险很高的压力学生感到放松和被接受。空处作修饰failure的定语，结合“stressed students at high risk of”可推知，A项academic“学业”符合题意，表示学业失败或退学风险很高的压力学生。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：狗帮助他们集中注意力、学习和记忆信息。此处用短语help sb. to do表示“帮助某人做某事”，空处应用动词原形，结合“learn and remember information”可推知，D项concentrate“集中注意力”符合题意，表示帮助他们集中注意力、学习和记忆信息。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我知道温柔地抚摸狗狗能让我放松；其他研究表明，抚摸动物可以减少压力激素水平和焦虑，所以把它们引入一个人们有压力的环境是有道理的。空处作reduce的宾语，结合“stress hormone levels”可推知，B项anxiety“焦虑”符合题意，表示减少压力激素水平和焦虑。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英国广播公司的Sean Coughlan写道，美国大约有1000所大学已经在使用治疗宠物，这在英国也越来越普遍。空处和more构成比较级，作表语，应用形容词原形，结合“around 1,000 campuses in the US already use therapy pets”可推知，C项common“普遍的”符合题意，表示这在英国也越来越普遍。故选C。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：该大学临床技能主管Fiona Slithers表示，五只拉布拉多犬经过了“严格的评估”，以确保它们具有合适的性情。空处和to构成不定式，作目的状语，应用动词原形，结合“had a “strict assessment””可推知，E项ensure“确保”符合题意，表示经过了“严格的评估”以确保它们具有合适的性情。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：但她补充说：“很难描述让一只狗躺在教室角落的影响。”空处作describe的宾语，结合“of just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class”可推知，F项impact“影响”符合题意，表示让一只狗躺在教室角落的影响。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：疗程允许被虐待和被遗弃的狗与人类互动，并开始重新信任他们。此处用短语allow sb./sth. to do表示“允许某人/某物做某事”，空处应用动词原形，结合“with human”可推知，G项interact“互动”符合题意，短语interact with意为“与……沟通”，表示与人类互动。故选G。 II. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast ___21___ places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a ___22___. The word geography comes from two Greek ___23___, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”. The English word geography ___24___ “to describe the earth.” Some geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an ___25___ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole ___26___. Another way to ___27___ the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former ___28___ on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and ___29___ how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, _____30_____ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be _____31_____ as one who observes, records, and explains the _____32_____ between places. If all places were _____33_____, there would be little need for geographers. We know, _____34_____ that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a _____35_____ way of looking at places. 21. A. similar B. various C. distant D. famous 22. A. whole B. unit C. part D. ball 23. A. persons B. words C. places D. names 24. A. is B. has C. intends D. means 25. A. extensive B. entire C. overall D. enormous 26. A. city B. state C. nation D. earth 27. A. continue B. begin C. divide D. complete 28. A. relies B. holds C. focuses D. calls 29. A. learns B. studies C. realizes D. understands 30. A. neither B. either C. one D. each 31. A. treated B. described C. called D. employed 32. A. exceptions B. sameness C. differences D. divisions 33. A. important B. different C. alike D. unknown 34. A. therefore B. thus C. moreover D. however 35. A. special B. right C. wrong D. regular 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地理学的定义和研究范围。地理学是研究人与土地之间关系的学科，涉及对地球各地的比较与分析。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地理学家比较和对比地球上的不同地方。A. similar相似的；B. various不同的；C. distant遥远的；D. famous有名的。根据下文“But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a ___2___.”提到他们也超越了个别的地方，由此可知，此处应表示地理学家比较和对比地球上的不同地方。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们也超越了个别的地方，把地球作为一个整体来考虑。A. whole整体；B. unit单元；C. part部分；D. ball球。根据上文“But they also go beyond the individual places”提到他们也超越了个别的地方，由此可推知，此处应表示把地球作为一个整体来考虑。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“地理”一词来自两个希腊单词：“ge”和“graphein”。“ge”是“地球”的意思，“graphein”是“书写”的意思。A. persons人；B. words单词；C. places地方；D. names名字。根据下文“ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”.”分别提到两个单词ge和graphein，由此可知，此处应表示“地理”一词来自两个希腊单词。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：英语单词geography的意思是“描述地球”。A. is是；B. has有；C. intends打算；D. means意思是。根据句意以及下文““to describe the earth.””由此可知，此处应表示英语单词geography的意思是“描述地球”。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一些则涉及一个州、一个地区、一个民族或整个大陆。A. extensive广泛的；B. entire整个的；C. overall全部的；D. enormous巨大的。根据句意以及上文“Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an…”由此可知，此处应表示另一些则涉及一个州、一个地区、一个民族或整个大陆。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多地理书涉及整个地球。A. city城市；B. state州；C. nation国家；D. earth地球。根据上文““to describe the earth.””由此可知，此处应表示许多地理书涉及整个地球。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种划分地理研究的方法是区分自然地理和文化地理。A. continue继续；B. begin开始；C. divide划分；D. complete完成。根据下文“…to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.”提到区分自然地理和文化地理。由此可知，此处应表示另一种划分地理研究的方法是区分自然地理和文化地理。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析、句意：前者关注自然世界；后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。A. relies依靠；B. holds握着，持有；C. focuses关注；D. calls打电话。根据下文“the latter starts with human beings”提到后者从人类出发，由此可知，此处应表示前者关注自然世界。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者关注自然世界；后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。A. learns学习；B. studies研究；C. realizes意识到；D. understands理解。根据句意以及下文“how human beings and their environment act upon each other”由此可知，此处应表示后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：但是，当地理被视为一门单独的学科时，任何一个分支都不能忽视另一个分支。A. neither两者都不；B. either（两者之中）任意一个；C. one一个； D. each每一个。根据上文“when geography is considered as a single subject”以及下文“branch can neglect the other”由此可知，此处应表示当地理被视为一门单独的学科时，任何一个分支都不能忽视另一个分支。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。A. treated对待；B. described描述；C. called称作；D. employed雇佣。根据下文“…as one who observes, records, and explains”由此可知，此处应表示地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。A. exceptions期待；B. sameness相同；C. differences差异；D. divisions分歧。根据下文“between places”以及下一句“If all places were ___13___ there would be little need for geographers.”由此可知，此处应表示地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了。A. important重要的；B. different不同的；C. alike相似的；D. unknown未知的。根据上文提到的地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。