Unit 7 讲义 2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 7　What's the highest mountain in the world? 一、语法 1. 宾语从句时态要求：主过从过，真理永现 1） 主句是过去时，从句是过去的某种时态 某种：①一般过去时：过去式 ②过去进行时：was/were+doing ③过去将来时：would do （在过去说将来的事） The teacher told us that we would have a sports meeting next week. ④过去完成时：had done (在过去的过去发生，到过去已完成） 现在完成时：在过去发生，到现在为止已完成 确定哪一种：看从句的时间标志词。 2） 真理永现：客观真理永远一般现在时 客观真理：不因任何个体改变而改变 2. 感叹句：1）结构：What+a/an+adj.+可名单+（主谓） What+adj.+可名复/不可名+（主谓） How+adj./adv.+(主谓） 2)口诀：感叹句，去主谓，找名词，有名词用what，无名词用how，可名单有a/an.无主谓，直接找名词。 3.语法：最高级 1）adj、adv有比较级、最高级 2）变化规则：直去双改两个more 直加er/est;以e结尾加r/st；辅音+y，y变i加er/est；重读闭音节（读降调、辅元辅）双写尾字母+er/est；多音节用more/most；adj+ly变的adv，该adv.用more/most 3） 不规则变化 4） 用法：①有in/of/among等表范围的词，用最高级 ②三者及以上比较用最高级 ③one of+the+形最高+可名复 ④the+序数词+形最高+可名单 ⑤有that或省略that的现完句子，用最高级 ⑥问评价，否定方向用比较级，肯定方向用最高级 --What do you think of this book? --No one is better.(than this book).=This is the best. This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. --How was your English exam? --Nothing is. I hardly know most words. This is the worst exam. A. good B. better C. worse D.bad ⑦形最高必有the，副最高the可省。 4.读数 1)hundred 百 thousand千 million百万 billion十亿 2)一万=十千 10,000 ten thousand 十万 100,000 one hundred thousand 3)一个逗号thousand，两逗号million ，三逗号billion 百与几十之间有and 111,111,111 one hundred and eleven million one hundred and eleven thousand one hundred and eleven 二、词法 1.square n. 1）平方；正方形 9,600,000 square kilometersin size面积九百六十万平方千米 2）广场 Tian’anmen Square 2.deep adj. 深的；纵深的→depth n. 深度→deeply adv. 深深地 1) long-length wide-width high/tall-height deep-depth big/large-size 2) 2 meters deep=2 meters in depth How deep be sth.= What’s the depth of sth. 3 )时间、金钱、长度做主语，单三 4）2-meter-deep 2 meters’ 2 meters deep 5）take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸 数字的使用 1）deep深---depth n. 深度 wide 宽--width n.宽度 long长--length n. 长度 high/tall 高--height n.高度 heavy 重--weight n.重量 big/large 大--size n.尺寸 1） The desk is 2 meters long.= The desk is 2 meters in length. =The length of the desk is 2 meters. 桌子2米长。 How long is the desk?= What’s the length of the desk?桌子多长？ 3. desert n. 沙漠 1)可数 2） go across/through the desert 3) dessert n. 甜点 4.the salt lakes 咸水湖 salt Un. salty adj. Of all the salt lakes在所有的咸水湖中 of all the mountains在所有的山中 5.population n. 人口；人口数量 1)形容人口用大小（big/large/small）,形容人们用多少（many/few）。问人口what’s/How large，问人们how many What’s the population of sp.?=How large is the population of sp.?=How many people are there in sp.? 2) have a population of 1.3 billion 有13亿人口 3)the population of sp. 特指某地的人口 the population of China 中国的人口 4）population 做主语，谓单；前有百分数/分数，谓复 80% of the population in China are farmers. The population of China is over 1.3 billion.= China has a population of over 1.3 billion. 6. almost as big as 几乎一样大 as+形副原+as 倍数+as…as 倍数+比较级+than This room is five times as big as that. This room is four times bigger than that. 7.Asia n. 亚洲→Asian adj. 亚洲的n. 亚洲人 in Asia/Africa/Europe in Northeast Asia在东北亚 an Asian一个亚洲人 Europe 欧洲 European 欧洲人 an European Africa 非洲 African 非洲 8.one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一 9.feel free to do随意做某事 10.tour n.&v. 旅行；旅游→(同义词)trip n. 旅行，旅途→tourist=visitors=travelers n. 旅行者；观光者 tour BJ=a tour to BJ on today’s Great Wall tour 在今天的长城游 tour sp.= a tour to sp.=visit sp.=pay a visit to sp.=be on a visit to sp. =travel to sp.去某地旅行 11.wall n. 墙 in the wall on the wall make it the longest wall in the world 使它成为世界上最长的墙 make+sb./sth.+n. 12.amazing adj. 令人惊讶的=surprising be amazed=surprised at/about/to do/that amazement n.=surprise to one’s surprise/amazement 在句首，后有逗号 in surprise/amazement amaze=surprise v. sth. amaze/surprise sb. 13.ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 ancient emperors/films/society 【反】modern adj.现代的 14.protect v. 