必修第1册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters(Word练习)-【创新教程】2025年高考英语艺考生文化课总复习（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 [话题：森林大火，影响极大] Three years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country's worst fire season on record.Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions.The fires produced more planet­heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study. Boreal forests grow where it is very cold.The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and seal (封存) carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink.But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool regions have led to an increase in extreme wildfire activity and threaten to release the carbon stored in the trees that grow there, transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source. In all, fires in boreal forests released the carbon sink and produced nearly half a billion metric tons of carbon in 2021.That's more carbon than the entire continent of Australia produced the same year, though some of the emissions produced by the fires will be sucked back up as forests regrow. The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from.They found that boreal forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe's annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world's wildfire emissions in 2021 — more than twice as much as normal. Canadell, who led the study, is most concerned about the study's main takeaway; boreal forests have served an important and underappreciated role in 　　sequestering　 carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that carbon.“We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future development，” he said. 1．What is the function of Paragraph 2? A．To indicate the seriousness of the fire. B．To illustrate two scientific concepts. C．To explain the source of carbon. D．To show the importance of boreal forests. 2．How did the scientists get needed data? A．By searching on the website. B．By employing technology. C．By analyzing previous data. D．By turning to the firefighters. 3．What does the underlined word “sequestering” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Stopping.　　　　 B．Increasing. C．Monitoring. D．Assessing. 4．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．The reasons for the forest fires in the north. B．The impact of the 2021 boreal forest fires. C．The link between fires and carbon dioxide. D．The increasingly growing carbon emissions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是2021年俄罗斯北方森林大火造成的影响。 1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段“The fires produced more planet­heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study.(根据一项研究，自21世纪之交以来，这场火灾产生的能将地球加热的二氧化碳比任何其他极端火灾事件都多。)”及第二段“Boreal forests grow where it is very cold.The...call a carbon sink.”可知，文章首段提出北方森林大火造成了大量的碳排放，在第二段介绍了森林对碳的封存功能以及这些树木内的碳是如何释放出来的。由此推知，第二段的目的是解释北方森林大火为什么会造成大量的碳排放，即说明这些碳的来源。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers obtained the data for their study by..., geographically, those emissions came from.(研究人员通过使用卫星跟踪大气中的排放浓度来获得研究数据，然后将这些信息输入计算机模型，以确定这些排放在地理上来自何处。)”可知，科学家在研究过程中使用了高科技来统计数据。] 3．A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool..., transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source.(但是，在这些历史上凉爽的地区，气温上升和相关的干旱导致了极端野火活动的增加，并有可能释放储存在那里生长的树木中的碳，将碳汇转化为碳源。)”以及第五段划线词后句中“but climate change threatens to release that carbon(但气候变化有可能释放这种碳)”可知，北方森林在隔离碳排放方面发挥了重要但未得到充分重视的作用。由此可知，划线词sequestering和stopping“阻止”意思相近。] 4．B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Three years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country's worst fire season on record.Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions.(三年前，大火席卷了俄罗斯约4 600万英亩的森林，这是该国有记录以来最严重的火灾季节。现在，研究人员对2021北方森林火灾在排放方面的重要性有了更清晰的认识。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是2021年北方森林大火造成的影响。] Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题：可怕地震，记忆犹新] I found the bed shaking, gently at first.Because I was half asleep and not a native, I just thought it was nothing serious. Sitting up, I turned on the bedside lamp.It was 3：34 a．