以及下文“there would be little need for geographers.”由此可知，此处应表示如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们知道没有两个地方是完全相同的。A. therefore因此；B. thus因此；C. moreover此外；D. however然而。根据上文提到的如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了，以及下文“that no two places are exactly the same”由此可知，上下文形成转折关系。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地理学是一种观点，一种观察地方的特殊方式。A. special 特殊的；B. right正确的；C. wrong错误的；D. regular有规律的。根据上下文语境以及下文“…way of looking at places”由此可知，此处应表示地理学是一种观点，一种观察地方的特殊方式。故选A项。 Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A My son, Toby,17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19. He is the first in our household to test positive, and all the information provided for people in this situation is designed for adults who are (or should be) concerned about protecting their families. Toby, obviously, cannot comprehend such advice. He cannot keep a distance from everybody else, or eat and wash in a separate room. We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation. Indeed. Not much we can do. So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVED-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. Not much we can do. My first reaction, after absorbing his diagnosis (诊断) , was to cook sausages. I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. Yes, it may now be inevitable that we’re going to contract the very virus we’ve spent a year avoiding, but as long as we don’t contract it at the same time, then, hopefully, one or other of us will be available to look after our kids (thus answering my five-year-old’s most pressing concern: “...but who will make the pudding?”). So, to minimise asymptomatic transmission, we’ve opened all the windows. And we’ve decided to wear face coverings whenever we are with Toby. This decision has been insignificant to him -- I imagine he literally cannot remember life before masks—but for me, it’s distressing. I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected. That it’s no longer a safe space. And so it was, when I sat down to write this column, that I ended up writing about COVID, which is probably the last thing you wanted to read. Sorry about that. COVID has coloured my thoughts today, even though I know that my wife and children will be fine, and that really we should just be grateful we haven’t passed it on to my grandmother. I predict there will be more sausages in the morning. 36. By repeating the sentence “Not much we can do” in paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________. A. he feels annoyed B. he is really helpless C. he wants professional support D. he needs to keep a distance from Toby 37. According to the writer, what did sausages bring to him? A. Sadness. B. Appetite. C. Concern. D. Relief. 38. Why did wearing masks at home cause distress to the writer? A. It discourages him from writing about COVID. B. It lets him remember the days before COVID-19. C. It is a reminder of what is happening to his family. D. It makes him feel at a loss for how to help his son. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The diagnosis leaves the writer’s family in a tough spot. B. The writer is sure that his other kids won’t contract the virus. C. Being infected with COVID-19 makes Toby in a bad mood. D. Sausages have long been considered by many to be comfort food 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者17个月的儿子确诊新冠后，令他们的生活变得非常糟糕。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话“We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation.(我们拨打了911，与我们交谈的医生同意官方指导并不适用于我们的情况)”以及第二段第三、四句话“So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVID-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. (所以，现在我们被困在四壁之内，身边有一个感染了新冠肺炎的婴儿，他继续爬到我们身上，口水躺到我们脸上，爱我们，拥抱我们。我们和大儿子现在感染新冠肺炎似乎是不可避免的)”可知，作者17个月的儿子确诊新冠后，由于孩子太小，他们没有办法和他保持安全的距离，家人无可避免地会被感染，所以“Not much we can do”这句话表明作者感到非常的无助。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. (我甚至都不知道这是我选择的安慰食品。也许下午的危机会引起不同的烹饪欲望？总之，饱腹有助于我进行评估)”可推知，作者选择烤香肠是一种安慰性食物，可以缓解他现在紧张的情绪。所以香肠带给他带来了宽慰。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected, That it’s no longer a safe space.(当然，我已经习惯了在超市和咖啡店戴口罩，但实际上，在自己的房子里半遮着脸四处走动是另一回事——这告诉我，我的家已经感染了病毒，不再是一个安全的地方)”可知，在家戴口罩让作者烦恼的原因是，这提醒了他的家人正在发生什么。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“My son, Toby, 17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19.(我17个月大的儿子托比刚刚检测出新冠肺炎呈阳性)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者的17个月大的儿子确诊新冠后，他们家的生活变得非常糟糕。所以从这篇文章中可以得出“这一诊断使作者的家人陷入困境”这个结论。故选A。 B Experiment with Our Food Want to cook up a delicious meal? It’s not just about the food. We chat to psychologist Prof. Charles Spence about the strange science of gastrophysics. What exactly is gastrophystcs? It’s a combination of ‘gastronomy (美食学)’ and ‘psychophysics’, which involves the scientific study of how our experience of food and drink is affected by our senses and our surroundings, not just the food itself. It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketeers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians. So what kinds of things can affect our sense of taste? Pretty much everything! From the colour and shape of the plates to the weight and material of the cutlery (餐具), through to the shape of the table and the feel of the chair you’re sitting on. Then there’s the number of people you’re with, the mood you’re in, the lighting and background music in the restaurant, and memories associated with the food. When you put all these factors together, it adds up a lot. What’s the most surprising way in which our taste can be influenced? It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food. You can add as much as 15 per cent extra sweetness, sourness, or bitterness to a food simply by playing the right sort of music. We’ve created music to enhance sweetness and bitterness, and we also have music for sour, and spicy foods. Working with the Michelin-starred chocolatier Dominique Persoone in Belgium, we even showed that if we played ‘creamy’ music in his stores we could add extra creaminess to his chocolate. Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food. What’s the most innovative use of gastrophysics you’ve seen? There’s a lot happening in the world of cutlery design. Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant The Fat Duck is currently serving a dish called Counting Sheep, which comes with a fluffy (毛茸茸的), weighted spoon that smells of baby powder, designed to enhance the eating experience. We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality. 40. Which of the following statements is true of gastrophysics? A. It covers different subjects. B. It neglects food to some extent. C. It has been in existence for long. D. It is created by a psychophysicist. 41. According to Charles Spence, how can sonic seasoning be used to do good to our health? A. Helping us to be more resistant to the temptation to eat unhealthy food. B. Playing some music to make us feel our food is sweeter than It really is. C. Making experiments with mice to find out what food benefits our health. D. Training human brains to associate certain sounds with a particular flavour. 42. Which of the following examples best illustrates the use of gastrophysics? A. A restaurant hires a psychologist to design its layout. B. A restaurant varies the sweetness of its food. C. A restaurant uses heavier plates to serve food. D. A restaurant asks its customers for suggestions. 【答案】40. A 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一门被称为“gastrophysics”的新兴学科，即美食物理学，通过研究心理学与物理学如何影响味觉体验。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketeers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians.”（这是一个很小但不断发展的研究领域，汇集了心理学家、神经科学家、市场营销者、厨师、产品设计师，甚至音乐家）可知，“gastrophysics”覆盖了不同的学科，A项正确。故选A项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food.”（这是“声音调味”的概念，即用声音来改变食物的味道。）和第五段“Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food.”（神经科学家已经在老鼠的大脑中发现了嗅觉和听觉之间的直接联系，所以这可能也发生在人类身上。声波调味料已经被用于高级餐厅的菜肴，但我们也可以看到它被用于有益健康，例如，播放“甜蜜”的音乐，这样我们就可以对食物中的糖分减少感到满意。）可知，根据查尔斯·斯宾塞的说法，声波调味帮助我们抵御不健康食品的诱惑。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality.”（我们发现，用较重的餐具吃起来味道更好——可能是因为我们把重量和质量联系在一起。）可知，使用较重的餐具可以改善食物的口味，这是gastrophysics的应用实例，故选C。 C If you watch wolves, it’s hard to escape the conclusion that perhaps no two species are more alike behaviorally than wolves and humans. We can easily recognize the social structures in wolf packs. No wonder human males often face pressure to measure up as “alpha” males — to “wolf up,” as it were. The term alpha male implies a man who at every moment demonstrates that he’s in control in the home and who away from home can become aggressive. This alpha male stereotype (固定印象) comes from a misunderstanding of the real thing. “The main characteristic of an alpha male wolf,” the wolf researcher Rick McIntyre told me as we were watching gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park, “is a quiet confidence, quiet self-assurance.” The point is, alpha males are not aggressive. There is an evolutionary logic to it. “Imagine two wolf packs, or two human tribes,” McIntyre said. “Which is more likely to survive and reproduce: the one whose members are more cooperative, more sharing, less violent with one another, or the group whose members are beating each other up and competing with one another?” McIntyre has spent 20 years watching and studying wolves in Yellowstone for the National Park Service. He rises early, uses radio telemetry to locate a pack through a radio-collared pack member, then heads out with his spotting scope to observe the animals, keeping careful notes of their activities. In all that time, he has rarely seen an alpha male act aggressively toward the pack’s other members. This does not mean that alpha males are not tough when they need to be. One famous wolf in Yellowstone whose radio collar number, 21, became his name, was considered a “super wolf” by the people who closely observed the arc of his life. He was fierce in defense of family and apparently never lost a fight with a rival pack. Yet within his own pack, one of his favorite things was to wrestle with little wolves and to pretend to lose. One year, a pup was a bit sickly. The other pups seemed to be afraid of him and wouldn’t play with him. Once, after delivering food for the small pups, 21 stood looking around for something. Soon he started wagging his tail. He’d been looking for the sickly little pup, and he went over just-to hang out with him for a while. Of all McIntyre’s stories about the super wolf, that’s his favorite. Strength impresses us. But kindness is what we remember best. 43. What do people usually think of “alpha males”? A. They are the group of wolves that resemble humans most. B. They are dominant not only at home but also away from home. C. They are fond of fighting against pressure from opponents. D. They are a necessary part of humans’ social structures. 44. McIntyre is quoted in paragraph 5 in order to ________. A. show alpha male wolves’ characteristic helps their packs survive B. prove cooperative wolves are more likely to be alpha male wolves C. stress that being willing to share is what wolves have in common D. illustrate that an alpha male wolf is born to be tough and aggressive 45. After a wolf pack gets a prey (猎物), what will an alpha male wolf most likely do? A. Compete with other pack members. B. Keep it in a place unknown to his pack. C. Wait until his pack has eaten and is full. D. Make sure that no pack member eats it alone. 46. It is 21’s ________ that will leave McIntyre and the writer a lasting impression. A. attack B. defense C. strength D. kindness 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过狼与人的对比指出，大男子主义不是大喊大叫，随时充满侵略性。相反，一个真正的大男子主义很少大喊大叫，他拥有安静的自信，以身作则，忠诚而有奉献精神，保护家人，尊重女性，积极承担责任。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“No wonder human males often face pressure to measure up as “alpha” males — to “wolf up,” as it were. The term alpha male implies a man who at every moment demonstrates that he’s in control in the home and who away from home can become aggressive.”（难怪人类男性经常面临压力，要达到“阿尔法”男性的标准——就像“狼一样”。