专题06 阅读理解之说明文15篇（名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·陕西安康·期中）A French company called SolarSoundSystem is celebrating its 24th year of hosting solar-and-bicycle-powered parties in Europe. Founder Cedric Carles says “it is necessary to perform in public spaces in order to increase the level of general knowledge and catch public concern about climate change.” The solar-powered sound systems started off in Lausanne, Switzerland, but have now taken off in France, Berlin, the Basque region of Spain and Tel Aviv. The principle is simple, during the day batteries are charged by solar energy. These are attached to generators which allow the speakers to function and power the DJ turntables (唱机转盘) too. Impressively, the sound quality is so high that it can provide music for up to 500 people. In terms of how long the music can last, the team explains that even with partial sun clouds, the machines can operate for 5 hours without bicycles and 6 to 8 hours with bicycles. With plenty of sun in the sky, the party can go on until dark. Then at night, party-goers are encouraged to take turns donating pedal power, by riding the bikes to keep the music going. To mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties last year, the eco-friendly sound system released a vinyl record (黑胶唱片) of the electronic artists that have been playing on their systems over the years. The chosen songs pay tribute to the eight international artists who have supported SolarSoundsystem in the past years, such as Jay Ka and Gregorythme. 1．Why are the solar-and-bicycle-powered parties hosted? A．To raise the awareness of environmental protection. B．To stress the importance of donating pedal power. C．To explain the bad effects of climate change. D．To mark the contributions of electronic artists. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The solar-and-bicycle-powered parties have been popular all over the world. B．The vinyl record is released to mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties. C．The music can last 1-3 hours longer with partial sun/clouds with the help of bicycles. D．The batteries are simply charged by solar energy during the night. 3．What does the underlined part “pay tribute to” in para 3 mean? A．Pay attention to. B．Show respect to. C．Attach importance to. D．Make contributions to. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Solar-powered parties are on the rise in Europe. B．SolarSoundSystem celebrates its 24th birthday. C．An eco-friendly company released a vinyl record. D．Humans should be concerned about climate change （23-24高一上·陕西安康·期中）Some people do live longer than others, and we are all curious to know why that is. In fact, scientists think that genes make up about 20-30 percent of our life expectancy (预期寿命). The remaining 70-80 percent is determined by other factors such as lifestyle and environment. Bestselling author, Dan Buettner, set out to learn more about why some people lived longer than others. In 2005 he wrote an article about it called The Secrets of Living Longer. He had found, five places where people lived a longer life. He called them Blue Zones, because when he and his team found such places, they drew a blue line around them on the map. The locations were found in Italy, Japan, California, Costa Rica and Greece. Each of the Blue Zones has common characteristics. Most of the people there eat a plant-based diet. They seldom eat meat more than five times a month. It is also a common factor that the Italians and Greeks often drink a glass of red wine with their meals, but no more than one. They also found that most residents (居民) of the Blue Zones get seven hours’ sleep every day. Having a nap (打盹) in the afternoon is also popular. But before you head off to your bedroom for a post-lunch nap, researchers have found that napping for more than 30 minutes is not good for you. As you would expect, exercise is important as well. For Blue Zone residents though, this does not mean heading off to the gym. Most of them are involved in some way with labor work. They are often farmers working in the fields. One final area of interest about the people who live in the Blue Zones: many of them live in close-knit families, the older generations living with their younger children. Perhaps as they spend time together, the older Blue Zoners pass on tips for a long life to their grandchildren and great-grandchildren. 1．What did Dan Buettner hope to find out in 2005? A．The reasons for a long life. B．The trend in people’s lifestyles. C．The situation of the global environment. D．The development of human healthcare. 2．What is mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．Eating habits. B．Labor work. C．Sleeping patterns. D．Regular exercise 3．What do we know about Blue Zoners according to the text? A．They eat meat quite often. B．They often do labor work. C．They have a one-hour nap every day. D．They drink white wine with their meal. 4．What does the underlined part “close-knit families” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Families with many children. B．Families with few elderly members. C．Families that share the same diets. D．Families that have strong relationships. （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）“Second place is just the first loser” is a well-known saying from the legendary NASCAR champion Dale Eamhardt. Or as my father put it jokingly, “It’s not enough to win. Your friends have to lose too.” We may not want others to know our thoughts, but many of us think this way, because we are born to compete with each other. However, if left unmanaged, this can create disagreements between ourselves and others. Fortunately, there is a way to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, aim for the bronze (铜牌) . To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, let’s put it another way: although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner, at least when it comes to happiness. A 1995 study discovered that bronze winners appeared happier on average than silver medalists, while another research in 2018 studied U.S. athletes in the Olympics from 1904 to 1936 and found that those whose best performance was silver lived to 72 on average. Gold medalists beat this by living to 76 But the first prize went to the bronze winners, who lived to 78. The social concepts of upward and downward comparison help explain the difference. Silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they compare themselves only with the champions. However, the bronze winners compare downwards with those who have never made it onto the podium at all. Therefore, they feel better about themselves and thus, happier. The feeling shows up in improved health. In fact, researchers have found that comparing ourselves with the unfortunate ones can help prevent a negative mood. The comparison is not from a feeling of ill will, but because rewards in life are relative (相对的). The worldly happiness strategy of working for gold every day is foolish. Stop spending most of your time feeling like a silver medalist or always relying your happiness on a single result. Rather, aim for healthy competitions in which you do your best without the expectation of being the top winner. 1．What will be influenced by the type of medal one receives? A．Wisdom. B．Lifetime. C．Wealth. D．Recovery. 2．What does the underlined word “podium” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The place to receive the awards. B．The place to meet his or her fans. C．The place to build up one’s body. D．The place to have the competitions. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Who Is the Real Winner? B．How to Win a Gold Medal? C．Should We Work for Gold? D．Is It Difficult to Win? 4．Who might be attracted by this article? A．Athletes. B．Reporters. C．Doctors. D．Soldiers. （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）More and more travellers in China nowadays prefer homestays rather than traditional hotels, as they seek private living experiences. The house-sharing model was first introduced by the website Couchsurfing.com in 2003. It is still the largest website for travellers to find accommodation (食宿) without much money to spend. Encouraged by her great experience of homestays in France, Maggita, 30 considered short-term hire as her first choice in her future trips. She later went back to her hometown Shanghai and ran a “shared accommodation” business. For travellers, the short-term hire idea enables them to rent a special room at a reasonable price and also enjoy a first and experience of the local culture, compared with traditional hotels. For owners, they can gain much with daily rental. Now Maggita has quit her last job in an IT company and become a host of some 20 homestays, which enables her to earn a monthly income of around 40,000-50,000 yuan. In recent years, China has see n many homestay booking websites such as Xiaozhu and Tujia. Chen Chi, the founder and CEO of Xiaozhu, said the model is to share rooms or apartments that are not in use with people who need them. Instead of the traditional view that Chinese people feel uncomfortable living with strangers. Chen found that a large number of travellers got along well with house owners. However, experts have pointed out a series of problems brought about by the fashion. Lacking supervision (监管) to those accommodation sharing websites, the service quality and accommodation safety cannot be guaranteed. Experts suggest that the online websites should closely work together with communities and local police stations to improve the services. 1．Why do tourists choose homestays instead of hotels while travelling? A．Because it is the most popular way to travel. B．Because it is a great way to save money. C．Because it is a better way to enjoy privacy. D．Because it will provide more convenience. 2．What inspired Maggita to start the business? A．Her hometown’s business. B．The website Couch surfing.com. C．Her own life experience. D．Her choice of future trips. 3．What do we know about the short-term hire idea? A．Travellers will feel anxious living with house owners. B．Travellers can get some rental when leaving the homestays. C．Travellers have to share the same room with house owners. D．Travellers and house owners can both benefit from it. 4．What’s experts’ attitude towards homestays? A．Supportive. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期中）A good vegan milk (纯素奶) needs to look like milk and taste like milk, whether it contains fat or not. Vegan milk is only one example in the growing types of plant-based alternatives (替代品) to animal products, such as meat, cheese, eggs and fish. Burger King and McDonald’s sell vegan pies. Last year the world’s largest producer of canned tuna, Thai Union, began to sell a plant-based product. Growing sales show the growing taste for this type of food, which means alternative proteins have come a long way since 1980s. Producing techniques have been improved, resulting in better products and lower prices of them, which meet the needs of a growing number of people. Some vegetarians say no to meat, but yes to fish. Some people are trying to cut fat for health reasons. Fitness lovers want to develop muscular mass and strength without building up fat. Concerns about animal rights and greenhouse gas from raising livestock (家畜) are driving the environmentalists to limit their intake of animal-based proteins. As is reported, producing a gram of beef gives off 25 times the amount of greenhouse gas as producing a gram of tofu. However, plant-based proteins are a tough sell in giant markets like India, where diets are already plant-rich, or Nigeria, where meat-eating is a sign of being rich. That limits their global popularity. What’s more, animal products, including milk and meat, are better for children’s bone development, though lab-grown meat and dairy are becoming more nutritious. All this suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind. Plant-based foods may no longer be only a side dish in diets, but their makers’ place as the main dish is another matter. 1．Why does the author mention vegan milk in the first paragraph? A．To encourage a healthy diet. B．To show people’s growing taste. C．To stress the importance of milk. D．To introduce the topic of the passage. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Ways to meet the needs of people. B．