m.　　__1__　， my 14th­floor Santiago Hotel room came alive, like a very angry animal shaking a smaller one in its teeth.Then the lights 　　__2__　.The noise was more 　　__3__　 in the dark.A strong feeling of 　　__4__　 began to control me.As I pulled myself to standing, I couldn't help 　　__5__　 that I might not see my husband and sons again. In a hurry I opened the door of my room and expected to find people.But 　　__6__　， there was no one about.My mind was crying crazily, 　　__7__　 I didn't even call for help.Luckily, a middle­aged man came up.He just said, “We should go 　　__8__　.” I said “Okay” and followed him to the stairs.On a lower floor I joined in a river of people and walked our way outside to the tennis courts, where a crowd of several hundred were 　　__9__　.Some were crying, all were weak.Then I noticed that a woman was about to fall down and immediately I went to 　　__10__　 her.When I looked around and saw frightened children in parents' arms, my selfish thought was thank God that my 　　__11__　 weren't here. Soon hotel staff were setting up chairs and passing around bottled water.They offered us tablecloths to wrap (包裹) around ourselves against the night 　　__12__　 and shoes for people whose feet were bare.They seemed very 　　__13__　 while in fact they too must be afraid. I felt lucky to be alive, but as a 　　__14__　， my relief was mixed with guilt for we soon learned that the earthquake had left many dead and others homeless and tsunamis (海啸) were 　　__15__　 the way. 1．A.Carefully B．Suddenly C．Secretly D．Recently 2．A.turned on B．ran away C．gave in D．went out 3．A.frightening B．shocking C．disappointing D．tiring 4．A.excitement B．fear C．joy D．anger 5．A.dreaming B．believing C．recalling D．thinking 6．A.surprisingly B．usually C．actually D．exactly 7．A.and B．but C．or D．so 8．A.downstairs B．inside C．upstairs D．around 9．A.lying B．standing C．sitting D．sleeping 10．A.persuade B．comfort C．support D．ignore 11．A.relatives B．brothers C．friends D．kids 12．A.coldness B．warmth C．darkness D．loneliness 13．A.proud B．polite C．upset D．calm 14．A.reporter B．survivor C．visitor D．rescuer 15．A.by B．in C．on D．from [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者经历的一次可怕的地震。 1．B　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，我14楼圣地亚哥酒店的房间活了起来，就像一只非常愤怒的动物在牙齿上摇晃着一只小动物。A.Carefully仔细地；B.Suddenly突然；C.Secretly秘密地；D.Recently最近。根据前文“Sitting up, I turned on the bedside lamp.(我坐起来，打开床头灯。)”可知，此处是指事情突然发生。] 2．D　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后灯熄灭了。A.turned on打开；B.ran away逃跑；C.gave in屈服；D.went out熄灭。根据后文“in the dark”可知，此处是指灯熄灭了。] 3．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黑暗中的噪音更加可怕。A.frightening令人恐惧的；B.shocking令人震惊的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.tiring令人困倦的。根据后文“might not see my husband and sons again”可知，此处是指黑暗中的噪音令人恐惧。] 4．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种强烈的恐惧感开始控制我。A.excitement兴奋；B.fear恐惧；C.joy喜悦；D.anger愤怒。根据后文“might not see my husband and sons again”可知，此处是指一种强烈的恐惧感。] 5．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我站起来时，我不禁想到我可能再也见不到我的丈夫和儿子了。A.dreaming做梦；B.believing相信；C.recalling回忆；D.thinking思考。根据后半句“that I might not see my husband and sons again”可知，此处是指不禁想到这些让人恐惧的事情。] 6．A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，没有人。A.surprisingly出人意料地；B.usually通常；C.actually实际上；D.exactly精确地。根据前文“expected to find people”和后文“there was no one about”可知，此处是指周围一个人也没有让作者很惊讶。] 7．B　[考查连词词义辨析。句意：我的心在疯狂地哭泣，但我甚至没有呼救。A.and和；B.but但；C.or或者；D.so所以。根据上半句“My mind was crying crazily”和后文“didn't even call for help”可知，前后构成转折关系，所以应用转折词but。] 8．A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：他只是说：“我们该下楼了”。A.downstairs到楼下；B.inside室内；C.upstairs去楼上；D.around周围。根据后文“On a lower floor(在较低的楼层)”可知，此处是指应该下楼。] 9．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在较低的楼层，我加入了一条人河，走到外面的网球场，那里站着几百人。A.lying躺；B.standing站；C.sitting坐；D.sleeping睡觉。根据上半句“walked our way outside to the tennis courts”可知，此处是指到网球场避难，所以是几百人站在那里。] 10．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我注意到一个女人快要摔倒了，我立即去扶她。A.persuade说服；B.comfort安慰；C.support支撑；D.ignore忽略。根据上文“Then I noticed that a woman was about to fall down”可知，此处是指过去扶她。] 11．