“阿尔法男性”一词意味着这样的男人，他每时每刻都表现出他在家里是当家作主，而离开家后却会变得咄咄逼人。）可知，公众通常认为“阿尔法男性”是无论在家中还是在外都表现出控制能力和攻击性的男性。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段““Imagine two wolf packs, or two human tribes,” McIntyre said. “Which is more likely to survive and reproduce: the one whose members are more cooperative, more sharing, less violent with one another, or the group whose members are beating each other up and competing with one another?””（“想象一下两个狼群，或者两个人类部落，”McIntyre说。“哪个更有可能生存和繁殖：一个成员更合作、更分享、彼此之间更少暴力的群体，还是一个成员相互殴打、相互竞争的群体？”）可知，引用McIntyre的话是为了说明阿尔法雄狼的特征（合作、分享、少暴力行为）帮助它们的群体生存，故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One year, a pup was a bit sickly. The other pups seemed to be afraid of him and wouldn’t play with him. Once, after delivering food for the small pups, 21 stood looking around for something. Soon he started wagging his tail. He’d been looking for the sickly little pup, and he went over just-to hang out with him for a while.”（有一年，一只狼幼崽有点生病。其他幼崽似乎很害怕他，不愿和他一起玩。有一次，在给小狼崽们送完食物后，21站在那里四处寻找东西。不久，它开始摇尾巴。他一直在找那只生病的小狼，他过来只是想和它呆一会儿。）和最后一段“But kindness is what we remember best.”（但善良是我们最难忘的。）可知，狼群得到猎物后，领头的公狼最有可能等到狼群吃饱后再进食。故选C。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But kindness is what we remember best.”（但善良是我们最难忘的。）可知，正是21的善良给McIntyre和作者留下了持久的印象。故选D项。 Section C (8%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Keep Your Digital Memories Safe? Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognise its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either isn’t aware or doesn’t think that all of it could be destroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with it. ___47___ Here are the steps: 1. Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick and drag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later. You should do more than this, but it’s most important to take the most valuable, irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guard against hard drive failure, theft or loss. 2. Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are: How replaceable is this data? How good are you at assessing the value of items? ___48___ For things like business accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thing should be your first priority. 3. Start making backups. ___49___ Diminishing returns (效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it. 4. ___50___ If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically. A. Keep an eye on your storage media. B. Organisation makes it easy to find your stuff later. C. Write down where you have important files. D. Would you care if this was deleted tomorrow? E. Remember something is better than nothing. F. Preserve your digital memories now, before it’s too late. 【答案】47. F 48. D 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们不珍惜数字存储器造成损失，及保证数字存储器安全的四个步骤。 【47题详解】 由上文“Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognise its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either isn’t aware or doesn’t think that all of it could be destroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with it.”（你重视你的数码产品吗？几乎每个人都在用电脑创造东西，有些人这样做根本不考虑它的价值。另一些人认识到它的当前价值，但很少考虑它在未来对他们意味着什么，要么没有意识到，要么不认为所有这些东西明天都可能被摧毁。但是硬盘总是会坏掉，人们花费时间的在线服务以惊人的规律性关闭，带走了数百万人的工作。）可知，这里主要讲硬盘消亡带来的后果。而F项Preserve your digital memories now, before it’s too late.(现在就保存你的数字记忆，以免为时已晚。)符合语境，就上面的问题提出要保护数字记忆，有承上作用，也可引出下文具体保护的步骤，有启下作用。故选F项。 【48题详解】 由上文“Some questions to ask yourself are: How replaceable is this data? How good are you at assessing the value of items?(要问自己的一些问题是：这些数据有多大的可替代性？你评估物品价值的能力有多强？)”可知，这里主要讲要评估要储存数据的价值，而D项Would you care if this was deleted tomorrow?(你介意明天删除吗？)符合语境，与上面两个问题为并列关系，所以有承上作用。故选D项。 【49题详解】 由下文“The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. (最便宜、最简单的备份方法可以解决绝大多数可能丢失的东西。)”可知，这里主要讲先备份绝大多数可能丢失的东西，而E项Remember something is better than nothing.(记住，有胜于无)符合语境，讲明了备份了至少比没有备份要好。故选E项。 【50题详解】 由下文“If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.(如果您的某个备份驱动器发生故障，请立即更换。请记住，所有存储设备最终都会过时。如果你在过时的媒体上有有有价值的文件，那么这些文件每年都变得越来越难以访问。因此，为了保持您的文件可访问性，请记住定期将您的收藏迁移到新的存储介质。)”可知，这里主要讲要定期将你的收藏迁移到新的存储介质。而A项Keep an eye on your storage media.(请留意你的存储介质。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中storage media与下文对应。故选A项。 Section A (3%) Directions: Complete the sentences with words related to those given in the brackets. 51. The ________ (create) of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】creation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：建立一个高效和可持续的运输系统至关重要。根据句意和所给句子可知，此处使用名词creation作主语。故填creation。 52. Moreover, my ________ (short) of knowledge of foreign languages even held me back. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】shortage 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，我的外语知识的不足甚至阻碍了我。空处作主语，short的名词形式shortage“不足，缺少”符合题意。故填shortage。 53. It’s definitely wrong to take advantage of others’ ________ (ignore) to reach your expected goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ignorance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：利用他人的无知来达到你预期的目标是绝对错误的。可知此处应填入名词形式作介词of的宾语。ignore为动词，其名词形式是ignorance，意为“无知”。故填ignorance。 Section B (6%) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the expressions from the box in their proper forms. Note that there is one word more than you need. hand in turn out hold (...) back relate (...) to... concentrate on make sure comment on 54. It ________________ that the giant creature was a huge fish, eight feet in length, rather than an alien monster 55. The Prime Minister of Japan ________________ his resignation (辞呈) early this month for health reasons. 56. Since pay increases ________________ productivity, the workers have improved their working efficiency. 57. Some Internet companies are worried that concerns about privacy could ________________ the growth of cloud computing. 58. Young children have a limited attention span and are unable ________________ one activity for very long. 59. ________________ you understand exactly how to take your medicines before you leave the drug store. 