Benefits of animal-based products. C．Results of improved producing techniques. D．Reasons for choosing plant-based products. 3．Why are plant-based products unpopular in India? A．Indian Diets are rich in plant. B．Eating meat means being rich. C．Plant-based products are produced in labs. D．Plant-based products are bad for children. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards plant-based proteins? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）Most people know the feeling when you walk into a lift with other people. A study has found that where people stand is based on their social position on entering the lift. Rebekah Rousi, a Ph. D, did a study of lift behavior in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide, Australia. As part of her research, she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings, and discovered there was a fixed order about where people chose to stand. In her research paper, she wrote that more senior men seemed to walk straight towards the back of the lift. She said, “In front of them were younger men and women of all ages.” She also noticed there was a difference in the direction where people look during the ride. “Men watched the monitors, looked in the side mirrors (in one building) to see themselves, and in the door mirrors (in the other building) to watch others. Women would watch the monitors and avoid looking into others’ eyes (unless in conversations) and the mirrors.” Rebekah Rousi concluded that shyer people stand toward the front, where they won’t see other passengers, while fearless people stand in the back, where they have a good view of everyone else. 1．According to the study, where people stand in a lift is determined by . A．other passengers B．the monitors C．their social position D．others’ position 2．Who may be likely to go to the front of the lift? A．Fearless people. B．Senior men. C．Middle-aged men. D．Younger women. 3．What can be learned from the passage? A．The order in which people stand in a lift is fixed. B．Few people feel embarrassed with strangers in a lift. C．Women like watching themselves in the side mirrors. D．Fearless people stand in the back to avoid seeing others. 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A newspaper. B．A brochure. C．A travel guide. D．A lift instruction. （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）The unusual whistle language used as a means of communication by villagers in the remote and mountainous northern Turkey has been added to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The language is a highly developed high-pitched system of whistling to communicate in rugged (崎岖的) areas where people mostly cannot see each other. It can allow people to communicate across great distances, up to 5 kilometers. Compared with other similar whistle languages in Spain’s Canary Islands, in Mexico, or in Greek villages, it has a higher tone and larger vocabulary. This unusual form of communication, which dates from some 500 years ago, was born from sheer necessity and widespread across the Black Sea regions. But 50 years ago, it suffered the impact of the progression of technology and nowadays the rapid growth of cellular mobile systems has put this cultural heritage under serious threat. For centuries, the language has been passed on from grandparents to parents, from parents to children. Now, though, many of its most proficient (精通的) speakers who use their tongue, teeth and fingers are aging and all becoming physically weak. Young people are no longer interested in learning the language or in finding ways to update its vocabulary with new words, and in a few generations it may be gone for good. “Our bird language is very convenient and efficient to communicate across the valleys. It has many benefits over yelling, which is bad for our throats,”said Avni Kocek, head of the bird village adding that despite setbacks because of technology, “Bird language is still used by many of us. Whistle language is transmitted from our elders to us and we have the duty to transmit it to our children. We are making efforts to keep our culture alive through the annual Bird Language Festival. ” Besides, the bird language has been required to be taught at primary schools since 2014 by district authorities in order to instill (灌输) the practice in younger generations. 1．What is the bird language’s advantage over other similar whistle languages? A．It is used as a means of communication. B．It is older and has a larger number of users. C．It is a completely different system of whistling. D．It has a higher tone and larger vocabulary. 2．What’s the biggest threat to the bird language? A．Other whistle languages are more effectively protected. B．The necessity to use it in everyday life is disappearing. C．Many of its most proficient speakers are growing old. D．Young people find it too difficult to learn well enough. 3．What’s the effective measure so far taken to protect the bird language? A．It has become a subject at primary schools. B．Bird Language Festival is celebrated every month. C．Cellular mobile systems are not allowed in the area. D．All parents are required to transmit it to their children. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Celebrating the Bird Language Festival B．The Story of a Bird Language Speaker C．Preserving the Endangered Bird Language D．The Disappearance of Bird Language （23-24高一上·湖北武汉·期中）As the extreme heat waves now affecting parts of Europe, Asia and the US make clear, homes in any area of the would badly need to be changed to help deal with a hotter climate. The quickest, simplest solution is to equip (安装) air conditioning. But this would lead to a huge increase in electricity demand, researchers warn, driving further climate change. “If our homes are overheated and the first solution that we run to is air conditioners, that is going to dry up our energy systems,” said Miranda, a researcher from Oxford University. A greener solution would be to develop “passive cooling” technologies, which don’t require large energy inputs. Bertie Ozarisoy from Middle East Technical University found a special home built in 2015, Userhuus, had a “severe overheating risk” during the summer. Using computer models of the house, he found that adding a wind catcher was the most effective for reducing indoor temperatures. Wind catchers get the cooler wind from high above the ground and direct it into the building, pushing out the warmer air inside the house. However, although wind catchers could be easy to fit to new homes, equipping them is likely to be expensive. Further research showed that opening windows at night and pulling down shades during the day can lower indoor air temperatures by 14C during a heatwave. “Most heat in a home comes from two sources; first, people and equipment they use, and second, solar heat gain through windows.” Says Bertie. “Hot outside air is actually a very small source.” “The important thing is to open up the entire house at night, to open the windows as soon as outdoor air is cooler than indoor air, and to leave them open all night until the next morning. Close them only when the outdoor air temperature rises.” he added. Blocking sunlight from entering the home is therefore an effective way to keep temperatures under control. 1．What is Miranda’s attitude towards equipping air conditioning? A．Uncaring. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. 2．What might be a disadvantage of a wind catcher? A．Its high cost. B．Its poor effect. C．Its ugly design. D．Its equipping problem. 3．According to Bertie Ozarisoy, most heat in a home comes from __________. A．hot outside air B．people’s activities C．air-conditioning system D．poorly-designed windows 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Sources of Heat B．Reasons for Heatwaves C．How to Keep Homes Cool D．How to Equip Air Conditioners （23-24高一上·山东青岛·期中）Facebook is widely used in the US, Britain and many other countries. But should children under 13 be allowed to use it? Well, whether children under 13 are allowed to use it or not, many of them are doing that. They use it to find out what shopping center to meet in after school tomorrow and what park to hang out in on Saturday afternoon. Under-13s might not have Facebook accounts, both here and in the US, but that hasn’t stopped hundreds of thousands of them from using dates of birth which are not true to start an account. Yes, of course parents like me worry that means our kids are at risk of both being bullied (欺凌) and of bullying others. But the important thing to realize here is that bullying takes place in the school lunch hall or on the playground. No one is trying to stop under-13s from those places, right? Some fear that their children are prey (受害者) for bad people on Facebook. Again, does your kid travel alone or go to a shopping center without you? Most children do from the time they go to high school. And just as you teach them the rules for staying safe when they’re out and alone, you teach them the rules for staying safe online. Facebook is about what life is about, which is connecting with others. When children are young, we supervise (监管) them. As they get older, we trust them to connect without us around all the time. And what Facebook does is to teach our kids a language that will surely be important to their future, because today’s children are going to be interacting (互动) online with friends, and in the future business partners and customers for the rest of their lives. Why, when we’re trying to educate them in useful skills on other fronts, hold them back on this one? 1．According to the passage, many under-13s have Facebook accounts because they . A．could open accounts using untrue information B．are no longer limited to own them C．ask their parents to open accounts for them D．can buy accounts from others 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Bullying on Facebook isn’t scary at all. B．Bullying hardly takes place on Facebook. C．Parents cannot stop children from using Facebook. D．Facebook is just one more place where bullying happens. 3．By mentioning children go to a shopping center alone, the author means that . A．kids can keep away from dangers themselves B．it’s very dangerous for kids to do that C．kids should be taught online safety rules D．it’s impossible to keep children away from Facebook 4．Which is the best title of this passage? A．The Dangers of Social Media for Kids B．Should Under-13s Be Allowed on Facebook? C．Why Do Kids Love Facebook? D．Rules for Online Safety （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期中）For many years, a great number of scientists have accepted the idea that dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid (小行星), but another idea is now gaining attention. New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs. About 66 million years ago, an asteroid hit the earth. The impact caused earthquakes and tsunamis(very large sea wave). Many scientists believe this allowed about 75% of all plants and animals on the earth to die off, including dinosaurs. Now researchers from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire believe that the asteroid alone did not cause the mass extinction (灭绝) but that volcanoes may also have played a part. A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash (火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies. The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. The team called the eruption and asteroid a double-punch, which had dinosaurs wiped out from the planet completely. There have been several mass extinctions, including the one that killed dinosaurs. Some of the other extinctions were caused by volcanoes, which supports the new idea that a volcano could have been involved in this one. Brenhin Keller said it is difficult to be sure which volcanic eruption caused which mass extinction. But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.” 1．According to new research, what may contribute to the extinction of dinosaurs? A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Tsunamis. D．Asteroid impacts. 2．What does the third paragraph focus on? A．Why volcanic rocks are formed. B．When dinosaurs became extinct. C．Where volcanic eruptions happen. D．How volcanoes killed dinosaurs. 3．Which strongly proved the new finding of dinosaur extinction? A．One extremely large volcano erupted with lava. B．