精品解析：湖北省云学部分重点高中2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题

2024年湖北云学部分重点高中联盟高三年级10月联考 英语试卷 考试时间：2024年10月9日8:00-10:00 时长：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Why can’t the woman go to the game? A. She forgot her ticket at home. B. She doesn’t want to wait in line. C. She has to look after her nephew. 2. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. Over the phone. 3. How much change can the man get? A. Five dollars. B. Seven dollars. C. Eight dollars. 4. What is the woman’s problem? A. A meeting room is occupied. B. The meeting has been canceled. C. Some software can’t be downloaded. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The essay part was easy. B. She regretted not studying enough. C. Her preparation paid off in the exam. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A research project. B. A company dinner. C. A customer survey. 7. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Training the staff. B. Changing some rules. C. Attending a conference. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Where will the woman go? A. Room 106. B. Room 210. C. Room 309. 9. Why will the man attend Dr. Probst’s lecture? A. He is a world- famous expert. B. He was a former classmate. C. He developed a new medical theory. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What season is it now? A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Winter. 11. What does John say about the young man’s coat? A. He doesn’t like the color. B. He thinks it is out of style. C. He is unsure if it would suit him. 12. What color are most of John’s clothes? A. Green. B. Black. C. Yellow. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How did Janet get introduced to stand-up comedy? A. By watching a performance. B. By joining a local drama club. C. By performing in school plays. 14. How did Janet’s parents react to her career choice? A. They encouraged her to follow her passion. B. They were unsupportive and discouraged her. C. They wanted her to follow a more traditional career. 15. What challenges does Janet face while performing? A. Creating her own material. B. Amusing the audience. C. Being alone on stage. 16. What motivates Janet to continue performing? A. The desire to uplift others. B. The wish to gain recognition. C. The chance to challenge herself. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What will be provided for the listeners? A. Clothes. B. Gloves. C. Breakfast. 18. What should the listeners do with fruit? A. Leave it untouched. B. Place it in the red bag. C. Put it into a special container. 19. What should the listeners do if they cut their hands? A. Seek help from fellow participants. B. Visit the nearest hospital. C. Turn to the speaker. 20. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To give instructions. B. To promote a program. C. To welcome the listeners. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It’s no wonder the train from London to Edinburgh is one of Trainline’s top three bestselling routes for American travelers. Here are the most popular routes to exploring the Scottish Highlands by train, all starting in Edinburgh。 For those seeking out the fabled Loch Ness monster, Inverness is the closest train station to the famous lake. From the station, travelers can take a bus or taxi to Fort Augustus and board a boat tour or fishing charter to try to spot the creature. Even if she isn’t found, Loch Ness is still a sight for the eyes, with a historic port and trails through the forests and past waterfalls. As Scotland’s second-largest loch and holding more water than any other lake in the U.K., Loch Ness is a great place to fish or boat. Although a long train ride, the trip from Edinburgh to Mallaig, a charming fishing village, is worth it. This route offers some of the best scenery in the world — in fact, riders might recognize the train and its route, which goes over the Glenfinnan Viaduct, as Harry Potter’s Hogwarts Express. Travelers can board the 19th-century-inspired Jacobite Steam Train and wind past enchanting villages, the Morar River and beaches. At an altitude of over 4,412 feet, Ben Nevis is an ancient volcano that exploded and collapsed on itself to become the tallest mountain in the British Isles. Travelers can take the train to Fort William, a town offering castles, distilleries, rugged coastlines. The town is also titled as the “Outdoor Capital” of Scotland, so thrill seekers can go skiing and hiking to their heart’s desire. If hiking Ben Nevis doesn’t sound appealing, there’s also a boat that provides stunning views without the exercise. 1. What is special about the train to Mallaig? A. It has the longest train route in Scotland. B. It travels to the same stop in Harry Potter movie. C. It once appeared in the story of Harry Potter. D. It is an exact copy of the 19th-century steam train. 2. Which place attracts adventurous sports lovers? A. Fort Augustus. B. Mallaig. C. Glenfinnan Viaduct. D. Fort William. 3. What do the three destinations have in common? A. They are all located along the south coast. B. Boating is the most attractive activity there. C. They offer hiker-friendly routes for exploration. D. They are connected to Edinburgh by trains. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了乘坐火车游览苏格兰高地最受欢迎的路线和三个目的地，全部从爱丁堡开始。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“This route offers some of the best scenery in the world — in fact, riders might recognize the train and its route, which goes over the Glenfinnan Viaduct, as Harry Potter’s Hogwarts Express.(这条路线提供了一些世界上最好的风景——事实上，乘客可能会认出这列火车和它的路线，它经过格兰芬南高架桥，是哈利波特的霍格沃茨特快)”可知，这条路线的特别之处在于这趟火车经过的路线是电影《哈利·波特》中霍格沃茨特快列车的路线，即，它曾在该电影中作为霍格沃茨特快列车。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Travelers can take the train to Fort William, a town offering castles, distilleries, rugged coastlines. The town is also titled as the ‘Outdoor Capital’ of Scotland, so thrill seekers can go skiing and hiking to their heart’s desire.(游客可以乘坐火车前往威廉堡，这里有城堡、酿酒厂和崎岖的海岸线。这个小镇也被称为苏格兰的“户外之都”，所以寻求刺激的人可以去滑雪和徒步旅行)”可知，威廉堡有苏格兰的“户外之都”之称，在这里可以滑雪和徒步旅行。由此可知，这里吸引爱冒险的运动爱好者。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Here are the most popular routes to exploring the Scottish Highlands by train, all starting in Edinburgh(以下是乘坐火车探索苏格兰高地最受欢迎的路线，都是从爱丁堡开始的)”可知，文中提及的三个目的地都可由爱丁堡出发，搭乘火车可抵达。由此推知，它们的共同点在于它们都有火车与爱丁堡相连。故选D项。 B During the day, Gellin is the Pediatric Residents (儿科实习医生) Program Director at the UR Medical Center (URMC) and a doctor at Golisano Children’s Hospital. At night though, twice a week she leads Zumba classes that attract all sorts of people. Participants don’t need to copy Gellin’s moves exactly, rather she tells everyone to have fun and move their bodies in whatever way feels the most comfortable for them. “There are no mistakes in Zumba,” she says. “Zumba is meant to be a workout after all, so my goal is to present a level that no matter where you are, you have to push yourself.” With songs involving more fitness movements such as squats and jumping jacks, Gellin makes sure to alternate (交替) the higher and lower intensity songs and dances, giving students a bit of a breather in between and always ending with a cooldown period of stretches and deep breathing. Each year at URMC, new pediatrics residents get a crash course in Zumba as well. “Residency is a time where it’s probably every physicians’ steepest learning curve in their life,” Gellin said. Drawing some comparisons to beginning a Zumba class, she said,“ It’s a time where they are thrown into doing things they may not feel comfortable doing but there’s always people around to support them.” Gellin noted that most of her job is actually centered around education rather than practicing medicine, so she spends a lot of time thinking about what safe learning spaces mean and look like. This has translated into her Zumba teaching as well; while there are no mistakes in Zumba, as she tells newcomers, there are unfortunately mistakes in medicine-some with serious consequences. Gellin works on setting up learning so her residents can have safety nets to catch them if they make an error in judgment and prevent patient harm. “A really important part of medicine is actually ‘be who you are’,” Gellin said. “It’s OK if you do it a little differently than I do it. I’m your guide.” 