【答案】54. turned out 55. handed in  56. were related to 57. hold back 58 to concentrate on 59. Make sure 【解析】 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：原来，这个巨大的生物是一条八英尺长的大鱼，而不是外星怪物。分析句子可知，此空可填动词短语作谓语， turn out 表“结果是”，符合句意，且这里时态应与后文保持一致用一般过去时。故填turned out。 【55题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：日本首相本月初因健康原因递交了辞呈。分析句子可知，此空可填动词短语作谓语， hand in表“递交”，符合句意，且由early this month可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填handed in。 【56题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：因为加薪与生产力有关，工人们提高了工作效率。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，relate (...) to... ，表“把……联系起来”，且主语pay increases与relate为被动关系，再由since可知，since构成的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句中应用一般过去时。故填were related to。 【57题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一些互联网公司担心，对隐私的担忧可能会阻碍云计算的发展。分析句子可知，此空可填动词短语作谓语，hold back，表“阻止”，符合句意，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填hold back。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：幼儿的注意力持续时间有限，无法长时间专注于一项活动。分析句子可知，此空可填动词短语，concentrate on，表“专心于”，符合句意，且这里考查be unable to do, 表“不能做某事”，为固定搭配，所以这里应填不定式。故填to concentrate on。 【59题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在离开药店之前，确保你确切地了解如何服药。分析句子可知，此空可填动词短语构成祈使句，make sure，表“确保”，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Make sure。 Section C (3%+4%+4%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 60. 看来他们家发生了出人意料的事情。(happen) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Something unexpected seemed to have happened to their family. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词、动词不定式以及动词短语。结合句意，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“出人意料的”应用形容词unexpected；表示“某人发生了……”应用sth. happen to sb.；表示“看来……”应用seem to do sth.。根据句意可知，一些出人意料的事情已经发生，故用seem to have done。故翻译为Something unexpected seemed to have happened to their family. 61. 孩子们的绘画作业里充满了创意和天马行空的想象。(shortage) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The children’s drawing assignments are full of creativity and wild imagination without any shortage. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句子在陈述事实，为一般现在时。“孩子们的”翻译为Children，“绘画作业”译为drawing assignments，作主语；“充满”译为be full of，作谓语，主语为复数形式，be动词用are；“创意”对应creativity，“天马行空的想象”译为wild imagination without any shortage，作宾语。故翻译为：The children’s drawing assignments are full of creativity and wild imagination without any shortage. 62. 菜单上一些中国菜名的翻译可能会让以英语为母语的人感到困惑。(confuse) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some translations of Chinese dish names on menus may confuse native English speakers. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“菜单上”为on menus；表示“翻译”为translation，此处用复数形式translations；表示“可能会”为may；表示“让……困惑”为动词confuse；表示“以英语为母语的人”为native English speakers，用作宾语。故翻译为Some translations of Chinese dish names on menus may confuse native English speakers。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期10月阶段性反馈 高一英语 I. Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a gift shop. B. At a graduation ceremony. C. In the office of a travel agency. D. In a school library. 2. A. At 8:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 10:00. D. At 6:00. 3. A. A shop assistant. B. A greengrocer. C. A nurse. D. A waiter. 4. A. She has completed her project. B. The man should have met her last night. C. She needs some help to finish the project. D. The man should not touch the project until it is finished. 5. A. He did not attend today’s classes. B. He is very pleased to be able to help. C. The woman should comment on his handwriting. D. The woman cannot figure out what is in his notes. 6. A. She got a pay raise last year. B. She doesn’t need a pay raise. C. She hasn’t received a pay raise. D. She will give the man a pay raise. 7. A. She prefers to stay indoors in the summer. B. She doesn’t agree with the man. C. Too much rain can be unpleasant. D. The weather is supposed to get even wetter. 8. A. The man can forward the mail to her. B. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. C. She can call Mary to tell her about the mail. D. She would like to keep in touch with Sally. 9. A. The professor might give an exam in class. B. They might not finish their oral presentations. C. The man might not be able to leave campus early. D. This week’s class might be longer than expected. 10. A. The boss will probably fire the woman. B. The boss may forgive the woman’s lateness. C. The boss won’t know the woman is late. D. The boss is often late for work. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. What Bigfoot is like. B. Whether Bigfoot exists. C. Where Bigfoot actually lives. D. Who first discovered Bigfoot. 12. A. A large man. B. An animal suit. C. A high mountain. D. A man-made fastener. 13. A. The creature in the film doesn’t move like a human. B. The researchers themselves have made up the film. C. Nothing is really identifiable in the film. D. The film is too old to see clearly. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. An old street. B. His childhood. C. His hometown. D. An interesting souvenir 15. A. It is now the trade centre of Malaysia. B. It looks similar to what it used to be like. C. Its harbour is visited by 2,000 ships each year. D. Its riverside warehouses are filled with spices and silks. 16. A. They are well worth visiting. B. You’d better not explore them on foot. C. You can find many good bargains there. D. They divide the city centre into two parts. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Anew museum. B. A famous photographer. C. Photography in the 1800s. D. Equipment used in the 1800s. 18. A. A person’s appearance B. A person’s social status. C. A person’s personality. D. A person’s role in history. 19. A. Making images look bright. B. Showing images in different colours. C. Showing images in black and white. D. Making images look unclear. 20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes. C. Well-known people. D. Landscapes. II. Grammar & Vocabulary (15%) Section A (5%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. 