Dinosaurs died out when basalt rocks formed. C．Volcano lava and ash were harmful to dinosaurs. D．Many asteroids hit the earth 66 million years ago. 4．What is Keller’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Negative. （23-24高一上·辽宁丹东·期中）Trees take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in complex molecules (分子), releasing oxygen. The more photosynthesis (光合作用), the more carbon is locked away. Carbon dioxide is a major driver of climate change, so the more that can be taken out of the atmosphere by plants, the better. With the warmer climate leading to a longer growing season, some researchers have suggested that more carbon dioxide would be absorbed by trees and other plants than in previous times. But a new study has changed this theory and could have profound effects on how we adapt to climate change. The researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology studied the degree to which the timing of colour changes in autumn tree leaves was determined by the growth of the plants in the previous spring and summer. Using data from the Pan European Phenology Project, which has tracked some trees for as long as 65 years, the researchers found in their long-term observational study that as the rate of photosynthesis increased, leaves changed colour and fell earlier in the year. For every 10%d increase in photosynthetic activity over the spring and summer growing season, trees shed their leaves, on average, eight days earlier. This research shows that deciduous (每年落叶的) trees can only absorb a set amount of carbon each year and once that limit is reached, no more can be absorbed. At that point, leaves begin to change colour. This limit is set by the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (氮气), and the physical structure of the plant itself, particularly the inner vessels which move water and dissolved nutrients around. Nitrogen is a key nutrient which plants need in order to grow, and it’s often the amount of available nitrogen that limits total growth. This is why farmers and gardeners use nitrogen fertilisers (肥料) to overcome this limitation. It suggests that by 2100, when tree growing seasons are expected to be between 22 and 34 days longer, leaves will fall from trees between three and six days earlier than they do now. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．More carbon dioxide has been absorbed by plants than before. B．Higher temperature has an influence on plants’ growing season. C．Climate change can be solved naturally through photosynthesis. D．Plants can give off oxygen and molecules through photosynthesis. 2．How many days earlier may leaves averagely fall with 20% increase in photosynthesis? A．Eight days. B．Sixteen days. C．Twenty-eight days. D．Thirty-four days. 3．What does the underlined word “vessels” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Basins. B．Wells. C．Containers D．Channels. 4．What does the author mainly intend to inform us? A．Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growing. B．Warmer climate contributes to longer growing season. C．Farmers use fertilizers to increase the growth of plants. D．The amount of carbon plants absorb is limited in a year. （23-24高一上·湖北黄冈·期中）Search and rescue teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s superior sense of smell can be of importance to finding survivors buried(埋) under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat. These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing homemade prototype backpacks (背包) that contain microphones, video equipment, and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris (模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims (受害者) buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet, we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually expand and increase the complexity(复杂性) in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed building site. The training just started, and researchers still have to run training trials(实验) outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials. 1．What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A．They are easier to train. B．They have a better sense of smell. C．They are more flexible with a smaller size. D．They adapt to new environments more quickly. 2．What does the underlined word “comparable” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．impressive. B．suitable. C．unique. D．similar. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of training the rats. B．The difficulty of conducting experiments. C．The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D．The importance of the research environment. 4．What will scientists plan to do next? A．Use rats for rescue work in large numbers. B．Send rats to Turkey for field experiments. C．Carry out further study on disaster prevention. D．Develop the tracking technology to assist GEA． （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Will printed newspapers disappear one day? It’s quite possible. Here are some reasons. First of all, printed newspapers aren’t the only way to get information. You can find the information on the Internet. Besides, you can read a lot of information online for free, which makes the Internet even more attractive. Lots of people are becoming Internet users, and most of Internet users read news online. For example, I usually get new information about events that happen in the world by reading short messages on Twitter. As far as I know, students in our university hardly read newspapers. One can argue that older generations may have been used to reading printed newspapers and do not want to change anything, but research proves the opposite. According to a study, the number of Internet users between the ages of 70 and 75 has increased from 26% to 45% within four years. Where do newspapers get their money? The answer is “advertisers”. But will advertisers continue to put ads in printed newspapers that are unlikely to be popular with the public? It is unwise to print ads in a newspaper, especially when you have a lot of other opportunities. Online advertisements are becoming more and more prevalent. After all, it is easier to track how many clicks have been made on this link than to find out how many people have actually read a newspaper and paid attention to advertisements. Moreover, printed newspapers have some effects on our environment. Tons of wood are needed to produce the papers, and lots of electricity and fuel can be used to transport them. 1．What does the author want to show by mentioning the study in Paragraph 3? A．Printed newspapers are losing their readers. B．Old people have difficulty accepting new things. C．Printed newspapers are the main source of news for people. D．Old people enjoy the feeling of reading a printed newspaper. 2．What does the underlined word “prevalent” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Interesting. B．Expensive. C．Popular. D．Confusing. 3．What can we infer about printed newspapers from the last paragraph? A．They have great advantages. B．They are important to people. C．They are a cheap way to get news. D．They are not environmentally-friendly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why printed newspapers may disappear. B．How the Internet changes people’s way of reading. C．How printed newspapers influence people’s lifestyles. D．Why the Internet is more popular than printed newspapers. （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期中）Restaurants and food shops not satisfying the government hygiene standards can lose their licenses or permits under a demerit (记过) system introduced by the Urban Council. Health officials can give demerits in the form of points and food shops can be closed either for a short period of time or forever if they reach the demerit limit. Fifteen points within a 12-month period will result in a food shop being closed for four days. If another 15 points are collected within a year of a first offence, the food shop will be closed for a week. Ten more points collected within a year of the second offence will mean being closed for 14 days. Being closed one more time and another 10 points within 12 months will result in a license being cancelled and the food shop closed. On the other hand, if a food shop has a clean sheet for a year, it can start all over again. Demerit points are given according to the seriousness of the hygiene offence. Very serious offences earn 15 points, for example, selling polluted food which is harmful to health, watering down milk or injecting (meat with water. Serious offences carry a 10-point punishment and include illegally doing business beyond licensed areas, employing workers likely to spread disease, or failing to keep the food shop or equipment clean. Major offenses include selling food containing something that is not allowed or facing the risk of being polluted by rats and pests. Such offense carries 5 demerit points. So do having dirty fish tanks and having a lot of rubbish. Moderate offenses carrying three demerit points include allowing a dog in the food shop and failing to sterilize (消毒) wet towels. To raise cleanliness awareness among restaurant operators, the Urban Council holds a Restaurant Hygiene Competition every year. Restaurants are judged by Urban Council judges according to environmental, food and worker hygiene, cleanliness of kitchens, equipment and toilets. This year, more than 5, 000 restaurants were judged and 450 restaurants with the city area of Hong Kong satisfied the government hygiene standards. 1．What does the underlined word “offence” probably mean? A．A dirty restaurant. B．An illegal act. C．A big mistake. D．A long delay. 2．Which offence carries the lowest demerit points? A．Watering down milk. B．Selling polluted food. C．Allowing a dog in the food shop. D．Having dirty fish tanks. 3．Which of the following is a shop with “a clean sheet”? A．A shop becoming clean all over. B．A shop admitting it is wrong. C．A shop taken over by a new owner. D．A shop without any new demerit points. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce a demerit system. B．To raise awareness of healthy food. C．To support the Urban Council. D．To advertise for restaurants in Hong Kong. （23-24高一上·山东烟台·期中）People who have trouble walking or moving around often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new solution called Seatrac, which allows people in wheelchairs to get into the water on their own. Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving walkway that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water; or go for a swim. The chair can be controlled from a long distance. When the person is ready to get out of the water, the Seatrac system (系统) brings the chair back to the top of the walkway. Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend expressed his enjoyment of the sea but disliked being carried into the ocean like “a bag of potatoes”. Fotiou realized there must be a way to make it easier for wheelchair users to get into the water. He worked with his partners to design the system, finally forming a company called TOBEA to build and sell the system. TOBEA works on making the system simple to put in place and easy to control. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach Seatrac. The system is solar-powered (太阳能) and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Seatrac system can be easily packed up and stored when the swimming season ends. Greece has decided to open 287 beaches for people with disabilities. 140 beaches have set up the system and the remaining 147 will build the system in the future. The new Seatrac service is being provided for free to help attract more tourists to the country. TOBEA will offer a website showing where beaches with the special service can be found. Thanks to Seatrac, more and more people who use wheelchairs will have the chance to cool down with a swim in the sea. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why Seatrac is well received. B．How Seatrac works. C．Why Seatrac needs hand control. D．How Seatrac is developed. 2．What can we know about the Seatrac system? A．It’s expensive to use. B．It can be used all year round. C．It’s environmentally friendly. D．It requires a large storage space. 3．What do the numbers in the last paragraph show? A．The new service is promising. B．The system is highly praised by the old. C．