保护；防护→protection n. 保护；防卫→protective adj. protect sb./sth. from/against doing 保护某人/某物免收……的伤害 keep sb. from doing=stop sb.(from) doing阻止某人做某事 The main reason was to protect their part of the country 保护他们那部分国土 to do做表语，不能用doing 15.as you can see如你所见 as prep. 作为、像 conj. 照…方式 1)You must do as I tell you. 2)随着 As spring comes, the trees turn green. 3)当…时（一人同时做两件事） As she walks she sings. 16.wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的→width n. 宽度→widely adv.广泛的 【反】narrow English is widely used in the world. 17.as far as I know/see/hear/think 据我所知/看/听/想 as long as 只要 as soon as一…就 18.man-made adj. 人造的 man-made objects人造物体 19. (a) part of …的一部分 20.run along 绵延、横亘 run along the southwestern part of China 绵延在中国西南部 Southwestern northwestern southeastern northeastern 21. rise the highest 海拔最高 22.achievement n. 成就；成绩（可数）→achieve v. 达到；完成；成功 1）achievements of climbers 爬山者们的成就 2）achieve/realize one’s dream=dream come true 3)achieve one’s goal 4）sb. achieve/realize the dream=the dream come true=make the dream come true 23.thick adj. 厚的；浓的→thin adj. 薄的(反义词) Thick clouds cover the top厚厚的云层覆盖山顶 24.snow can fall very hard/heavily雪下的非常大 25.include v. 包括；包含 →including prep. 包括……在内 1)做谓语用v., 不做谓语用prep. A good meal should include different kinds of food. All of the students finished the homework, including me. 2)including=besides(包含在内） except 除了（不包含在内） 26.freezing weather conditions极冷的天气条件 1）freezing adj. 极冷的、冰冻的 freeze v. 冰冻 froze-frozen 2）condition n. 条件；状况 ①环境”“情况”，常用复数，“在…情况(环境)下”，其前in/under： in/under very difficult conditions在极其困难的境况下 ②in condition=in good condition (健康)状况良好(反)out of condition=in bad condition 健康欠佳 ③以…为条件，前常on。 ④on condition that= if 27.take in 吸入、吞入（体内）、收养、理解 It’s also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你接近山顶呼吸也是困难的 take in air 呼吸空气 28.the first people to reach the top第一个到达山顶的人 不定式后置定语 the 序/形最高+n.+to do 29.succeed v.实现目标;成功→success n.成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地 succeed (in) doing the road/secret/key to success May/Wish you succeed!祝你成功 30.risk one’s lives冒着生命的危险 risk one’s money 冒着金钱风险 31.one of the main reasons 主要原因之一 32.challenge v. & n. 挑战、考验 challenge oneself 挑战自我 a challenge to sb. face the challenge 33.in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） in the face of difficulties 面对困难 34. the spirit of …的精神 35.show us that 从句 36.never give up trying to achieve our dreams从不放弃努力实现我们的梦想 37.the forces of nature大自然的力量 1）force n. 力；力量 energy n. 精力、能量 power n. 权力、能力 strength n. 力气、劲儿 v. 强迫、迫使 force sb. To do 2) nature n. 自然界；大自然→natural adj. 自然的；天然的 38. even though=even if 虽然、即使=though/although 39.ocean n. 大海；海洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 大西洋 the Atlantic Ocean 印度洋 the Indian Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Ocean in an ocean of… 在一个…的海洋中 39.weigh v. 重量是…（+重量）；称…的重量（sb./sth.）→weight n. 体重；重量 the weight of… …的重量 An elephant weighs 5000 kilos.=An elephant is 5000 kilos heavy./in weight.=The weight of an elephant is 5000 kilos. How much does an elephant weigh?=How heavy is the elephant? =What's the weight of the elephant? kilo=kilogram 千克、公斤 gram 克 40.eat 150 kilos of food a day 一天吃150千克的食物 41.stand on two legs双腿站立 42.birth n. 出生；诞生→birthday n. 生日 bear v. 出生；n. 熊 bore-born at birth 出生时 give birth to 生育 be born with 天生具有 be born with the ability to do 天生具备做某事的能力 A baby panda is about 0.2 to 0.2 kilos.熊猫宝宝出生时大约0.1 到0.2 千克。 43.up to到达（某数量、程度等）、至多有、不多于 live up to 活到=live to be 44.adult adj. 成年的；成人的 n. 成人；成年动物 an adult panda 一只成年熊猫 45.bamboo n. 竹子 1)不可数 2）bamboo forests 竹林 3）10 kilos of bamboo 10千克竹子 46.research n．&v. 研究；调查(用作名词时，重音可放在第一个音节) 1)不可数 2）do research做调查、做研究 do research on做…方面研究 3）at the Chengdu Research Base在成都研究基地 4）research centers研究中心 47.keeper n. 