1. He will have learned English for twelve years by the time he ________ from high school next year. A. graduates B. will graduate C. has graduated D. will have graduated 2. Sometimes he ________ sufficient time to read all the responses properly. A. lacking B. lacked of C. lacked D. was lack of 3. I’m afraid there’s no more bread. We ________ it all last night. A. were eating B. ate C. have eaten D. had eaten 4. I ________ back for the house to change my clothes when I heard voices downstairs. A. was just starting B. just started C. have just started D. had just been starting 5 My neighbor still cut down their beautiful cherry tree as they said it ________ out the sun. A. has blocked B. had been blocking C. has been blocking D. blocks 6. In recent years, the Everest Summit ______ many climbers trapped in the death zone above 8, 000 metres, unable to move freely and dying from lack of oxygen. A. witnessed B. was witnessed C. has witnessed D. has been witnessed 7. It was not ______ the mid-1980s, when emphasizing gender differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem attractive to girls. A. because B. while C. unless D. until 8. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the new words and phrases he learned. A. wrote B. was writing C. was written D. were written 9. He invited me to have the next dance. I said that it was at least ten years since I ________ a social dance. A. had danced B. was dancing C. danced D. had been dancing 10. Huawei was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, and its influence ________ enormously ever since. A. is increased B. increased C. has increased D. had increased Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need. A. academic B. anxiety C. common D. concentrate E. ensure F. impact G. interact H. ordinary I. role J. companions K. breeds Dogs Helping Stressed Out Students Some people say that dogs are man’s best friend — good ___11___, loyal and loveable. Of course, they can be more than just a pet as certain ___12___ are excellent working dogs too. We know about the amazing help that guide dogs give to blind people and, more recently, a new ___13___ has been found for the animals — working as therapy dogs in universities. Research by Washington State University in the US, has found spending time with a dog can help stressed out students. Patricia Pendry from the university told the BBC that a study of 300 undergraduates had found weekly hour-long sessions with dogs brought to the university by professional dog trainers had made stressed students at high risk of ___14___ failure or dropping out feel relaxed and accepted. The dogs helped them to ___15___, learn and remember information. I know that touching a dog gently helps me to relax; other research has shown that petting animals can reduce stress hormone levels and ___16___, so it makes sense to introduce them into an environment where people are stressed. Sean Coughlan from BBC writes that around 1,000 campuses in the US already use therapy pets and it’s becoming more ___17___ in the UK. For example, The University of Middlesex has employed “canine (犬的) teaching assistants” to help stop lonely students dropping out. Fiona Slithers, head of clinical skills at the university, says that five Labradors (拉布拉多) had a “strict assessment” to ___18___ they had the right temperament (脾气). But she adds “it’s hard to describe the ___19___ of just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class.” Using dogs for therapy can also help the dogs themselves. In Wales, Swansea University Students’ Union has used rescued greyhounds (灵缇犬) to help students between exams. Sessions allow mistreated and abandoned dogs to ____20____ with humans and begin to trust them again. II. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast ___21___ places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a ___22___. The word geography comes from two Greek ___23___, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”. The English word geography ___24___ “to describe the earth.” Some geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an ___25___ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole ___26___. Another way to ___27___ the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former ___28___ on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and ___29___ how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, _____30_____ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be _____31_____ as one who observes, records, and explains the _____32_____ between places. If all places were _____33_____, there would be little need for geographers. We know, _____34_____ that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a _____35_____ way of looking at places. 21. A. similar B. various C. distant D. famous 22. A. whole B. unit C. part D. ball 23. A. persons B. words C. places D. names 24. A. is B. has C. intends D. means 25. A. extensive B. entire C. overall D. enormous 26. A. city B. state C. nation D. earth 27. A. continue B. begin C. divide D. complete 28. A. relies B. holds C. focuses D. calls 29. A. learns B. studies C. realizes D. understands 30. A. neither B. either C. one D. each 31. A. treated B. described C. called D. employed 32. A. exceptions B. sameness C. differences D. divisions 33. A. important B. different C. alike D. unknown 34. A. therefore B. thus C. moreover D. however 35. A. special B. right C. wrong D. regular Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A My son, Toby,17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19. He is the first in our household to test positive, and all the information provided for people in this situation is designed for adults who are (or should be) concerned about protecting their families. Toby, obviously, cannot comprehend such advice. He cannot keep a distance from everybody else, or eat and wash in a separate room. We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation. Indeed. Not much we can do. So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVED-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. Not