The government has made much money. D．The practice is being copied around the world. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fotiou: An Inventor Helping the Disabled B．Seatrac: Helping Wheelchair Users Enjoy the Sea. C．TOBEA Is a Famous Factory Producing Wheelchairs D．Greece Has Built Moving Walkways for the Disabled 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·陕西安康·期中）A French company called SolarSoundSystem is celebrating its 24th year of hosting solar-and-bicycle-powered parties in Europe. Founder Cedric Carles says “it is necessary to perform in public spaces in order to increase the level of general knowledge and catch public concern about climate change.” The solar-powered sound systems started off in Lausanne, Switzerland, but have now taken off in France, Berlin, the Basque region of Spain and Tel Aviv. The principle is simple, during the day batteries are charged by solar energy. These are attached to generators which allow the speakers to function and power the DJ turntables (唱机转盘) too. Impressively, the sound quality is so high that it can provide music for up to 500 people. In terms of how long the music can last, the team explains that even with partial sun clouds, the machines can operate for 5 hours without bicycles and 6 to 8 hours with bicycles. With plenty of sun in the sky, the party can go on until dark. Then at night, party-goers are encouraged to take turns donating pedal power, by riding the bikes to keep the music going. To mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties last year, the eco-friendly sound system released a vinyl record (黑胶唱片) of the electronic artists that have been playing on their systems over the years. The chosen songs pay tribute to the eight international artists who have supported SolarSoundsystem in the past years, such as Jay Ka and Gregorythme. 1．Why are the solar-and-bicycle-powered parties hosted? A．To raise the awareness of environmental protection. B．To stress the importance of donating pedal power. C．To explain the bad effects of climate change. D．To mark the contributions of electronic artists. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The solar-and-bicycle-powered parties have been popular all over the world. B．The vinyl record is released to mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties. C．The music can last 1-3 hours longer with partial sun/clouds with the help of bicycles. D．The batteries are simply charged by solar energy during the night. 3．What does the underlined part “pay tribute to” in para 3 mean? A．Pay attention to. B．Show respect to. C．Attach importance to. D．Make contributions to. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Solar-powered parties are on the rise in Europe. B．SolarSoundSystem celebrates its 24th birthday. C．An eco-friendly company released a vinyl record. D．Humans should be concerned about climate change 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的环保的聚会方式——太阳能自行车驱动的聚会的起源、目的和工作原理等。 1．细节理解题 根据第一段“Founder Cedric Carles says “it is necessary to perform in public spaces in order to increase the level of general knowledge and catch public concern about climate change.”(创始人塞德里克·卡尔斯说：“为了提高公众知识水平，引起公众对气候变化的关注，有必要在公共场所表演。”)”可知，聚会的目的是提升人们环保意识和引起人们对气候变化的关注。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties last year, the eco-friendly sound system released a vinyl record (黑胶唱片) of the electronic artists that have been playing on their systems over the years.(为了纪念去年的派对23周年，环保音响系统发行了一张黑胶唱片，收录了多年来在他们的系统上演奏的电子艺术家)”可推知，这张黑胶唱片是为了纪念派对23周年而发行的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“who have supported SolarSoundsystem in the past years”可知，这8个艺术家过去几年非常支持太阳能声控系统，所以被选中的歌曲表达了对他们的尊敬，故划线词意思是“对……表示尊敬”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A French company called SolarSoundSystem is celebrating its 24th year of hosting solar-and-bicycle-powered parties in Europe.(一家名为SolarSoundSystem的法国公司正在庆祝其在欧洲举办太阳能和自行车派对的第24个年头)”结合文章主要介绍了一种新型的环保的聚会方式——太阳能自行车驱动的聚会在欧洲开始流行起来以及聚会的起源、目的和工作原理等，A选项“太阳能派对在欧洲正在兴起”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （23-24高一上·陕西安康·期中）Some people do live longer than others, and we are all curious to know why that is. In fact, scientists think that genes make up about 20-30 percent of our life expectancy (预期寿命). The remaining 70-80 percent is determined by other factors such as lifestyle and environment. Bestselling author, Dan Buettner, set out to learn more about why some people lived longer than others. In 2005 he wrote an article about it called The Secrets of Living Longer. He had found, five places where people lived a longer life. He called them Blue Zones, because when he and his team found such places, they drew a blue line around them on the map. The locations were found in Italy, Japan, California, Costa Rica and Greece. Each of the Blue Zones has common characteristics. Most of the people there eat a plant-based diet. They seldom eat meat more than five times a month. It is also a common factor that the Italians and Greeks often drink a glass of red wine with their meals, but no more than one. They also found that most residents (居民) of the Blue Zones get seven hours’ sleep every day. Having a nap (打盹) in the afternoon is also popular. But before you head off to your bedroom for a post-lunch nap, researchers have found that napping for more than 30 minutes is not good for you. As you would expect, exercise is important as well. For Blue Zone residents though, this does not mean heading off to the gym. Most of them are involved in some way with labor work. They are often farmers working in the fields. One final area of interest about the people who live in the Blue Zones: many of them live in close-knit families, the older generations living with their younger children. Perhaps as they spend time together, the older Blue Zoners pass on tips for a long life to their grandchildren and great-grandchildren. 1．What did Dan Buettner hope to find out in 2005? A．The reasons for a long life. B．The trend in people’s lifestyles. C．The situation of the global environment. D．The development of human healthcare. 2．What is mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A．Eating habits. B．Labor work. C．Sleeping patterns. D．Regular exercise 3．What do we know about Blue Zoners according to the text? A．They eat meat quite often. B．They often do labor work. C．They have a one-hour nap every day. D．They drink white wine with their meal. 4．What does the underlined part “close-knit families” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Families with many children. B．Families with few elderly members. C．Families that share the same diets. D．Families that have strong relationships. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了著名作家 Dan Buttner对人类长寿的秘诀做了研究并总结出了更加健康的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Bestselling author, Dan Buettner, set out to learn more about why some people lived longer than others.(畅销书作家Dan Buettner开始研究为什么有些人比其他人更长寿)”可知，Dan Buttner希望发现人类长寿的秘诀，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“They also found that most residents (居民) of the Blue Zones get seven hours’ sleep every day. Having a nap (打盹) in the afternoon is also popular. But before you head off to your bedroom for a post-lunch nap, researchers have found that napping for more than 30 minutes is not good for you.(他们还发现，蓝色地带的大多数居民每天睡眠时间为7小时。下午打个盹也很受欢迎。但在你去卧室午睡之前，研究人员发现，午睡超过30分钟对你没有好处)”可知，第四题提到了蓝区居民的人的睡眠模式，故选C。 3．细节理解题 根据倒数第二段“As you would expect, exercise is important as well. For Blue Zone residents though, this does not mean heading off to the gym. Most of them are involved in some way with labor work. They are often farmers working in the fields.(正如你所料，锻炼也很重要。不过，对于蓝区居民来说，这并不意味着要去健身房。他们中的大多数人都以某种方式参与了劳动。他们通常是在地里干活的农民)”可知，长寿地区的人经常参与体力劳动，故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the older generations living with their younger children(老一辈和年幼的孩子住在一起)”可知，老区居民老一辈和年幼的孩子住在一起，说明生活在关系密切的家庭中，故close-knit families 意为“成员关系密切的大家庭”，故选D。 （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）“Second place is just the first loser” is a well-known saying from the legendary NASCAR champion Dale Eamhardt. Or as my father put it jokingly, “It’s not enough to win. Your friends have to lose too.” We may not want others to know our thoughts, but many of us think this way, because we are born to compete with each other. However, if left unmanaged, this can create disagreements between ourselves and others. Fortunately, there is a way to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, aim for the bronze (铜牌) . To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, let’s put it another way: although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner, at least when it comes to happiness. A 1995 study discovered that bronze winners appeared happier on average than silver medalists, while another research in 2018 studied U.S. athletes in the Olympics from 1904 to 1936 and found that those whose best performance was silver lived to 72 on average. Gold medalists beat this by living to 76 But the first prize went to the bronze winners, who lived to 78. The social concepts of upward and downward comparison help explain the difference. Silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they compare themselves only with the champions. However, the bronze winners compare downwards with those who have never made it onto the podium at all. Therefore, they feel better about themselves and thus, happier. The feeling shows up in improved health. In fact, researchers have found that comparing ourselves with the unfortunate ones can help prevent a negative mood. The comparison is not from a feeling of ill will, but because rewards in life are relative (相对的). The worldly happiness strategy of working for gold every day is foolish. Stop spending most of your time feeling like a silver medalist or always relying your happiness on a single result. Rather, aim for healthy competitions in which you do your best without the expectation of being the top winner. 1．What will be influenced by the type of medal one receives? A．Wisdom. B．Lifetime. C．Wealth. D．Recovery. 2．What does the underlined word “podium” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The place to receive the awards. B．The place to meet his or her fans. C．The place to build up one’s body. D．The place to have the competitions. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Who Is the Real Winner? B．How to Win a Gold Medal? C．Should We Work for Gold? D．Is It Difficult to Win? 4．Who might be attracted by this article? A．Athletes. B．Reporters. C．Doctors. D．Soldiers. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过分析获的奖牌对人生的影响说明谁才是最大的赢家。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A 1995 study discovered that bronze winners appeared happier on average than silver medalists, while another research in 2018 studied U.S. athletes in the Olympics from 1904 to 1936 and found that those whose best performance was silver lived to 72 on average. Gold medalists beat this by living to 76 But the first prize went to the bronze winners, who lived to 78.(1995年的一项研究发现，铜牌获得者平均比银牌获得者更快乐，而2018年的另一项研究调查了1904年至1936年参加奥运会的美国运动员，发现那些最好成绩是银牌的人平均寿命为72岁。金牌得主战胜了这一障碍，他们活到了76岁。但第一名是铜牌得主，他们活到了78岁。)”可知，2018年的一项研究发现，金牌得主的平均寿命是78岁，铜牌得主的平均寿命是76岁，而银牌得主的寿命平均为72岁，由此可知，获得的奖牌的类型影响到人的人生。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they compare themselves only with the champions.(银牌获得者认为自己是第一个失败者，因为他们只把自己和冠军比较。)”可知，银牌获得者总是与冠军相比，觉得自己是最大的失败者，结合“However, the bronze winners compare downwards with those who have never made it onto…(然而，铜牌获得者与那些从未登上……)”可推测，铜牌获得者是向下与那些从没有登台领奖的人进行比较，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“领奖台”意义相近。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据首段中的““Second place is just the first loser” is a well-known saying from the legendary NASCAR champion Dale Eamhardt.(“第二名只是最大的失败者”是传奇的纳斯卡冠军戴尔·埃姆哈特的名言。)”可知，本文饮用传奇人物的名言“第二是最大的失败者”引出本文论述的话题，结合下文中的介绍的一些研究发现，获得铜牌的人比获得银牌的人要幸福，寿命更长，根据尾段中的“Stop spending most of your time feeling like a silver medalist or always relying your happiness on a single result. Rather, aim for healthy competitions in which you do your best without the expectation of being the top winner.(不要把你的大部分时间都花在银牌得主的感觉上，或者总是把你的快乐寄托在一个单一的结果上。相反，要以健康的比赛为目标，在比赛中尽你最大的努力，而不是期望成为冠军。)”可知，作者建议，要把健康的比赛作为目标，在比赛时尽力而不是期望成为冠军，综合以上信息可知，本文主要论述的是谁才是最大的赢家，所以题目“谁是最大的赢家”概括了本文的主题，适合为最佳的标题。