饲养员；保管人→keep v. 保管 panda keepers熊猫饲养员 48.prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物 49.awake adj. 醒着→asleep adj. 睡着的(反义词) wake v. 醒来 woke-woken be/keep awake醒着（状态）wake up醒来（瞬间） fall asleep入睡 50.endangered adj. 濒危的 →endanger v. 对…有危害 danger n. dangerous adj. an endangered animals濒危动物 a dangerous animal危险动物 other endangered wild animals其他濒危的野生动物 This animal is endangered. This animal is dangerous. in danger 处于危险 out of danger 脱离危险 in danger of ……的危险 51.run over to sb.跑向某人 52.excitement n. 激动；兴奋→excite v. 使激动→excited adj. 激动的→exciting adj. 激动人心的 with/in excitement激动地、兴奋地 be excited at/about be excited to do 53. walk into+sb./sth. 走路时撞着（人或东西）,走进、陷入 walk by路过=pass by=go past break into破门而入 change/turn…into把…变成/转换成… divide…into把…分开 fall into落入、陷入 translate…into把…翻译成… get into陷入、参与 knock into与…相撞 look into向里看、调查 put into把…放进… 54.fall over摔倒 come over过来、顺便来访 get over克服、恢复、原谅 go over仔细检查、复习 look over（仔细）检查 take over接管 over and over again一再、反复 all over普及 fall over the chair被椅子绊倒 55. be special to sb. 对某人来说是特别的 specially adv.特别地 especially adv.尤其、特别 56. a symbol of China 中国的象征 57.there are pandas living in the forests. There be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在做某事 There be sth. done有某物被 There be sth. to do有某事要做 58.or so 大约 数字+or so=about/around+数字 59.every two years=every second year=every other year 每两年 every four years= every other three years= every fourth year 每四年 every +基+名复=every+序+可名单 60.illness n. 疾病；病→ill adj. 生病的 die from illnesses死于疾病 61.cut down 砍倒；削减 break down停止运转、出故障 calm down平静下来、镇静下来 die down逐渐减弱 fall down跌倒、倒塌 get down 下来、落下 let…down使…失望 lie down躺下 put down放下、记下 pull down拆下、摧毁 shut down关上、停业 slow down减速 take down拆除、记录 turn down调低、拒绝 write down写下、记下 62.human activities人类活动 63.wild adj. 野生的 wild animals野生动物 sea life海洋生物 64.government n. 政府；内阁 govern v.统治 the Chinese government中国政府 65.jump high out of the water高高地跃出水面 high adj.&adv. 高 highly adv. 高度地 the long jump跳远 A jumps farther than B. A比B跳得远 66.whale n. 鲸 catch whales for meat,fat and oil 67.oil n. 油；食用油；石油 1)不可数 2）put some oil in the pot 3)There isn’t enough oil to start the car.没有足够的油启动汽车 68.protection n. 保护、保卫 make rules on whale protection制定鲸鱼保护制度（on 关于） under the protection of 在…保护下 69.huge adj. 巨大的；极多的 70.water pollution水污染 71.live for a short time活很短的时间 72. the habits of pandas熊猫的习性 better understand the habits of pandas 现在完成时语法专项 1. 定义：发生在过去，到现在为止已完成或继续完成的动作。 2. 动词结构：have/has+过去分词 3. 变句型：否定haven’t/hasn’t done 疑问：have/has提前，过去分词不变 4. 标志词：for、since(自从）、already、yet、just、ever、lately、recently、in the past+段时间、次数、so far 5. for+段时间 since+段时间 ago/ 点时间/ 一般过去时句子 段时间：（数字+）时间单位 6. already 肯定句，句中，变否定或疑问用yet yet在否定句、疑问句，句末 7.1）just 现完 just now 一般过 2）ago一般过 since…ago 现完 3）in the past一般过 in the past +段时间 现完 4）无标志词：只强调事情发生在过去，用一般过；对现在有影响，现完 I’m not hungry. I’ve eaten 5 apples. 8.have been in& have been to& have gone to 1)have been in待在（某地多长时间） 2）have been to 去过（回来了） 3）have gone to去了某地（未回来）【主语不能是第一、第二人称】 问某人在哪：用现在进行时；用have gone to结构 -Where is your father? -He is watching TV. // He has gone to the office. 9.当现完结构中有时间【for、since】，需要把瞬间动词转换为延续类动词。 buy---have borrow--keep open--be open close--be closed leave--be away die--be dead His dogfor one week. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died His dog A last week. His dog C since last week. 10. How long可以用现完，when \ where不能用现完。 How long have you kept this book? Where did you buy? 11. ’s=is =has 1）根据后边动词形式，过去分词→has，现在分词→is 无动词，实意动词“有”或“是” 2）’s 填空 ①看标志词，现完or现在进行时or一般现在时 ②看上下文整体语境 ③看反问部分，hasn’t →has的缩写，isn’t→is缩写 He’s been away from Beijing for 3 days. (be) He has the shop for two days. A. opened B. be open C. been open D. been opened E. been on (start--be on) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$