much we can do. My first reaction after absorbing his diagnosis (诊断) , was to cook sausages. I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. Yes, it may now be inevitable that we’re going to contract the very virus we’ve spent a year avoiding, but as long as we don’t contract it at the same time, then, hopefully, one or other of us will be available to look after our kids (thus answering my five-year-old’s most pressing concern: “...but who will make the pudding?”). So, to minimise asymptomatic transmission, we’ve opened all the windows. And we’ve decided to wear face coverings whenever we are with Toby. This decision has been insignificant to him -- I imagine he literally cannot remember life before masks—but for me, it’s distressing. I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected. That it’s no longer a safe space. And so it was, when I sat down to write this column, that I ended up writing about COVID, which is probably the last thing you wanted to read. Sorry about that. COVID has coloured my thoughts today, even though I know that my wife and children will be fine, and that really we should just be grateful we haven’t passed it on to my grandmother. I predict there will be more sausages in the morning. 36. By repeating the sentence “Not much we can do” in paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________. A. he feels annoyed B. he is really helpless C. he wants professional support D. he needs to keep a distance from Toby 37. According to the writer, what did sausages bring to him? A. Sadness. B. Appetite. C. Concern. D. Relief. 38. Why did wearing masks at home cause distress to the writer? A. It discourages him from writing about COVID. B. It lets him remember the days before COVID-19. C. It is a reminder of what is happening to his family. D. It makes him feel at a loss for how to help his son. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The diagnosis leaves the writer’s family in a tough spot. B. The writer is sure that his other kids won’t contract the virus. C. Being infected with COVID-19 makes Toby in a bad mood. D. Sausages have long been considered by many to be comfort food B Experiment with Our Food Want to cook up a delicious meal? It’s not just about the food. We chat to psychologist Prof. Charles Spence about the strange science of gastrophysics. What exactly is gastrophystcs? It’s a combination of ‘gastronomy (美食学)’ and ‘psychophysics’, which involves the scientific study of how our experience of food and drink is affected by our senses and our surroundings, not just the food itself. It’s a small but growing area of research which brings together psychologists, neuroscientists, marketeers, chefs, product designers, and even musicians. So what kinds of things can affect our sense of taste? Pretty much everything! From the colour and shape of the plates to the weight and material of the cutlery (餐具), through to the shape of the table and the feel of the chair you’re sitting on. Then there’s the number of people you’re with, the mood you’re in, the lighting and background music in the restaurant, and memories associated with the food. When you put all these factors together, it adds up a lot. What’s the most surprising way in which our taste can be influenced? It’s the idea of sonic seasoning’, which uses sounds to change the taste of food. You can add as much as 15 per cent extra sweetness, sourness, or bitterness to a food simply by playing the right sort of music. We’ve created music to enhance sweetness and bitterness, and we also have music for sour, and spicy foods. Working with the Michelin-starred chocolatier Dominique Persoone in Belgium, we even showed that if we played ‘creamy’ music in his stores we could add extra creaminess to his chocolate. Neuroscientists have found direct connections in the mouse brain between the senses of smell and sound, so it might be that this occurs in humans too. Sonic seasoning is already being used to enhance meals in fancy restaurants, but we could also see it being used to benefit health by, for example, playing ’sweet’ music so that we’re happy with less sugar in our food. What’s the most innovative use of gastrophysics you’ve seen? There’s a lot happening in the world of cutlery design. Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant The Fat Duck is currently serving a dish called Counting Sheep, which comes with a fluffy (毛茸茸的), weighted spoon that smells of baby powder, designed to enhance the eating experience. We’ve found that food tends to taste better with heavier cutlery -- possibly because we associate weight with quality. 40. Which of the following statements is true of gastrophysics? A. It covers different subjects. B. It neglects food to some extent. C. It has been in existence for long. D. It is created by a psychophysicist. 41. According to Charles Spence, how can sonic seasoning be used to do good to our health? A. Helping us to be more resistant to the temptation to eat unhealthy food. B. Playing some music to make us feel our food is sweeter than It really is. C. Making experiments with mice to find out what food benefits our health. D. Training human brains to associate certain sounds with a particular flavour. 