Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Understanding ideas-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（外研版2019）

高中英语选择性必修 第一册 （外研版） 精编版 学 文 脉 梳 理 A Journey of Discovery 的语篇类型为记 叙文。 课文以时间及行程路线为线索， 介绍 了著名生物学家 Charles Darwin 的发现之旅 以及他基于此次旅行写成的 《物种起源 》 一书。 Section Ⅱ Understanding ideas 学习目标 1. 通过精读， 感知叙述类文本的结构及语言特点， 并按照事件发展顺序梳理达尔文的发现之旅。 2. 学习和掌握与话题相关的词汇， 并能运用所学词汇进行交流。 必备 知识 单词 distant evolve disgrace geologist sample suspect ancestor generate characteristic decline blame 短语 answer the call be a disgrace lead to 关键能力 读 品 鉴 语 言 在完成汉译英的过程中， 体验和感悟文 章中语言表达的准确、 生动与细腻。 A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “ profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known ” . The person who 1. （来应聘） was A Journey of Discovery Start of the journey Para. 1 Darwin answered the call of the Captain of the Beagle and started his journey of 1. . Darwin, who was fascinated by rocks, plants and animals, began his adventures on the ship of the Beagle in 1831. During the journey Para. 2 Raise a question After he studied 2. in South America, he raised the question: how did different species 3. ? Para. 3 Generate an idea Darwin noticed that some species of animals were very 4. , so he had an idea that maybe animals 5. as they adapted to their changing environment. Para. 4 Find new evidence At the Gal觃pagos Islands, he noticed that birds on each island was different. It seemed 6. . Para. 5 Develop ideas Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 7. . Over time, it evolved into 8. . After the journey Para. 6 Propose a theory He explained his theory in his book, 9. , which was so 10. that more and more people started to believe it. Evaluation The book is regarded as one of the most important works ever written, which started with the journey on the Beagle. 60 Unit5 Revealingnature 学 not the captain蒺s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What蒺s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “ 2. （自己和家人的羞耻） ” . 3. （尽管 如 此 ） , his adventures on this ship would 4. （引领有史以来最重要的一项科 学发现） . 5. （受质疑的年轻人） , Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, 6. （ 着 迷 于 岩 石 和 动 植 物 ） . He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship 7. （装满了样品 ） of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species 8. （产生） ? At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals 9. （彼此 间很相似 ） . Maybe animals evolved as they 10. （适应它们不断变化的环境） ? It was just an idea, but enough to 11. （鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据） . When the Beagle reached the Gal觃pagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw 12. （各种各样的新物种 ） , but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. 13. （似乎它 们的喙已经得到进化 ） according to what food was available on that particular island. Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved 14. （来自同一个祖先） , which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 15. （随着时间推移） , it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: 16. （它们从早期的祖先进化来的） . It was a completely new idea — 17. （进化论） . Darwin explained this theory in his book, 18. （ 《物种起源 》） . 19. （这本书直到 1859 年才出版） and immediately 20. （引起轰动） . Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, 21. （从 更低级生物进化来的 ） . They were shocked. But Darwin蒺s scientific studies were 22. （如此有说服力 ） that more and more people started to believe his theory. Today, On the Origin of Species 23. （被认为是迄今为止世界上最重要的著 作之一 ） . It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle. 重 点 知 识 1. profit v./n. （ 1 ） v. 获益； 得到好处； 对………有用 （或 61 高中英语选择性必修 第一册 （外研版） 精编版 学 有益） profit from/by... 因……而获利 / 受益 profit sb. 使某人获益 Two quarrel and a third profits by it. 鹬 蚌相争， 渔翁得利。 Many local people believe the develop鄄 ment will profit them. 当地的许多人认 为， 这项开发将对他们有利。 （ 2 ） n. 利润； 收益； 赢利 a rise/an increase in profits 收益的上升 / 增 长 a drop/fall in profits 收益的跌落 / 下降 make a profit 赚取利润 Because of the recent economic crisis, investors suffer a huge drop in profits. 因为最近的经济危机， 投资者的收益大减。 It will make the cinema owners happy if more people go to the movies as they will make a bigger profit. 如果更多的人去看电影， 电影院的老板 会很高兴， 因为他们就会赚更多的钱。 