专题08 阅读理解之议论文15篇（名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

期中复习阅读理解之议论文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）In most cases, people pick the easiest way out: the path of least resistance. Yet, it is the hard choice — the path of most resistance — that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run. How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, without thinking about its long-term consequences. For example, you eat whatever and whenever you like. It may feel nice at first but they have a very high price — guaranteed obesity (肥胖). Most people in modern world follow this path, and this is why so many people struggle without self-control, good habits, etc. The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stage. For example, it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours. But over the long term, you’ll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying lite than that of a couch potato. At first sight, this way is unattractive. It requires effort and loss of pleasure, and leads to potential suffering. Yet, on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence and self-control. In the end, they more than make up for the passing shallow pleasures. We’re lazy by nature. Some may point out that because of this laziness that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have. But ask the same individuals praising laziness if they would be happy living a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it. They would have zero difficulties, no aims in life and no obstacle to get over and no wise human would want such an existence. 1．How does the author show the dangers of choosing the easy path? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By giving explanations. D．By making a comparison. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Watching TV for hours. B．Getting shallow pleasures. C．Having many life struggles. D．Choosing the path of most resistance. 3．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Life is to be enjoyed, not suffered. B．There should be some challenges in life. C．Set your lite goals as early as possible. D．Good habits provide short-term pleasures. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us humans are lazy by nature. B．To encourage us to take the hard path of life. C．To prove that laziness leads to wonders in life. D．To show the common lifestyles of young people. （22-23高一上·云南保山·期中）Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟；姊妹) over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint? In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from. How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue. When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases (偏见) from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue. Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right? Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together. Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn. 1．What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Ignoring chances to learn. B．Knowing more about themselves. C．Shaping a right way to see the world. D．Making the disagreements a chance to learn. 2．According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement? A．By changing the other’s opinion. B．By making both sides comfortable. C．By trying to stand in the other’s shoes. D．By telling facts and opinions apart. 3．How does the author support his view? A．By reasoning. B．By making comparison. C．By debating. D．By giving examples. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments? A．Uncaring. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. （23-24高一上·广东珠海·期中）For decades, the homework standard has been a “10-minute” rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. An American elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot program(试点项目) for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock, tired,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. “We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.” New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids. The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis(分析) by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence(证据) of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students from the 7th to the 12th grade than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance. However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri-St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, “Relationship is not a cause,” she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids. 1．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term? A．No homework. B．Some football practice. C．“10-minute” homework. D．More physical education classes. 2．Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis? A．Younger students in all grades with no homework. B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework. C．Older students in lower grades with more homework. D．Older students in higher grades with more homework. 3．What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Angry. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is homework good for students? B．Which subject’s homework matters the most? C．Shall younger students do the same homework as the older students? D．Do students really hate homework? （23-24高一上·陕西·期中）When we’re in trouble, we always ask our parents for help. But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground? Social networking sites have become extensions(延伸) of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they didn’t need to know more about technology. However, many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation(动机) to educate themselves about social networking sites. These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them, there’s also a amount of control over privacy(隐私) that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated(违背) when we must accept a “friend” request from family members. It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow parents to become a part of our online lives. Sometimes we don’t want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. But if you do accept, then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before. A survey suggested parents shouldn’t take it personally if their children overlook(忽略) their requests. When a teenager overlooks a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that he is hiding something, but it means that he wants to be independent. Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Parents feel secure about their privacy online. B．Parents have realized the importance of social networks. C．Social networks successfully fill the generation gap. D．Social networks offer parents a motivation to educate themselves. 2．What maybe the reason for teenagers to refuse a parent’s friend request? A．They hide something from their parents. B．Their parents make negative comments on them. C．They are unwilling to be watched by parents. D．Their parents tend to fall behind in technology. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．How to use the social networks correctly. B．How do social networks affect people’s life. C．Why do most of teenagers refuse their parents’ friend requests. D．How to reduce the unpleasant influence of refusing parents’ friend requests. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Parents’ Friend Requests. B．Privacy Online. C．The Importance of Relationship. D．The Development of Social Networks. （23-24高一上·云南昭通·期中）While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. Today everyone uses smartphones, desktop PCs and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. The computers, Internet, and smartphones have become part of our everyday life. However, the publishing houses suffer terrible losses, and the comics industry is out of business, for everyone goes dependent on digital gadget (小玩意). Especially in the COVID-19 times, the sales (销售) of PC, laptops and gadgets suddenly went up quickly. Because of health safety problems, people chose to shop online. Moreover, education happens through Online Distance Learning, which forced parents to buy desktops and smartphones. Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. Another problem is health. The young generation today spends so much time on gadgets inside homes. They don’t live the traditional healthy outdoor life. The result is eyesight problems and enjoying very little sunlight. For workers, too much exposure to video call meetings has damaged their health. What’s more, many of us are expected to continue working at home. Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. In the COVID-19 times, these products of modern technology have protected us from public exposure and direct interaction with people. However, its continuous use can also harm people’s health and interest. Thus, we should take control of IT application in our life and not allow IT to endanger our health and safety. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To draw readers’ interest in traditional ways of life. B．To provide readers with a typical life scene many years ago. C．To give tips on how to make good use of our time while waiting for the bus. D．To serve as the background information of the text and lead to the topic of the text. 2．What do we know from the second paragraph? A．Laptop is more useful than a desktop computer. B．We are not able to work or study without computers. C．Information technology brings people many benefits. D．Without information technology, we can’t communicate. 3．What problem can IT gadgets cause according to the passage? A．Many students talk little face to face. B．Many publishing houses turn to IT business. C．Many parents are forced to learn to use IT gadgets. D．Many workers are out of work and have to stay inside. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．How did COVID-19 affect IT? B．