4. What do we know about Gellin’s zumba classes? A. They are open to her residents only. B. They are given on a bi-weekly basis. C. They are casually taken by participants. D. They are moderately challenging. 5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. People’s support to Zumba beginners. B. The similarity of starting Zumba and residency. C. The popularity of Zumba classes among residents. D. The toughest period for future physicians. 6. What is the focus of Gellin’s job as a doctor? A. Encouraging diversity in medical practice. B. Preventing residents’ errors in judgement. C. Offering guidance on residents’ possible mistakes. D. Creating a tolerant environment for any outcomes. 7. Which words best describe Gellin? A. Active and supportive. B. Humble and modest. C. Strict and demanding. D. Energetic and aggressive. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了Gellin在白天作为医生以及晚上教授尊巴，通过这种对比突出Gellin的职业生活平衡和教育理念。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“With songs involving more fitness movements such as squats and jumping jacks, Gellin makes sure to alternate the higher and lower intensity songs and dances, giving students a bit of a breather in between and always ending with a cool down period of stretches and deep breathing.(通过包含更多健身动作的歌曲，例如深蹲和开合跳，Gellin确保交替安排高强度和低强度的歌曲和舞蹈，让学生在中间稍作休息，并总是以伸展和深呼吸的放松期结束。)”可知，盖林的尊巴课程设计了难度适中的活动，包括高低强度交替的运动，确保锻炼的挑战性，故选D项。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Each year at URMC, new pediatrics residents get a crash course in Zumba as well. “Residency is a time where it’s probably every physicians’ steepest learning curve in their life,” Gellin said. Drawing some comparisons to beginning a Zumba class, she said,“ It’s a time where they are thrown into doing things they may not feel comfortable doing but there’s always people around to support them.”(每年在URMC，新的儿科住院医师也会接受尊巴速成课程。“住院医师培训是每位医生一生中学习曲线最陡峭的时期，”Gellin说。她将住院医师培训与开始尊巴课程进行了一些比较，说：“这是一个他们被迫去做一些可能感到不自在的事情的时期，但周围总有人支持他们。”)”可知，第三段主要讨论了开始尊巴课程和开始住院医师培训之间的相似性，故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Gellin works on setting up learning so her residents can have safety nets to catch them if they make an error in judgment and prevent patient harm. “A really important part of medicine is actually ‘be who you are’,” Gellin said. “It’s ok if you do it a little differently than I do it. I’m your guide.”(Gellin致力于建立学习环境，以便她的住院医师在判断失误时有安全网来保护他们，并防止患者受到伤害。“医学中非常重要的一部分实际上是‘做你自己’，”Gellin说。“如果你的做法与我有所不同，那也没关系。我是你的指导者。”)”可知，Gellin的主要工作是对住院医师可能犯的错误提供指导。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容和文章第一段“Participants don’t need to copy Gellin’s moves exactly, rather she tells everyone to have fun and move their bodies in whatever way feels the most comfortable for them. “There are no mistakes in Zumba,” she says.(参与者不需要完全照搬Gellin的动作，而是她告诉每个人玩得开心，以他们觉得最舒服的方式移动他们的身体。“尊巴没有错误，”她说)”以及文章第三段“It’s a time where they are thrown into doing things they may not feel comfortable doing but there’s always people around to support them.(这是一个他们被迫做他们可能不舒服的事情的时候，但是总有人在周围支持他们)”可知，Gellin积极领导尊巴课程，强调在医学训练中支持学员的发展，表现出她的积极和支持。故选A项。 C During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of dull “said”? Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own right? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so lifelike that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting — we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. What’s more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a sentence and find out our leading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story. We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when we’re fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost. Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind. Readers need believable dialogue. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak words we can really hear, you will never need to tell us how something was said. 8. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. The word “said” is overused in our stories. B. The use of exciting verbs makes characters alive. C. Varieties of verbs are preferred by judges at contests. D. Strong verbs are considered to be an eye-catcher. 9. According to the author, ______ contributes most to a good story. A. a talkative character B. a vivid conversation C. a collection of dialogue tags D. a wild imagination 10. Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A. Creative dialogue tags help keep readers immersed in reading. B. What was said should be prioritised over how it was said. C. Readers may better understand a scene after rereading the line. D. The more materials a work of fiction contains, the more successful it is. 11. What argumentative methods are used in this article? ① Using examples ② Justifying an assumption ③ Comparing and contrasting ④ Appealing to readers’ emotions A. ①② B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ①③ 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者在最近一次短篇小说比赛的评审期间，思考的关于对话标签的问题，在作者看来，对话方式，即，使用的动词，不应该做过多的描述和强调，而应是注重对话内容的描写。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose.(我们总是被鼓励在我们的文章中使用强烈的、可操作的动词)”以及“Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own right?(为什么每个动词本身就不能成为一颗闪闪发光的小宝石呢？)”可知，写作的人通常会被鼓励使用强烈的，可操作的动词，希望自己使用的动词成为闪闪发光的小宝石。由此推知，强烈的动词能够博人眼球。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so lifelike that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it.(对话就是你的钻石，朋友们。当我们阅读你的作品时，你的对话应该栩栩如生，让我们的大脑“听到”每一行，而不仅仅是阅读它)”可知，在作者看来，对话就是钻石，栩栩如生的对话会让读者“听到”每一行。因此，在作者看来，生动的谈话对一个好故事的贡献最大。故选B项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Readers need believable dialogue. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak words we can really hear, you will never need to tell us how something was said.(读者需要可信的对话。如果你创造了动态的人物，他们说的话我们真的能听到，你就不需要告诉我们是怎么说的)”可知，在作者看来，有了可信的对话，动态的人物，就不需要告诉读者“怎么说的”这个动作了，即，说的话要比如何说更重要。由此推知，作者应该会认同选项B“What was said should be prioritised over how it was said.(说话的内容应该优先于说话的方式)”的论述。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第2段“Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep?（能蹦跳或漫步的时候为什么要写走？能啜泣或痛哭的时候为什么要写哭？）”，用具体的动词替换例子来阐释人们追求强动词的创作倾向；其次使用了对比的论证方法：作者将亮眼的强动词比作钻石，将平实的“said”这类基础表达比作宝石的镶嵌底座，把过度堆砌华丽动词的效果比作一堆零散的石头，将对话本身比作钻石进行对比论证。即本文用到了举例和对比的论证方法，对应①③。②“证明假设”、④“诉诸读者情感”并非本文主要的论证方法。故选D项。 