精品解析：山西省朔州市怀仁市怀仁市第一中学等校2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2024～2025学年上学期怀仁一中高二年级第三次月考 英语 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上 的指定位置。 2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非 答题区域均无效。 3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑；非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡 上作答；字体工整，笔迹清楚。 4.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。 5.本卷主要考查内容：外研版选择性必修第一册。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)（略） 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you. ·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines. ·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（装饰） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries. ·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor. ·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking. 1. Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true? A. They are only native to Sri Lanka. B. They enjoy great popularity among Westerners. C. They smell pleasant, like fried nuts. D. They play an important role in South Indian cuisine. 2. Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries? A. Mint and Basil. B. Basil and Shiso. C. Curry leaves and Basil. D. Mint and Shiso. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A biology textbook. B. An academic paper. C. A botanical magazine. D. A commercial poster. B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape C Bonobos often form friendly relationships with other bonobo s in separate social groups — the first time this has been seen in non-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans but in contrast to chimpanzees, another primate, which frequently kill chimps in other groups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evolved (进化) from violent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This potential to form cooperative links between different groups is not uniquely human and it might have occurred earlier than we thought,” he says. Many animals cooperate, but they seem to do so only with those within their social circle, or in-group. Hostile (敌对的 ) interactions between groups are common among animals, including chimpanzees, so scientists have often assumed that hostility towards other social groups in humans is natural, says Samuni, also at Harvard. However, humans also often cooperate with people in different social circles, for example, by trading or teaching. Bonobos are one of our closest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are known to be more peaceful, says Surbeck. To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. The pair documented 95 encounters between the groups, which represented about 20% of their total observation time. Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming (梳毛) and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups. While bonobo s that groomed others usually got an immediate benefit, food sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actions were “not just motivated by selfish interests or immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni report. Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says. 8. What is the focus of the study on bonobos? A. Their social behavior. B. Their survival skills. C. Their evolutionary process. D. Their intelligence level. 9. What can be learnt about the bonobos? A. They are humans’ closest relatives. B. They can be taught to cooperate. C. They interact friendly beyond groups. D. They share food for immediate rewards. 10. How was the study conducted? A. By comparing different primates. B. By observing bonobos’ interactions. C. By listing group members’ motivations. D. By analysing statistics of previous studies. 11. How does Otten find the study? A. Forward-looking. B. Groundbreaking. C. Controversial. D. One-sided. D Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective. A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school. The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls. Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim. These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs. The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony（证词） of others rather than personal experience. So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do. 12. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The methodology of the study. B. The conclusion of the study. C. The significance of the study. D. The theoretical basis of the study. 13. Which child’s response matches the empirical stance? A. Taylor believes what the teacher says no matter what. B. Jordan thinks the earth is flat because his father says so. C. Emma assumes the watermelon is sweet and then tastes it. D. Maya suspects there are monsters living in trees as the story says. 14. What lesson could adults learn from children? A. Rejecting complex concepts. B. Never trusting anyone. C. Learning from their own experience. D. Counting on others’ testimony. 15. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the importance of adult’s role in children’s education and growth. B. To advocate for a more empirical approach to belief formation across all ages. C. To clarify a misunderstanding about elementary school students’ learning ability. D. To persuade adults to help children rid themselves of wrong ideas about the world. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项 Common Mistakes New Runners Make Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. ___16___ , keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success. ·Doing too much too soon One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine. ___17___ . · ___18___ Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts. ·Not wearing the right equipment ___19___, it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts. The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair. Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe. •Running through pain ___20___ If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. Remember: It doesn’t make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy. A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G. Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分 ) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 What I will be hosting, to be exact, is a series of meditation retreats (冥想静修) to be held this spring. During each retreat, about a hundred ____21____ will come here from all over the world for a period of a week to ten days to deepen their meditation practices. Some of them are ____22____, but many have never been to India. My role is to take care of these people during their ____23____ here. For most of the retreat, the participants will be in ____24____. For some of them, it will be the first time they’ve ____25____ silence as a devotional practice, and it can be intense. However, I will be the one person they are ____26____ to talk to if something is going wrong. I can help them. I am so ____27____ to help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____28____ bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever developed throughout my lifetime that have taught me how to ____29____ what people are feeling — they were all accumulated _____30_____ I could help ease these good people into the difficult task they’ve _____31_____. I am so consumed by _____32_____ at their bravery. These people have _____33_____ their families and lives for a few weeks to go into silent retreat with a crowd of perfect _____34_____ in India. Not everybody does this in their _____35_____. 21. A. employees B. retirees C. interviewees D. devotees 22. A. passers-by B. old-times C. trouble-makers D. peace-lovers 23. A. work B. stay C. tour D. lecture 24. A. doubt B. memory C. silence D. surprise 25. A. treated B. interpreted C. described D. experienced 26. A. commanded B. reminded C. forced D. allowed 27. A. equipped B. moved C. wanted D. motivated 28. A. talkative B. sympathetic C. aggressive D. innocent 29. A. read B. record C. express D. reveal 30. A. so that B. now that C. in case D. even if 31. A. put aside B. taken on C. turned down D. got over 32. A. guilt B. satisfaction C. wonder D. embarrassment 33. A. contributed to B. relied on C. left behind D. prayed for 34 A. strangers B. opponents C. friends D. roommates 35. A. job B. adventure C. dream D. lifetime 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Christopher Reeve was born in 1952 to a novelist father and a journalist mother. He had a passion in acting at an early age and finally won the opportunity to star in four Superman films. Unluckily, in 1995, disaster___36___(strike) him. A fall from his horse caused severe injuries to his neck. As a result, he had no movement in his body and couldn’t even breathe without a machine, which was like a nightmare to him. At first, his disability made him depressed. Due to the ongoing support of his wife, parents and friends, he___37___(eventual) decided to recover as best as he could. He undertook an intensive exercise program___38___(design) to help him rebuild muscles. In addition, he became a passionate and energetic advocate for those suffering similar injuries and raised millions of dollars to support medical research. He inspired many___39___(live) with disabilities with his commitment to recovery and positive attitude to life. For that reason he is regarded as a superhero. When it comes to music, I think of Ludwig van Beethoven, regarded as a genius___40___(compose). He composed some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces and an opera. In his youth , Beethoven had been very famous for his skills on the piano, but then he lost his hearing. At first, he thought about giving up___41___proceeded with the composition until he died. When he finished his ninth symphony in 1824, he wondered___42___people would respond when they heard it for the first time. Before walking onstage, the backstage atmosphere was tense. During the performance, Beethoven, a conductor who took charge___43___the orchestra with the musical director, jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly and madly turning the pages of his score. The instant joyous and expressive note signaled the end, the audience didn’t hesitate___44___(applaud) loudly and watch in admiration currently . He faced the audience with a broad smile and their reaction made him realize his symphony was a great success,____45____was extensively appreciated by all the individuals. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周四你校在操场上举办了一场盛大运动会开幕式典礼。请你给外国朋友Tom写一封邮件分享此次活动。 1.