Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（外研版2019）

高中英语选择性必修 第一册 （外研版） 精编版 学 重 点 语 法 过去完成时的基本用法 1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完 成的动作或存在的状态 ， 即 “过去的 过去”。 （ 1 ） Before we got to the train station, the train had already left. 在我们到达火车站之前， 火车就已经离 开了。 （ 2 ） Before I could say “ thank you ” , he had run away. 我还没来得及说 “谢谢”， 他就跑开了。 2. 表示从过去某一时间开始， 一直延续到过 去的另一个时间的动作， 常用的时间状语 有 by then ， by the end of ， by the time 。 （ 1 ） By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words. 到上学期期末为止， 我们已经学习了 2,000 个英语单词。 （ 2 ） They had lived there for ten years by then. 到那时为止， 他们已经在那里住了 10 年了。 3. 表示愿望、 打算等的动词， 如 hope ， want ， expect ， think ， mean ， suppose ， intend ， plan 等后接从句时， 一般用过去完成时表 示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 （ 1 ） I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend. 我本打算去机场接他， 但是我有个重要 的会议要参加。 （ 2 ） I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away. 我原打算今年去度假， 可是我离不开。 4. 在句型 hardly...when 和 no sooner...than 中， 主句用过去完成时， 从句用一般过去时， 表示 “一……就……”。 （ 1 ） Hardly had I left when it began to rain. 我刚离开就开始下雨了。 （ 2 ） No sooner had he sat down than the tele鄄 phone rang. 他刚坐下， 电话铃就响了。 基本结构： 肯定句： 主语 +had+ 过去分词 否定句： 主语 +had+not+ 过去分词 一般疑问句： Had+ 主语 + 过去分词？ 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 / 词组 + 一般疑问句 Section Ⅲ Using language 学习目标 1. 进一步了解定语从句关系副词的用法， 并在真实语境中运用。 2. 掌握并恰当地使用与动物相关的习语， 了解英语常用习语的意思。 3. 能听懂与动物有关的一般性话题， 并能够恰当地运用功能表达展开辩论。 必备 知识 语法 关系副词 when ， where ， why 引导定语从句 关键能力 听、 说 单词 短语 idiom authority source found hold your horses as busy as a bee kill two birds with one stone it蒺s raining cats and dogs 64 Unit5 Revealingnature 学 （ had+ 主语 + 过去分词）？ 誅 牛刀小试 ①Until then he （ know ） nothing about it. ②I remembered I （ not tell ） her the truth yet. ③Before he moved to the countryside, he （ live ） in town for ten years. ④The bus （ go ） when I arrived at the bus stop. ⑤By the time I （ be ） 8, I （ already learn ） to play the piano. 重 点 知 识 1. blame v./n. （ 1 ） v. 把……归咎于， 责怪， 指责 短语： blame sb. for （ doing ） sth. 因 （做了） 某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame （ for... ） 因某事应受责罚 ， 为 ……应承担责任 Don蒺t always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame. 不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人， 有时候该 怪你自己。 （ 2 ） n. （坏事或错事的） 责任， 责备， 指责 短语： bear/take/accept/get the blame （ for sth. ） （对某事） 承担责任 誅 牛刀小试 ①It is common that nowadays some students put the blame their poor performance in study their low IQ. ②His admission that he was （ blame ） for the accident kept the others from being punished. 2. decline v./n. （ 1 ） v. 减少， 下降， 衰退， 婉言拒绝， 谢绝 短语： decline by... 下降了…… （后常接分 数或百分数） decline to... 下降到…… （后常接具体数字） decline in... 在……方面衰弱 / 减少 decline to do sth. 谢绝做某事 The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year. 去年到这个旅游胜地的游客人数减少了 10% 。 The libraries are not declining in importance — people are simply changing the way to use them. 图书馆的重要性并没有下降， 人们只是改变 了使用图书馆的方式。 He declined to discuss his plan. 他拒绝讨论他的计划。 （ 2 ） n. 减少， 下降， 衰退 短语： in decline=on the decline 在下降， 正 在衰退， 走下坡路 His interest in computer games is now in decline. 现在他对电脑游戏的兴趣在减退。 誅 牛刀小试 ①With all doctors蒺 efforts, the total number of patients has been the decline, and now many mobile cabin hospitals （方舱医 院） have been shut down. ②Government spending this year is estimated to decline approximately 2%. 话 题 词 块 世界上有各种各样的生物存在， 可能某 65 高中英语选择性必修 第一册 （外研版） 精编版 学 精 听 练 习 完成教材 Activity 7 & 8 后， 完成以下 细节填空练习。 Jenny: Hello, and welcome to Science Under the Microscope, a science programme for 1. . I蒺m Jenny. Josh: And I蒺m Josh. Jenny: This week , as part of our series on ２. , we are discussing microorganisms （微 生 物 ） . They are the oldest form of life on Earth. Scien鄄 tists believe they first emerged （出现） around 3. years ago! Josh: That蒺s incredible! Jenny: But you can only see them with a 4. , as these living things are very very small. We蒺re talking about life at the level of the 5. . Do you know about cells, Josh? Josh: Erm... I蒺m afraid not. What exactly is a cell? Jenny: Every living thing is made up of cells. They are like 6. that are used to build houses. By the way, most microorganisms are