D Whales and birds are frequently quoted as Earth’s chief navigators. Insects, too, are displayed-often represented by butterflies and bees. Ants, however, are rarely on the lips of those discussing nature’s best pilots. This is disheartening, particularly when considering the lack of action to address ants’ declining numbers compared with that for other insects and mammals. Like whales, ants display extraordinary spatial skills as part of their remarkable navigational toolkit. Their most well-known strategy-chemical signalling via pheromones (信息素) to guide nestmates along shared paths-barely scratches the surface. Recent research I was involved with shows a new navigational characteristic for ants living in complex environments. Wood ants (Formica rufa) returning to the nest through the dense woodland exhibit idiosyncratic routes. That is, whereas one ant might always go to the right of a bush and then under a log when returning home, another might always go to the left and then over. This suggests the ants are relying on visual cues as opposed to pheromones, the responses to which would show considerable overlap (重合). Or note the North African desert-residing ant Cataglyphis fortis. Each ant uses an internal “step counter” and heavenly cues to calculate its position relative to the nest in the barren Saharan desert. A recent study revealed that this species also constructs mounds (土堆) as visual cues to help find the way home. Ants don’t benefit from a wide range of conservation strategies. Humpback whales, on the other hand, have thankfully seen their numbers bounce back due to protection initiatives. Indeed, a study of UK conservation policies found that mammals receive more protection than insects. Despite how vital insects are to our planet, their biodiversity is in danger, and it is our duty to make a case for insect protection across the board. Their remarkable navigational accuracy, originating from relatively basic neural circuits, is key to attracting public support. If only more people knew that dung beetles navigate using the Milky Way, for example, their presence on conservation lists would surely be more frequent. Perhaps thinking of insects as individual animals, rather than their collective species, is a start. 12. Why are whales and birds mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To show their reputation is not well-deserved. B. To prove the effectiveness of conservation efforts. C. To highlight ants’ exceptional navigational ability. D. To confirm they are best examples of nature’s navigators. 13. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Individualised. B. Identical. C. Contradictory. D. Complicated. 14. What can be inferred about the ant species from the text? A. Their simple neural circuits fail to win them protection. B. Producing pheromones is their major means of navigation. C. They tell directions by counting their steps in the desert. D. Visual information accounts for their chosen route to the nest. 15. Which could be the best title of the text? A. Navigational genius: Ants’ brilliance overlooked B. Amazing ability: Insects’ navigational secret uncovered C. Best pilot: Ants’ signalling behavior displayed D. Alarming fact: Mammals are being overprotected 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述蚂蚁有非凡的空间技能，在导航能力方面表现突出。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Whales and birds are frequently quoted as Earth’s chief navigators. Insects, too, are displayed-often represented by butterflies and bees. Ants, however, are rarely on the lips of those discussing nature’s best pilots. (鲸鱼和鸟类经常被引用为地球的首席航海家。昆虫也经常以蝴蝶和蜜蜂为代表进行展示。然而，蚂蚁很少出现在那些讨论大自然最好的飞行员的人的嘴里。)”以及下文“Like whales, ants display extraordinary spatial skills as part of their remarkable navigational toolkit. (像鲸鱼一样，蚂蚁表现出非凡的空间技能，这是它们非凡的导航工具包的一部分。)”可知，第一段提到了鲸鱼和鸟类，以突出蚂蚁非凡的导航能力。故选C项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。由第三段“That is, whereas one ant might always go to the right of a bush and then under a log when returning home, another might always go to the left and then over. (也就是说，当一只蚂蚁回家时，它可能总是走到灌木丛的右边，然后在木头下面，而另一只蚂蚁可能总是走左边，然后在上面。)”可知，蚂蚁走的路线不一样，都走自己独特的路线，所以猜测idiosyncratic表“独特的，个性化的”意思。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“This suggests the ants are relying on visual cues as opposed to pheromones, the responses to which would show considerable overlap (重合). Or note the North African desert-residing ant Cataglyphis fortis. Each ant uses an internal ‘step counter’ and heavenly cues to calculate its position relative to the nest in the barren Saharan desert. A recent study revealed that this species also constructs mounds (土堆) as visual cues to help find the way home. (这表明蚂蚁依赖视觉线索，而不是信息素，对信息素的反应会显示出相当大的重叠。或者注意北非沙漠中的蚂蚁Cataglyphis fortis。每只蚂蚁都使用内部的‘步数计数器’和天上的线索来计算它相对于撒哈拉沙漠中贫瘠巢穴的位置。最近的一项研究表明，这种物种还会建造土堆作为视觉线索，以帮助找到回家的路。)”可知，视觉信息能解释蚂蚁选择的筑巢路线。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Like whales, ants display extraordinary spatial skills as part of their remarkable navigational toolkit. (像鲸鱼一样，蚂蚁表现出非凡的空间技能，这是它们非凡的导航工具包的一部分。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲述蚂蚁有非凡的空间技能，在导航能力方面表现突出。所以A项Navigational genius: Ants’ brilliance overlooked(导航天才：蚂蚁的才华被忽视)符合语境。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most important parts of thinking critically is learning what details matter. We’re exposed to so much information and so many different opinions every day that it’s really easy to get lost in the details. ____16____ Here are just a few ways to do that. Always ask questions Knowing which details to watch out for is the first part of critical thinking, ____17____ After all, thinking critically and asking questions go pretty much hand in hand. It’s important to always ask yourself why something is important and how it connects to things you already know. As you do that, you train your brain to make connections between ideas and think critically about more information you come across. Watch for qualifying phrases Thinking critically isn’t just about training your brain, it’s also about training your ear so you notice subtle little words and phrases that can set off warning flags. It’s impossible to pay attention to everything. ____18____ Generally speaking, a good warning flag for when you need to put on that critical thinking cap is when the speaker uses a qualifying statement. Know and Confront your own biases We’re all biased about information whether we realize it or not, and part of critical thinking is cultivating the possibility to see outside those biases. It’s tough, ____19____ Critically thinking doesn’t end. ____20____ It’s navel gazing (钻牛角尖) in that you’re constantly thinking about thinking, but the end result is a brain that automatically forms better arguments, focused ideas and creative solutions to problems. A. It’s likely that you’ll get into a dead-end and get lost in your thoughts. B. but it’s pretty useless if you don’t know what types of questions to ask next. C. Therefore, it’s important to remain clear-headed and focus on the bigger picture. D. The more knowledge you cultivate, the better you’ll become at thinking about it. E. Consequently, we need to train ourselves to learn which details matter and which don’t. F. So knowing the handful of phrases that tend to come before a weak argument is really helpful. G. but if you take the time to think about opposing views throughout the day, you’ll train your brain to do that more often. 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. F 19. G 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何培养批判性思维。 【16题详解】 根据上文“We’re exposed to so much information and so many different opinions every day that it’s really easy to get lost in the details.”（我们每天都接触到如此多的信息和不同的观点，以至于很容易迷失在细节中。）可知，选项与上文为因果关系。故E选项“因此，我们需要训练自己，了解哪些细节重要，哪些不重要”切题。故选E项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Knowing which details to watch out for is the first part of critical thinking,”（知道要注意哪些细节是批判性思维的第一部分）以及下文“After all, thinking critically and asking questions go pretty much hand in hand.”