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Stop spending most of your time feeling like a silver medalist or always relying your happiness on a single result. Rather, aim for healthy competitions in which you do your best without the expectation of being the top winner.(不要把你的大部分时间都花在银牌得主的感觉上，或者总是把你的快乐寄托在一个单一的结果上。相反，要以健康的比赛为目标，在比赛中尽你最大的努力，而不是期望成为冠军。)”可知，作者建议，比赛不要总是期望成为冠军，只需要在比赛时尽力，把健康的比赛作为目标，由此可知，本文应该会更吸引运动员。故选A项。 （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·期中）More and more travellers in China nowadays prefer homestays rather than traditional hotels, as they seek private living experiences. The house-sharing model was first introduced by the website Couchsurfing.com in 2003. It is still the largest website for travellers to find accommodation (食宿) without much money to spend. Encouraged by her great experience of homestays in France, Maggita, 30 considered short-term hire as her first choice in her future trips. She later went back to her hometown Shanghai and ran a “shared accommodation” business. For travellers, the short-term hire idea enables them to rent a special room at a reasonable price and also enjoy a first and experience of the local culture, compared with traditional hotels. For owners, they can gain much with daily rental. Now Maggita has quit her last job in an IT company and become a host of some 20 homestays, which enables her to earn a monthly income of around 40,000-50,000 yuan. In recent years, China has see n many homestay booking websites such as Xiaozhu and Tujia. Chen Chi, the founder and CEO of Xiaozhu, said the model is to share rooms or apartments that are not in use with people who need them. Instead of the traditional view that Chinese people feel uncomfortable living with strangers. Chen found that a large number of travellers got along well with house owners. However, experts have pointed out a series of problems brought about by the fashion. Lacking supervision (监管) to those accommodation sharing websites, the service quality and accommodation safety cannot be guaranteed. Experts suggest that the online websites should closely work together with communities and local police stations to improve the services. 1．Why do tourists choose homestays instead of hotels while travelling? A．Because it is the most popular way to travel. B．Because it is a great way to save money. C．Because it is a better way to enjoy privacy. D．Because it will provide more convenience. 2．What inspired Maggita to start the business? A．Her hometown’s business. B．The website Couch surfing.com. C．Her own life experience. D．Her choice of future trips. 3．What do we know about the short-term hire idea? A．Travellers will feel anxious living with house owners. B．Travellers can get some rental when leaving the homestays. C．Travellers have to share the same room with house owners. D．Travellers and house owners can both benefit from it. 4．What’s experts’ attitude towards homestays? A．Supportive. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如今越来越多的中国游客喜欢寄宿家庭而不是传统的旅游酒店，同时介绍了寄宿家庭这种住宿方式的起源、经营方式以及目前面临的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“More and more travellers in China nowadays prefer homestays rather than traditional hotels, as they seek private living experiences.(如今，越来越多的中国游客喜欢寄宿家庭，而不是传统的酒店，因为他们寻求私人的生活体验。)”可知，越来越多的游客喜欢寄宿家庭是因为他们寻求私人的生活体验。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Encouraged by her great experience of homestays in France, Maggita, 30 considered short-term hire as her first choice in her future trips.(由于在法国寄宿家庭的丰富经验，30岁的马吉塔将短期租赁作为她未来旅行的首选。)”可知，由于Maggita在法国寄宿家庭的丰富经验，她把短租作为她未来旅行的首选，结合下文中的“She later went back to her hometown Shanghai and ran a “shared accommodation” business.(后来，她回到家乡上海，经营“合租”业务。)”由此可知，Maggita自己的生活经历激励她开始创业。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For travellers, the short-term hire idea enables them to rent a special room at a reasonable price and also enjoy a first and experience of the local culture, compared with traditional hotels. For owners, they can gain much with daily rental.(对于旅行者来说，短租的理念使他们能够以合理的价格租到一个特别的房间，与传统的酒店相比，他们也可以第一次体验当地的文化。对于房主来说，他们可以从每日租金中获得很多收益。)”可知，短租对旅行者来说能够用合理的价格租到一个特别的房间，还能亲历当地的文化，而对于房主来说，他们可以获取很多的收益，由此可知，短租使旅行者和房主都能从中受益。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“However, experts have pointed out a series of problems brought about by the fashion. Lacking supervision (监管) to those accommodation sharing websites, the service quality and accommodation safety cannot be guaranteed.(然而，专家们指出了这种时尚带来的一系列问题。对住宿共享网站缺乏监管，服务质量和住宿安全得不到保障。)”可知，短租存在一系列的问题，且对共享网站缺乏管理，服务质量和住宿的安全得不到保障，由此可知，专家对家庭寄宿这一时尚持怀疑态度。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期中）A good vegan milk (纯素奶) needs to look like milk and taste like milk, whether it contains fat or not. Vegan milk is only one example in the growing types of plant-based alternatives (替代品) to animal products, such as meat, cheese, eggs and fish. Burger King and McDonald’s sell vegan pies. Last year the world’s largest producer of canned tuna, Thai Union, began to sell a plant-based product. Growing sales show the growing taste for this type of food, which means alternative proteins have come a long way since 1980s. Producing techniques have been improved, resulting in better products and lower prices of them, which meet the needs of a growing number of people. Some vegetarians say no to meat, but yes to fish. Some people are trying to cut fat for health reasons. Fitness lovers want to develop muscular mass and strength without building up fat. Concerns about animal rights and greenhouse gas from raising livestock (家畜) are driving the environmentalists to limit their intake of animal-based proteins. As is reported, producing a gram of beef gives off 25 times the amount of greenhouse gas as producing a gram of tofu. However, plant-based proteins are a tough sell in giant markets like India, where diets are already plant-rich, or Nigeria, where meat-eating is a sign of being rich. That limits their global popularity. What’s more, animal products, including milk and meat, are better for children’s bone development, though lab-grown meat and dairy are becoming more nutritious. All this suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind. Plant-based foods may no longer be only a side dish in diets, but their makers’ place as the main dish is another matter. 1．Why does the author mention vegan milk in the first paragraph? A．To encourage a healthy diet. B．To show people’s growing taste. C．To stress the importance of milk. D．To introduce the topic of the passage. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Ways to meet the needs of people. B．Benefits of animal-based products. C．Results of improved producing techniques. D．Reasons for choosing plant-based products. 3．Why are plant-based products unpopular in India? A．Indian Diets are rich in plant. B．Eating meat means being rich. C．Plant-based products are produced in labs. D．Plant-based products are bad for children. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards plant-based proteins? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是全球范围内食用植物蛋白的趋势。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A good vegan milk (纯素奶) needs to look like milk and taste like milk, whether it contains fat or not. Vegan milk is only one example in the growing types of plant-based alternatives (替代品) to animal products, such as meat, cheese, eggs and fish.(好的纯素奶无论是否含有脂肪，都要看起来像牛奶，尝起来像牛奶。素食牛奶只是不断增长的以植物为基础的动物产品替代品的一个例子，如肉类、奶酪、鸡蛋和鱼类。)”可知，作者在第一段提到纯素牛奶是为了引出本文的主题，即食用植物蛋白的趋势，故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Producing techniques have been improved, resulting in better products and lower prices of them, which meet the needs of a growing number of people.  Some vegetarians say no to meat, but yes to fish.  Some people are trying to cut fat for health reasons. Fitness lovers want to develop muscular mass and strength without building up fat.(生产技术得到了改进，产品质量更好，价格更低，满足了越来越多的人的需求。一些素食者说不吃肉，但可以吃鱼。有些人为了健康的原因正在努力减少脂肪。健身爱好者希望在不增加脂肪的情况下发展肌肉质量和力量。)”可知，第二段的主旨是选择植物性产品的原因。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, plant-based proteins are a tough sell in giant markets like India, where diets are already plant-rich, or Nigeria, where meat-eating is a sign of being rich.(然而，在印度这样的巨大市场，植物性蛋白质很难销售，因为印度的饮食已经富含植物性，而尼日利亚则认为吃肉是富有的标志。)”可知，植物性产品在印度不受欢迎是因为印度人的饮食富含植物。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“All this suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind. Plant-based foods may no longer be only a side dish in diets, but their makers’ place as the main dish is another matter.(所有这些都表明，替代蛋白质要取代动物性蛋白质还有很长的路要走。植物性食物可能不再只是饮食中的配菜，但它们的制造者作为主菜的地位是另一回事。)”可知，作者并没有明确表示自己对植物蛋白的看法，因此对植物性蛋白质的态度是客观的，故选C。 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）Most people know the feeling when you walk into a lift with other people. A study has found that where people stand is based on their social position on entering the lift. Rebekah Rousi, a Ph. D, did a study of lift behavior in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide, Australia. As part of her research, she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings, and discovered there was a fixed order about where people chose to stand. In her research paper, she wrote that more senior men seemed to walk straight towards the back of the lift. She said, “In front of them were younger men and women of all ages.” She also noticed there was a difference in the direction where people look during the ride. “Men watched the monitors, looked in the side mirrors (in one building) to see themselves, and in the door mirrors (in the other building) to watch others. Women would watch the monitors and avoid looking into others’ eyes (unless in conversations) and the mirrors.” Rebekah Rousi concluded that shyer people stand toward the front, where they won’t see other passengers, while fearless people stand in the back, where they have a good view of everyone else. 1．According to the study, where people stand in a lift is determined by . A．other passengers B．the monitors C．their social position D．others’ position 2．Who may be likely to go to the front of the lift? A．Fearless people. B．Senior men. C．Middle-aged men. D．Younger women. 3．What can be learned from the passage? A．The order in which people stand in a lift is fixed. B．Few people feel embarrassed with strangers in a lift. C．Women like watching themselves in the side mirrors. D．Fearless people stand in the back to avoid seeing others. 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A newspaper. B．A brochure. C．A travel guide. D．A lift instruction. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，人们在电梯里站的顺序是固定的，由他们进入电梯时的社会地位决定。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study has found that where people stand is based on their social position on entering the lift. (一项研究发现，人们站的位置取决于他们进入电梯时的社会地位)”可知，根据该研究，人们在电梯里站的位置通常是由他们的社会地位决定的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In her research paper, she wrote that more senior men seemed to walk straight towards the back of the lift. She said, “In front of them were younger men and women of all ages.” (在她的研究论文中，她写道，更年长的男性似乎会径直走向电梯的后部。她说：“站在他们前面的是各个年龄段的年轻男女。”)”和最后一段“Rebekah Rousi concluded that shyer people stand toward the front, where they won’t see other passengers, while fearless people stand in the back, where they have a good view of everyone else. (Rebekah Rousi总结道，害羞的人站在前面，这样他们就不会看到其他乘客，而无畏的人站在后面，这样他们就能很好地看到其他人)”可知，就年龄而言，年长的男性倾向于站在电梯的后部，年轻的男性和女性倾向于站在电梯的前部；就心理而言，害羞的人站在前部，无畏的人站在后部。结合选项可知，年轻的女性可能会走到电梯的前部。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As part of her research, she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings, and discovered there was a fixed order about where people chose to stand. (作为研究的一部分，她在两座大楼里共乘坐了30次电梯，发现人们选择站在哪里是有固定顺序的)”可知，人们在电梯里站的顺序是固定的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一项调查研究展开，该研究发现，人们在电梯里站的顺序是固定的，由他们进入电梯时的社会地位决定，并详细说明了这种顺序，及其背后的心理因素。结合选项可推知，文章最有可能出自报纸。故选A项。 