How do people make use of modern technology? C．How does modern information technology affect us? D．How did modern technology affect workers and our generation? （22-23高一上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever wondered why other people don’t see things the same way you do? Isn’t it confusing that you don’t necessarily share the same viewpoints even when you come from the same family? Why can’t they just see it my way? The scientific explanation comes from cognitive (认知的) psychology; it’s a mental process known as information processing. From a psychological perspective, you have your own internal set of core values, memories, and quality of emotion. With every external event you experience, the information comes in and is filtered (过滤) through your emotions, memories, and values. How you “see” yourself, others, and the world you live in will be flavored by what you’ve experienced or believe to be true. In other words, you don’t see things as they are — you see things as you are. You have a process for filtering information and it may strike you as being odd, to say the least, when others don’t subscribe to the same beliefs, thoughts, and opinions. What if you considered, even for just a moment, that what you are perceiving is only one possibility — and that there are several other ways to interpret a situation? In every walk of life, you find yourself defending your beliefs, arguing for how you remember something that happened, and positioning yourself to influence others to see things your way. But what if you’re missing the important point that your differences are what make life colorful? Those differences are what stimulate your mind and emotions. Without differences, life would be dull. There would be no “aha” moment if you knew everything. There would be no inspiration in the form of art, music, poetry, style, or communication. There will be times in your life when boundaries may need to be enforced with others and, at the end of the day, you want to feel understood and appreciated. Learning to honor your viewpoints, while others have their own is vital for coexisting in a world where every individual is perfectly unique. 1．Which of the following is not mentioned in the text to play role in information processing? A．Experiences. B．Personalities. C．Memory. D．Emotions. 2．How does the author suggest you handle the situation, when divided opinions arise? A．Insist on your own beliefs and values. B．Ignore what things actually are. C．Listen to and follow others’ completely. D．Respect both your and others’ opinions. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards individual differences? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Confused. D．Surprised. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Nobody Understands You? B．How Come You Are So Uniate? C．Who is Responsible for Disagreement? D．What Makes You Think You’re Right? （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期中）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10, 000 hours of practice before they became successful. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10, 000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10, 000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors. In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key-enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 1．How did Gladwell support his idea? A．By listing numbers. B．By using examples. C．By interviewing famous people. D．By mentioning other researchers. 2．Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with? A．Practice alone is far from enough. B．About 10, 000 hours of practice leads to success. C．Practice hours vary from person to person. D．Deliberate practice is much more effective. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of practice. B．Factors in creating experts. C．The importance of natural talent. D．Warnings for experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Neutral. （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Once I was chatting with some friends about the fact that we all have accents (口音), most of them replied proudly, “Well, I speak perfect English or Chinese.” But this kind of reply is nowhere near the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could cause prejudice (偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field-of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects-for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a special part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his friends’ reply? A．It suggests their impoliteness. B．It shows their language levels. C．It reflects their self-confidence. D．It misses the real meaning of accents. 2．Why does the author mention Singapore Oral English? A．To prove dialects are acceptable B．To correct a grammatical mistake. C．To show different types of English. D．To encourage more changes to languages. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．We should be pround of our cultures. B．We should make friends more in the future C．We should speak with our local dialect smote. D．We should treasure the value of accents and dialects. 4．The author of the text is probably a . A．cultural researcher B．public speaker C．Chinese learner D．magazine editor （22-23高一上·江苏徐州·期中）For some school children, PE is the best lesson of the week — a chance to leave the desk behind, get outside, and enjoy a run around with friends. For others, it is often an unhappy experience — a time when they feel embarrassed, and may even experience physical pain. The idea of competitive sport was a clear source of argument. Those who were good at it did not want those less able to “get in the way”, while those less skilled felt annoyed for being made to compete. They also felt less “liked” by their PE teachers and their more sporty classmates. Research shows that participation (参与) first over excellence can dramatically increase the confidence and participation rates of those less skilled — because it really is the taking part that matters. If schools value taking part above winning against other schools, the nature of PE changes. As one pupil commented (评论): “I have actually joined the football team now, because all the violence has gone. Before it was, ‘You made us lose the game…, it’s all your fault.’ With the new approach, it is more like we are all in there just trying to get better. No one is to blame. Now it is worth doing.” To those who argue we need competitive sport to “build character”, I would point out that there is quite simply no evidence to support this view. But what we can build if we allow young people to work together in a spirit of support and cooperation in the competitive sport is leadership and mutual understanding. If we need competitive sport to build our national teams, this should happen out of school. PE is about the participation of all — not the excellence of a few. At home, the most important thing a parent can do for a child who struggles with PE is to take their concerns seriously. Being physically active is very important for children and young people, so how, when, and at what level they do it should be their first choice. 1．What does the author consider the most important in PE lessons? A．The rules of teachers. B．The available sports activities. C．The participation of students. D．The spirit of winning over others. 2．Why does the author mention the comment of one pupil? A．To support his argument. B．To praise the boy’s behavior. C．To explain the new approach. D．To prove the violence of football. 3．What does the author think competitive sports fail to build? A．Leadership. B．Character. C．Cooperation. D．Mutual understanding. 4．How should parents help children who struggle with PE? A．By making a plan for them. B．By letting them choose what to do. C．By giving them psychological advice. D．By encouraging them to be the most excellent. （22-23高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist(药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up? They kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb(灯泡) believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what. 1．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A．They succeeded in solving world problems. B．They spent all their lives serving people. C．They achieved a lot in the medical field. D．They are remembered for their happiness. 2．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by. A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off 3．It is clear that _____. A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death B．Vincent van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Not everyone can be successful. B．The more difficulties, the better. C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. D．Great hopes make great men. （22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）There will be days when you do not have much to do. Perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department or a different company to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy. Some of this may be a self-perpetuating (自我延续的) cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative. The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you work hard to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-cheat that this pretence (假装) is actual work. But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work? None of this is to say that employers haven’t the right to expect workers to be in the office for an acceptable proportion of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office. Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh. 1．Why do employees still stay at their desk after work according to the passage? A．To put extra efforts into their work. B．To get more overtime allowance. C．To give their bosses a good impression. D．To keep their bosses company. 2．Which of the following is the consequence of presenteeism? A．Employers will pay workers higher wages. B．