single鄄celled. This means that they 7. just one cell. Josh: How strange! Jenny: Actually, we蒺re the ones who are unusual. The vast majority of life on this planet is made up of 8. . They蒺re everywhere! In the air, in water, there are even microorganisms... inside you. I蒺m talking about bacteria （细菌 ） . Have you heard of bacteria, Josh? Josh: I have, Jenny. But bacteria, inside me? Yuck! Jenny: ［ laughs ］ That蒺s right. You have lots of them living in your body. In fact, an 9. human body contains about 10. human cells, and 11. bacteria cells. Josh: Seriously? Oh, this is making my stomach 12. . Jenny: Speaking of which, most of the bacteria in your body help with 13. Biodiversity The largest animal blue heal: 1. The smallest animal water bear: 2. The Gal觃pagos Island the Giant Tortoise: 3. Mangroves: 4. Iguanas: 5. 一区域当中就存在不同的生物种类， 造就了 当地的生物多样性， 请写明下列同一区域 中， 不同生物的独特性。 66 Unit5 Revealingnature 学 . And they help make the food that goes into your stomach, too. Without bacteria, we wouldn蒺t be able to make cheese, yogurt, vinegar... Josh: Really? I didn蒺t know that! Jenny: Oh, and bacteria are also useful at the other end of 14. . They have an important role dealing with 15. and that of 16. . Josh: Euw! You mean what goes down the toilet? Jenny: Yes. Bacteria 17. this waste and other dead, organic matter, like fallen leaves, into nutrients （ 养 料） . Josh: Oh I get it. And these nutrients go back into the 18. where they can be used by plants! Jenny: That蒺s it exactly. Josh: All right. Although some of the bacteria may cause 19. in humans, plants and animals, they aren蒺t all bad... 67 参 考 答 案 Unit6 Nurturingnature SectionⅠ Startingout 精听练习 1. future generations 2. maintained 3. cultural or natural 4. agreement 5. cultural 6. natural 7. mixed 8. more than eight hundred 9. its pyramids 10. puzzling sculpture 11. lion 12. man 13. the Seven Wonders 14. existence 15. natural beauty 16. habitats for endan鄄 gered species 17. less than one percent 18. unfrozen fresh water 19. many unusual life forms 20. great scien鄄 tific 21. over thirty 22. sources of inspiration 23. hu鄄 man activity 24. climate change 25. awareness 26. appreciation 27. protect them 28. pass them on 重点知识 1. ①profits ②from/by ③fell in profit 2. ①distance ②in ③at 3. ①of ②taking ③suspect the truth of 4. ①to select ②in SectionⅢ Usinglanguage 重点语法 ①had known ②hadn蒺t told ③had lived ④had gone ⑤was; had already learnt 重点知识 1. ①for; on ②to blame 2. ①on ②by 话题词块 1. The largest animal species so far found on our pla鄄 net is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 me鄄 tres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. 2. The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing -272 ℃. 3. The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise. 4. Mangroves are one of the coastal plants which serve as the habitats for various birds and fish. 5. Iguanas can be found on San Cristóbal. They have developed from more primitive ones and share a common appearance. 精听练习 1. teens 2. biodiversity 3. three and a half billion 4. microscope 5. cell 6. bricks 7. consist of 8. single鄄 celled microorganisms 9. average 10. thirty trillion 11. around thirty鄄nine trillion 12. turn 13. digestion 14. the food production process 15. your waste 16. other orga鄄 nisms 17. break down 18. soil 19. diseases SectionⅣ Developingideas 文脉梳理 1. They use their chemicals to communicate with each other. 2. It releases chemical to drive the insects away. 3. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warning to people. 4. They can link nearly every plant in a forest. 5. By sounds. 6. Because it is linked together. 重点知识 1. ①cheating ②detective ③detection 2. ①with/to ②link up with ③will be linked SectionⅤ Presentingideas 例文鉴赏 Way to plant 1. covered with 1 — 2 cm of moist soil 2. water regularly 3. soften the hard seed coat in the damp soil Living environ鄄 ment The single stem grows hollow and smooth, revealing large spade鄄shaped leaves from the growing tip. The appearance 1. Three weeks after first becomes visi鄄 ble, it enlarges and begins to reveal. 2. Then the yellow ray florets and the disc florets bloom. 69