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我环顾四周，看到父母怀里受惊的孩子时，我自私的想法是感谢上帝，我的孩子不在这里。A.relatives亲戚；B.brothers兄弟；C.friends朋友；D.kids孩子。根据上句“saw frightened children in parents' arms”可知，此处是指感谢上帝自己的孩子们不在这里。] 12．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为我们提供了桌布，让我们裹住以抵御夜晚的寒冷，并为裸露脚的人提供鞋子。A.coldness寒冷；B.warmth温暖；C.darkness黑暗；D.loneliness孤独。根据上一句“They offered us tablecloths to wrap (包裹) around ourselves”可知，此处是指用桌布裹身抵御寒冷。] 13．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们看起来很平静，但实际上他们也一定很害怕。A.proud骄傲的；B.polite礼貌的；C.upset心烦意乱的；D.calm冷静的。根据“while”可知，前后构成对比关系，所以此处是指他们看起来很平静。] 14．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运能活着，但作为一名幸存者，我的宽慰夹杂着内疚，因为我们很快得知地震造成许多人死亡，其他人无家可归，海啸即将来临。A.reporter记者；B.survivor幸存者；C.visitor访客；D.rescuer救援人员。根据上半句“I felt lucky to be alive”可知，此处是指作为幸存者。] 15．C　[考查介词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运能活着，但作为一名幸存者，我的宽慰夹杂着内疚，因为我们很快得知地震造成许多人死亡，其他人无家可归，海啸即将来临。A.by the way顺便说说；B.in the way妨碍；C.on the way即将到来；D.from the way以某种方式。根据上一句“the earthquake had left many dead and others homeless”可知，此处是指海啸即将到来。] Ⅲ.语法填空 [话题：极端天气，威胁生物] A wildlife research led by Dr.Sean Maxwell，1.　　________　 professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events. “We have spent more than 70 years 2.　　________　 (measure) the responses of various species，” said Dr.Maxwell.“The growing 3.　　________　 (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes 4.　　________　 ecosystems.Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals respond most to drought events.” UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the 5.　　________　 (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management. “The research clearly shows species will respond, often 6.　　________　 (negative), to extreme events，” Professor Watson said.“In the past few decades, we 7.　　________　 (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.As extreme climate and weather events 8.　　________　 (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance 9.　　________　 (survive)．Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places 10.　　________　 species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚昆士兰大学的肖恩·麦克斯韦尔博士领导了一项研究，表明极端气候威胁着野生动物的生存。 1．a　[考查冠词。句意：由昆士兰大学教授肖恩·麦克斯韦尔博士领导的一项野生动物研究揭示了不同物种如何对重大气候事件做出反应。可数名词professor在句中表示“(昆士兰大学的)一位教授”，泛指，professor发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。] 2．measuring　[考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们花了70多年的时间来测量不同物种的反应，”麦克斯韦尔博士说。spend...doing...是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填measuring。] 3．frequency　[考查名词。句意：飓风、干旱和洪水等极端天气事件日益频繁，正在给生态系统造成不可预测的直接变化。提示词在句中作主语，用名词frequency。故填frequency。] 4．to　[考查介词。句意：飓风、干旱和洪水等极端天气事件日益频繁，正在给生态系统造成不可预测的直接变化。cause...to...是固定搭配，意为“给……带来……，给……造成……”，to是介词。故填to。] 5．detailed　[考查形容词。句意：昆士兰大学生物多样性和保护科学中心主任詹姆斯·沃森教授说，详细的信息将有助于为生态系统管理提供信息。提示词作定语，修饰名词information，用形容词detailed，意为“详细的”。故填detailed。] 6．negatively　[考查副词。句意：研究清楚地表明，物种对极端事件的反应往往是消极的。根据句意，提示词修饰动词respond，应用副词negatively，意为“消极地”。故填negatively。] 7．have seen　[考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，我们已经看到了100多个极端事件后种群数量急剧下降和31个当地物种灭绝的案例。分析句子可知，see(看到)是句中谓语动词，与主语we之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语In the past few decades，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时态的复数形式。故填have seen。] 8．are　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着极端气候和天气事件越来越普遍，我们需要采取行动，确保物种有最好的生存条件。提示词为时间状语从句中的作系动词，结合句意和时间状语now可知，应使用一般现在时态，主语climate and weather events是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。] 9．to survive　[考查非谓语动词。句意：随着极端气候和天气事件越来越普遍，我们需要采取行动，确保物种有最好的生存条件。the best chance to do...是固定搭配，用不定式作后置定语。故填to survive。] 10．where　[考查定语从句。句意：只要有可能，高质量和完整的栖息地应该得到保护，因为这些地方的物种对日益增加的极端事件的抵抗力最强。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些地方”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。] [日积月累]　阅读理解 The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and seal (封存) carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink. that live in this type of forest是　　定语　从句；comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink充当　　状语　。句意：　　生活在这种类型的森林中的树木生长缓慢，并在树干和根部封存碳数百年，其中包括被捕获的排放物，研究人员称之为碳汇。　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$