Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 词汇讲解及拓展-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（人教版）

人教版初中英语 Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 单元词汇讲解及拓展 CONTENT Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister 2 重点词汇过关 outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj.外向的 better /'betə(r)/ adj.更好的；较好的 adv.更好地 loudly /'laʊdlɪ/ adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地 quietly /'kwaɪətlɪ/ adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地 hard-working /hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 努力工作的 competition /ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn/ n.竞争；比赛 fantastic /fæn'tæstɪk/ adj.极好的；了不起的 which adj.哪一个；哪一些pron.哪一个；哪些 clearly /'klɪəlɪ/ adv.清楚地；显然地 win /wɪn/ v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利 though conj.虽然；尽管；adv.不过 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj.有才能的；有天赋的 truly /'truːlɪ/ adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地 care /keə(r)/ v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎 care about关心 serious /'sɪərɪəs/ adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的 mirror /'mɪrə(r)/ n.镜子；反映 kid n. 孩子，小孩 as long as只要 necessary /'nesəsərɪ/ adj.必要的；必然的 be different from和...不同 both /bəʊθ/ adj.两者都pron.两者 3 than /ðən/ conj.比 more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常 almost /'ɔːlməʊst/ adv.几乎；差不多 none /nʌn/ pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无 less /les/ adj.更少的；较少的 less than不到；少于 point /pɔɪnt/ n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数 bring out拿出；推出 grade n. 成绩 should /ʃəd/ aux.应该；可能；应当；将要 the same as与...同样的 saying n. 名言 reach /riːtʃ/ v.到达；达成；取得联系 hand n.援手 touch /tʌtʃ/ vt.触摸；感动 heart /hɑːt/ n.心脏；内心 fact /fækt/ n.事实；真相；实际 in fact事实上；实际上；确切地说 break /breɪk/ v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 arm n. 胳膊 laugh /lɑːf/ v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料 share /ʃeə(r)/ vt.分享，共享；分配；共有 loud /laʊd/ adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地 similar /'sɪmələ(r)/ adj.类似的 be similar to类似于；与...相似 primary /'praɪmərɪ/ adj.最初的，最早的 primary school 小学 information /ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn/ n.信息；情报；资料； 重点词汇过关 4 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 outgoing /'aʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj.外向的 词 汇 拓 展 “outgoing" 是一个形容词,通常用来描述一个人外向、友善、乐于社交的特质。 She's got a warm, outgoing personality. 她具有热心、外向的个性。 5 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 loud aloud loudly loud副词，意为“响亮地”“大声”或“高声地”，侧重发出的 音量大，传得远，一般多用来与speak，talk，laugh， sing等连用，且必须放在这些动词之后。 Please read the letter out loud.请把信大声念出来。 只用作副词，意为“喧闹地，嘈杂地，“响亮地” 。 Don’t talk loudly in the classroom. 不要在教室里大声地讲话。 意为“大声地”，通常与动词 cry, laugh, shout, call等动词 连用。 The boy cried aloud for help.那个男孩高声呼救。 loud /laʊd/ adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地 6 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 better /'betə(r)/ adj.更好的；较好的 adv.更好地 Good, better, best, never let it rest, till good is better, and better is best.  单词巧记 how often "多久一次"，用来提问某动作或者状态发生的频率。答语通常是 always, usually, often, sometimes, once/ twice a day/ month/ year等。 quietly /‘kwaɪətlɪ/ adv.安静地；悄悄地； 小技巧 把“e”想象成“鹅”如果“鹅”被关在在“里面”， 就会很安静 ( quiet )如果“鹅”在外面， 就是“相当、十分” te(n)。 quiet 形容词 安静的 quiet 副词 十分 8 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 hard work hard-working work hard 名词短语, 艰难的工作。 Fruit-picking is boring, badly paid and very hard work. 摘水果的工作无聊,报酬低,还非常辛苦。 动词短语, 努力工作。 He always works hard to achieve his goals.  他总是努力工作以实现他的目标。 形容词短语, 努力的、勤奋的。 She is a hard-working student and always gets good grades. 她是一个勤奋的学生,总是取得好成绩。  hard-working /hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 努力工作的 9 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 match competition race 描述两队或多队之间的直接对抗，特别是在体育领域。 通常指的是代表队之间的公开比赛，如足球、网球等。 