活动内容；2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sam was a junior high school student. He lived in a community and usually had little exposure to country life. So much of what he knew about plants came from textbooks. Sam was a kind-hearted boy. He longed for a chance to explore nature and wanted to do his part to beautify the world. Finally, the opportunity came. The class organized a trip to a local village to plant trees on Arbor Day (植树节). Sam was excited about it and couldn’t wait to tell his mom the good news. The next day, Sam and his mom went to buy some tools for planting trees, including a shovel (铲), a bucket, gloves and so on. On the day of the event, Sam and his classmates arrived at the school early. It was a beautiful day and everyone looked particularly happy. With the tools in hand, Sam got into the bus with everyone else and headed off to the destination. As soon as they reached the village, all the students were divided into three teams by their teacher. Some were responsible for shoveling the soil, some for planting the trees and the rest for watering the trees. However, it was the first time that many of the students had taken part in planting trees, so they had no idea about how to start. Of course, Sam was among them. Fortunately, their teacher had a wide knowledge of planting trees. In order to set an example to the students, the teacher started to plant trees himself. Sam watched very carefully, not wanting to miss any of the details. After watching the teacher plant the trees, everyone became busy. Before long, they planted about one hundred trees. Sam learned how to plant trees by himself and felt happy. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The neighbors praised Sam for what he had done. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024～2025学年上学期怀仁一中高二年级第三次月考 英语 全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上 的指定位置。 2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非 答题区域均无效。 3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑；非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡 上作答；字体工整，笔迹清楚。 4.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。 5.本卷主要考查内容：外研版选择性必修第一册。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)（略） 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you. ·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines. ·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（装饰） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries. ·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor. ·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking. 1. Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true? A. They are only native to Sri Lanka. B. They enjoy great popularity among Westerners. C. They smell pleasant, like fried nuts. D. They play an important role in South Indian cuisine. 2. Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries? A. Mint and Basil. B. Basil and Shiso. C. Curry leaves and Basil. D. Mint and Shiso. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A biology textbook. B. An academic paper. C. A botanical magazine. D. A commercial poster. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四种可用于食物和药物的烹饪香草。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Curry leaves”所在段落中“They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines.”（它们是南印度菜肴主要成分，其使用方法与月桂叶在西方菜肴中的使用方法相同。）可知它们在南印度菜肴中起到很大的作用。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Shiso”所在段落中“Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir-fries.”（无论是红叶还是绿叶，它都有多种用途：拌沙拉、泡绿茶或添加到炒菜中。）以及“Mint”所在段落中“Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir-fries.”（薄荷叶柔软翠绿，可用于烹饪和多种药用目的，常用于薄荷茶等饮品以及越南和泰国炒菜等菜肴。）可知Mint和Shiso都可以用于茶饮和炒菜。故选D项。 【3题详解】 文章出处题。根据第一段“Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in smll amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you.”（烹饪香草是一种芳香植物，适合食用，少量使用可为菜肴增添美味。大多数草药都可以在食物中找到，同时也有药用价值。下面为你介绍四种草药。）可知文章介绍了几种香草的特点和用途，因此内容适合出现在植物杂志中。故选C项。 B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 【点睛】 C Bonobos often form friendly relationships with other bonobo s in separate social groups — the first time this has been seen in non-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans, but in contrast to chimpanzees, another primate, which frequently kill chimps in other groups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evolved (进化) from violent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This potential to form cooperative links between different groups is not uniquely human and it might have occurred earlier than we thought,” he says. Many animals cooperate, but they seem to do so only with those within their social circle, or in-group. Hostile (敌对的 ) interactions between groups are common among animals, including chimpanzees, so scientists have often assumed that hostility towards other social groups in humans is natural, says Samuni, also at Harvard. However, humans also often cooperate with people in different social circles, for example, by trading or teaching. Bonobos are one of our closest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are known to be more peaceful, says Surbeck. To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. The pair documented 95 encounters between the groups, which represented about 20% of their total observation time. Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming (梳毛) and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups. While bonobo s that groomed others usually got an immediate benefit, food sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actions were “not just motivated by selfish interests or immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni report. Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says. 8. What is the focus of the study on bonobos? A. Their social behavior. B. Their survival skills. C. Their evolutionary process. D. Their intelligence level. 9. What can be learnt about the bonobos? A. They are humans’ closest relatives. B. They can be taught to cooperate. C. They interact friendly beyond groups. D. They share food for immediate rewards. 10. How was the study conducted? A. By comparing different primates. B. By observing bonobos’ interactions. C. By listing group members’ motivations. D. By analysing statistics of previous studies. 11. How does Otten find the study? A. Forward-looking. B. Groundbreaking. C. Controversial. D. One-sided. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对倭黑猩猩的社交行为的研究。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重点是他们的社交行为。故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups. (与之前的研究中观察到的黑猩猩不同，它们表现出与群体外成员的合作。事实上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享发生在不同社会群体的成员之间。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在团体之外进行友好的互动。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，这项研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩的互动进行。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says. (来自荷兰的研究人员Otten认为这项研究“令人兴奋”，特别是因为它在群体外合作方面“挑战了人类例外论的观点”。Otten说，在群体内最合作的倭黑猩猩与群体外成员合作得更多。这与人类的研究结果一致。他说:“学者们过去认为，群体内的‘爱’与群体外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群体内的合作者往往也是群体外的合作者。”)”可知，Otten认为这项研究是开创性的。故选B。 D Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective. A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school. The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls. Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim. These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs. The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony（证词） of others rather than personal experience. So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do. 12. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The methodology of the study. B. The conclusion of the study. C. The significance of the study. D. The theoretical basis of the study. 13. Which child’s response matches the empirical stance? A. Taylor believes what the teacher says no matter what. B. Jordan thinks the earth is flat because his father says so. C. Emma assumes the watermelon is sweet and then tastes it. D. Maya suspects there are monsters living in trees as the story says. 14. What lesson could adults learn from children? A. Rejecting complex concepts. B. Never trusting anyone. C. Learning from their own experience. D. Counting on others’ testimony. 15. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the importance of adult’s role in children’s education and growth. B. To advocate for a more empirical approach to belief formation across all ages. C. To clarify a misunderstanding about elementary school students’ learning ability. D. To persuade adults to help children rid themselves of wrong ideas about the world. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究探讨了儿童如何应对违背常识的说法。实验中，孩子们被要求判断不同大小的玩偶哪个最重。结果显示，尽管儿童最初相信成人的说法，但小学阶段的孩子会通过实验验证这些说法，从而更新自己的认知。这表明儿童在面对新信息时具备经验主义倾向。 【12题详解】 段落大意题。根据第三段中“Each child was presented with five differently- sized objects made from painted Russian dolls.”（每个孩子面前都有五个大小不同的用俄罗斯彩绘娃娃制作的物品。）以及“The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest.”（孩子们自然而然地认为最小的娃娃最轻，最大的娃娃最重。当被要求找出最重的物体时，大多数孩子都选择了最大的那个。然后，成人要么同意孩子们的选择，要么声称最小的娃娃是最重的。）可知第三段主要描述了研究的具体方法，包括研究对象、实验设计和过程，故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect.”（发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相反的想法的反应，以及他们是否将这些想法与他们的期望进行核对。）可知Emma假设西瓜是甜的，然后品尝验证，符合文章主旨，故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。倒数第三段中“By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs”（到了小学，他们会通过寻找新的证据来系统地检验这些说法，然后利用这些证据来更新自己的信念）可知，成年人可以从孩子身上学到从自身经验中学习的道理。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect.”（发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相反的想法的反应，以及他们是否将这些想法与他们的期望进行核对。）以及“This way of checking, known as the“ empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.”（这种被称为“经验立场”的检查方式在孩子们上小学时就已经显现出来了。）并结合通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了儿童如何通过经验验证来形成信念，并建议各年龄段的人都应更多地采用这种经验立场，故选B项。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项 Common Mistakes New Runners Make Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. ___16___ , keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success. ·Doing too much too soon One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine. ___17___ . · ___18___ Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts. ·Not wearing the right equipment ___19___, it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts. The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair. Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe. •Running through pain ___20___ If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. Remember: It doesn’t make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy. A. Not taking rest days B. If you’re just starting out C. Comparing yourself to others D. Running can be uncomfortable at times E. It’s important not to use the same muscles F. While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running G Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。 【16题详解】 上文“Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury. (跑步是保持体形的好方法，几乎每个人都可以做到。然而，许多人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤。)”