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）The unusual whistle language used as a means of communication by villagers in the remote and mountainous northern Turkey has been added to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The language is a highly developed high-pitched system of whistling to communicate in rugged (崎岖的) areas where people mostly cannot see each other. It can allow people to communicate across great distances, up to 5 kilometers. Compared with other similar whistle languages in Spain’s Canary Islands, in Mexico, or in Greek villages, it has a higher tone and larger vocabulary. This unusual form of communication, which dates from some 500 years ago, was born from sheer necessity and widespread across the Black Sea regions. But 50 years ago, it suffered the impact of the progression of technology and nowadays the rapid growth of cellular mobile systems has put this cultural heritage under serious threat. For centuries, the language has been passed on from grandparents to parents, from parents to children. Now, though, many of its most proficient (精通的) speakers who use their tongue, teeth and fingers are aging and all becoming physically weak. Young people are no longer interested in learning the language or in finding ways to update its vocabulary with new words, and in a few generations it may be gone for good. “Our bird language is very convenient and efficient to communicate across the valleys. It has many benefits over yelling, which is bad for our throats,”said Avni Kocek, head of the bird village adding that despite setbacks because of technology, “Bird language is still used by many of us. Whistle language is transmitted from our elders to us and we have the duty to transmit it to our children. We are making efforts to keep our culture alive through the annual Bird Language Festival. ” Besides, the bird language has been required to be taught at primary schools since 2014 by district authorities in order to instill (灌输) the practice in younger generations. 1．What is the bird language’s advantage over other similar whistle languages? A．It is used as a means of communication. B．It is older and has a larger number of users. C．It is a completely different system of whistling. D．It has a higher tone and larger vocabulary. 2．What’s the biggest threat to the bird language? A．Other whistle languages are more effectively protected. B．The necessity to use it in everyday life is disappearing. C．Many of its most proficient speakers are growing old. D．Young people find it too difficult to learn well enough. 3．What’s the effective measure so far taken to protect the bird language? A．It has become a subject at primary schools. B．Bird Language Festival is celebrated every month. C．Cellular mobile systems are not allowed in the area. D．All parents are required to transmit it to their children. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Celebrating the Bird Language Festival B．The Story of a Bird Language Speaker C．Preserving the Endangered Bird Language D．The Disappearance of Bird Language 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种在土耳其偏远山区人们用于交流的奇特语言——口哨语，但随着通讯技术的发展，使用这种语言的人越来越少，这种语言面临消失的危险，人们正努力保护这种濒危的语言。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Compared with other similar whistle languages in Spain’s Canary Islands, in Mexico, or in Greek villages, it has a higher tone and larger vocabulary.(与西班牙加那利群岛、墨西哥或希腊村庄的其他类似的哨子语言相比，它的音调更高，词汇量也更大。)”可知，这种语言的优势在于它有更高的音调和更大的词汇量。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But 50 years ago, it suffered the impact of the progression of technology and nowadays the rapid growth of cellular mobile systems has put this cultural heritage under serious threat.(但50年前，它受到了技术进步的影响，如今，蜂窝移动系统的快速发展使这一文化遗产受到了严重的威胁。)”可知，如今，移动通讯的快速发展使口哨语受到了严重的威胁，也就是说在日常生活中使用它的必要性正在消失是口哨语的最大威胁，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Besides, the bird language has been required to be taught at primary schools since 2014 by district authorities in order to instill (灌输) the practice in younger generations.(此外，自2014年以来，地区当局要求小学教授鸟语，以便向年轻一代灌输这种做法。)”可知，鸟语现在成为学校开设的一门科目，这有助于保护这一语言，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The unusual whistle language used as a means of communication by villagers in the remote and mountainous northern Turkey has been added to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.(土耳其北部偏远山区村民使用的一种不同寻常的口哨语已被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。)”和最后一段“Besides, the bird language has been required to be taught at primary schools since 2014 by district authorities in order to instill (灌输) the practice in younger generations.(此外，自2014年以来，地区当局要求小学教授鸟语，以便向年轻一代灌输这种做法。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在土耳其北部偏远山区，村民们使用的不寻常的哨声语被添加到联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录中，另外鸟语现在成为当地学校开设的一门科目，这有助于保护这一即将消失的语言，因此最好的题目是C选项“Preserving the Endangered Bird Language(保护濒危鸟类语言)”。故选C。 （23-24高一上·湖北武汉·期中）As the extreme heat waves now affecting parts of Europe, Asia and the US make clear, homes in any area of the would badly need to be changed to help deal with a hotter climate. The quickest, simplest solution is to equip (安装) air conditioning. But this would lead to a huge increase in electricity demand, researchers warn, driving further climate change. “If our homes are overheated and the first solution that we run to is air conditioners, that is going to dry up our energy systems,” said Miranda, a researcher from Oxford University. A greener solution would be to develop “passive cooling” technologies, which don’t require large energy inputs. Bertie Ozarisoy from Middle East Technical University found a special home built in 2015, Userhuus, had a “severe overheating risk” during the summer. Using computer models of the house, he found that adding a wind catcher was the most effective for reducing indoor temperatures. Wind catchers get the cooler wind from high above the ground and direct it into the building, pushing out the warmer air inside the house. However, although wind catchers could be easy to fit to new homes, equipping them is likely to be expensive. Further research showed that opening windows at night and pulling down shades during the day can lower indoor air temperatures by 14C during a heatwave. “Most heat in a home comes from two sources; first, people and equipment they use, and second, solar heat gain through windows.” Says Bertie. “Hot outside air is actually a very small source.” “The important thing is to open up the entire house at night, to open the windows as soon as outdoor air is cooler than indoor air, and to leave them open all night until the next morning. Close them only when the outdoor air temperature rises.” he added. Blocking sunlight from entering the home is therefore an effective way to keep temperatures under control. 1．What is Miranda’s attitude towards equipping air conditioning? A．Uncaring. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. 2．What might be a disadvantage of a wind catcher? A．Its high cost. B．Its poor effect. C．Its ugly design. D．Its equipping problem. 3．According to Bertie Ozarisoy, most heat in a home comes from __________. A．hot outside air B．people’s activities C．air-conditioning system D．poorly-designed windows 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Sources of Heat B．Reasons for Heatwaves C．How to Keep Homes Cool D．How to Equip Air Conditioners 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是应对极端热浪的气候可以采取的一些方法和措施。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““If our homes are overheated and the first solution that we run to is air conditioners, that is going to dry up our energy systems,” said Miranda, a researcher from Oxford University.(牛津大学的研究人员Miranda说：“如果我们的房子过热，我们首先想到的解决办法就是空调，这将使我们的能源系统枯竭。”)”可知，Miranda认为安装空调来解决房子过热的方法会是的我们的能源系统枯竭，由此可知，Miranda对安装空调持反对的态度。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, although wind catchers could be easy to fit to new homes, equipping them is likely to be expensive.(然而，尽管风收集器可以很容易地安装到新家庭中，但装备它们可能很昂贵。)”可知，风收集器很容易安装到新家庭中，但是安装他们可能很昂贵，由此可知，风收集器的缺点是太昂贵。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的““Most heat in a home comes from two sources; first, people and equipment they use, and second, solar heat gain through windows.” Says Bertie. “Hot outside air is actually a very small source.”(“家里的大部分热量来自两个来源;首先是人和他们使用的设备，其次是通过窗户获得的太阳热量。” Bertie说。“外部热空气实际上是一个很小的来源。”)”可知，家里的部分热量来自于人和他们使用的设备以及窗户获取的太阳热量，由此可知，家中大部分的热量来自于人们的活动。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“As the extreme heat waves now affecting parts of Europe, Asia and the US make clear, homes in any area of the would badly need to be changed to help deal with a hotter climate.(极端热浪正在影响欧洲、亚洲和美国的部分地区，这清楚地表明，全球任何地区的房屋都迫切需要进行改造，以帮助应对更热的气候。)”可知，极端热浪影响着很多地区，提出需要改进房屋以帮助应对更热的气候，结合第二段中的“The quickest, simplest solution is to equip (安装) air conditioning.(最快、最简单的解决办法是安装空调。)”、第三段中的“A greener solution would be to develop “passive cooling” technologies, which don’t require large energy inputs.(更环保的解决方案是开发“被动冷却”技术，这种技术不需要大量的能源投入。)”和第四段中的“Further research showed that opening windows at night and pulling down shades during the day can lower indoor air temperatures by 14C during a heatwave.(进一步的研究表明，在热浪来袭时，晚上打开窗户，白天拉下窗帘可以使室内气温降低14摄氏度。)”以及尾段中的“Blocking sunlight from entering the home is therefore an effective way to keep temperatures under control.(因此，阻挡阳光进入室内是控制温度的有效方法。)”可知，本文分别介绍了通过安装空调、发展更环保的“被动冷却”技术、晚上开窗的方式和阻挡阳光进入室内来控制温度的方法，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是空时室内温度的方法，所以题目“如何让家里保持凉爽”与本文的主题一致，可以作为最佳标题。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·山东青岛·期中）Facebook is widely used in the US, Britain and many other countries. But should children under 13 be allowed to use it? Well, whether children under 13 are allowed to use it or not, many of them are doing that. They use it to find out what shopping center to meet in after school tomorrow and what park to hang out in on Saturday afternoon. Under-13s might not have Facebook accounts, both here and in the US, but that hasn’t stopped hundreds of thousands of them from using dates of birth which are not true to start an account. Yes, of course parents like me worry that means our kids are at risk of both being bullied (欺凌) and of bullying others. But the important thing to realize here is that bullying takes place in the school lunch hall or on the playground. No one is trying to stop under-13s from those places, right? Some fear that their children are prey (受害者) for bad people on Facebook. Again, does your kid travel alone or go to a shopping center without you? Most children do from the time they go to high school. And just as you teach them the rules for staying safe when they’re out and alone, you teach them the rules for staying safe online. Facebook is about what life is about, which is connecting with others. When children are young, we supervise (监管) them. As they get older, we trust them to connect without us around all the time. And what Facebook does is to teach our kids a language that will surely be important to their future, because today’s children are going to be interacting (互动) online with friends, and in the future business partners and customers for the rest of their lives. Why, when we’re trying to educate them in useful skills on other fronts, hold them back on this one? 1．According to the passage, many under-13s have Facebook accounts because they . A．could open accounts using untrue information B．are no longer limited to own them C．ask their parents to open accounts for them D．can buy accounts from others 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Bullying on Facebook isn’t scary at all. B．Bullying hardly takes place on Facebook. C．Parents cannot stop children from using Facebook. D．Facebook is just one more place where bullying happens. 3．By mentioning children go to a shopping center alone, the author means that . A．kids can keep away from dangers themselves B．it’s very dangerous for kids to do that C．kids should be taught online safety rules D．it’s impossible to keep children away from Facebook 4．Which is the best title of this passage? A．The Dangers of Social Media for Kids B．Should Under-13s Be Allowed on Facebook? C．Why Do Kids Love Facebook? D．Rules for Online Safety 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Facebook对孩子的影响，告诉大家在注意网络安全的同时学习掌握Facebook等现代科学技术的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Under-13s might not have Facebook accounts, both here and in the US, but that hasn’t stopped hundreds of thousands of them from using dates of birth which are not true to start an account.(13岁以下的人可能没有Facebook账户，无论是在这里还是在美国，但这并不能阻止成千上万的人使用不真实的出生日期来注册账户)”可知，许多13岁以下的人都有Facebook账户，因为他们可以使用不真实的信息开户。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yes, of course parents like me worry that means our kids are at risk of both being bullied(欺凌) and of bullying others. But the important thing to realize here is that bullying takes place in the school lunch hall or on the playground. No one is trying to stop under-13s from those places, right?