Our side beat the other in the match.  我方在比赛中击败了对方。 特指速度方面的比赛，如赛跑或接力赛等。 My son took a race three days ago. 我儿子三天前参加了一个卡丁车比赛。 ‌强竞争的过程和结果，适用于各种形式的比赛和竞争。 指的是对力量、技能和能力的比赛。We are faced with fierce competition.我们面临残酷的竞争。 competition /ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn/ n.竞争；比赛 10 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议G fantastic /fæn'tæstɪk/ adj.极好的；了不起的 super 极好的 excellent 极好的 splendid 极好的 marvelous 极好的 fantastic 非常棒的 terrific 很棒的 exceptional 杰出的 outstanding 出众的amazing 令人惊奇的 pleasant 愉快的 11 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 which adj.哪一个；哪一些 pron.哪一个；哪些 who who who 是谁 Who are you? how how how 怎么样 how are you? where where 在哪里 where is your computer? whose whose 是谁的 whose book is it? which which 哪一个 which is your pen? what color 啥颜色 what color is the flower? how old 几岁了 how old is your mother? how many 是多少 How many boys went there? how much 多少钱 how much did it cost? 疑问代词 12 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 clearly /'klɪəlɪ/ adv.清楚地；显然地 clearly clear 形容词，用来描述某事物或情况是明确、清晰的，可描述物体、信息、思想等方面的清楚程度。 The road is clear. 道路很清晰，没有障碍。 The river is clear. 河水很清澈。 clear的副词形式，强调某事是明显、清楚的。通常用于修饰动词，表示动作或状态是清晰可见的。He spoke clearly. 他说话很清楚。 I saw it clearly.表示我看得很清楚。。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 though conj.虽然；尽管；adv.不过 although though even though 连词，用于引导让步性从句。在正式和书面英语中更 常见，语气相对更加正式。 Although she studied hard, she didn't pass the exam.尽管她努力学习，但她没有 通过考试。 even though意为“即使”,所接句子常用虚拟语气；有退 一步设想的意味，引导的句子所说的不一定是事实。 We mustn't let up, even though we're winning. 我们即使快赢了也决不可松劲。 though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，引导的句子 所说的是事实，Though we have tried our best, we lost the game.虽然我们已尽了最大的力量,但还是输了。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj.有才能的；有天赋的 skilled talented gifted 熟练的,有技能的;需要技能的。 She is a highly skilled pianist.  她是一位技艺高超的钢琴家。 通常用来描述与生俱来的才能或天赋，强调的是一种 与生俱来的特殊能力或技能。He is a gifted musician. 他是一个有天赋的音乐家。 具有才华，在某个领域有出色的表现；具有某种特殊能 力的；一个音乐家-a talented musician；一个画家-a talented artist；a talented athlete-有天赋的运动员 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 truly true truth 副词→真地，真诚地 We are truely sorry for being late. 我们真的抱歉迟到了。 名词→真相，真理 I realized the truth too late. 我知道真相太晚了。 形容词→真正的 He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。 形容词→诚实,真实的 As I try to be truthfully expect everyone else to be truthful.因为我努力做到诚实，所 以我期望每个其他也都诚实。 truthful truly /'truːlɪ/ adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地 。 16 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 care /keə(r)/ v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎 care for care about 表示关心、在意，强调对某件事情或某人的关心程度。I don’t care about you. 我才不在乎你。 Don’t you care about losing your job? 你难道不担心失去工作吗？ 表示照顾或照料，与take care of或look after意思相同。 The sick child was well cared for night and day. 那个生病的孩子日夜受到很好的看护。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 serious /'sɪərɪəs/ adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的 描述事物的严重性、重要性，表达认真的态度，或在疑问句中表示关切‌。 表达事物严重性： a serious illness-重病 a serious accident- 严重事故 ‌表达认真态度‌： be serious about 对…认真 ‌强调重要性‌： serious matter 重要事项 ‌用于疑问句‌： Are you serious? 你是认真的吗? make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 mirror /'mɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子；反映 词 汇 拓 展 I looked at myself in the mirror. 我在镜子里看了看自己。 19 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 as long as 只要 主要用法‌：‌ You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. 只要你按时归还，就可以把这本书拿走。 ‌ As long as you are going, I’ll go too. 既然你要去，那么我也去。 ‌ Tom didn’t stay there as long as David. 汤姆在那儿待得不如大卫长久。 1. 表示条件‌：用于引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”的意思。 2. 表示原因‌：既然；由于；因为”。 3. 表示长度或时间‌：在否定句中，表示“与…一样长（久）”。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 necessary /'nesəsərɪ/ adj.必要的；必然的 小贴士 necessary作为名词时表示“必需品”，是可数的。‌其复数形式是necessaries‌。 adj. 