（毕竟，批判性思考和提出问题是密切相关的）可知，选项与上文为转折关系说明了要了解所问问题的类型。asking questions呼应what types of questions。故B选项“但如果你不知道接下来该问什么类型的问题，那就毫无用处了”切题。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Thinking critically isn’t just about training your brain, it’s also about training your ear so you notice subtle little words and phrases that can set off warning flags. It’s impossible to pay attention to everything.”（批判性思维不仅仅是训练你的大脑，也是训练你的耳朵，这样你就能注意到微妙的小词和短语，这些词和短语会引发警告信号。不可能注意到每件事。）可知，选项承接上文且与上文构成因果关系。故F选项“因此，知道在一个弱的论点之前出现的一些短语是很有帮助的。”切题。the handful of phrases呼应little words and phrases。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“We’re all biased about information whether we realize it or not, and part of critical thinking is cultivating the possibility to see outside those biases. It’s tough”（ 不管我们是否意识到，我们都对信息有偏见，批判性思维的一部分就是培养跳出这些偏见的可能性。这很难）可知，选项与上文为并列关系说明坚持批判性思维的益处。故G选项“但如果你花时间思考相反的观点，你会训练你的大脑更经常地这样做。”切题。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Critically thinking doesn’t end.”（批判性思维不会结束。）以及根据下文“It’s navel gazin g(钻牛角尖) in that you’re constantly thinking about thinking, but the end result is a brain that automatically forms better arguments, focused ideas and creative solutions to problems.”（这是一种全神贯注的思考，因为你一直在思考，但最终的结果是大脑会自动形成更好的论点，集中的想法和创造性的解决问题的方法。）可知，批判性思维不会结束，反而会随着知识的增长，逐渐得到增强，故D选项“你积累的知识越多，你就越善于思考。”切题。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was on my first-ever multi-day hiking trip, something that had been a bucket-list item for me for many years. As I ____21____ in my tent, possibly miles away from the nearest human, and listened to the ____22____ outside I couldn’t help but think, maybe I don’t belong out here. I’m not your ____23____ backpacker. I’m a thirty- seven-year old female, a wife and homeschooling mom of two. I like camping, but I’d never done it alone. I had trained for months by carrying a heavy backpack on long, rugged hikes. I had learned to ____24____ my tent without help and hang my food bag in a tree. I had ____25____ backpacking essentials and was equipped with all the necessities, yet I couldn’t shake the ____26____ that the next morning’s local headlines would say something about my misfortune. Somehow, I ____27____ to find sleep that night. The next morning, I celebrated my hours of ____28____ by enjoying breakfast by a campfire that took me a (n) ____29____ long time to set aflame. I watched the sunrise and then prepared for another long day of hiking. Over the next couple of days, my _____30_____ grew. I hiked up steep hills and mountains, _____31_____ snakes that were lying across the trail, and saw beautiful waterfalls and views that served as _____32_____ for my hard work. Although I had struggled initially to _____33_____ myself as a backpacker, the hours I spent on the trail showed me one simple, beautiful truth: A backpacker is someone who backpacks. Four days later, I _____34_____ from the woods- tired, bug bitten, blistered, dirty… and triumphant. I had created my own adventure. And I had found an unlikely place to _____35_____. 21. A. broke down B. slept tight C. wandered about D. lay awake 22. A. noises B. whispers C. music D. quarrels 23. A. favourite B. brave C. typical D. friendly 24. A. search for B. put up C. hold up D. tear down 25. A. researched B. buried C. changed D. delivered 26. A. hope B. fear C. belief D. fact 27. A. failed B. struggled C. managed D. hurried 28. A. dream B. survival C. challenge D. hike 29. A. strangely B. amazingly C. embarrassingly D. mysteriously 30. A. strength B. wisdom C. emotion D. confidence 31. A. fled from B. navigated around C. stepped on D. tripped over 32. A. references B. reminders C. evidence D. rewards 33. A. rate B. distinguish C. define D. identify 34. A. emerged B. withdrew C. escaped D. suffered 35. A. cherish B. belong C. share D. remember 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者自己的徒步经历，尽管作者不是一个典型的背包客，没有宿营的经历，但这次经历使作者自信心增强，创造了自己的冒险。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我醒着躺在帐篷里，离最近的人可能有好几英里远，听着外面的嘈杂声，我不禁想，也许我不属于这里。A. broke down坏了；B. slept tight睡得香；C. wandered about闲逛；D. lay awake躺在床上无法入睡。根据下文“listened to the ____2____ outside”可知，作者醒着躺在帐篷里。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我醒着躺在帐篷里，离最近的人可能有好几英里远，听着外面的嘈杂声，我不禁想，也许我不属于这里。A. noises噪音；B. whispers低语；C. music音乐； D. quarrels争吵。根据上文“multi-day hiking trip”以及常识可知，户外会有很多噪音。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不是典型的背包客。A. favourite最喜欢的；B. brave勇敢的；C. typical典型的；D. friendly友好的。根据下文“I’m a thirty- seven-year old female, a wife and homeschooling mom of two.”可知，作者不是典型的背包客。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我已经学会了在没有帮助的情况下搭帐篷，把食物袋挂在树上。A. search for寻找；B. put up张贴，搭建；C. hold up举起；D. tear down拆除。根据下文“hang my food bag in a tree”以及常识可知，户外宿营需要搭建帐篷。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经研究了背包旅行的必需品，并配备了所有的必需品，但我无法摆脱对第二天早上当地头条新闻会报道我的不幸的恐惧。A. researched研究；B. buried埋葬；C. changed改变；D. delivered 投递。根据下文“was equipped with all the necessities,”可知，作者研究了背包旅行的必需品。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经研究了背包旅行的必需品，并配备了所有的必需品，但我无法摆脱对第二天早上当地头条新闻会报道我的不幸的恐惧。A. hope希望；B. fear害怕；C. belief信念；D. fact事实。根下文“my misfortune”可知，作者害怕当地头条新闻会报道自己的不幸。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，那天晚上我总算睡着了。A. failed失败；B. struggled挣扎；C. managed管理，设法做某事；D. hurried匆匆。根据上文“Somehow”以及下文“The next morning”可知，那天晚上作者总算睡着了。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我在营火旁享用早餐，庆祝自己活了几个小时，我尴尬地花了很长时间才把它点燃。A. dream梦想；B. survival幸存；C. challenge挑战；D. hike徒步。根据下文“enjoying breakfast by a campfire”可知，作者这一晚熬了过来，自己还活着。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我在营火旁享用早餐，庆祝自己活了几个小时，我尴尬地花了很长时间才把它点燃。A. strangely陌生地；B. amazingly令人惊讶地； C. embarrassingly令人尴尬地；D. mysteriously神秘地。根据上文可知，作者不是一个典型的背包客，以及下文“long time to set aflame.”可知，作者尴尬地花了很长时间才把火点燃。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，我的信心增强了。A. strength力量；B. wisdom智慧；C. emotion情感；D. confidence自信。根据下文“I hiked up steep hills and mountains, ____11____ snakes that were lying across the trail”可知，作者信心大增。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我爬上陡峭的山丘和高山，绕过横亘在小径上的蛇，看到了美丽的瀑布和景色，这些都是我努力的回报。A. fled from从……逃跑；B. navigated around绕过，避开；C. stepped on踩上；D. tripped over被绊倒。根据下文“snakes”可知，遇到蛇要避开。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我爬上陡峭的山丘和高山，绕过横亘在小径上的蛇，看到了美丽的瀑布和景色，这些都是我努力的回报。A. references参考；B. reminders提醒物；C. evidence证据；D. rewards回报。根据上文“saw beautiful waterfalls and views”可知，作者的努力得到了回报。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然一开始我很难把自己定义为背包客，但我在路上花的几个小时向我展示了一个简单而美丽的事实:背包客就是会背包的人。A. rate评价，评定；B. distinguish区分；C. define下定义；D. identify确定。根据上文“I’m not your ____3____ backpacker.”可知，一开始作者很难把自己定义为背包客。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：天后，我从树林里走了出来——疲惫不堪，被虫子咬了，浑身起了水泡，浑身脏兮兮……我创造了自己的冒险。A. emerged出现；B. withdrew提，取（银行账户中的钱款）；C. escaped逃跑；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“from the woods- tired, bug bitten, blistered, dirty… and triumphant”可知，作者最终从树林出来了。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一个不可能属于我的地方。A. cherish珍惜；B. belong属于；C. share分享；D. remember记得。根据上文“I don’t belong out here.”可知，作者找到了一个不可能属于自己的地方。