专题10 被动语态（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北专用）

►专题10被动语态 考点精讲 一、被动语态的概念 语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 2、 被动语态的构成 （一）被动语态的几种句型 肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by） My phone was made in China. 否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by） My phone wasn’t made in China. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？ Was your phone made in China? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）? eg: Where was your phone made? （二）不同时态中的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 一般 现在时 am/is/ are+ done Football is played all over the world. 一般 过去式 was/ were+ done The door was closed by him. 含有 情态动词 情态动词+be+ done Your room must be cleaned every day. 现在 进行时 am/is/are+being+done The rooms are being painted. 过去 进行时 was/ were+ being+ done Trees were being planted here this time last year. 一般 将来时 will+ be+ done A building will be built near here. 现在 完成时 have/ has +been+ done I have been told the sports meeting might be put off 过去 完成时 had +been+ done He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 三、被动语态的用法 （一）不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China. （二）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year. （三）需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. （四）动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood. （五）在文章标题、广告、新闻中 Girls Wanted!  Five-Year-Old Boy Kidnapped!  （六）习惯用法的需要 Mike was born in Malaysia in 2004. My hometown is situated in southern Shandong Province. 四、主动语态变被动语态 （一）变化步骤： 1.将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 2.将谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变 3.将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，需要变为宾格。 主动句：They held a meeting yesterday.→ 被动句：A meeting was held (by them) yesterday. （二）注意事项： 1.主动句中的主语如果是people，we，you，they，somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删除“by...“，除需强调原主语外。 They built this building in 1995.。 →This building was built in 1995. Only he can finish the job. 2.主动语态中若有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子 Vivian told us the truth. 双宾语（us是间宾， truth是直宾） →We were told the truth by Vivian.间接宾语提前 →The truth was told (to) us by Vivian.直接宾语提前部分直接宾语提前时，前需加介词。 动词make/buy/get用for; 动词give/send/lend/take用to. （三）谓语动为感使动词，含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后，原来的宾语补足语变成主语补足语。注意，不带to的不定式作主语补足语需要加上to。 口诀： “感使动词” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来。 I heard Ann sing the song just now. →Ann was heard to sing the song just now. We saw him play football on the playground. →He was seen to play football on the playground. （四）含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. →It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. （五）双重被动结构：当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者 Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. →The children are often asked to do too much homework. →Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children. 五、主动语形式表示被动意义 （一）系动词没有被动语态，如feel, sound, taste, look, become, fall, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, stay, turn等等。 Your idea sounds good. You look beautiful. （二）在need, require, want, be worth , deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 The TV needs repairing.= The TV needs to be repaired （三）一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，常见的有：appear, die, disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place，occur等。 A car accident happened in the street. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. （四）在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。 She has an important meeting to attend. 六、不能用于被动语态的情况 （一）某些表示“静态”的及物动词 如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。 They have a nice car． My shoes don't fit me． How much ／What does it cost？ Our holiday lasts 10days． （二）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较： They arrived at a decision．? A decision was arrived at．（√） They arrived at the station． The station was arrived at．（×） （三）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）这一类词不可用于被动语态。 The car left the road and hit a tree． （四）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。 主动语态有被动含义。 这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。 His new novel is selling well The cloth washes well． The window won't shut． This poem reads well． （五）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。 Tell me if you feel cold． The soup tastes wonderful． Those roses smell beautiful． （六）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。 Peter hoped to meet her． Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter． （7） 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。 She can dress herself． We could hardly see each other in the fog． （8） 宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。 They live a happy life． （九）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs． The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head． 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$