誅 牛刀小试 ①She donates 10% of Ailie Candy蒺s （ profit ） to Big Smiles. ②The local farmers will profit plant鄄 ing fruit trees on the hills. ③This company （利润下降 ） last year. 2. distant adj. 遥远的； 远处的； 久远的； 疏 远的 The train station was about 20 kilometres distant. 火车站在大约 20 公里远的地方。 Jack sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来杰克非常冷淡和 疏远。 拓展： distance n． 距离； 远方 distantly adv. 遥远地 at a distance 隔一段距离； 距离稍远 in the distance 在远方 誅 牛刀小试 ①She was warned to keep her （ distant ） from John if she didn蒺t want to get hurt. ②The sound of the cheering faded away the distance. ③Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends a distance. 3. suspect v./n. （ 1 ） v. 怀疑； 感觉有问题； 不信任 I suspected her motives in offering to help. 她主动要帮忙， 我怀疑她的动机。 短语： suspect sb. of （ doing ） sth. 怀疑 某人做了某事 He was suspected of stealing the ring at the party last night. 他被怀疑在昨晚的 聚会上偷了戒指。 （ 2 ） n. 嫌疑犯 If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my immediate reaction will be to tell the police. 如果我发现某个人看上去 像嫌疑犯， 我的第一反应将会是报警。 拓展： suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的； 怀疑的 be suspicious of 对……不信任 誅 牛刀小试 ①Some people suspected him theft. ②The police suspected him of （ take ） 62 Unit5 Revealingnature 学 part in the jewel robbery. ③Why do you the information? 你为 什么怀疑这则新闻的真实性？ 4. lead to 把……带到； 领到； （道路） 通 向； 导致； 使得出 （观点） His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为会让他丢掉工作。 拓展： leading adj. 最重要的； 一流的； 领 先的 leader n. 领导者 leadership n. 领导力 lead to=result in=bring about=cause in the lead 领先 lead/live a...life 过着……的生活 誅 牛刀小试 ①What led you （ select ） your major? ②They were the lead. The finish line was close. 参 考 译 文 发现之旅 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船 员， 这名船员将能 “借此机会访问遥远而鲜 为人知的国度并从中受益”。 然而来应聘的 人并不是船长心中的理想人选。 这个年轻人 从医学院肄业， 并且在他刚收到的家书中， 父亲预言他将会成为 “自己和全家人的耻 辱”。 尽管如此， 他的这次乘船探险之旅将 带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和 博物学家查尔斯·达尔文， 他对岩石和动植 物有着浓厚的兴趣。 1831 年， 他搭乘贝格 尔号从英格兰启程。 这趟旅程给了他研究自 然环境中各种生物的契机。 在南美洲度过一 段时间后， 他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植 物样本。 当他研究这些样本时， 他产生了疑 问： 这些不同的物种是如何产生的？ 当时， 人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现 在地球上的， 并从此再无变化。 但达尔文开始 有了不同的想法。 他注意到， 有些不同物种的 动物彼此间很相似。 也许动物为了适应不断变 化的环境会逐渐进化？ 虽然这只是一个设想， 但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。 1835 年， 当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯 群岛的时候， 达尔文发现了各种各样的新物 种， 但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 达尔 文注意到， 在群岛中的每一个小岛上， 雀鸟 之间有所不同。 它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛 屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 达尔文猜想， 这里所有的雀鸟都由共同 的祖先进化而来。 很久以前， 雀鸟的祖先来 到这片群岛， 随着时间推移， 慢慢进化成许 多新的种类。 于是， 关于动植物的新种类是 如何产生的这个问题就有了答案： 它们是从 早期的祖先进化而来的。 这是一个全新的观点——进化论。 达尔 文在他的 《物种起源》 一书中对此进行了解 释。 这本书直到 1859 年才出版， 出版后立即 引起轰动。 很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有 生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。 他 们对此感到震惊。 然而达尔文的科学研究很有 说服力， 越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 如今， 《物种起源》 被认为是迄今为止 世界上最重要的著作之一。 它彻底改变了人 类对于地球上生命的认识。 而这一切都开始 于贝格尔号的探索之旅。 63 高中英语选择性必修 第一册 （外研版） 精编版 Unit5 Revealingnature SectionⅠ Startingout 精听练习 1. great distances 2. wind 3. water 4. special shapes 5. to land 6. strength 7. hundreds of kilometres 8. ocean currents 9. sea 10. float 11. fleshy fruits 12. seed 13. the parent plant 14. at life 15. soil 16. sur鄄 vive 17. widely spread 18. How and why 19. various wonders SectionⅡ Understanding ideas 文脉梳理 1. discovery 2. samples 3. come to exist 4. simi鄄 lar 5. evolve 6. their beaks had evolved according to the food available 7. a common ancestor 8. many new species 9. On the Origin of Species 10. convincing 品鉴语言 1. answered the call 2. a disgrace to yourself and all your family 3. Despite all this 4. lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time 5. The young man in question 6. fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 7. was crowded with samples 8. come to exist 9. were very similar to each other 10. adapted to their changing environments 11. inspire Darwin to look for more evidence 12. a variety of new species 13. It seemed their beaks had evolved 14. from a common an鄄 cestor 15. Over time 16. they