必要的；强制的；必然的；不可避免的 n. 必需品 在系表结构后接不定式时，不能按汉语 意思用“人”作主语，而用形式主语it。 他有必要同我们一走去。 He’s necessary to go with us. It’s necessary for him to go with us. It’s necessary that he (should) go with us. × √ √ mind1)n.思想， 头脑， 记忆力， 思维方式 keep… in mind将…牢记 make up one's mind下定决心 never mind不介意2) v.介意, 关心, 当心, 照看 mind 做某事 Would you mind ( me/ my) doing sth?你介意我做…吗? Would you mind if I opened the door?= Do you mind if I open the door? both /bəʊθ/ adj. 两者都pron. 两者 全体 任何 都不 2 者 3 者 both either neither both A and B either A or B neither A nor B all any none all A 所有的 any A 所有的 none of A所有的 √ √ √ × √ √ × 22 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 bring out 拿出；推出 I will bring out the fruit and cheese. 我会把水果和奶酪拿出来。 Just to see your face was a bring-down. 一看见你的脸就叫人扫兴。  His grandmother and his father brought him up.  是他的祖母和父亲把他养大的。 They bring in more fertile soil. 它们带来更肥沃的土地。 Science has brought about many changes.  科学为我们带来很改变。 bring out 拿出来 bring down失望的 bring up 养育 bring in 带来，引入 bring about 引起 词汇拓展 23 Don't all speak together! 不要都同时说话!  grade n. 成绩 gr--工人的拼音首字母；a--一个；de--的的拼音。 记忆方法：这个工人取得了一个很好的成绩。 名词-年级或等级 He is in the fifth grade. 他在五年级。 2. 名词-成绩或评分。 He got an A grade on his test. 他在考试中得了A级。 3. 名词-等级或级别。 This is a high-grade product.这是一个高级产品。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 should /ʃəd/ aux.应该；可能；应当；将要 could should would 表示义务、责任或预期，也可用于提出建议。 You should finish your homework before you go out. 你出去之前应该完成作业。 might 表示可能、能力或请求。 Could you help me? 你能帮我吗？ 表示可能性较低的猜测或请求。 He might be at home. 他可能在家。 will的过去式，用于过去将来时，也可以表示意愿或虚拟语气。I would have passed the exam if I had prepared for it.如果我准备了考试，我会通过的。 25 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 the same as VS similar similar to the same as 用来表示两个事物之间的相似性。其中,“the same” 表示“相同的”,“as”用来引导与之相似的第二个事物。 My phone is the same as your phone. 我的手机和你的手机一样。 用于比较两个或多个事物之间的相似性。The shape of the table is similar to that of a rectangle. 这张桌子的形状类似于矩形。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 saying n. 名言 词汇拓展 “Every dog has its day ” is a saying meaning that everyone gets his chance of doing well. 凡人皆有得意之日是一个谚语，意思是说每个人都能有他做得好的机会。 There is a saying that behind every successful man there's a woman. 有句谚语说每个成功的男人背后都有一个女人。 Both these sayings mean the same thing. 这两句谚语的意思是相同的。 27 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 reach VS touch touch reach ‌通常指“到达”某地或“取得联系”，可以表示物理上的 到达，也可以表示抽象意义上的达成协议或取得联系。 I couldn't reach the book on the top shelf. 我够不到书架上层的书。 主要指“触摸”或“接触”，通常用于描述物理上的接触。 I've been out of touch with him for years. 我与他失去联络已有多年。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 heart /hɑːt/ n.心脏；内心 arm n. 胳膊 词汇 拓展 remember these words  这些单词要记住呦! 1. more than= over 意为“多余， 超过”I have collected more than 200 stamps.我已经收集了200多张邮票了。2. more than= very 意为“很，非常” He was more than angry at the news.他听到那则消息非常生气。Nice3. more than 意为“不仅” He is more than a policeman.他不仅是一名警察。4. more… than...意为“与其说……不如说……” That boy is more tired than hungry.与其说那小伙子饿了， 不如说他累了。 in fact VS actually actually in fact 表示“实际上”或“事实上”，通常用于书面语中，一般放 在句首，用来强调某个事实或情况。I thought it was easy, but in fact, it was quite difficult.我以为很简单， 但实际上很难。 表示“实际上”或“事实上”，更常用于对话中，用来对之 前的陈述进行修正或补充，通常放在动词之前，作为 副词使用。I said I would come later, but actually, I arrived early.我说我会晚点来，但实际上我早到了。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 break /breɪk/ v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 breakfast break fast 打破 快速的 记忆方法： 我要打破这些鸡 蛋，快速地吃完 早餐去上学。 break through突破;突围 break up打碎,破碎;结束 break down 发生故障;失败 take a break休息一下 break out v. 爆发;突发 break in打断;闯入 31 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 laugh /lɑːf/ v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料 动词-大笑 She laughed when she heard the joke. 她听到笑话时笑了。 ‌名词‌-笑声 The sound of her laughter echoed through the room. 她的笑声在房间里回荡。 ‌ laugh at‌：嘲笑 have a laugh‌：开个玩笑 32 1. more than= over 意为“多余， 超过”I have collected more than 200 stamps.