Workers will suffer physically and mentally. C．Workers will perform their job more efficiently. D．The effort put in by workers will finally pay off. 3．Why is working in the office for some time necessary? A．It brings bosses more profits. B．It helps build better social bonds. C．It makes the exchange of ideas formal. D．It satisfies workers’ material needs. 4．What would the author probably agree with? A．Presenteeism can’t help develop creativity. B．Absence from work reduces productivity. C．Presence at work will be more joyful. D．Technology makes company management easier. （22-23高一上·四川遂宁·期中）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness. “We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr.Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.” Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.”says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself. Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. 1．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1? A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers. C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress. 2．Why should you compare yourself to your past self? A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes. C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements. 3．What does Dr.White suggest? A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success. C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own Happiness C．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream （22-23高一上·浙江嘉兴·期中）If writing a letter a hundred years ago was like sitting down with someone in a quiet room and talking face to face, writing an email today is like shouting at someone across a noisy crossroads while they’re rushing to a meeting. Everyone is too busy. We keep getting information from emails, text messages and the web. It’s very possible that your email will be read when the receiver is on a phone or doing other tasks. This means, when writing an email, you should be clear. I often receive emails from people who are interested in some sort of knowledge communication but never make it clear how they would like me to take action. Do they want to have a coffee? Do they want to make a phone call? It’s unclear. So I won’t respond (回复) at all. It’s more possible for you to get a response from someone if it’s clear what the next step is. Let’s say you’re reaching out to a film director you admire for advice. Don’t just email him/her with: I’ve been a fan of your films for years, and I’d love to ask you some advice. What do you say? Instead, write something like the following : I’m a longtime admirer of your films and have the greatest respect (尊重) for your filmmaking skills. I would love to ask you a few questions about how you made your first film. Would you be available to have a 15-20 minute phone call next week? My schedule is wide open all day on Thursday and Friday if you are free then. I know you’re very busy, so I promise to keep it short. The second example explains the subject matter and the fact that you just want to make a phone call. This is more acceptable because you’ve already suggested a date. In other words, you’ve respected their time, and they now know that dealing with you won’t be a headache. 1．What does the first paragraph say? A．Few people write letters nowadays. B．People seldom talk face to face nowadays. C．People are too busy to read an email carefully today. D．People can deal with different tasks at the same time. 2．Why doesn’t the author respond to some emails? A．Because he is too busy with the task at hand. B．Because he thinks it will waste too much time. C．Because he doesn’t want to communicate with strangers. D．Because he doesn’t know what the sender wants from him. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refer to? A．The email. B．The phone call. C．The film. D．The meeting. 4．Why does the author think the second email is better? A．Because it includes detailed and clear information. B．Because it makes the film director feel proud. C．Because it is a more official email. D．Because it sounds more polite. （22-23高一上·湖南长沙·期中）We live in a time when robots amuse, teach and surprise us. Robots are beginning to offer physical help and artificial intelligence (AI) beyond our expectations. AI could be used to help solve important challenges like ageing societies, environmental threats and global conflicts. But many of us wonder whether AI will become so intelligent in human communication that the dividing line between human and artificial beings will become less clear. Also, once our human bodies and minds are improved with AI and robotics, what will it mean to be human? From an engineering point of view, these advanced abilities are still very far away. A number of problems need to be overcome. For now, robots and computers are completely dependent on a power source — they require a lot of electricity. Another problem is the complexity of human communication. While a one-off natural language conversation in a specific situation with a robot can feel realistic, communicating with people in many other situations is quite another matter. For example, when you call an artificial lost-and-found robot at an airport, a pleasant conversation is possible because there are only a limited number of goals the caller has. However, in creating a more extended relationship, for example, with a robotic pet, the robot needs to have inner goals, a lot of memory that relates experiences to various situations, and it needs to develop these abilities over time. Through smart tricks, a robot can seem more intelligent than it is. Humans are likely to make sense of the robot’s behaviors in a human way. However, in order to sustain a meaningful relationship which deepens and develops over time, a richer artificial inner life will need to be created. 1．What is the message conveyed in Paragraph 2? A．AI technology is undergoing unexpected reforms. B．People doubt whether artificial beings can replace humans. C．The definition of human will be completely changed soon. D．Social problems may be solved with the development of AI. 2．What can be inferred about AI from Paragraphs 3-4? A．Future robots can operate without electricity. B．Robot pets have a memory linked to previous experiences. C．Gaps exist between technology and advanced AI capabilities. D．People can communicate with robots effectively in any situation. 3．The word “sustain” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_________. A．change B．keep C．develop D．beautify 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Various Factors Restrict Expansion of AI Abilities B．Robot’s Behaviors Are Worthy of Being Understood C．High Technologies Improve the Man-machine Interaction D．Artificial Inner Life Needs Developing for Long-lasting Human-Robot Relations （22-23高一上·广东广州·期中）Some people think if you are happy, you are blind to reality. But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain. How did we miss this? Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness? Because we assumed you were average. When we study people, scientists are often interested in what the average is. Many people think happiness is genetic. That’s only half the story, because the average person does not fight their genes. When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers -- people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence -- a wildly different picture appears. Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success. Scientifically, happiness is a choice. It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world. If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage. I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”. Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce. A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: increasing sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements. 1．The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to ________. A．the fact that people are happy B．the connection between happiness and educational outcome C．the fact that people often misunderstand happiness D．the fact that most people are average 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Scientists are only interested in what the average is. B．You can choose to be happy or not. C．The average are not happy at all. D．Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness. 3．Why does the writer mention his articles and research? A．To advertise himself. B．To arouse the readers’ interest. C．To support his point about happiness. D．To attract the readers to read his articles. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To describe the misunderstandings about happiness. B．To show people the importance of happiness. C．To make the point of what business and educational outcome lies in. D．To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习阅读理解之议论文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）In most cases, people pick the easiest way out: the path of least resistance. Yet, it is the hard choice — the path of most resistance — that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run. How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, without thinking about its long-term consequences. For example, you eat whatever and whenever you like. It may feel nice at first but they have a very high price — guaranteed obesity (肥胖). Most people in modern world follow this path, and this is why so many people struggle without self-control, good habits, etc. The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stage. For example, it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours. But over the long term, you’ll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying lite than that of a couch potato. At first sight, this way is unattractive. It requires effort and loss of pleasure, and leads to potential suffering. Yet, on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence and self-control. In the end, they more than make up for the passing shallow pleasures. We’re lazy by nature. Some may point out that because of this laziness that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have. But ask the same individuals praising laziness if they would be happy living a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it. They would have zero difficulties, no aims in life and no obstacle to get over and no wise human would want such an existence. 