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee in New Delhi, India on July 27, 2024, the Beijing Central Axis-“A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital” was announced ____36____ (list) as China’s 59th World Heritage site. The Beijing Central Axis, situated at the core of the ancient city of Beijing, ____37____ (span) 7.8 kilometers with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end. The Central Axis is not an actual road, but a ____38____ (harmony) cluster of distinct buildings and sites. Originating in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the Beijing Central Axis is classified ____39____ a “building complex” in terms of cultural heritage, ____40____ (comprise) 15 components. It is a combination of buildings and sites ____41____ dominate the planning pattern of the entire old city. It is ____42____ carrier of traditional Chinese concepts and beliefs, constructing a symbol for national order and witnessing the ____43____ (form) of the Chinese ancient architectural art culture. Heritage experts said that the ____44____ (unique) of the Beijing Central Axis fills a gap in the world Heritage List regarding the ideal of urban landscape ____45____ the type of core architectural groups in the east, thus possessing outstanding universal value. To date, China currently boasts 59 world heritage sites, including 40 cultural heritage sites, 15 natural heritage sites, and 4 mixed cultural and natural heritage sites. 【答案】36. to be listed 37. spans 38. harmonious 39. as 40. comprising 41. which##that 42. a 43. formation 44. uniqueness 45. and 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京中轴线的历史和现实意义。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年7月27日，在印度新德里举行的世界遗产委员会第46届会议上，北京中轴线——“展示中国首都理想秩序的建筑群”被宣布为中国第59个世界遗产。这里考查非谓语，be announced to do，表“被宣布做某事”，且the Beijing Central Axis与list为被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。 故填to be listed。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：北京中轴线位于北京古城的中心，全长7.8公里，北端有钟鼓楼，南端有永定门。此空考查谓语动词，主语The Beijing Central Axis与span(跨越，横跨)为主动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填spans。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中轴线不是一条真正的道路，而是一组和谐的不同建筑和遗址。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，harmonious“和谐的”，符合句意。故填harmonious。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：北京中轴线起源于元代（1279-1368），从文化遗产的角度来看，它被归类为“建筑群”，包含15个部分。固定搭配be classified as“被分类为”。故填as。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：北京中轴线起源于元代（1279-1368），从文化遗产的角度来看，它被归类为“建筑群”，包含15个部分。the Beijing Central Axis与comprise为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填comprising。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它是建筑和场地的组合，主导着整个旧城的规划模式。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词buildings and sites，为物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是中国传统观念和信仰的载体，是国家秩序的象征，见证了中国古代建筑艺术文化的形成。此处泛指“一个载体”，应用不定冠词，且carrier为辅音音素开始的单词，应用a。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：它是中国传统观念和信仰的载体，是国家秩序的象征，见证了中国古代建筑艺术文化的形成。分析句子可知，冠词the后应填名词，formation，表“形成”，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填formation。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：遗产专家表示，北京中轴线的独特性填补了世界遗产名录中关于城市景观理想和东部核心建筑群类型的空白，因此具有突出的普遍价值。分析句子可知，冠词the后应填名词，uniqueness，表“独特性”，为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填uniqueness。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：遗产专家表示，北京中轴线的独特性填补了世界遗产名录中关于城市景观理想和东部核心建筑群类型的空白，因此具有突出的普遍价值。分析句子可知，the ideal of urban landscape与 the type of core architectural groups in the east为并列关系，所以这里应用并列连词and。故填and。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你班下周英语课将以“独自学习还是组团学习”(Better to study alone or in a group)为主题展开辩论，请你就此辩题写一篇发言稿。要点包括： 1. 你的观点； 2. 你的理由。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear fellow students, Today, I stand before you to advocate for the benefits of group study over solo study. Firstly, it takes advantage of collective intelligence. Each group member contributes unique ideas, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Secondly, it builds a sense of responsibility. Knowing others rely on you motivates you to be consistent and diligent, which is crucial for long-term academic success. Lastly, group study improves communication and teamwork skills, which are invaluable both in school and beyond. In conclusion, while solo study offers flexibility, group study is more effective and more enjoyable. Thank you. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“独自学习还是组团学习”(Better to study alone or in a group)的辩题写一篇发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 支持，辩护：advocate for → support 责任：responsibility →duty 坚持的：consistent→ perseverant 重要的：crucial→ important/vital 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Each group member contributes unique ideas, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the subject. 拓展句：Each group member contributes unique ideas, which leads to a comprehensive understanding of the subject. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Each group member contributes unique ideas, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the subject.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Knowing others rely on you motivates you to be consistent and diligent, which is crucial for long-term academic success.（运用了动名词作主语，省略that的宾语从句，还有which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My head started spinning and my heart began racing a million miles a minute when our teacher gave us the assignment to talk about someone we were grateful for in front of the whole class. “I’m so nervous that I can hardly catch my breath!” I told my friend Mareya. “You’ve been in at least three plays,” Mareya pointed out. “If you don’t get stage fright in front of those big audiences, why are you bothered by a few kids in our class?” “Maybe in a play you’re part of a group and you say lines from a script (剧本).” I shook my head. “There are so many people I’m grateful for. There’s no way I could possibly pick just one. Plus, even if I picked one, I’d have no idea what to say. Plus even if I figured out what to say, I’m a million-percent positive I’d mess up if I tried to say it out loud! I’d be standing there with everyone staring at me, waiting for words to come out of my mouth.” I put my hands over my ears and said, “I don’t want to talk about it!” But one thing about really good friends who know you really well is that they don’t always do exactly what you ask them to. She drew a funny elephant on a piece of paper with the word BREATHE coming out of its trunk. “This is Franky,” she giggled, “the ‘everything’s going to be all right’ elephant.” “Franky’s the best,” I said,“ How about he talks in front of the class so I don’t have to?” Mareya held the picture up to her ear. “What’s that you say, Franky? You think Arizona should come over to my house this weekend so we can work on our talks together?” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 We met on Saturday and tried to decide on our pick. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Monday morning came. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We met on Saturday and tried to decide on our pick. We discussed, finalized the draft, and rehearse the homework. But I was still unsure if I could make it in front of the whole class. “Just imagine all the elephants drawn by me are those big audiences” suggested Mareya, sticking all the pictures of Franky to each chair. It did work! Never did I felt nervous. I was so grateful for the elephants that I decided to talk about Franky on Monday morning. Mareya giggled and nodded her head. Monday morning came. Though it was true that there were many people I was grateful to, I thought it was Mareya that I should express my gratitude to the here and now. Clearing my throat, I started, “Today, I’d like to talk about Mareya, a friend I will always be grateful to.” Hearing the words, Mareya widened her eyes and looked at me in surprise. Then I recalled good times spent with Mareya and how she managed to help me out whenever I was in trouble. Upon finishing the talk, I trotted towards Mareya and gave her a bear hug. Meanwhile, thunderous applause rang through the classroom. 