我已经收集了200多张邮票了。2. more than= very 意为“很，非常” He was more than angry at the news.他听到那则消息非常生气。Nice3. more than 意为“不仅” He is more than a policeman.他不仅是一名警察。4. more… than...意为“与其说……不如说……” That boy is more tired than hungry.与其说那小伙子饿了， 不如说他累了。 share /ʃeə(r)/ vt.分享，共享；分配；共有 ‌与某人分享某物‌：share sth. with sb. I would like to share my cake with you. 我想和你分享我的蛋糕。 ‌让某物被多人分享‌：share sth. among sb. Can we share this pizza among five people? 我们五个人能分这块披萨吗？ ‌参与或分担某事‌：share in sth. I don‘t want to share in your problems. 我不想参与你的问题。 share作为名词的具体用法 ‌表示一份或份额‌：a share of...或one's share of... Tom promised to give me his share. 汤姆答应把他的那一份给我。 33 1. more than= over 意为“多余， 超过”I have collected more than 200 stamps.我已经收集了200多张邮票了。2. more than= very 意为“很，非常” He was more than angry at the news.他听到那则消息非常生气。Nice3. more than 意为“不仅” He is more than a policeman.他不仅是一名警察。4. more… than...意为“与其说……不如说……” That boy is more tired than hungry.与其说那小伙子饿了， 不如说他累了。 primary /'praɪmərɪ/ adj.最初的，最早的 小学: primary school  初中: middle school 高中: high school  大学: college 或 university  primary aim primary stage 主要目标 初始阶段 primary color primary election 原色 初选 1. more than= over 意为“多余， 超过”I have collected more than 200 stamps.我已经收集了200多张邮票了。2. more than= very 意为“很，非常” He was more than angry at the news.他听到那则消息非常生气。Nice3. more than 意为“不仅” He is more than a policeman.他不仅是一名警察。4. more… than...意为“与其说……不如说……” That boy is more tired than hungry.与其说那小伙子饿了， 不如说他累了。 information /ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn/ n.信息；情报；资料 message information news 不可数名词，通常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向 大众发布的各种最新消息。有时也指一般的消息。Tom, I have got good news for you.汤姆，我有好消息告诉你。 不可数名词，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或邮件中特别关注的“信息、消息、情报”等。The book contains much useful information. 这本书包含许多有用的资料。 可数名词，通常指口头的或书面的“消息；信息”等。 You can leave a message on our answering machine. 你可以在我们的电话留言机上留言。 1． _______, he is taller than me. (实际上) 2．I believe our dream can come true , __________ we keep working hard. (只要) 3．Amy and Dame ________ (两个都) like watching TV. 4．It was very ________(严重的), so we had to take care of her grandmother. 5．I think it ____________(必要) for English learners to have a dictionary at hand. 6．He came first in the writing _____________ (竞赛). 7．Zhang Peng is ________(更重的) than his brother. 8． ________(尽管) he was busy the whole week, he was ready to help his mother with housework. 9．The boy looked at himself in the ________(镜子) and found that his face was dirty. 夯基达标 In fact as long as necessary both serious heavier Though competition mirror ，serious“严 36 10．Please call Sam to get more ____________(信息). 11．Eric plays tennis very well, but his sister plays it even ________ (更好) than him. 12．We can talk about and ________(分享) everything. 13．The students were talking ________(大声地) in the classroom, so Mr Brown was angry. 14．Mr. Johnson isn’t a bad man. ________(事实上), he is a kind person. 15．The match on TV this week is _______________ (更令人激动的) than the match last week. 16．Zheng Qinwen is really __________(工作努力的), so she wins the championship. 夯基达标 information better In fact share loudly internet more exciting Hard-working 37 夯基达标 从方框中选择适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空   1．Some foreigners are getting more and more interested in roujiamo because they _______________________hamburgers. 2．Mr. Zhao is a very helpful teacher, and his words can often______________________the best in his students. 3．They don’t care much about money ____________________they’re healthy. 4．This sweater ____________________that one in color and style. 5．I thought Jeff was in the garden, but _____________________ he was in his bedroom. as long as, be different from, bring out, in fact, be similar to are similar to bring out as long as is different from in fact 54．55．56．57．58． 38 THE END 39 $$