1．How does the author show the dangers of choosing the easy path? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By giving explanations. D．By making a comparison. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Watching TV for hours. B．Getting shallow pleasures. C．Having many life struggles. D．Choosing the path of most resistance. 3．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Life is to be enjoyed, not suffered. B．There should be some challenges in life. C．Set your lite goals as early as possible. D．Good habits provide short-term pleasures. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us humans are lazy by nature. B．To encourage us to take the hard path of life. C．To prove that laziness leads to wonders in life. D．To show the common lifestyles of young people. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在大多数情况下，人们总是去选择阻力最小的道路，但从长远看来，阻力最大的道路才对你有利，也更能保证成功。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, without thinking about its long-term consequences.(选择阻力最小的道路意味着选择最容易的选择，而不考虑其长期后果。)”可知，第二段首先讲述了选择阻力最小的道路意味着选择最容易的道路，这样并没有考虑长远结果，接着“For example, you eat whatever and whenever you like. It may feel nice at first but they have a very high price — guaranteed obesity (肥胖). Most people in modern world follow this path, and this is why so many people struggle without self-control, good habits. etc.(例如，你想吃什么就吃什么，想什么时候吃就什么时候吃。一开始可能感觉很好，但它们的代价很高——肯定肥胖。现代世界上大多数人都走这条路，这就是为什么这么多人在没有自制力和良好习惯等的情况下挣扎。)”以吃来举例具体说明了选择容易道路的危害。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句句意“The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stage.(阻力最大的路是关于选择将带来更多个人成长的选项，即使这意味着在早期阶段受苦。)”可知，it指代上文讲述的“选择阻力最大的路”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They would have zero difficulties, no aims in life and no obstacle to get over and no wise human would want such an existence.(他们将没有任何困难，没有生活目标，也没有要克服的障碍，没有一个聪明的人会想要这样的生活。)”可知，作者认为没有一个聪明人想要没有困难、没有目标和没有障碍的生活，由此可推测出，作者认为生活中需要挑战。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Yet, it is the hard choice — the path of most resistance — that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run.(然而，从长远来看，艰难的选择——阻力最大的道路——更有益，也能带来最大的成功。)”可知，作者指出只有阻力最大的道路才能给我们带来更多的益处、更大的成功，由此可推测出，作者想要鼓励我们选择生活中的艰难之路。故选B。 （22-23高一上·云南保山·期中）Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟；姊妹) over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint? In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from. How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue. When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases (偏见) from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue. Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right? Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together. Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn. 1．What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Ignoring chances to learn. B．Knowing more about themselves. C．Shaping a right way to see the world. D．Making the disagreements a chance to learn. 2．According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement? A．By changing the other’s opinion. B．By making both sides comfortable. C．By trying to stand in the other’s shoes. D．By telling facts and opinions apart. 3．How does the author support his view? A．By reasoning. B．By making comparison. C．By debating. D．By giving examples. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments? A．Uncaring. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了分歧在生活中是难以避免的，它可能一开始会让人很不舒服，但是如果我们能够正确地看待分歧，尝试去理解一个问题的两个方面，明白事实和观点的区别，就可能有着意想不到的收获。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn.(不过，并非所有分歧都是坏事。事实上，很多人把它们看作是学习的机会)”可知，很多人把分歧看作是学习的机会，结合划线词所在句“They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.(他们通过试图理解双方的来源来做到这一点)”可知，这些人是通过尝试去理解双方分歧观点的来源，来做到把分歧当作学习的机会的。由此可知，so指代上文提到的“把分歧当作一次学习的机会”。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint?(你们的分歧是如何结束的？你能从别人的角度看问题吗？)”可知，文章开头便提出了应该从别人的角度来看待问题的观点；根据第三段“In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue.(在有分歧的情况下，询问更多的信息可以帮助你了解一个人的观点，它还可以引导你收集更多的事实，这可以更好地描述整个问题)”可知，询问更多的信息以更好地了解别人的观点，有助于更好地全面地了解问题；结合最后一段“The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn.(下次当你不同意别人的观点时，试着问他们一些关于他们观点的问题，你永远不知道你会学到什么)”可推知，文章认为要解决一个分歧，就应该试着去了解对方的观点，试着站在对方的立场去考虑问题。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions.(你怎么能理解问题的两面？通常，最好从问问题开始)”、第四段“When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions.(试图了解问题的两面时，了解事实和观点之间的区别是很重要的)”、第五段“However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.”（然而，理解整个问题可以使双方共同努力)”以及最后一段“Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought.(分歧一开始可能会让人不舒服。然而，当双方真正试图理解对方时，往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多)”及全文内容可知，作者认为，要想解决分歧，首先从问问题开始，来了解问题的两面性，要了解两面性，就要先知道事实和观点的区别，这样才能了解问题的全部，以推动双方共同努力。由此推知，作者是通过一步步的讲解推理，表达了自己的观点，即解决分歧必须去了解对方，站在对方的角度考虑问题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn.(不过，并非所有分歧都是坏事。事实上，很多人把它们看作是学习的机会)”和最后一段“However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought.(然而，当双方真正试图理解对方时，他们往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多)”及“The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn.(下次当你不同意别人的观点时，试着问他们一些关于他们观点的问题。你永远不知道你会学到什么)”可知，作者认为分歧不一定是坏事，它也是一次向别人学习的机会。由此推知，作者对此指持积极的态度。故选C。 （23-24高一上·广东珠海·期中）For decades, the homework standard has been a “10-minute” rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. An American elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot program(试点项目) for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock, tired,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. “We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.” New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids. The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis(分析) by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence(证据) of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students from the 7th to the 12th grade than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance. However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri-St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, “Relationship is not a cause,” she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids. 1．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term? A．No homework. B．Some football practice. C．“10-minute” homework. D．More physical education classes. 2．Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis? A．Younger students in all grades with no homework. B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework. C．Older students in lower grades with more homework. D．Older students in higher grades with more homework. 3．What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Angry. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is homework good for students? B．Which subject’s homework matters the most? C．Shall younger students do the same homework as the older students? D．Do students really hate homework? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是杜克大学教授哈里斯·库珀的研究表明，家庭作业与学生成绩是正相关的，尤其是对于年级较高的学生。但教育学教授卡西·瓦特洛特认为，针对小学生的家庭作业并没有足够的证据证明其有益处，应该更加注重提高家庭作业的质量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. An American elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot program(试点项目)for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.( 但是一些学校已经开始让他们最年轻的学生休息一下。美国一所小学宣布在即将到来的新学年推行无作业试点计划，将每天的上课时间延长两个小时，以提供更多的课堂教学。)”以及本段中“ “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock, tired,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. (凯利小学校长杰基·格拉森说:“我们真的希望孩子们四点就能累着回家。”)”可知，凯利小学新学年将推行无作业试点计划，将每天的上课时间延长两个小时，以提供更多的课堂教学。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis(分析)by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence(证据)of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school.(迄今为止，对家庭作业最全面的研究来自杜克大学教授哈里斯·库珀的一项分析，他发现了家庭作业与学生成绩之间存在积极关系的证据，也就是说，做家庭作业的学生在学校表现得更好。)”可知，杜克大学教授哈里斯·库珀发现家庭作业与学生成绩之间存在积极关系的证据即做家庭作业的学生在学校表现得更好；同时根据本段中“The relationship was stronger for older students from the 7th to the 12th grade than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.( 从7年级到12年级，年龄较大的学生的这种关系比年龄较小的学生更强，而年龄较小的学生的家庭作业和成绩之间的关系较弱。)”可知，家庭作业与学生成绩之间存在积极关系在年龄较大的学生体现的更明显即高年级的高年级学生有更多的家庭作业其成绩更好。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章只是在第一段“For decades, the homework standard has been a“10-minute”rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.(几十年来，家庭作业标准一直是“10分钟”规则，即每个年级每天最多10分钟的家庭作业)”和第二段“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break(但是有一些学校已经开始让小年龄的学生们打破这个规则了)”阐述了一下“10分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。由此推知，作者对“10分钟”作业的态度是未知的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文由“10分钟”原则引入学生们的家庭作业问题，接下来告诉读者有一些小学要实施没有家庭作业的试点项目，然后阐述了不同专家意见：杜克大学教授哈里斯·库珀的研究表明，家庭作业与学生成绩是正相关的，尤其是对于年级较高的学生。但教育学教授卡西·瓦特洛特认为，针对小学生的家庭作业并没有足够的证据证明其有益处，应该更加注重提高家庭作业的质量。所以，总结来说，这篇文章就是围绕家庭作业对学生们好不好来讨论的。故选A。 （23-24高一上·陕西·期中）When we’re in trouble, we always ask our parents for help. But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground? Social networking sites have become extensions(延伸) of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they didn’t need to know more about technology. However, many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation(动机) to educate themselves about social networking sites. These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them, there’s also a amount of control over privacy(隐私) that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated(违背) when we must accept a “friend” request from family members. It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow parents to become a part of our online lives. Sometimes we don’t want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. But if you do accept, then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before. A survey suggested parents shouldn’t take it personally if their children overlook(忽略) their requests. When a teenager overlooks a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that he is hiding something, but it means that he wants to be independent. Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Parents feel secure about their privacy online. B．Parents have realized the importance of social networks. C．Social networks successfully fill the generation gap. D．Social networks offer parents a motivation to educate themselves. 2．What maybe the reason for teenagers to refuse a parent’s friend request? A．They hide something from their parents. B．Their parents make negative comments on them. C．They are unwilling to be watched by parents. D．Their parents tend to fall behind in technology. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．How to use the social networks correctly. B．How do social networks affect people’s life. C．Why do most of teenagers refuse their parents’ friend requests. D．How to reduce the unpleasant influence of refusing parents’ friend requests. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Parents’ Friend Requests. B．Privacy Online. C．The Importance of Relationship. D．The Development of Social Networks. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了随着父母开始接触网络社交，孩子是否接受父母的好友请求成为一个艰难的选择。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives.(然而，许多父母开始意识到社交网络在他们的生活中有多么重要。)”可推知，许多父母已经意识到了网络社交的重要性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But if you do accept, then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before.(但如果你真的接受了，那么你会觉得自己被监视了，不再像以前那样自由交流了。)”可知，接受父母的好友请求，会让孩子觉得自己被监视了，感觉不能像以前那样自由交流，由此可推测出，孩子们拒绝父母好友请求的原因是他们不愿被父母监视。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list.(如果你选择不把父母加入你的朋友名单，也许与他们交谈和解释会有助于减轻打击。)”可知，本段主要讲述了如何减少拒绝父母好友请求所给他们带来的不愉快。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground? Social networking sites have become extensions(延伸) of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as ‘friends’ and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends?(但是你想让他们听到你和你的朋友在学校操场上的对话吗？社交网站已经成为学校走廊的延伸，所以你会把你的父母添加为‘朋友’，并允许他们查看你的在线活动和与朋友的对话吗？)”用问题引出是否要接受父母的好友请求的话题，接下来文章围绕这个话题分析了作出选择的困难及背后的原因，并讲述了拒绝父母好友请求时的妥善处理办法。由此可推测出，A项“父母的好友请求”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 （23-24高一上·云南昭通·期中）While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. Today everyone uses smartphones, desktop PCs and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. The computers, Internet, and smartphones have become part of our everyday life. However, the publishing houses suffer terrible losses, and the comics industry is out of business, for everyone goes dependent on digital gadget (小玩意). Especially in the COVID-19 times, the sales (销售) of PC, laptops and gadgets suddenly went up quickly. Because of health safety problems, people chose to shop online. Moreover, education happens through Online Distance Learning, which forced parents to buy desktops and smartphones. Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. Another problem is health. The young generation today spends so much time on gadgets inside homes. They don’t live the traditional healthy outdoor life. The result is eyesight problems and enjoying very little sunlight. For workers, too much exposure to video call meetings has damaged their health. What’s more, many of us are expected to continue working at home. Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. In the COVID-19 times, these products of modern technology have protected us from public exposure and direct interaction with people. However, its continuous use can also harm people’s health and interest. Thus, we should take control of IT application in our life and not allow IT to endanger our health and safety. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To draw readers’ interest in traditional ways of life. B．To provide readers with a typical life scene many years ago. C．To give tips on how to make good use of our time while waiting for the bus. D．To serve as the background information of the text and lead to the topic of the text. 2．What do we know from the second paragraph? A．Laptop is more useful than a desktop computer. B．We are not able to work or study without computers. C．Information technology brings people many benefits. D．Without information technology, we can’t communicate. 3．What problem can IT gadgets cause according to the passage? A．Many students talk little face to face. B．Many publishing houses turn to IT business. C．Many parents are forced to learn to use IT gadgets. D．Many workers are out of work and have to stay inside. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．How did COVID-19 affect IT? B．How do people make use of modern technology? C．How does modern information technology affect us? D．How did modern technology affect workers and our generation? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要论述现代信息技术对人们的身心健康所造成的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. (在公共汽车站、机场或公园等候时，一些人正忙于进行友好的交谈，而另一些人则在阅读报纸、漫画、小说和袖珍书。那是很多年前的事了)”可知，首段介绍了很多年前的一幅生活场景，目的是提供背景信息，并导入主题——现代信息技术如何影响我们的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today everyone uses smartphones, tablets and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. (今天，每个人在家里、工作和学校都使用智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑。确切地说，它改善了我们的沟通、社交媒体、娱乐，并为工作提供了便利)”可知，信息技术给人们的生活带来很多好处。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. (然而，在这些现代设备的好处和使用背后，却是一个令人悲哀的现实。许多学生失去了面对面交谈的能力，公共演讲技巧和社交技巧)”可知，现代设备导致很多学生失去面对面会话的能力，他们几乎不进行面对面交流。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. (现代信息技术确实影响了我们的生活方式)”可知，本文主要关于现代信息技术对我们的生活方方面面的影响，不仅有好的方面，也有坏的方面，所以本文总是在回答一个问题，即“现代信息技术如何影响我们？”。故选C。 （22-23高一上·广东深圳·期中）Have you ever wondered why other people don’t see things the same way you do? Isn’t it confusing that you don’t necessarily share the same viewpoints even when you come from the same family? Why can’t they just see it my way? The scientific explanation comes from cognitive (认知的) psychology; it’s a mental process known as information processing. From a psychological perspective, you have your own internal set of core values, memories, and quality of emotion. With every external event you experience, the information comes in and is filtered (过滤) through your emotions, memories, and values. How you “see” yourself, others, and the world you live in will be flavored by what you’ve experienced or believe to be true. In other words, you don’t see things as they are — you see things as you are. You have a process for filtering information and it may strike you as being odd, to say the least, when others don’t subscribe to the same beliefs, thoughts, and opinions. What if you considered, even for just a moment, that what you are perceiving is only one possibility — and that there are several other ways to interpret a situation? In every walk of life, you find yourself defending your beliefs, arguing for how you remember something that happened, and positioning yourself to influence others to see things your way. But what if you’re missing the important point that your differences are what make life colorful? Those differences are what stimulate your mind and emotions. Without differences, life would be dull. There would be no “aha” moment if you knew everything. There would be no inspiration in the form of art, music, poetry, style, or communication. There will be times in your life when boundaries may need to be enforced with others and, at the end of the day, you want to feel understood and appreciated. Learning to honor your viewpoints, while others have their own is vital for coexisting in a world where every individual is perfectly unique. 1．Which of the following is not mentioned in the text to play role in information processing? A．Experiences. B．Personalities. C．Memory. D．Emotions. 2．How does the author suggest you handle the situation, when divided opinions arise? A．Insist on your own beliefs and values. B．Ignore what things actually are. C．Listen to and follow others’ completely. D．Respect both your and others’ opinions. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards individual differences? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Confused. D．Surprised. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Nobody Understands You? B．How Come You Are So Uniate? C．Who is Responsible for Disagreement? D．What Makes You Think You’re Right? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了为什么每个人看待事情的方式不同，并指出正是由于人与人之间的不同才让生活丰富多彩。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With every external event you experience, the information comes in and is filtered (过滤) through your emotions, memories, and values. How you ‘see’ yourself, others, and the world you live in will be flavored by what you’ve experienced or believe to be true.(随着你经历的每一个外部事件，信息进来，并通过你的情绪、记忆和价值观进行过滤。你如何“看待”自己、他人和你生活的世界，将受到你所经历或相信的真实情况的影响)”可知，在信息加工过程中，情绪，记忆和经历在处理信息时起作用，没有提到个性特征。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There will be times in your life when boundaries may need to be enforced with others and, at the end of the day, you want to feel understood and appreciated. Learning to honor your viewpoints, while others have their own is vital for coexisting in a world where every individual is perfectly unique.(在你的生活中，有时可能需要与他人建立界限，在一天结束的时候，你想要感到被理解和欣赏。学会尊重自己的观点，而其他人有他们自己的观点，这对于在一个每个人都完全独特的世界中共存至关重要)”可推断，当出现意见分歧时，作者建议尊重你和他人的建议 。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But what if you’re missing the important point that your differences are what make life colorful? Those differences are what stimulate your mind and emotions. Without differences, life would be dull. There would be no‘aha’moments if you knew everything. There would be no inspiration in the form of art, music, poetry, style, or communication.