【解析】 【导语】本文是人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为老师布置的作业而发愁，因为老师让他们周末在家写一篇自己要感谢的人的文章，并且周一在班里和大家分享。而作者害怕在全班同学目前演讲，所以去找自己的好朋友Mareya抱怨，Mareya想办法帮助作者克服这个心理障碍。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“我们在星期六见面，试图确定我们的选择。”可知，第一段可描写Mareya帮助作者如何写那篇文章的事情。 ②由第二段句首内容“星期一早上到了。”可知，第二段可描写作者为什么要说Mareya是她很感谢的人。 2.续写线索：二人见面——讨论要感谢的人——确定写弗兰基——感谢Mareya——回忆Mareya对作者的帮助——两个人都很高兴——演讲很成功 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①建议：suggest/ propose ②决定：decide/ determine ③开始：start/ begin 情绪类 ①焦虑的：nervous/ anxious ②感激的：grateful/ thankful 【点睛】【高分句型1】But I was still unsure if I could make it in front of the whole class. (运用了if引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】“Just imagine all the elephants drawn by me are those big audiences” suggested Mareya, sticking all the pictures of Franky to each chair. (运用了现在分词sticking作状语) 【高分句型3】Though it was true that there were many people I was grateful to, I thought it was Mareya that I should express my gratitude to the here and now. (运用了that引导的主语从句、it was...that强调句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024年湖北云学部分重点高中联盟高三年级10月联考 英语试卷 考试时间：2024年10月9日8:00-10:00 时长：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Why can’t the woman go to the game? A. She forgot her ticket at home. B. She doesn’t want to wait in line. C. She has to look after her nephew. 2. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. Over the phone. 3. How much change can the man get? A. Five dollars. B. Seven dollars. C. Eight dollars. 4. What is the woman’s problem? A. A meeting room is occupied. B. The meeting has been canceled. C. Some software can’t be downloaded. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The essay part was easy. B. She regretted not studying enough. C. Her preparation paid off in the exam. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A research project. B. A company dinner. C. A customer survey. 7. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Training the staff. B. Changing some rules. C. Attending a conference. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Where will the woman go? A. Room 106. B. Room 210. C. Room 309. 9. Why will the man attend Dr. Probst’s lecture? A. He is a world- famous expert. B. He was a former classmate. C. He developed a new medical theory. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What season is it now? A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Winter. 11. What does John say about the young man’s coat? A. He doesn’t like the color. B. He thinks it is out of style. C. He is unsure if it would suit him. 12. What color are most of John’s clothes? A. Green. B. Black. C. Yellow. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How did Janet get introduced to stand-up comedy? A. By watching a performance. B. By joining a local drama club. C. By performing in school plays. 14. How did Janet’s parents react to her career choice? A. They encouraged her to follow her passion. B. They were unsupportive and discouraged her. C. They wanted her to follow a more traditional career. 15. What challenges does Janet face while performing? A. Creating her own material. B. Amusing the audience. C. Being alone on stage. 16. What motivates Janet to continue performing? A. The desire to uplift others. B. The wish to gain recognition. C. The chance to challenge herself. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What will be provided for the listeners? A. Clothes. B. Gloves. C. Breakfast. 18. What should the listeners do with fruit? A. Leave it untouched. B. Place it in the red bag. C. Put it into a special container. 19. What should the listeners do if they cut their hands? A. Seek help from fellow participants. B. Visit the nearest hospital. C. Turn to the speaker. 20. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To give instructions. B. To promote a program. C. To welcome the listeners. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It’s no wonder the train from London to Edinburgh is one of Trainline’s top three bestselling routes for American travelers. Here are the most popular routes to exploring the Scottish Highlands by train, all starting in Edinburgh。 For those seeking out the fabled Loch Ness monster, Inverness is the closest train station to the famous lake. From the station, travelers can take a bus or taxi to Fort Augustus and board a boat tour or fishing charter to try to spot the creature. Even if she isn’t found, Loch Ness is still a sight for the eyes, with a historic port and trails through the forests and past waterfalls. As Scotland’s second-largest loch and holding more water than any other lake in the U.K., Loch Ness is a great place to fish or boat. Although a long train ride, the trip from Edinburgh to Mallaig, a charming fishing village, is worth it. This route offers some of the best scenery in the world — in fact, riders might recognize the train and its route, which goes over the Glenfinnan Viaduct, as Harry Potter’s Hogwarts Express. Travelers can board the 19th-century-inspired Jacobite Steam Train and wind past enchanting villages, the Morar River and beaches. At an altitude of over 4,412 feet, Ben Nevis is an ancient volcano that exploded and collapsed on itself to become the tallest mountain in the British Isles. Travelers can take the train to Fort William, a town offering castles, distilleries, rugged coastlines. The town is also titled as the “Outdoor Capital” of Scotland, so thrill seekers can go skiing and hiking to their heart’s desire. If hiking Ben Nevis doesn’t sound appealing, there’s also a boat that provides stunning views without the exercise. 1. What is special about the train to Mallaig? A. It has the longest train route in Scotland. B. It travels to the same stop in Harry Potter movie. C. It once appeared in the story of Harry Potter. D. It is an exact copy of the 19th-century steam train. 2. Which place attracts adventurous sports lovers? A. Fort Augustus. B. Mallaig. C. Glenfinnan Viaduct. D. Fort William. 3. What do the three destinations have in common? A. They are all located along the south coast. B. Boating is the most attractive activity there. C. They offer hiker-friendly routes for exploration. D. They are connected to Edinburgh by trains. B During the day, Gellin is the Pediatric Residents (儿科实习医生) Program Director at the UR Medical Center (URMC) and a doctor at Golisano Children’s Hospital. At night though, twice a week she leads Zumba classes that attract all sorts of people. Participants don’t need to copy Gellin’s moves exactly, rather she tells everyone to have fun and move their bodies in whatever way feels the most comfortable for them. “There are no mistakes in Zumba,” she says. “Zumba is meant to be a workout after all, so my goal is to present a level that no matter where you are, you have to push yourself.” With songs involving more fitness movements such as squats and jumping jacks, Gellin makes sure to alternate (交替) the higher and lower intensity songs and dances, giving students a bit of a breather in between and always ending with a cooldown period of stretches and deep breathing. Each year at URMC, new pediatrics residents get a crash course in Zumba as well. “Residency is a time where it’s probably every physicians’ steepest learning curve in their life,” Gellin said. Drawing some comparisons to beginning a Zumba class, she said,“ It’s a time where they are thrown into doing things they may not feel comfortable doing but there’s always people around to support them.” Gellin noted that most of her job is actually centered around education rather than practicing medicine, so she spends a lot of time thinking about what safe learning spaces mean and look like. This has translated into her Zumba teaching as well; while there are no mistakes in Zumba, as she tells newcomers, there are unfortunately mistakes in medicine-some with serious consequences. Gellin works on setting up learning so her residents can have safety nets to catch them if they make an error in judgment and prevent patient harm. “A really important part of medicine is actually ‘be who you are’,” Gellin said. “It’s OK if you do it a little differently than I do it. I’m your guide.” 