Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 词汇讲解及拓展-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（人教版）

人教版初中英语 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 单元词汇讲解及拓展 CONTENT Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 2 重点词汇过关 anyone /'enɪwʌn/ pron.任何人 anywhere /'enɪweə(r)/ adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方 wonderful /'wʌndəfl/ adj.精彩的；极好的 few /fjuː/ adj.很少的；n.少量 quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词) most /məʊst/ adj.最多的；大多数的； something /'sʌmθɪŋ/ pron.某事物； nothing(=not…anything) /'nʌθɪŋ/ pron.没有什么n.没有 everyone /'evrɪwʌn/ pron.每人；人人 of course /əvkɔːs/ 当然 myself /maɪ'self/ pron.我自己 yourself /jɔː'self/ pron.你自己；你亲自 hen /hen/ n.母鸡；雌禽 pig n.猪 seem /siːm/ vi.似乎；好像 bored /bɔːd/ adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 someone /'sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人；有人 diary /'daɪərɪ/ n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary) activity /æk'tɪvətɪ/ n.活动；活跃 decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.) try /traɪ/ v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.) paragliding /'pærəɡlaɪdɪŋ/ n.空中滑翔跳伞 feel like(doing sth.)想要 bird /bɜːd/ n.鸟；禽 bicycle /'baɪsɪkl/ n.自行车 3 building /'bɪldɪŋ/ n.建筑物 trader /'treɪdə(r)/ n.商人；商船 wonder /'wʌndə(r)/ v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑 difference /'dɪfrəns/ n.差异；不同 top /tɒp/ n.顶部；顶 wait /weɪt/ v.等；等待(wait for) umbrella /ʌm'brelə/ n.伞；雨伞 wet /wet/ adj.湿的；雨天的 because of因为；由于 below /bɪ'ləʊ/ prep.低于；在...下面adv.在下面 enough /ɪ'nʌf/ adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地 hungry(反full) /'hʌŋɡrɪ/ adj.饥饿的；渴望的 as /əz/ conj.如同；像...一样 hill美/hɪl/ n. 小山；丘陵；斜坡；山冈 duck /dʌk/ n.鸭肉；鸭 dislike /dɪs'laɪk/ v.不喜欢；厌恶 n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感 have a good time =enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快 Central Park 中央公园 Huangguoshu waterfall 黄果树瀑布 Hangkong H.K. 香港 Malaysia 马来西亚 Georgetown 圭亚那乔治敦港口，美国乔治城大学 Weld Quay街 (海乾街/码头) 位于马来西亚槟城岛(州),乔治市 Penang Hill 马来西亚槟榔山（升旗山） tian'anmen square 天安门广场 the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 4 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 anyone /'enɪwʌn/ pron.任何人 构成部分 body one thing 人 人 事/物 some somebody someone something 某人 某人 某事/物 any anybody anyone anything 任何人 任何人 任何事/物 no nobody no one nothing 没有人 没有人 没有事/物 every everybody everyone everything 每个人 每个人 每个事/物 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 anyone /'enɪwʌn/ pron.任何人 复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 somebody， someone，something用于肯定句，anything，anyone， anybody用于否定句，疑问句。 表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉的语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯 定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用somebody， someone， something。 anything表示“任何事物，无论何事（物）”, anyone，anybody表示“无论 谁，任何人”等意义时，他们也可以用于肯定句中。 本单元重点词汇-复合不定代词的用法 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 wonderful /'wʌndəfl/ adj.精彩的；极好的 wonderful 的同义表达 All right! 好! 行! 2. Exactly! 一点不差! 3. Excellent! 太好了! 棒极了! 4. Fantastic! 真了不起! 棒极了! 5. Good for you! 你真行! 6. Good job/ work! 做得好! 太棒了! 7. Well done! 做得好! 7 a few few little 表示有一些，可数名词的复数形式，含有肯定意义， There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。  表示几乎没有不可数名词，含有否定意义， There is little ink in my bottle.我的瓶子里几乎没有墨水了。 表示几乎没有，可数名词的复数形式，含有否定意义。 I have few friends.我没有多少朋友。 表示有一些不可数名词，含有肯定意义，There is a little milk in the refrigerator.冰箱里还有一点牛奶。 a little few, a few, little, a little 8 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 Me a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 most /məʊst/ adj.最多的；大多数的 Most of+可数名词复数/不可数名词， 表示“……中的大多数”。 Most of the students in our class like English. 我们班的大多数学生喜欢英语。 most 数量限定词 “最多，大多数” 谓语动词用单数 all a lot of some any a few ( of) none of 可数名词 的复数形式 all the students a lot of schools some umbrellas any buildings a few ( of ) ducks none of them 9 every one everyone 只能用来指人，相当于everybody可以单独做 一个词使用。