指出跑步时有些人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤，由本段标题“Common Mistakes New Runners Make(新跑步者常犯的错误)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者会犯的错误，根据下文“keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success.(记住这些事情可以帮助您增加跑步成功的机会。)”可知，空处是状语从句，B项“如果你刚刚开始”符合，是下文的条件，同时也符合主题，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建议会帮助你增加成功跑步的机会，故选B。 【17题详解】 上文“One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine(新跑步者犯的最大错误之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地进入训练计划将有助于降低受伤风险，这样您就可以继续新的跑步习惯)”指出刚开始跑步的人会跑得太快，所以要慢慢进入训练，不要跑太多太快，G项“专家建议每周增加跑步距离不超过10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故选G。 【18题详解】 此处是本段小标题，即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一，根据下文“Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts.(初学者可能认为他们需要每天（或几乎每天）跑步才能达到健身或减肥目标，但这与事实相差甚远。跑步是一项高影响力的活动，对您的身体来说确实很困难。因此，在锻炼之间让身体休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A项“没有休息日”符合，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据本段标题“Not wearing the right equipment(没有佩戴合适的装备)”可知，本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有佩戴合适的装备，下文“it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts.(锻炼时正确穿着很重要)”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要，空处也应与“佩戴合适的装备”有关，F项“虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼应标题中的“the right equipment”，虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步，但是锻炼时正确穿着很重要，故选F。 【20题详解】 下文“If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain (如果跑步时感到疼痛，则需要停下来治疗疼痛)”指出跑步时如果感到疼痛，应该停下来，这说明有时候跑步会让人感到疼痛，D项“跑步有时会感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介绍了感到疼痛时该如何做，故选D。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分 ) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 What I will be hosting, to be exact, is a series of meditation retreats (冥想静修) to be held this spring. During each retreat, about a hundred ____21____ will come here from all over the world for a period of a week to ten days to deepen their meditation practices. Some of them are ____22____, but many have never been to India. My role is to take care of these people during their ____23____ here. For most of the retreat, the participants will be in ____24____. For some of them, it will be the first time they’ve ____25____ silence as a devotional practice, and it can be intense. However, I will be the one person they are ____26____ to talk to if something is going wrong. I can help them. I am so ____27____ to help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____28____ bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever developed throughout my lifetime that have taught me how to ____29____ what people are feeling — they were all accumulated _____30_____ I could help ease these good people into the difficult task they’ve _____31_____. I am so consumed by _____32_____ at their bravery. These people have _____33_____ their families and lives for a few weeks to go into silent retreat with a crowd of perfect _____34_____ in India. Not everybody does this in their _____35_____. 21. A. employees B. retirees C. interviewees D. devotees 22. A. passers-by B. old-times C. trouble-makers D. peace-lovers 23. A. work B. stay C. tour D. lecture 24. A. doubt B. memory C. silence D. surprise 25. A. treated B. interpreted C. described D. experienced 26. A. commanded B. reminded C. forced D. allowed 27. A. equipped B. moved C. wanted D. motivated 28. A. talkative B. sympathetic C. aggressive D. innocent 29. A. read B. record C. express D. reveal 30. A. so that B. now that C. in case D. even if 31. A. put aside B. taken on C. turned down D. got over 32. A. guilt B. satisfaction C. wonder D. embarrassment 33. A. contributed to B. relied on C. left behind D. prayed for 34. A. strangers B. opponents C. friends D. roommates 35. A. job B. adventure C. dream D. lifetime 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A. employees雇员；B. retirees退休人员；C. interviewees被面试者；D. devotees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“will come here from all over the world for a period of a week to ten days to deepen their meditation practices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A. passers-by路人；B. old-times旧时的、故人；C. trouble-makers捣乱者；D. peace-lovers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A. work工作；B. stay逗留；C. tour观光；D. lecture演讲。根据上文“What I will be hosting, to be exact, is a series of meditation retreats （冥想静修） to be held this spring. During each retreat, about a hundred ____1____ will come here from all over the world for a period of a week to ten days to deepen their meditation practices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A. doubt怀疑；B. memory记忆；C. silence寂静；D. surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“For some of them, it will be the first time they’ve ____5____ silence as a devotional practice, and it can be intense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验静默的禅修。A. treated对待；B. interpreted口译、翻译；C. described描述；D. experienced经历。根据空后的“as a devotional practice”可知，他们需要经历静默的禅修。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果出了什么问题，我将是他们唯一可以倾诉的人。A. commanded命令；B. reminded提醒；C. forced强迫；D. allowed允许。根据上文“For most of the retreat, the participants will be in ____4____.”可知，静修期间，参与者要保持沉默。由此可知，如果出了问题，他们只被允许和我诉说。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以帮助他们。我很有能力提供帮助。A. equipped装备；B. moved移动；C. wanted想要；D. motivated激发。