4. What do we know about Gellin’s zumba classes? A. They are open to her residents only. B. They are given on a bi-weekly basis. C. They are casually taken by participants. D. They are moderately challenging. 5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. People’s support to Zumba beginners. B. The similarity of starting Zumba and residency. C. The popularity of Zumba classes among residents. D. The toughest period for future physicians. 6. What is the focus of Gellin’s job as a doctor? A. Encouraging diversity in medical practice. B. Preventing residents’ errors in judgement. C. Offering guidance on residents’ possible mistakes. D. Creating a tolerant environment for any outcomes. 7. Which words best describe Gellin? A. Active and supportive. B. Humble and modest. C. Strict and demanding. D. Energetic and aggressive. C During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of dull “said”? Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own right? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so lifelike that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting — we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. What’s more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a sentence and find out our leading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story. We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when we’re fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost. Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind. Readers need believable dialogue. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak words we can really hear, you will never need to tell us how something was said. 8. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. The word “said” is overused in our stories. B. The use of exciting verbs makes characters alive. C. Varieties of verbs are preferred by judges at contests. D. Strong verbs are considered to be an eye-catcher. 9. According to the author, ______ contributes most to a good story. A. a talkative character B. a vivid conversation C. a collection of dialogue tags D. a wild imagination 10. Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A. Creative dialogue tags help keep readers immersed in reading. B. What was said should be prioritised over how it was said. C. Readers may better understand a scene after rereading the line. D. The more materials a work of fiction contains, the more successful it is. 11. What argumentative methods are used in this article? ① Using examples ② Justifying an assumption ③ Comparing and contrasting ④ Appealing to readers’ emotions A. ①② B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ①③ D Whales and birds are frequently quoted as Earth’s chief navigators. Insects, too, are displayed-often represented by butterflies and bees. Ants, however, are rarely on the lips of those discussing nature’s best pilots. This is disheartening, particularly when considering the lack of action to address ants’ declining numbers compared with that for other insects and mammals. Like whales, ants display extraordinary spatial skills as part of their remarkable navigational toolkit. Their most well-known strategy-chemical signalling via pheromones (信息素) to guide nestmates along shared paths-barely scratches the surface. Recent research I was involved with shows a new navigational characteristic for ants living in complex environments. Wood ants (Formica rufa) returning to the nest through the dense woodland exhibit idiosyncratic routes. That is, whereas one ant might always go to the right of a bush and then under a log when returning home, another might always go to the left and then over. This suggests the ants are relying on visual cues as opposed to pheromones, the responses to which would show considerable overlap (重合). Or note the North African desert-residing ant Cataglyphis fortis. Each ant uses an internal “step counter” and heavenly cues to calculate its position relative to the nest in the barren Saharan desert. A recent study revealed that this species also constructs mounds (土堆) as visual cues to help find the way home. Ants don’t benefit from a wide range of conservation strategies. Humpback whales, on the other hand, have thankfully seen their numbers bounce back due to protection initiatives. Indeed, a study of UK conservation policies found that mammals receive more protection than insects. Despite how vital insects are to our planet, their biodiversity is in danger, and it is our duty to make a case for insect protection across the board. Their remarkable navigational accuracy, originating from relatively basic neural circuits, is key to attracting public support. If only more people knew that dung beetles navigate using the Milky Way, for example, their presence on conservation lists would surely be more frequent. Perhaps thinking of insects as individual animals, rather than their collective species, is a start. 12. Why are whales and birds mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To show their reputation is not well-deserved. B. To prove the effectiveness of conservation efforts. C. To highlight ants’ exceptional navigational ability. D. To confirm they are best examples of nature’s navigators. 13. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Individualised. B. Identical. C. Contradictory. D. Complicated. 14. What can be inferred about the ant species from the text? A. Their simple neural circuits fail to win them protection. B. Producing pheromones is their major means of navigation. C. They tell directions by counting their steps in the desert. D. Visual information accounts for their chosen route to the nest. 15. Which could be the best title of the text? A. Navigational genius: Ants’ brilliance overlooked B. Amazing ability: Insects’ navigational secret uncovered C. Best pilot: Ants’ signalling behavior displayed D. Alarming fact: Mammals are being overprotected 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most important parts of thinking critically is learning what details matter. We’re exposed to so much information and so many different opinions every day that it’s really easy to get lost in the details. ____16____ Here are just a few ways to do that. Always ask questions Knowing which details to watch out for is the first part of critical thinking, ____17____ After all, thinking critically and asking questions go pretty much hand in hand. It’s important to always ask yourself why something is important and how it connects to things you already know. As you do that, you