(但是，如果你忽略了重要的一点，那就是你的不同使生活丰富多彩呢？正是这些差异刺激着你的思维和情感。如果没有差异，生活将会很单调。如果你什么都知道，就不会有‘顿悟’的时刻。没有艺术、音乐、诗歌、风格或交流形式的灵感)”可知，作者认为差异使生活丰富多彩，没有差异，生活会很单调。由此推知，作者对于个体差异持积极态度。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第二段中“How you ‘see’ yourself, others, and the world you live in will be flavored by what you’ve experienced or believe to be true. In other words, you don’t see things as they are — you see things as you are.(你如何“看待”自己、他人和你生活的世界，将受到你所经历或相信的真实情况的影响。换句话说，你看到的不是事物的本来面目，而是你认为的样子)”可知，文章开头通过提出一系列问题来引出文章主题——为什么别人和你的想法不同，接着对此作出解释，因为我们看待事情的方式受到个人经验等的影响，最后指出正是由于人与人之间的差异才让生活丰富多彩。由此可知，D项“是什么让你认为自己是对的”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期中）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10, 000 hours of practice before they became successful. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10, 000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10, 000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors. In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key-enjoy what you do and follow your passions. 1．How did Gladwell support his idea? A．By listing numbers. B．By using examples. C．By interviewing famous people. D．By mentioning other researchers. 2．Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with? A．Practice alone is far from enough. B．About 10, 000 hours of practice leads to success. C．Practice hours vary from person to person. D．Deliberate practice is much more effective. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of practice. B．Factors in creating experts. C．The importance of natural talent. D．Warnings for experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Neutral. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法至完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.（他提到了披头士乐队和微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨。虽然他们似乎都很有天赋，但在成功之前，他们显然也投入了超过1万个小时的练习。）”可知，格拉德威尔是通过乐队和微软联合创始人为例子来支持他的1万小时理论。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of ‘deliberate practice’, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole.（首先，爱立信表示，1万小时是一个平均数字。有些人需要的时间远远少于1万个小时，有些人则更多。更重要的是，爱立信说，只是大量练习是不够的；实践的类型和质量也很重要。他接着解释了“刻意练习”的重要性，刻意练习是指一个人深入练习一项技能的特定部分，而不是把一项技能作为一个整体来练习。）”可知，爱立信可能不同意一万个小时的练习通向成功这个观点。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors.（普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，实践只占到专家水平的26%。很多人说，天赋对成为专家有很大的影响。另一个自然因素是身体优势，这在体育运动中尤其明显。智商、性格、态度和起步年龄也是决定性因素。但成为专家并不等于一蹴而就，成功还取决于社会和环境因素。）”可知，这段主要讲的是成为专家的一些因素。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key－enjoy what you do and follow your passions.（总而言之，熟不能生巧，但刻意的练习已被证明能带来显著的进步。根据爱立信的研究，以下是一些有效练习的建议：积极主动；制定具体而现实的目标；在舒适区之外工作；始终如一，坚持不懈；好好休息！对于那些想成为某方面专家的人来说，要记住，动力是关键——享受你所做的事情，追随你的激情。）”可知，作者对“熟能生巧”这一观点持客观的态度。故选D项。 【点睛】 （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Once I was chatting with some friends about the fact that we all have accents (口音), most of them replied proudly, “Well, I speak perfect English or Chinese.” But this kind of reply is nowhere near the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could cause prejudice (偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field-of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects-for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a special part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his friends’ reply? A．It suggests their impoliteness. B．It shows their language levels. C．It reflects their self-confidence. D．It misses the real meaning of accents. 2．Why does the author mention Singapore Oral English? A．To prove dialects are acceptable B．To correct a grammatical mistake. C．To show different types of English. D．To encourage more changes to languages. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．We should be pround of our cultures. B．We should make friends more in the future C．We should speak with our local dialect smote. D．We should treasure the value of accents and dialects. 4．The author of the text is probably a . A．cultural researcher B．public speaker C．Chinese learner D．magazine editor 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了每个人都有口音。从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Once I was chatting with some friends about the fact that we all have accents (口音), most of them replied proudly, “Well, I speak perfect English or Chinese.” But this kind of reply is nowhere near the point.(有一次我和一些朋友聊到我们都有口音的事实，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说:“嗯，我的英语或中文说得很好。”但这种回答根本不切题。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?(根据新加坡英语母语者的语法体系，这句话结构良好，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为不同就应该是错的呢？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是为了证明方言是可以接受的。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects-for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a special part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(为了每个人的利益，我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解。像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的见解。在全球化时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人的特殊部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们讲话背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在此过程中结交朋友。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是我们应该珍惜口音和方言的价值。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a special part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech.(像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的见解。在全球化时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人的特殊部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们讲话背后的文化。)”可知，作者对文化很有研究，可能是一个文化研究者，故选A。 （22-23高一上·江苏徐州·期中）For some school children, PE is the best lesson of the week — a chance to leave the desk behind, get outside, and enjoy a run around with friends. For others, it is often an unhappy experience — a time when they feel embarrassed, and may even experience physical pain. The idea of competitive sport was a clear source of argument. Those who were good at it did not want those less able to “get in the way”, while those less skilled felt annoyed for being made to compete. They also felt less “liked” by their PE teachers and their more sporty classmates. Research shows that participation (参与) first over excellence can dramatically increase the confidence and participation rates of those less skilled — because it really is the taking part that matters. If schools value taking part above winning against other schools, the nature of PE changes. As one pupil commented (评论): “I have actually joined the football team now, because all the violence has gone. Before it was, ‘You made us lose the game…, it’s all your fault.’ With the new approach, it is more like we are all in there just trying to get better. No one is to blame. Now it is worth doing.” To those who argue we need competitive sport to “build character”, I would point out that there is quite simply no evidence to support this view. But what we can build if we allow young people to work together in a spirit of support and cooperation in the competitive sport is leadership and mutual understanding. If we need competitive sport to build our national teams, this should happen out of school. PE is about the participation of all — not the excellence of a few. At home, the most important thing a parent can do for a child who struggles with PE is to take their concerns seriously. Being physically active is very important for children and young people, so how, when, and at what level they do it should be their first choice. 1．What does the author consider the most important in PE lessons? A．The rules of teachers. B．The available sports activities. C．The participation of students. D．The spirit of winning over others. 2．Why does the author mention the comment of one pupil? A．To support his argument. B．To praise the boy’s behavior. C．To explain the new approach. D．To prove the violence of football. 3．What does the author think competitive sports fail to build? A．Leadership. B．Character. C．Cooperation. D．Mutual understanding. 4．How should parents help children who struggle with PE? A．By making a plan for them. B．By letting them choose what to do. C．By giving them psychological advice. D．By encouraging them to be the most excellent. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就竞技体育是否应该进入课堂这一争议话题展开了讨论，作者提出自己的观点和建议。。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research shows that participation (参与) first over excellence can dramatically increase the confidence and participation rates of those less skilled — because it really is the taking part that matters.(研究表明，优先参与而不是追求卓越可以极大地提高那些技能较差的人的信心和参与率——因为真正重要的是参与。)”和第五段中“To those who argue we need competitive sport to “build character”, I would point out that there is quite simply no evidence to support this view. But what we can build if we allow young people to work together in a spirit of support and cooperation in the competitive sport is leadership and mutual understanding.(对于那些认为我们需要竞技体育来“塑造性格”的人，我要指出，根本没有证据支持这种观点。但是，如果我们允许年轻人以支持和合作的精神在竞技体育中共同努力，我们可以建立的是领导力和相互理解。)”可推知，作者认为体育课中最重要的是学生的参与。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。作者在第三段中“Research shows that participation (参与) first over excellence can dramatically increase the confidence and participation rates of those less skilled — because it really is the taking part that matters. If schools value taking part above winning against other schools, the nature of PE changes.(研究表明，优先参与而不是追求卓越可以极大地提高那些技能较差的人的信心和参与率——因为真正重要的是参与。如果学校重视参与而不是战胜其他学校，体育的性质就会改变。)”提出只要重视“参与”而不是“战胜”就可以改变学校体育。第四段中“I have actually joined the football team now, because all the violence has gone. Before it was, ‘You made us lose the game…, it’s all your fault.’ With the new approach, it is more like we are all in there just trying to get better. No one is to blame. Now it is worth doing.(事实上，我现在已经加入了足球队，因为所有的暴力都消失了。以前是，‘你让我们输了比赛……都是你的错。有了新的方法，我们所有人都在努力变得更好。没有人应该受到指责。现在值得去做了。)”引用学生的话，通过举例的方式来证明自己的论点。