evolved from earlier an鄄 cestors 17. a theory of evolution 18. On the Origin of Species 19. It was not published until 1859 20. caused a storm 21. had evolved from lower forms of life 22. so convincing 23. is regarded as one of the most important works ever written SectionⅢ Usinglanguage 重点语法 1. sunburned/sunburnt 2. challenged 3. to develop 4. swimming 5. frightening 6. seated 7. disappointed 8. connected 9. to tell 10. to give 话题词块 1. breathtaking 2. widely鄄recognized 3. awe鄄inspiring 4. highly鄄priced 5. ground鄄breaking 6. badly鄄needed 7. brown鄄painted 8. carefully鄄chosen 9. warm鄄hearted 10. heart鄄felt 11. peace鄄loving 12. snow鄄covered 重点知识 ①a contrast to what you did ②by contrast 精听练习 1. Spanish 2. breathtaking 3. attack 4. height 5. width 6. bull 7. wounded 8. debates 9. define 10. interpret 11. tragedy 12. anger 13. grey 14. social is鄄 sues 15. simple and lively 16. cartoon 17. Japanese 18. wire fence 19. grass leaves 20. contrast 21. opti鄄 mistic 22. temporary 23. encouragement 24. his hope for peace 25. belief SectionⅣ Developingideas 文脉梳理 1. technology 2. separate 3. combination 4. ac鄄 cessible 5. digital 6. concepts 7. creation 8. videos 9. its overall quality 10. art 11. less distinct 12. artist 13. creator 14. technology 15. expect the unexpected 重点知识 1. ① 进步 ② 提前的 ③ 前进 2. ① 报纸不公正地将其归类为麻烦制造者。 ②is labelled as 3. ①have access to ② 他们因向年轻观众提供易于 欣赏的剧目而享有盛名。 SectionⅤ Presentingideas 例文鉴赏 Para. 1: Issue the invitation and provide the general in鄄 formation — the topic, time, place. Para. 2: Provide the detailed information. Para. 3: Convey sincere hope and invitation. 68 参 考 答 案 Unit6 Nurturingnature SectionⅠ Startingout 精听练习 1. future generations 2. maintained 3. cultural or natural 4. agreement 5. cultural 6. natural 7. mixed 8. more than eight hundred 9. its pyramids 10. puzzling sculpture 11. lion 12. man 13. the Seven Wonders 14. existence 15. natural beauty 16. habitats for endan鄄 gered species 17. less than one percent 18. unfrozen fresh water 19. many unusual life forms 20. great scien鄄 tific 21. over thirty 22. sources of inspiration 23. hu鄄 man activity 24. climate change 25. awareness 26. appreciation 27. protect them 28. pass them on 重点知识 1. ①profits ②from/by ③fell in profit 2. ①distance ②in ③at 3. ①of ②taking ③suspect the truth of 4. ①to select ②in SectionⅢ Usinglanguage 重点语法 ①had known ②hadn蒺t told ③had lived ④had gone ⑤was; had already learnt 重点知识 1. ①for; on ②to blame 2. ①on ②by 话题词块 1. The largest animal species so far found on our pla鄄 net is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 me鄄 tres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. 2. The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing -272 ℃. 3. The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise. 4. Mangroves are one of the coastal plants which serve as the habitats for various birds and fish. 5. Iguanas can be found on San Cristóbal. They have developed from more primitive ones and share a common appearance. 精听练习 1. teens 2. biodiversity 3. three and a half billion 4. microscope 5. cell 6. bricks 7. consist of 8. single鄄 celled microorganisms 9. average 10. thirty trillion 11. around thirty鄄nine trillion 12. turn 13. digestion 14. the food production process 15. your waste 16. other orga鄄 nisms 17. break down 18. soil 19. diseases SectionⅣ Developingideas 文脉梳理 1. They use their chemicals to communicate with each other. 2. It releases chemical to drive the insects away. 3. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warning to people. 4. They can link nearly every plant in a forest. 5. By sounds. 6. Because it is linked together. 重点知识 1. ①cheating ②detective ③detection 2. ①with/to ②link up with ③will be linked SectionⅤ Presentingideas 例文鉴赏 Way to plant 1. covered with 1 — 2 cm of moist soil 2. water regularly 3. soften the hard seed coat in the damp soil Living environ鄄 ment The single stem grows hollow and smooth, revealing large spade鄄shaped leaves from the growing tip. The appearance 1. Three weeks after first becomes visi鄄 ble, it enlarges and begins to reveal. 2. Then the yellow ray florets and the disc florets bloom. 69