42. Which of the following examples best illustrates the use of gastrophysics? A. A restaurant hires a psychologist to design its layout. B. A restaurant varies the sweetness of its food. C. A restaurant uses heavier plates to serve food. D. A restaurant asks its customers for suggestions. C If you watch wolves, it’s hard to escape the conclusion that perhaps no two species are more alike behaviorally than wolves and humans. We can easily recognize the social structures in wolf packs. No wonder human males often face pressure to measure up as “alpha” males — to “wolf up,” as it were. The term alpha male implies a man who at every moment demonstrates that he’s in control in the home and who away from home can become aggressive. This alpha male stereotype (固定印象) comes from a misunderstanding of the real thing. “The main characteristic of an alpha male wolf,” the wolf researcher Rick McIntyre told me as we were watching gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park, “is a quiet confidence, quiet self-assurance.” The point is, alpha males are not aggressive. There is an evolutionary logic to it. “Imagine two wolf packs, or two human tribes,” McIntyre said. “Which is more likely to survive and reproduce: the one whose members are more cooperative, more sharing, less violent with one another, or the group whose members are beating each other up and competing with one another?” McIntyre has spent 20 years watching and studying wolves in Yellowstone for the National Park Service. He rises early, uses radio telemetry to locate a pack through a radio-collared pack member, then heads out with his spotting scope to observe the animals, keeping careful notes of their activities. In all that time, he has rarely seen an alpha male act aggressively toward the pack’s other members. This does not mean that alpha males are not tough when they need to be. One famous wolf in Yellowstone whose radio collar number, 21, became his name, was considered a “super wolf” by the people who closely observed the arc of his life. He was fierce in defense of family and apparently never lost a fight with a rival pack. Yet within his own pack, one of his favorite things was to wrestle with little wolves and to pretend to lose. One year, a pup was a bit sickly. The other pups seemed to be afraid of him and wouldn’t play with him. Once, after delivering food for the small pups, 21 stood looking around for something. Soon he started wagging his tail. He’d been looking for the sickly little pup, and he went over just-to hang out with him for a while. Of all McIntyre’s stories about the super wolf that’s his favorite. Strength impresses us. But kindness is what we remember best. 43. What do people usually think of “alpha males”? A. They are the group of wolves that resemble humans most. B. They are dominant not only at home but also away from home. C. They are fond of fighting against pressure from opponents. D. They are a necessary part of humans’ social structures. 44 McIntyre is quoted in paragraph 5 in order to ________. A. show alpha male wolves’ characteristic helps their packs survive B. prove cooperative wolves are more likely to be alpha male wolves C. stress that being willing to share is what wolves have in common D. illustrate that an alpha male wolf is born to be tough and aggressive 45. After a wolf pack gets a prey (猎物), what will an alpha male wolf most likely do? A. Compete with other pack members. B. Keep it in a place unknown to his pack. C. Wait until his pack has eaten and is full. D. Make sure that no pack member eats it alone. 46. It is 21’s ________ that will leave McIntyre and the writer a lasting impression. A. attack B. defense C. strength D. kindness Section C (8%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Keep Your Digital Memories Safe? Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognise its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either isn’t aware or doesn’t think that all of it could be destroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with it. ___47___ Here are the steps: 1. Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick and drag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later. You should do more than this, but it’s most important to take the most valuable, irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guard against hard drive failure, theft or loss. 2. Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are: How replaceable is this data? How good are you at assessing the value of items? ___48___ For things like business accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thing should be your first priority. 3. Start making backups. ___49___ Diminishing returns (效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it. 4. ___50___ If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically. A. Keep an eye on your storage media. B. Organisation makes it easy to find your stuff later. C. Write down where you have important files. D. Would you care if this was deleted tomorrow? E. Remember something is better than nothing. F. Preserve your digital memories now, before it’s too late. Section A (3%) Directions: Complete the sentences with words related to those given in the brackets. 51. The ________ (create) of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Moreover, my ________ (short) of knowledge of foreign languages even held me back. (所给词适当形式填空) 53. It’s definitely wrong to take advantage of others’ ________ (ignore) to reach your expected goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) Section B (6%) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the expressions from the box in their proper forms. Note that there is one word more than you need. hand in turn out hold (...) back relate (...) to... concentrate on make sure comment on 54. It ________________ that the giant creature was a huge fish, eight feet in length, rather than an alien monster 55. The Prime Minister of Japan ________________ his resignation (辞呈) early this month for health reasons. 56. Since pay increases ________________ productivity, the workers have improved their working efficiency. 57. Some Internet companies are worried that concerns about privacy could ________________ the growth of cloud computing. 58. Young children have a limited attention span and are unable ________________ one activity for very long. 59. ________________ you understand exactly how to take your medicines before you leave the drug store. Section C (3%+4%+4%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 60. 看来他们家发生了出人意料的事情。(happen) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 61. 孩子们的绘画作业里充满了创意和天马行空的想象。(shortage) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 62. 菜单上一些中国菜名的翻译可能会让以英语为母语的人感到困惑。(confuse) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$