后不可接of。Everyone wants to attend the concert.‌ 每个人都想去演唱会‌。 两个词,既可用来指人也可用来指物，相当于 each one，后可接of。Every one of us must study hard.我们中每位都必须努力学习。 everyone VS every one 10 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 of course /əvkɔːs/ 当然 “当然”,“自然” Of course you' ll get a pay rise.当然你会加薪。 2. 否定前句，“不”，“当然”· I didn't know what you said. Of course you did. 我不明白你说的。不， 你明白。 3.“那当然了”，“不用多说”，“明知故问”的意味 Would you like something to eat? Of course. (这还用问) 注： certainly较为正式,， 用于回答，“当然可以”，“好的” make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 seem /siːm/ vi.似乎；好像 12 boring bored 形容词，意为“无聊的”。通常用于描述人的感受， 强调人因为某事或某情境而感到厌烦或无趣。 I was bored with the movie. 我对这部电影感到无聊。 形容词，意为“令人厌烦的；乏味的”。通常用于描述 事物或体验，强调事物本身的无趣或枯燥。 The movie was boring. 这部电影很无聊。 bored VS boring 13 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 activity /æk'tɪvətɪ/ n.活动；活跃 I like cooking/singing/riding. What activities do you like ? 14 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 Ma progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v.决定；选定 A: decide (not ) to do sth 决定 (不) 做某事 I decide (not) to go to school on foot.我决定 (不) 步行去上学。 B: decide on/ upon( doing) sth 决定 (做) 某事 We have decided on giving it one last try. 我们决定再最后试一次。 C: decide+宾语从句 We can't decide where we should go.我们决定不了我们应该去哪儿。 D: decide +疑问词 ( how/ when/ what) + to do决定怎么做/何时做/做什么 I can't decide when to go there.我不能决定何时去那里。 动词原形 单三 过去式 现在分词 过去分词 decide decides decided deciding decided decision (n.) 决定 make a decision 做决定 15 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 feel like(doing sth.)想要 I feel like playing basketball. 我想打篮球。 I feel like giving up . 我想放弃。 I feel like having a try . 我想试一试。 I feel like laughing right now . 我现在想笑。 I feel like watching a movie tonight . 我想看部电影今晚。 I feel like playing video games . 我想玩电子游戏。 I feel like going out for dinner . 我想到外面吃晚餐。 I feel like learning spoken English .我想学英语口语。 I feel like eating something spicy tonight . 我想吃点辣的今晚。 feel like后面动词要用ing哦！ 16 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 bird /bɜːd/ n.鸟；禽 词汇拓展 What's your favorite animals？ My favorite animal is bird. 17 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 bicycle /'baɪsɪkl/ n.自行车 on a bus 在公交车上 in a car 在小车上 In a taxi 在出租车里 on a train 在火车上 on a ship 在船上 on a plane 在飞机上 on a bicycle 在单车上 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 building n. 建筑物；房子 单词连线 a house a barn a church a castle a temple a skyscraper a tower a factory pyramids 寺庙 塔 房子 教堂 城堡 金字塔 工厂 谷仓 摩天大楼 19 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 trader /'treɪdə(r)/ n.商人；商船 Trade is important for the economy. （名词） 贸易对经济很重要。 They trade goods between countries. （动词） 他们在国与国之间进行商品交易。 The trade agreement was signed. （名词） 贸易协议已签署。 Trade can bring people together. （名词） 贸易能让人们走得更近。 trade 贸易 ; 做贸易 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 wonder /'wʌndə(r)/ v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 difference /'dɪfrəns/ n.差异；不同 ‌ “difference”由“dif-”和“-ence”组成，其中“dif-”表示“分开”，“-ence”表示“性质”，因此“difference”可以理解为“分开的性质”，即差异。 记忆方法 第一夫人的谐音 第一夫人果然与众不同 22 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 top /tɒp/ n.顶部；顶 ‌名词‌-“顶部”或“最高点” the top of the mountain山顶 ‌形容词‌-“最高的”或“顶级的” the top student最优秀的学生 ‌动词‌-“达到最高点”或“超过” The price has topped $100. 价格已超过100美元。 ‌常用搭配‌： ‌on top of‌-“在……上面” Put the book on top of the pile. 把书放在堆的最上面。 ‌at the top of‌-“在……的顶部”。 He stood at the top of the stairs. 他站在楼梯的顶部。 becaue of because 连词，用于连接两个句子，通常位于句子中间，用于 解释原因，引导一个完整的句子，通常包含一个主语 和谓语动词。He came late because he overslept. 他来晚了是因为他睡过头了。 because of是复合介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词或 由what引导的名词性从句，用来描述某事的原因，通 常不包含主语和谓语动词。He came late because of the traffic. 因为交通堵塞，他迟到了。‌ because VS because of 24 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 below /bɪ'ləʊ/ prep.