根据下文“All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____8____ bartender, all the antennas （直觉） I’ve ever developed throughout my lifetime that have taught me how to ____9____ what people are feeling — they were all accumulated ____10____ I could help ease these good people into the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，作者具备帮助他们的能力。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个会产生共鸣的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. talkative健谈的；B. sympathetic有同情心的、共鸣的；C. aggressive攻击性的、有进取心的；D. innocent无辜的、清白的。根据空前“All the listening skills I learned”以及空后的“bartender”可知，作为一名调酒师需要了解顾客的感受，和顾客产生共鸣。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. read阅读、读懂；B. record记录；C. express表达；D. reveal揭示。根据空前的“all the antennas （直觉）”以及空后的“what people are feeling”可知，空处指的是这些直觉能够让作者读懂人们的感受。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. so that以至于、为了；B. now that既然；C. in case以防；D. even if即使。根据空前“they were all accumulated”以及空后“I could help ease these good people into the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，空处考查目的状语从句的引导词。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. put aside储存、保留；B. taken on承担、呈现；C. turned down调低、拒绝；D. got over克服。根据空前的“task”可知，这些积累是为了帮助这些人完成他们所承担的任务。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的勇敢感到惊奇。A. guilt内疚、罪行；B. satisfaction满意；C. wonder奇迹、惊奇；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空后的“at their bravery.”以及“These people have ____13____ their families and lives for a few weeks to go into silent retreat with a crowd of perfect ____14____ in India.”可知，作者被这些人的勇敢所折服。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. contributed to做贡献、有助于；B. relied on依赖；C. left behind留下、抛下；D. prayed for为……祈祷。根据上文内容可知，这些人是前来静修，也就是说他们抛下了自己的家庭和生活。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. strangers陌生人；B. opponents对手、反对者；C. friends朋友；D. roommates室友。根据上文内容可知，这些人来自世界各地，由此可知，他人对他们而言都是陌生人。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人在他们的一生中都会这样做。A. job工作；B. adventure冒险；C. dream梦想；D. lifetime一生。根据上文可知，作者对这些人的勇气感到震惊，因为不是每个人在自己的一生中会这样做。故选D。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Christopher Reeve was born in 1952 to a novelist father and a journalist mother. He had a passion in acting at an early age and finally won the opportunity to star in four Superman films. Unluckily, in 1995, disaster___36___(strike) him. A fall from his horse caused severe injuries to his neck. As a result, he had no movement in his body and couldn’t even breathe without a machine, which was like a nightmare to him. At first, his disability made him depressed. Due to the ongoing support of his wife, parents and friends, he___37___(eventual) decided to recover as best as he could. He undertook an intensive exercise program___38___(design) to help him rebuild muscles. In addition, he became a passionate and energetic advocate for those suffering similar injuries and raised millions of dollars to support medical research. He inspired many___39___(live) with disabilities with his commitment to recovery and positive attitude to life. For that reason he is regarded as a superhero. When it comes to music, I think of Ludwig van Beethoven, regarded as a genius___40___(compose). He composed some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces and an opera. In his youth , Beethoven had been very famous for his skills on the piano, but then he lost his hearing. At first, he thought about giving up___41___proceeded with the composition until he died. When he finished his ninth symphony in 1824, he wondered___42___people would respond when they heard it for the first time. Before walking onstage, the backstage atmosphere was tense. During the performance, Beethoven, a conductor who took charge___43___the orchestra with the musical director, jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly and madly turning the pages of his score. The instant joyous and expressive note signaled the end, the audience didn’t hesitate___44___(applaud) loudly and watch in admiration currently . He faced the audience with a broad smile and their reaction made him realize his symphony was a great success,____45____was extensively appreciated by all the individuals. 【答案】36. struck 37. eventually 38. designed 39. lives 40. composer 41. but 42. how 43. of 44. to applaud 45. which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了演员Christopher Reeve和作曲家Ludwig van Beethoven的生平和他们面对困难时的积极态度。 【36题详解】 考查时态。句意：不幸的是，1995 年灾难降临到他身上。根据时间状语 in 1995 可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，strike 的过去式为 struck，故填struck。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他最终决定尽最大努力康复。空白处应填入副词修饰动词decided，故填eventually。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他参加了一个旨在帮助他重建肌肉的强化锻炼项目。此处应填入非谓语动词作定语，design与an intensive exercise program之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词，故填designed。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：他对康复的执着和积极的生活态度激励了许多残疾人士。根据many可知，此处应使用名词复数，live的名词形式为life，其复数为lives，故填lives。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：说到音乐，我就会想到被视为天才作曲家的路德维希・凡・贝多芬。根据空白处前面的冠词a可知，此处应填入名词，compose的名词形式为composer，故填composer。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：起初，他想放弃，但后来他继续作曲直至去世。根据上文At first, he thought about giving up (起初，他想放弃)以及下文“proceeded with the composition until he died(他继续作曲直至去世)”，可知前后句之间是转折关系，故填but。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：1824 年他完成第九交响曲时，他想知道人们第一次听到它时会作何反应。此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，应用连接副词how，故填how。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：在演出期间，贝多芬和音乐总监一起负责指挥管弦乐队，他在乐队前面跳来跳去，疯狂地挥舞着手臂，快速地翻动着乐谱。take charge of 为固定短语，意为“负责”，符合句意，故填of。