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“To those who argue we need competitive sport to “build character”, I would point out that there is quite simply no evidence to support this view.(对于那些认为我们需要竞技体育来“塑造性格”的人，我要指出，根本没有证据支持这种观点。)”可知，作者认为竞技体育是无法帮助塑造性格的。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At home, the most important thing a parent can do for a child who struggles with PE is to take their concerns seriously. Being physically active is very important for children and young people, so how, when, and at what level they do it should be their first choice.(在家里，父母能为孩子做的最重要的事情就是认真对待他们的担忧。锻炼身体对儿童和年轻人来说非常重要，所以如何、何时、以何种水平锻炼应该是他们的第一选择。)”可知，对于那些在体育方面有困难的孩子，家长应该让他们选择做什么。故选B项。 （22-23高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist(药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up? They kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb(灯泡) believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what. 1．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A．They succeeded in solving world problems. B．They spent all their lives serving people. C．They achieved a lot in the medical field. D．They are remembered for their happiness. 2．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by. A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off 3．It is clear that _____. A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death B．Vincent van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Not everyone can be successful. B．The more difficulties, the better. C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. D．Great hopes make great men. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.(作为“杂交水稻之父”，袁隆平克服重重困难，终其一生致力于减少世界饥饿，帮助养活世界上人口最多的国家。)”以及文章第二段“Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years.(吴孟超，“中国肝胆外科之父”，近八十年来专注于挽救生命。) ”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超一生都在为人民服务。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据下文which引导定语从句“which are not in the shape of normal ones.(它们不是正常的形状。）分析可知，which指代上文“Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time”，因此推断，长时间握手术刀导致对他的手指造成了一定的影响，他的手指变形了，这不是正常的形状。所以划线词意为“使手指变形”。与A项“使他的手指变形了”意思相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria, Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist took on the job as head of a research team.(1969年，为了解决治疗疟疾的问题，药理学家屠呦呦担任了一个研究小组的负责人。)”以及“Finally, in 1972, they made it!(最终，在1972年，他们成功了！)”可知，1969年开始研究，1972年成功，一共花了屠呦呦三年时间达成目标。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.(想想你真正崇拜的人。你可能会发现他们的成功来之不易。)”以及最后一段“One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.(这些人都有一个共同点，那就是无论如何都要坚持自己的目标。)”可知，本文主要通过介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的。故选C项。 （22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）There will be days when you do not have much to do. Perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department or a different company to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy. Some of this may be a self-perpetuating (自我延续的) cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative. The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you work hard to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-cheat that this pretence (假装) is actual work. But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work? None of this is to say that employers haven’t the right to expect workers to be in the office for an acceptable proportion of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office. Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh. 1．Why do employees still stay at their desk after work according to the passage? A．To put extra efforts into their work. B．To get more overtime allowance. C．To give their bosses a good impression. D．To keep their bosses company. 2．Which of the following is the consequence of presenteeism? A．Employers will pay workers higher wages. B．Workers will suffer physically and mentally. C．Workers will perform their job more efficiently. D．The effort put in by workers will finally pay off. 3．Why is working in the office for some time necessary? A．It brings bosses more profits. B．It helps build better social bonds. C．It makes the exchange of ideas formal. D．It satisfies workers’ material needs. 4．What would the author probably agree with? A．Presenteeism can’t help develop creativity. B．Absence from work reduces productivity. C．Presence at work will be more joyful. D．Technology makes company management easier. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述在上班族之间存在的自我延续的循环的坏处和改掉这个循环的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative.”(如果老板不喜欢在工人之前回家，工人害怕在老板之前离开，那么每个人都会被困。员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力，他们就不会加薪或升职。管理者通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为一种选择。)可知，下班后员工还不回家的目的是要给老板留下好印象。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?”(但全勤主义有更严重的后果。这不仅会降低生产力，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。根据一项研究，雇主的这些成本可能是工人旷工成本的六倍。例如，一项研究发现，腰痛的日本员工上班的可能性是英国的三倍。因此，这些工人更有可能经历更大的痛苦，并患上抑郁症。还有什么比在工作中陷入痛苦更令人不安的呢？)可知，全勤主义会使得员工们在身体上和心理上都遭受很大的痛苦。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs.”(不可避免地需要召开一些（最好是简短的）会议。面对面与同事打交道会产生一种信任和友谊的感觉，允许进行有益的思想交流，并使员工更好地了解自己的需求。)可知，在办公室的时间会让员工们建立更好的纽带。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.”(把办公室变成监狱，让囚犯回家过夜，这对办公室工作人员的创造力没有任何帮助，因为日常工作都是自动化的。)可知，全勤主义并不能刺激员工们的创造力。故选A。 （22-23高一上·四川遂宁·期中）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness. “We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr.Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.” Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.”says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself. Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. 1．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1? A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers. C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress. 2．Why should you compare yourself to your past self? A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes. C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements. 3．What does Dr.White suggest? A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success. C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own Happiness C．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者认为应该关注自己的进步，并且阐述了拿自己与过去和未来的自己作比较的好处，以及如何对待别人的成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.( 尽管比较很常见，有时也会有所帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的幸福很重要。)”可知作者认为我们应该关注自己的进步。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.’ says Dr. Jack. ‘But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.’(‘我们经常把自己与比自己做得更好或不如自己的人进行比较。’Jack博士说。‘但我建议你拿自己和过去的自己以及未来的自己做比较。这会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪，对自己可能要做的事情感到兴奋。专注于自己的目标比总是想要脱颖而出更有价值。’)”可知把自己与过去的自己比较，可以让自己对所取得的成就感到自豪，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Maybe here you are wondering ‘What if all my friends are better than me?’ Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.(也许你在想‘如果我所有的朋友都比我好呢?’White博士说，妒忌不是坏事，但专注于改善自己的工作可以让你感觉同样成功。他还提到，学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好。它会鼓励你们互相帮助。)”可知White博士建议对于别人的成功要庆祝。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.(尽管比较很常见，有时也会有所帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的幸福很重要。)”可知作者认为我们应该关注自己的进步。结合第二段中“‘But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self.’ (‘但我建议你拿自己和过去的自己以及未来的自己做比较。’)”以及下文阐述的拿自己与过去和未来的自己作比较的好处，可知作者主要阐述不要和别人比较，专注于自己的进步和目标，所以C选项“Run Your Own Race(跑你自己的比赛)”可以概括全文，适合做文章标题。故选C。 （22-23高一上·浙江嘉兴·期中）If writing a letter a hundred years ago was like sitting down with someone in a quiet room and talking face to face, writing an email today is like shouting at someone across a noisy crossroads while they’re rushing to a meeting. Everyone is too busy. We keep getting information from emails, text messages and the web. It’s very possible that your email will be read when the receiver is on a phone or doing other tasks. This means, when writing an email, you should be clear. I often receive emails from people who are interested in some sort of knowledge communication but never make it clear how they would like me to take action. Do they want to have a coffee? Do they want to make a phone call? It’s unclear. So I won’t respond (回复) at all. It’s more possible for you to get a response from someone if it’s clear what the next step is. Let’s say you’re reaching out to a film director you admire for advice. Don’t just email him/her with: I’ve been a fan of your films for years, and I’d love to ask you some advice. What do you say? Instead, write something like the following : I’m a longtime admirer of your films and have the greatest respect (尊重) for your filmmaking skills. I would love to ask you a few questions about how you made your first film. Would you be available to have a 15-20 minute phone call next week? My schedule is wide open all day on Thursday and Friday if you are free then. I know you’re very busy, so I promise to keep it short. The second example explains the subject matter and the fact that you just want to make a phone call. This is more acceptable because you’ve already suggested a date. In other words, you’ve respected their time, and they now know that dealing with you won’t be a headache. 1．What does the first paragraph say? A．Few people write letters nowadays. B．People seldom talk face to face nowadays. C．People are too busy to read an email carefully today. D．People can deal with different tasks at the same time. 2．Why doesn’t the author respond to some emails? A．Because he is too busy with the task at hand. B．Because he thinks it will waste too much time. C．Because he doesn’t want to communicate with strangers. D．Because he doesn’t know what the sender wants from him. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refer to? A．The email. B．The phone call. C．The film. D．The meeting. 4．Why does the author think the second email is better? A．Because it includes detailed and clear information. B．Because it makes the film director feel proud. C．Because it is a more official email. D．Because it sounds more polite. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。现代人的生活很忙碌，因此，你的邮件必须要明确地传达你的目的，才更有可能得到回复。 1．细节理解题。根据短文第一段中的“writing a e mail today is like shouting at someone across a noisy crossroads while they're rushing to a meeting. Everyone is too busy.(那么今天写一封电子邮件就像在一个嘈杂的十字路口对着一个匆匆赶去开会的人大喊大叫。每个人都太忙了)”可知，人们今天太忙了，没有时间仔细阅读电子邮件，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据短文第三段中的“I often receive emails from people who are interested in some sort of knowledge communication but never make it clear how they would like me to take action.(我经常收到那些对某种知识交流感兴趣但从未明确说明他们希望我如何采取行动的人的电子邮件)”以及“It’s unclear. (目前还不清楚)”可知，作者不回复某些邮件是因为不知道发件人想从他那里得到什么，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词前的内容主要是关于电话约谈的时长和具体日期的，再根据“I know you're very busy(我知道你很忙)”可知，“我”保证电话约谈不需要太长时间。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“I'm a long time admirer of your films and have the greatest respect for your filmmaking skills.(第二个示例说明了主题以及您只想拨打电话的事实)”可推知，作者认为第二封电子邮件更好的原因是它包括详细而清晰的信息，故选A。 （22-23高一上·湖南长沙·期中）We live in a time when robots amuse, teach and surprise us. Robots are beginning to offer physical help and artificial intelligence (AI) beyond our expectations. AI could be used to help solve important challenges like ageing societies, environmental threats and global conflicts. But many of us wonder whether AI will become so intelligent in human communication that the dividing line between human and artificial beings will become less clear. Also, once our human bodies and minds are improved with AI and robotics, what will it mean to be human? From an engineering point of view, these advanced abilities are still very far away. A number of problems need to be overcome. For now, robots and computers are completely dependent on a power source — they require a lot of electricity. Another problem is the complexity of human communication. While a one-off natural language conversation in a specific situation with a robot can feel realistic, communicating with people in many other situations is quite another matter. For example, when you call an artificial lost-and-found robot at an airport, a pleasant conversation is possible because there are only a limited number of goals the caller has. However, in creating a more extended relationship, for example, with a robotic pet, the robot needs to have inner goals, a lot of memory that relates experiences to various situations, and it needs to develop these abilities over time. Through smart tricks, a robot can seem more intelligent than it is. Humans are likely to make sense of the robot’s behaviors in a human way. However, in order to sustain a meaningful relationship which deepens and develops over time, a richer artificial inner life will need to be created. 1．What is the message conveyed in Paragraph 2? A．AI technology is undergoing unexpected reforms. B．People doubt whether artificial beings can replace humans. C．The definition of human will be completely changed soon. D．Social problems may be solved with the development of AI. 2．What can be inferred about AI from Paragraphs 3-4? A．Future robots can operate without electricity. B．Robot pets have a memory linked to previous experiences. C．Gaps exist between technology and advanced AI capabilities. D．People can communicate with robots effectively in any situation. 3．The word “sustain” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_________. A．change B．keep C．develop D．beautify 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Various Factors Restrict Expansion of AI Abilities B．Robot’s Behaviors Are Worthy of Being Understood C．High Technologies Improve the Man-machine Interaction D．Artificial Inner Life Needs Developing for Long-lasting Human-Robot Relations 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过人工智能否取代人类这一疑问展开，作者认为从工程角度来看，这些高级功能还很遥远。文章详细阐述了其中存在的障碍，并指出创造一个广泛的人工内在生活才能让人类与机器人之间保持有意义的、随着时间的推移而加深和发展的关系。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But many of us wonder whether AI will become so intelligent in human communication that the dividing line between human and artificial beings will become less clear. Also, once our human bodies and minds are improved with AI and robotics, what will it mean to be human?(但我们中的许多人都在想，人工智能是否会在人类交流中变得如此智能，以至于人类和人造人之间的分界线会变得不那么清晰。此外，一旦我们的人体和大脑通过人工智能和机器人技术得到了加强，那么作为人类意味着什么？)”可知，第二段所传达的信息是人们怀疑人工生命是否能取代人类。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句到段末“A number of problems need to be overcome. For now, robots and computers are completely dependent on a power source — they require a lot of electricity. Another problem is the complexity of human communication. While a one-off natural language conversation in a specific situation with a robot can feel realistic, communicating with people in many other situations is quite another matter (有许多问题需要克服。目前，机器人和计算机完全依赖于电源——它们需要大量的电力。另一个问题是人类交流的复杂性。虽然在特定情况下与机器人进行一次性的自然语言对话可能会让人感到真实，但在许多其他情况下与人交流则完全是另一回事)”以及第四段第二句“However, in creating a more extended relationship, for example, with a robotic pet, the robot needs to have inner goals, a lot of memory that relates experiences to various situations, and it needs to develop these abilities over time. (然而，在建立更广泛的关系时，例如，与机器人宠物建立关系时，机器人需要有内在目标，有大量的记忆，将经验与各种情况联系起来，并且需要随着时间的推移发展这些能力)”可推知，技术和先进的人工智能能力之间存在差距。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“ However, in creating a more extended relationship, for example, with a robotic pet, the robot needs to have inner goals, a lot of memory that relates experiences to various situations, and it needs to develop these abilities over time.(然而，在建立更广泛的关系时，例如，与机器人宠物建立关系时，机器人需要有内在目标，有大量的记忆，将经验与各种情况联系起来，并且需要随着时间的推移发展这些能力)”以及最后一段最后一句“However, in order to sustain a meaningful relationship which deepens and develops over time, a richer artificial inner life will need to be created.(然而，为了sustain一种随着时间的推移而加深和发展的有意义的关系，需要创造更丰富的人工内心生活)”可知，创造更丰富的人工内心生活是为了sustain关系，而这种关系会随着时间的推移而加深和发展，由句中的“deepens and develops over time”可推知，这种关系一直存在，所以sustain指“保持，维持”，与keep意思相近，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。作者在第二段“Also, once our human bodies and minds are improved with AI and robotics, what will it mean to be human?(此外，一旦我们的人体和大脑通过人工智能和机器人技术得到了加强，那么作为人类意味着什么？)提出问题，然后通过人工智能所面临的障碍以及具体事例阐述“From an engineering point of view, these advanced abilities are still very far away.(从工程角度来看，这些高级功能还很遥远。”再结合最后一段中“However, in order to sustain a meaningful relationship which deepens and develops over time, a richer artificial inner life will need to be created. (然而，为了维持一种随着时间的推移而加深和发展的有意义的关系，需要创造更丰富的人工内心生活)”可知，文章说明了机器人和人工智能发展所需解决的问题，并指出创造更丰富的人工内心生活，才能维持人类与机器人之间不断加深和发展的有意义的关系。由此可知，D选项“Artificial Inner Life Needs Developing for Long-lasting Human-Robot Relations(人类与机器人的长期关系需要人工内在生命的发展)”能概括全文，最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 （22-23高一上·广东广州·期中）Some people think if you are happy, you are blind to reality. But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain. How did we miss this? Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness? Because we assumed you were average. When we study people, scientists are often interested in what the average is. Many people think happiness is genetic. That’s only half the story, because the average person does not fight their genes. When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers -- people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence -- a wildly different picture appears. Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success. Scientifically, happiness is a choice. It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world. If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage. I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”. Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce. A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: increasing sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements. 1．The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to ________. A．the fact that people are happy B．the connection between happiness and educational outcome C．the fact that people often misunderstand happiness D．the fact that most people are average 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Scientists are only interested in what the average is. B．You can choose to be happy or not. C．The average are not happy at all. D．Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness. 3．Why does the writer mention his articles and research? A．To advertise himself. B．To arouse the readers’ interest. C．To support his point about happiness. D．To attract the readers to read his articles. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To describe the misunderstandings about happiness. B．To show people the importance of happiness. C．To make the point of what business and educational outcome lies in. D．To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对“幸福”这一主题展开论述，论述了幸福感的提升对我们日常的经济业务与教育成果有重大益处。 1．词义猜测题。this应指代上文出现的内容。由文章第一段第二句“But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)”可知，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果。故可推知，下文中的this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育结果之间的关系，故选B。 2．推理判断题。由第三段的“Scientifically, happiness is a choice.(科学地说，幸福是一种选择)”和“If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage.(如果你先看消极的一面，你的大脑真的没有余力去看你感激的事情或你工作的意义。但如果你从积极的角度审视这个世界，你就会开始获得惊人的优势)”可知，你如果心态消极，那么你就看不见你所感恩的东西，同样也看不到工作的意义。但是如果你积极的细看这个世界，你会开始获得令人意想不到的益处。通过这两种态度可以得出，幸福就是一个选择，你可以选择快乐你也可以选择悲伤，关键在于你自己，故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段第一、二句“I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”. Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.(我为《哈佛商业评论》杂志撰写了题为“幸福带来好处”的封面故事。根据我的文章《积极的智力》和我在《幸福优势》中的研究，我总结了我们的研究结论：现代经济中最大的单一优势是快乐和忙碌的劳动力)”可推知，作者提及自己写的文章和调查研究，是为了支撑中心论点——幸福感，故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段的“But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)可知，本文主要围绕人的幸福感展开论述，通过人们对幸福的不同理解和作者的佐证，以及利用研究调查得出一重要结论——幸福感可以促进业务和增强教育成果。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了证明为了证明幸福能促进事业和教育成果。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$