低于；在...下面adv.在下面 over below above “在…之下”，斜下方（不接触）The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳落到了地平线下。 under “在…正上方”，垂直之上（不接触）There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 “在…正下方”，垂直下方（不接触）They sat under a big tree. 他们坐在一棵大树下。 “在…之上”，斜上方（不接触）A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 on “在…上；在…旁”，上方（接触）There is a red apple on the desk.桌子上有一个苹果。 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 enough /ɪ'nʌf/ adj.足够的adv.足够地 ①形容词"足够的，充足的" enough+名词 (名词+enough→不常用) We have enough time/ time enough.我们有足够的时间 ②副词"足够地，充分地"形容词/副词+enough She is old enough to go to school.她已经足 大 ，可以去上学了。 We didn't Leave early enough.我们离开得不够早。 ③名词"足够，充分" You have done enough for him.你为他做的够多了。 常名前，形副后 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 hungry(反full) /'hʌŋɡrɪ/ adj.饥饿的；渴望的 The boy ate too much, he was full. The monkey ate too little, it was hungry. 27 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 as /əz/ conj.如同；像...一样 as+形容词/副词原级+ as(一般用于肯定句中) The rope is as long as that one.这根绳子和那根一样长。 so+形容词或副词原级+ as(一般用于否定句中) not so… as= not as… as The rope isn‘t so/ as long as that one. 这根绳子不如那条长。 as… as…结构 as soon as as long as as well as as far as She is as tall as her brother. 还原: She is as tall as her brother is tall. make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 duck /dʌk/ n.鸭肉；鸭 1.bill 2. wing 3. webbed feet 4.waterproof feather 5. tail 6. quack 鸭子嘴 翅膀 有蹼的脚 防水羽毛 尾部 嘎嘎叫 29 make a mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进展 make a plan 制定计划 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make a suggestion 提建议 dislike /dɪs'laɪk/ v.不喜欢；厌恶 dis—like 不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）  dis—order 无秩序（dis+order顺序→没有顺序）  dis—honest 不诚实的（dis+honest诚实的）  dis—appear 消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）  disproof 反证，反驳（dis+proof证实→不证实→反证）   dis—arm 解除武装（dis+arm武装→去掉武装）  dis--cover发现（dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现） 单词拼写 1．It is a____________( 精彩的) movie and we all want to watch it again. 2．The math problem is so difficult that only _____(很少) students can work it out. 3．What a____________( 差别) a day makes! 4．The little boy____________( 想知道) how people in the past lived when he visited the museum. 5．It’s going to rain, don’t forget to take your____________ (伞), Linda. 6．The company doesn’t have ____________( 足够) money, so they have to stop building that shopping mall. 7．Did you go ____________( 某个地方) interesting last summer vacation? 8．Tom didn’t have breakfast this morning, so he feels _________( 饥饿的) now. 夯基达标 wonderful few difference wondered umbrella enough hungry anywhere 31 选词填空 用“some, any, plenty of, a lot of, a little, a few, little, few”填空, 使句子完整, 意思正确） 1．He asked for more sauce and I passed him__________ . 2．Do you know ________of her friends? 3．Would you like ________ more tea? 4．We should eat ________vegetables and drink________ water every day. 5．There is still________time left, don’t worry. 6．There is________ time left, hurry up. 7．I am a new student here. I have________ friends now. 8．You made________ mistakes this time, be careful next time. 9．Have you got________ good news for me? Yes, there’s ________ for you. some any some plenty of a lot of a little few a few any some little 夯基达标 32 夯基达标 用适当的不定代词填空。 1．____________________ who feels tired should take a rest. 2．Listen, ___________________is knocking at the door. 3．I looked for it everywhere, but I found _________________ in the end. 4．She is so nice, and she welcomes_________________ to her house. 5．Did they have ________________important to tell you? 6．___________________ is possible, so just do it! somebody/someone, anybody/anyone, everybody/everyone, nobody/no one, something, anything, everything, nothing Anybody/Anyone somebody/someone nothing everybody/everyone anything Everything 33 THE END 34 $$