(是的，像我这样的父母当然会担心，这意味着我们的孩子有被欺负和欺负别人的风险。但重要的是要意识到欺凌发生在学校食堂或操场上。没人想阻止13岁以下的孩子去那些地方，对吧？)”可知，Facebook只是另一个发生欺凌行为的地方。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Again, does your kid travel alone or go to a shopping center without you? Most children do from the time they go to high school. And just as you teach them the rules for staying safe when they’re out and alone, you teach them the rules for staying safe online.(同样，你的孩子是独自旅行还是独自去购物中心?大多数孩子从上高中开始就这样做了。就像你教他们在独自外出时要注意安全一样，你也教他们在网上要注意安全)”可推知，通过提到孩子独自去购物中心，作者想暗示孩子们应该被教导网络安全规则。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Facebook is widely used in the US, Britain and many other countries. But should children under 13 be allowed to use it? Well, whether children under 13 are allowed to use it or not, many of them are doing that.( Facebook在美国、英国和许多其他国家被广泛使用。但是13岁以下的儿童应该被允许使用它吗？好吧，不管13岁以下的孩子是否被允许使用，他们中的许多人都在这样做)”结合文章主要介绍了Facebook对孩子的影响，告诉大家在注意网络安全的同时学习掌握Facebook等现代科学技术的积极作用。故B选项“应该允许13岁以下的人上Facebook吗？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期中）For many years, a great number of scientists have accepted the idea that dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid (小行星), but another idea is now gaining attention. New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs. About 66 million years ago, an asteroid hit the earth. The impact caused earthquakes and tsunamis(very large sea wave). Many scientists believe this allowed about 75% of all plants and animals on the earth to die off, including dinosaurs. Now researchers from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire believe that the asteroid alone did not cause the mass extinction (灭绝) but that volcanoes may also have played a part. A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash (火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies. The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. The team called the eruption and asteroid a double-punch, which had dinosaurs wiped out from the planet completely. There have been several mass extinctions, including the one that killed dinosaurs. Some of the other extinctions were caused by volcanoes, which supports the new idea that a volcano could have been involved in this one. Brenhin Keller said it is difficult to be sure which volcanic eruption caused which mass extinction. But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.” 1．According to new research, what may contribute to the extinction of dinosaurs? A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Tsunamis. D．Asteroid impacts. 2．What does the third paragraph focus on? A．Why volcanic rocks are formed. B．When dinosaurs became extinct. C．Where volcanic eruptions happen. D．How volcanoes killed dinosaurs. 3．Which strongly proved the new finding of dinosaur extinction? A．One extremely large volcano erupted with lava. B．Dinosaurs died out when basalt rocks formed. C．Volcano lava and ash were harmful to dinosaurs. D．Many asteroids hit the earth 66 million years ago. 4．What is Keller’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“New research suggests that big volcanic eruptions (火山喷发) may have contributed to the end of dinosaurs.(新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝)”可知，新的研究表明，大规模的火山爆发可能导致了恐龙的灭绝，故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“A team of scientists were studying the Deccan Plateau, a large mountainous area in southern India. They found signs of volcanic rock shaped into forms called basalt floods. Volcanic rocks are formed when a volcano erupts and sends out lava  (岩浆), which then cools and becomes solid. Basalt floods are formed when either several small eruptions or one extremely large eruption floods huge areas of land with lava. These eruptions can block out the sun with ash ( 火山灰), stop plants from growing, and kill off animals’ food supplies.(一组科学家正在研究德干高原，这是印度南部的一个大山区。他们发现了火山岩形成玄武岩洪水的迹象。火山岩是火山喷发时形成的，喷出的熔岩冷却后变成固体。玄武岩洪水形成时，无论是几个小喷发或一个极大的喷发洪水的大面积土地与熔岩。这些火山喷发可以用火山灰挡住太阳，阻止植物生长，并且杀死动物的食物供应。)”可知，第三段重点讲了火山是如何杀死恐龙的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists discovered that the basalt rocks formed at the time dinosaurs died out. This is a strong clue that a huge volcanic eruption could have contributed to the death of dinosaurs. (科学家们发现玄武岩形成于恐龙灭绝的时期。这是一个强有力的线索，表明一个巨大的火山喷发类型可能导致了恐龙的死亡。)”可知，玄武岩形成时，恐龙灭绝了，这有力地证明了恐龙灭绝的新发现，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But, Keller said, “The results make it hard to pay no attention to the role of volcanism in extinction.”(但是，Keller说，“研究结果使我们很难不去注意火山作用在灭绝中的作用。”)”可推知，Keller对这项新发现持赞成的态度，故选A。 （23-24高一上·辽宁丹东·期中）Trees take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in complex molecules (分子), releasing oxygen. The more photosynthesis (光合作用), the more carbon is locked away. Carbon dioxide is a major driver of climate change, so the more that can be taken out of the atmosphere by plants, the better. With the warmer climate leading to a longer growing season, some researchers have suggested that more carbon dioxide would be absorbed by trees and other plants than in previous times. But a new study has changed this theory and could have profound effects on how we adapt to climate change. The researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology studied the degree to which the timing of colour changes in autumn tree leaves was determined by the growth of the plants in the previous spring and summer. Using data from the Pan European Phenology Project, which has tracked some trees for as long as 65 years, the researchers found in their long-term observational study that as the rate of photosynthesis increased, leaves changed colour and fell earlier in the year. For every 10%d increase in photosynthetic activity over the spring and summer growing season, trees shed their leaves, on average, eight days earlier. This research shows that deciduous (每年落叶的) trees can only absorb a set amount of carbon each year and once that limit is reached, no more can be absorbed. At that point, leaves begin to change colour. This limit is set by the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (氮气), and the physical structure of the plant itself, particularly the inner vessels which move water and dissolved nutrients around. Nitrogen is a key nutrient which plants need in order to grow, and it’s often the amount of available nitrogen that limits total growth. This is why farmers and gardeners use nitrogen fertilisers (肥料) to overcome this limitation. It suggests that by 2100, when tree growing seasons are expected to be between 22 and 34 days longer, leaves will fall from trees between three and six days earlier than they do now. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．More carbon dioxide has been absorbed by plants than before. B．Higher temperature has an influence on plants’ growing season. C．Climate change can be solved naturally through photosynthesis. D．Plants can give off oxygen and molecules through photosynthesis. 2．How many days earlier may leaves averagely fall with 20% increase in photosynthesis? A．Eight days. B．Sixteen days. C．Twenty-eight days. D．Thirty-four days. 3．What does the underlined word “vessels” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Basins. B．Wells. C．Containers D．Channels. 4．What does the author mainly intend to inform us? A．Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growing. B．Warmer climate contributes to longer growing season. C．Farmers use fertilizers to increase the growth of plants. D．The amount of carbon plants absorb is limited in a year. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究发现，随着光合作用速率的增加，树叶的颜色会发生变化，一年中落叶的时间会提前。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the warmer climate leading to a longer growing season, some researchers have suggested that more carbon dioxide would be absorbed by trees and other plants than in previous times.(随着气候变暖导致生长季节变长，一些研究人员认为，树木和其他植物吸收的二氧化碳将比以前更多。)”可知，高温对植物的生长季节有影响。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“For every 10%d increase in photosynthetic activity over the spring and summer growing season, trees shed their leaves, on average, eight days earlier.(在春季和夏季生长季节，光合作用活动每增加10%，树木平均提前8天落叶。)”可知，在光合作用增加20%的情况下，树叶平均提前落下的天数是2*8=16天。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“This limit is set by the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (氮气), and the physical structure of the plant itself, particularly the inner(这一限制是由营养物质（特别是氮）的可用性和植物本身的物理结构决定的，特别是内部的)”和“move water and dissolved nutrients around(移动水和溶解的营养物质)”可知，植物的内部移动水和溶解的营养物质的是导管，划线词所在句子表示“这个限制是由营养物质，特别是氮的可用性和植物本身的物理结构决定的，特别是内部的导管，它在周围移动水和溶解的营养物质”，划线词的意思是“导管”，和channels意思相近，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“This research shows that deciduous (每年落叶的) trees can only absorb a set amount of carbon each year and once that limit is reached, no more can be absorbed.(这项研究表明，落叶树每年只能吸收一定量的碳，一旦达到这个限度，就不能再吸收了。)”可知，本文主要想告诉我们植物一年吸收的碳量是有限的。故选D。 （23-24高一上·湖北黄冈·期中）Search and rescue teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s superior sense of smell can be of importance to finding survivors buried(埋) under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat. These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing homemade prototype backpacks (背包) that contain microphones, video equipment, and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris (模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims (受害者) buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet, we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually expand and increase the complexity(复杂性) in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed building site. The training just started, and researchers still have to run training trials(实验) outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials. 1．What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A．They are easier to train. B．They have a better sense of smell. C．They are more flexible with a smaller size. D．They adapt to new environments more quickly. 2．What does the underlined word “comparable” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．impressive. B．suitable. C．unique. D．similar. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of training the rats. B．The difficulty of conducting experiments. C．The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D．The importance of the research environment. 4．What will scientists plan to do next? A．Use rats for rescue work in large numbers. B．Send rats to Turkey for field experiments. C．Carry out further study on disaster prevention. D．Develop the tracking technology to assist GEA． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。近日，来自苏格兰的科学家宣布他们正在训练一批精锐的“搜救部队”，以帮助人们寻找地震中的受难者，这些搜救成员就是我们相当熟悉的动物——老鼠，当地震发生后，它们将会穿上装有麦克风的小背包，深入地震废墟中的狭小空间，帮助受困者与外界进行交流。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.(它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够在不同的环境中移动，这是狗所不能做到的)”可知，在救援工作中，老鼠的优势是尺寸更小，更灵活。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs”可知，Kean的团队想要用老鼠代替狗来进行搜救工作，因为老鼠的嗅觉能力应与狗类似。故划线词意思是“相似的”。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“At the moment, the rats are wearing homemade prototype backpacks (背包) that contain microphones, video equipment, and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris (模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims (受害者) buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet, we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.”(目前，老鼠们穿着自制的原型背包，里面有麦克风、视频设备和位置追踪器，然后科学家们把这些老鼠送到模拟碎片中。老鼠可以进入狭小的空间，接近埋在废墟中的受害者。“我们还没有进入真实的情况，我们得到了一个模拟的碎片现场。当我们追踪背包时，我们将能够听到老鼠在碎片中的位置，”基恩说。“我们有可能通过老鼠与受害者对话。”)”可知，第四段的主要内容是训练老鼠的过程。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials.(他们正在与一个名为GEA的搜救组织合作，该组织总部设在地震频繁的土耳其，他们希望明年能把老鼠带到土耳其进行试验)”可知，科学家们下一步计划把老鼠送到土耳其进行野外实验。故选B。 （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Will printed newspapers disappear one day? It’s quite possible. Here are some reasons. First of all, printed newspapers aren’t the only way to get information. You can find the information on the Internet. Besides, you can read a lot of information online for free, which makes the Internet even more attractive. Lots of people are becoming Internet users, and most of Internet users read news online. For example, I usually get new information about events that happen in the world by reading short messages on Twitter. As far as I know, students in our university hardly read newspapers. One can argue that older generations may have been used to reading printed newspapers and do not want to change anything, but research proves the opposite. According to a study, the number of Internet users between the ages of 70 and 75 has increased from 26% to 45% within four years. Where do newspapers get their money? The answer is “advertisers”. But will advertisers continue to put ads in printed newspapers that are unlikely to be popular with the public? It is unwise to print ads in a newspaper, especially when you have a lot of other opportunities. Online advertisements are becoming more and more prevalent. After all, it is easier to track how many clicks have been made on this link than to find out how many people have actually read a newspaper and paid attention to advertisements. Moreover, printed newspapers have some effects on our environment. Tons of wood are needed to produce the papers, and lots of electricity and fuel can be used to transport them. 1．What does the author want to show by mentioning the study in Paragraph 3? A．Printed newspapers are losing their readers. B．Old people have difficulty accepting new things. C．Printed newspapers are the main source of news for people. D．Old people enjoy the feeling of reading a printed newspaper. 2．What does the underlined word “prevalent” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Interesting. B．Expensive. C．Popular. D．Confusing. 3．What can we infer about printed newspapers from the last paragraph? A．They have great advantages. B．They are important to people. C．They are a cheap way to get news. D．They are not environmentally-friendly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why printed newspapers may disappear. B．How the Internet changes people’s way of reading. C．How printed newspapers influence people’s lifestyles. D．Why the Internet is more popular than printed newspapers. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷报纸面临着可能会消失的局面，并分析了背后的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“One can argue that older generations may have been used to reading printed newspapers and do not want to change anything, but research proves the opposite. According to a study, the number of Internet users between the ages of 70 and 75 has increased from 26% to 45% within four years.(有人可能会说，老一辈人可能已经习惯了阅读印刷报纸，不想改变任何东西，但研究证明情况恰恰相反。根据一项研究，年龄在70到75岁之间的网民数量在四年内从26%增加到45%。)”可知，文章第三段提到这个研究是为了说明上一句的观点“有人可能会说，老一辈人可能已经习惯了阅读印刷报纸，不想改变任何东西”是不准确的。换句话说，老年人也开始放弃印刷报纸，也就是印刷报纸正在失去它们的读者。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“Where do newspapers get their money? The answer is “advertisers”. But will advertisers continue to put ads in printed newspapers that are unlikely to be popular with the public? It is unwise to print ads in a newspaper, especially when you have a lot of other opportunities.(报纸的钱是从哪里来的?答案是“广告商”。但是，广告商会继续在不太可能受到公众欢迎的印刷报纸上投放广告吗？在报纸上刊登广告是不明智的，尤其是当你有很多其他机会的时候。)”可推测出，现在的广告商已经不太可能在印刷报纸上投放广告，由此可推测在网上投放广告越来越普及。选项A“Interesting (有趣的)”；选项B“Expensive (昂贵的)”；选项C“Popular (受欢迎的、流行的)”；选项D“Confusing (令人困惑的)”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover, printed newspapers have some effects on our environment. Tons of wood are needed to produce the papers, and lots of electricity and fuel can be used to transport them.(此外，印刷报纸对我们的环境有一些影响。生产纸张需要大量的木材，运输纸张需要大量的电力和燃料。)”可知，印刷报纸对环境有影响，并不环保。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Will printed newspapers disappear one day? It’s quite possible. Here are some reasons.(纸质报纸有一天会消失吗？很有可能。以下是一些原因。)”以及下文第二、三、四段对印刷报纸会消失的原因的分析可知，文章主要分析了印刷报纸会消失的原因。故选A。 （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期中）Restaurants and food shops not satisfying the government hygiene standards can lose their licenses or permits under a demerit (记过) system introduced by the Urban Council. Health officials can give demerits in the form of points and food shops can be closed either for a short period of time or forever if they reach the demerit limit. Fifteen points within a 12-month period will result in a food shop being closed for four days. If another 15 points are collected within a year of a first offence, the food shop will be closed for a week. Ten more points collected within a year of the second offence will mean being closed for 14 days. Being closed one more time and another 10 points within 12 months will result in a license being cancelled and the food shop closed. On the other hand, if a food shop has a clean sheet for a year, it can start all over again. Demerit points are given according to the seriousness of the hygiene offence. Very serious offences earn 15 points, for example, selling polluted food which is harmful to health, watering down milk or injecting (meat with water. Serious offences carry a 10-point punishment and include illegally doing business beyond licensed areas, employing workers likely to spread disease, or failing to keep the food shop or equipment clean. Major offenses include selling food containing something that is not allowed or facing the risk of being polluted by rats and pests. Such offense carries 5 demerit points. So do having dirty fish tanks and having a lot of rubbish. Moderate offenses carrying three demerit points include allowing a dog in the food shop and failing to sterilize (消毒) wet towels. To raise cleanliness awareness among restaurant operators, the Urban Council holds a Restaurant Hygiene Competition every year. Restaurants are judged by Urban Council judges according to environmental, food and worker hygiene, cleanliness of kitchens, equipment and toilets. This year, more than 5, 000 restaurants were judged and 450 restaurants with the city area of Hong Kong satisfied the government hygiene standards. 1．What does the underlined word “offence” probably mean? A．A dirty restaurant. B．An illegal act. C．A big mistake. D．A long delay. 2．Which offence carries the lowest demerit points? A．Watering down milk. B．Selling polluted food. C．Allowing a dog in the food shop. D．Having dirty fish tanks. 3．Which of the following is a shop with “a clean sheet”? A．A shop becoming clean all over. B．A shop admitting it is wrong. C．A shop taken over by a new owner. D．A shop without any new demerit points. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce a demerit system. B．To raise awareness of healthy food. C．To support the Urban Council. D．To advertise for restaurants in Hong Kong. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据市议会推出的记过制度，不符合政府卫生标准的餐馆和食品店将被吊销执照或许可证。文章主要介绍了这种记过制度的规定以及具体扣分情况。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the food shop will be closed for a week”可知，食品店将被关闭一周，说明是有了非法行为。故划线词意思是“非法行为”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Very serious offences earn 15 points, for example, selling polluted food which is harmful to health, watering down milk or injecting (meat with water. Serious offences carry a 10-point punishment and include illegally doing business beyond licensed areas, employing workers likely to spread disease, or failing to keep the food shop or equipment clean.(非常严重的违法行为得15分，例如，销售有害健康的污染食品，在牛奶中掺水或在肉中注水。严重违规者将被扣10分，包括在许可区域以外非法经营，雇佣可能传播疾病的工人，或未能保持食品商店或设备清洁)”以及倒数第二段“Moderate offenses carrying three demerit points include allowing a dog in the food shop and failing to sterilize (消毒) wet towels.(中度违例会被扣三分，包括允许狗进入食品店和未对湿毛巾消毒)”可知，允许狗进入食品店扣分最低。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being closed one more time and another 10 points within 12 months will result in a license being cancelled and the food shop closed. On the other hand, if a food shop has a clean sheet for a year, it can start all over again.(如果在12个月内再被关闭一次，再被扣10分，将被吊销营业执照并关闭该食品店。另一方面，如果一家食品店有一年的清洁单，它可以重新开始)”可知，没有新扣分的店铺是有“清洁单”的商店。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Restaurants and food shops not satisfying the government hygiene standards can lose their licenses or permits under a demerit (记过) system introduced by the Urban Council. Health officials can give demerits in the form of points and food shops can be closed either for a short period of time or forever if they reach the demerit limit.(根据市议会推出的记过制度，不符合政府卫生标准的餐馆和食品店将被吊销执照或许可证。卫生官员可以以积分的形式进行记过，如果达到记过上限，食品店可能会被短期关闭或永远关闭)”结合文章主要介绍了这种记过制度的规定以及具体扣分情况。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍记过制。故选A。 （23-24高一上·山东烟台·期中）People who have trouble walking or moving around often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece now offer a new solution called Seatrac, which allows people in wheelchairs to get into the water on their own. Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving walkway that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water; or go for a swim. The chair can be controlled from a long distance. When the person is ready to get out of the water, the Seatrac system (系统) brings the chair back to the top of the walkway. Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend expressed his enjoyment of the sea but disliked being carried into the ocean like “a bag of potatoes”. Fotiou realized there must be a way to make it easier for wheelchair users to get into the water. He worked with his partners to design the system, finally forming a company called TOBEA to build and sell the system. TOBEA works on making the system simple to put in place and easy to control. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach Seatrac. The system is solar-powered (太阳能) and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Seatrac system can be easily packed up and stored when the swimming season ends. Greece has decided to open 287 beaches for people with disabilities. 140 beaches have set up the system and the remaining 147 will build the system in the future. The new Seatrac service is being provided for free to help attract more tourists to the country. TOBEA will offer a website showing where beaches with the special service can be found. Thanks to Seatrac, more and more people who use wheelchairs will have the chance to cool down with a swim in the sea. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why Seatrac is well received. B．How Seatrac works. C．Why Seatrac needs hand control. D．How Seatrac is developed. 2．What can we know about the Seatrac system? A．It’s expensive to use. B．It can be used all year round. C．It’s environmentally friendly. D．It requires a large storage space. 3．What do the numbers in the last paragraph show? A．The new service is promising. B．The system is highly praised by the old. C．The government has made much money. D．The practice is being copied around the world. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fotiou: An Inventor Helping the Disabled B．Seatrac: Helping Wheelchair Users Enjoy the Sea. C．TOBEA Is a Famous Factory Producing Wheelchairs D．Greece Has Built Moving Walkways for the Disabled 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新发明Seatrac系统，可以帮助轮椅使用者享受大海。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段前四句话“Seatrac is basically a chair on a moving walkway that can smoothly carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either remain in the chair, enjoying the water; or go for a swim. The chair can be controlled from a long distance. (Seatrac基本上是一把位于移动走道上的椅子，可以顺利地将残疾人带入大海。一旦进入大海，人要么呆在椅子上，享受水；或者去游泳。这把椅子可以远距离控制)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Seatrac系统是如何工作的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段第三句话“TOBEA works on making the system simple to put in place and easy to control. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach Seatrac. The system is solar-powered (太阳能) and can continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Seatrac system can be easily packed up and stored when the swimming season ends.(TOBEA致力于使系统易于安装和控制。一条木制走道可以让轮椅使用者到达Seatrac。该系统由太阳能供电，即使停电也能继续运行。Seatrac系统可以在游泳季节结束时轻松打包和储存)”可知，Seatrac有太阳能供电，即使停电也能继续运行。由此可推知，该系统是环保的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句话“Greece has decided to open 287 beaches for people with disabilities. 140 beaches have set up the system and the remaining 147 will build the system in the future. (希腊决定为残疾人开放287个海滩。140个海滩已经建立了该系统，其余147个海滩将在未来建立该系统)”可知，已经有很多的海滩使用了Seatrac系统，而且还有许多的海滩将来要建立该系统。由此可推知，该系统是很有前景的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项新发明Seatrac系统，可以帮助轮椅使用者享受大海。所以“Seatrac：帮助轮椅使用者享受大海。”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$