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：欢乐而富有表现力的音符一结束，观众就毫不犹豫地大声鼓掌并钦佩地观看。hesitate to do sth.为固定短语，意为“犹豫做某事”，符合句意，故填to applaud。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他面带灿烂的笑容面对观众，他们的反应让他意识到他的交响曲非常成功，受到所有人的广泛赞赏。此处应填入关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为his symphony，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周四你校在操场上举办了一场盛大的运动会开幕式典礼。请你给外国朋友Tom写一封邮件分享此次活动。 1.活动内容；2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom, I want to share with you an exciting event that took place on the school playground last Friday — our opening ceremony for a grand sports meeting. First, our headmaster delivered an inspiring speech, clarifying the requirements and his expectations for the competition. After that, each class showed their gymnastics to the music by turns, and the judge teachers scored them. The event concluded with a motivational talk from a former student who had achieved success in her sports career. Personally, I found the ceremony impressive and beneficial. Not only did it help students relieve pressure but also it enhanced their sense of unity. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友Tom写一封邮件分享上周四学校在操场上举办的盛大的运动会开幕式典礼的情况 。 【详解】1.词汇积累 盛大的：grand→magnificent 发表演讲：deliver a speech→make a speech 获得；实现：achieve→accomplish 有益处的：beneficial→helpful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Personally, I found the ceremony impressive and beneficial.  拓展句：Personally, I found that the ceremony was impressive and beneficial.  【点睛】【高分句型1】First, our headmaster delivered an inspiring speech, clarifying the requirements and his expectations for the competition.(运用了现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】Not only did it help students relieve pressure but also it enhanced their sense of unity.(运用了not only位于句首引出的部分倒装句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sam was a junior high school student. He lived in a community and usually had little exposure to country life. So much of what he knew about plants came from textbooks. Sam was a kind-hearted boy. He longed for a chance to explore nature and wanted to do his part to beautify the world. Finally, the opportunity came. The class organized a trip to a local village to plant trees on Arbor Day (植树节). Sam was excited about it and couldn’t wait to tell his mom the good news. The next day, Sam and his mom went to buy some tools for planting trees, including a shovel (铲), a bucket, gloves and so on. On the day of the event, Sam and his classmates arrived at the school early. It was a beautiful day and everyone looked particularly happy. With the tools in hand, Sam got into the bus with everyone else and headed off to the destination. As soon as they reached the village, all the students were divided into three teams by their teacher. Some were responsible for shoveling the soil, some for planting the trees and the rest for watering the trees. However, it was the first time that many of the students had taken part in planting trees, so they had no idea about how to start. Of course, Sam was among them. Fortunately, their teacher had a wide knowledge of planting trees. In order to set an example to the students, the teacher started to plant trees himself. Sam watched very carefully, not wanting to miss any of the details. After watching the teacher plant the trees, everyone became busy. Before long, they planted about one hundred trees. Sam learned how to plant trees by himself and felt happy. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The neighbors praised Sam for what he had done. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community. After seeing what had happened, Sam felt that it was time for him to put the skills of planting trees he had learned to use. He went home and told his mom he wanted to save those trees. So he took the tools that he had used to plant the trees. With the skills taught by his teacher, he worked with his mom to replant those trees, helping the trees survive. The neighbors praised Sam for what he had done. Sam told them about his experience of planting trees. But he owed all the kindnesses to his teacher and mother. He explained that because of his teacher and mother, he learned the skills and saved the trees. The neighbors were very happy to hear that. They said Sam was a role model and that they would ask their children to learn the skills from Sam. Sam felt proud of himself and decided to develop a better community and protect the environment with them. 【解析】 【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了初中生Sam喜欢探索大自然，他想为美化世界尽自己一份力，于是在一次植树节活动中在老师的帮助下与同学们种下了几百棵树，Sam学会了种树，几天后，一场暴风雨袭击了小树苗，Sam利用自己所学到的种树技能帮助小树度过难关，并由此受到了邻居们的表扬。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几天后，一场暴风雨把社区的很多树破坏了。”可知，第一段可描写Sam见到小树苗被暴风雨破坏后的想法以及最后的做法。 ②由第二段首句内容“邻居们夸奖Sam所做的一切。”可知，第二段可描写邻居们对于Sam的表扬以及Sam听到赞美后的反应及感受。 2.续写线索：暴风雨袭击小树苗——Sam决定帮助小树——利用所学技能帮助小树度过难关——受到邻居们的表扬——Sam的感受 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①将……归功于：owe...to.../credit...to... ②想要做某事：want to do /intend to do /would like to do ③要求：ask/require/command 情绪类 ①高兴的：happy/delighted/pleased ②为……感到自豪：feel proud of/ take pride in 【点睛】【高分句型1】So he took the tools that he had used to plant the trees.(运用了that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】With the skills taught by his teacher, he worked with his mom to replant those trees, helping the trees survive.(运用了with复合结构和现在分词短语作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$