train your brain to make connections between ideas and think critically about more information you come across. Watch for qualifying phrases Thinking critically isn’t just about training your brain, it’s also about training your ear so you notice subtle little words and phrases that can set off warning flags. It’s impossible to pay attention to everything. ____18____ Generally speaking, a good warning flag for when you need to put on that critical thinking cap is when the speaker uses a qualifying statement. Know and Confront your own biases We’re all biased about information whether we realize it or not, and part of critical thinking is cultivating the possibility to see outside those biases. It’s tough, ____19____ Critically thinking doesn’t end. ____20____ It’s navel gazing (钻牛角尖) in that you’re constantly thinking about thinking, but the end result is a brain that automatically forms better arguments, focused ideas and creative solutions to problems. A. It’s likely that you’ll get into a dead-end and get lost in your thoughts. B. but it’s pretty useless if you don’t know what types of questions to ask next. C. Therefore, it’s important to remain clear-headed and focus on the bigger picture. D. The more knowledge you cultivate, the better you’ll become at thinking about it. E. Consequently, we need to train ourselves to learn which details matter and which don’t. F. So knowing the handful of phrases that tend to come before a weak argument is really helpful. G. but if you take the time to think about opposing views throughout the day, you’ll train your brain to do that more often. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was on my first-ever multi-day hiking trip, something that had been a bucket-list item for me for many years. As I ____21____ in my tent, possibly miles away from the nearest human, and listened to the ____22____ outside I couldn’t help but think, maybe I don’t belong out here. I’m not your ____23____ backpacker. I’m a thirty- seven-year old female, a wife and homeschooling mom of two. I like camping, but I’d never done it alone. I had trained for months by carrying a heavy backpack on long, rugged hikes. I had learned to ____24____ my tent without help and hang my food bag in a tree. I had ____25____ backpacking essentials and was equipped with all the necessities, yet I couldn’t shake the ____26____ that the next morning’s local headlines would say something about my misfortune. Somehow, I ____27____ to find sleep that night. The next morning, I celebrated my hours of ____28____ by enjoying breakfast by a campfire that took me a (n) ____29____ long time to set aflame. I watched the sunrise and then prepared for another long day of hiking. Over the next couple of days, my _____30_____ grew. I hiked up steep hills and mountains, _____31_____ snakes that were lying across the trail, and saw beautiful waterfalls and views that served as _____32_____ for my hard work. Although I had struggled initially to _____33_____ myself as a backpacker, the hours I spent on the trail showed me one simple, beautiful truth: A backpacker is someone who backpacks. Four days later, I _____34_____ from the woods- tired, bug bitten, blistered, dirty… and triumphant. I had created my own adventure. And I had found an unlikely place to _____35_____. 21. A. broke down B. slept tight C. wandered about D. lay awake 22. A. noises B. whispers C. music D. quarrels 23. A. favourite B. brave C. typical D. friendly 24. A. search for B. put up C. hold up D. tear down 25. A. researched B. buried C. changed D. delivered 26. A. hope B. fear C. belief D. fact 27. A. failed B. struggled C. managed D. hurried 28. A. dream B. survival C. challenge D. hike 29. A. strangely B. amazingly C. embarrassingly D. mysteriously 30. A. strength B. wisdom C. emotion D. confidence 31. A. fled from B. navigated around C. stepped on D. tripped over 32. A. references B. reminders C. evidence D. rewards 33. A. rate B. distinguish C. define D. identify 34. A. emerged B. withdrew C. escaped D. suffered 35. A. cherish B. belong C. share D. remember 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee in New Delhi, India on July 27, 2024, the Beijing Central Axis-“A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital” was announced ____36____ (list) as China’s 59th World Heritage site. The Beijing Central Axis, situated at the core of the ancient city of Beijing, ____37____ (span) 7.8 kilometers with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end. The Central Axis is not an actual road, but a ____38____ (harmony) cluster of distinct buildings and sites. Originating in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the Beijing Central Axis is classified ____39____ a “building complex” in terms of cultural heritage, ____40____ (comprise) 15 components. It is a combination of buildings and sites ____41____ dominate the planning pattern of the entire old city. It is ____42____ carrier of traditional Chinese concepts and beliefs, constructing a symbol for national order and witnessing the ____43____ (form) of the Chinese ancient architectural art culture. Heritage experts said that the ____44____ (unique) of the Beijing Central Axis fills a gap in the world Heritage List regarding the ideal of urban landscape ____45____ the type of core architectural groups in the east, thus possessing outstanding universal value. To date, China currently boasts 59 world heritage sites, including 40 cultural heritage sites, 15 natural heritage sites, and 4 mixed cultural and natural heritage sites. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你班下周英语课将以“独自学习还是组团学习”(Better to study alone or in a group)为主题展开辩论，请你就此辩题写一篇发言稿。要点包括： 1. 你的观点； 2. 你的理由。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My head started spinning and my heart began racing a million miles a minute when our teacher gave us the assignment to talk about someone we were grateful for in front of the whole class. “I’m so nervous that I can hardly catch my breath!” I told my friend Mareya. “You’ve been in at least three plays,” Mareya pointed out. “If you don’t get stage fright in front of those big audiences, why are you bothered by a few kids in our class?” “Maybe in a play you’re part of a group and you say lines from a script (剧本).” I shook my head. “There are so many people I’m grateful for. There’s no way I could possibly pick just one. Plus, even if I picked one, I’d have no idea what to say. Plus even if I figured out what to say, I’m a million-percent positive I’d mess up if I tried to say it out loud! I’d be standing there with everyone staring at me, waiting for words to come out of my mouth.” I put my hands over my ears and said, “I don’t want to talk about it!” But one thing about really good friends who know you really well is that they don’t always do exactly what you ask them to. She drew a funny elephant on a piece of paper with the word BREATHE coming out of its trunk. “This is Franky,” she giggled, “the ‘everything’s going to be all right’ elephant.” “Franky’s the best,” I said,“ How about he talks in front of the class so I don’t have to?” Mareya held the picture up to her ear. “What’s that you say, Franky? You think Arizona should come over to my house this weekend so we can work on our talks together?” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 We met on Saturday and tried to decide on our pick. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Monday morning came. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $