05 第一部分 必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE-【名师导航】2025年高考英语一轮总复习讲义（北师大版）

HUMANS AND NATURE 续写语料积累 背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀 1．(心理描写)(2022·全国甲卷)Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay． 2．(神态描写)(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)My face lit up with joys as I accepted the award，my smile filled with pride． 3．(背景描写)(2022·浙江1月卷)She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming，heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total white-out conditions in Kansas． (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I bit back my frustration(懊恼)．I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing．After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward． 核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．_______ vt．估量，衡量；测量 2．________ n．灾难；灾祸 3．_______ adj．拥挤的；挤满人的 4．______ adj．活的，活着的 5．_______ n．& vt．努力，尝试，企图 6．_______ vt．过度使用；滥用 7．____ n．基地，大本营；基础 vt．以……为基地 8．______ n．& vt．营救；救援 9．_________ vi．&vt．打断讲话 10．________ adj．高兴的，兴高采烈的 11．_____ vt．证明；证实 1．There are many big trees in our school，some _________ (measure) 20 meters high． 2．The article ________ (base) on guesses about what might happen in the future． 3．The village was struck by one of the worst _________ (disaster) in history． 4．He ran quickly to the old woman，__________ (attempt) to save her from being knocked down． 5．He spoke for twenty minutes without ________________________ (interrupt)． 6．Luckily，the drowning boy _________ (rescue) by a kind man at last． 派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．shock vt．使震惊； 使难以置信→_______ adj．感到震惊的→________ adj．令人震惊的，令人惊愕的 2．survive vi．&vt．活下来；幸存→________ n．幸存者；幸免者→________ n．幸存，幸免 3．fright n．受惊，害怕→________ v．使害怕，使受惊→__________ adj．受惊的，害怕的→___________ adj．令人害怕的 4．curious adj．好奇的→_________ n．好奇，好奇心→_________ adv．好奇地 5．prepare vt．预备，准备→___________ n．预备，准备 6．protect v．保护→__________ n．保护；防护→__________ adj．保护的，防护的 7．breath n．呼吸→_______ vi．& vt．呼吸→__________ adj．气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的 8．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→_________ adj．有雄心的；野心勃勃的 9．honest adj．诚实的→_______ n．坦诚；诚实，正直→_________ adj．不诚实的 10．brave adj．勇敢的→_______ n．勇气；勇敢的行为 11．erupt v．爆发；喷出→_________ n．爆发 12．equal adj．相等的；相同的→_______ adv．同样地；同等地→________ n．平等 13．conduct vt．实施；进行；执行 vi．& vt．指挥→_________ n．指挥；售票员 14．observe vt．观察；注意→___________ n．观察；观察结果 15．distant adj．久远的；遥远的→________ n．距离，间距 1．The young man with great ________ had an _________ plan to build a school in the poor village．(ambition) 2．Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to _______ the fresh air．Although I became ___________when I was on the top，the_______ of fresh air was worth it．(breath) 3．On seeing the ___________ scene of the traffic accident，the __________ child was trembling with ______．(fright) 4．I was struck by the boy full of _________，who was always asking some questions _________．(curious) 5．When I came in，my mother _____________ a meal while my father was making ____________ for his report．(prepare) 6．__________ your skin from being sunburnt，you can sit under the tree，which forms a natural __________ from the sun's rays．(protect) 7．Everyone in the street was _______ when they heard the ________ news．(shock) 8．Only one passenger ________ the air crash．When the ________ was interviewed，he said his ________ was a wonder．(survive) 9．The volcano _______ on Wednesday and a huge cloud of gas and dust from the ________ covered the whole sky．(erupt) 10．He thinks that all human beings are born _____，and that we should be treated _______．(equal) 高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏中短语的适当形式填空) 1．_____________________________对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．___________突然 3．______________在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4．___________________朝着……方向 5．______________ 以极快的速度 6．__________吸气 7．________继续 8．_______用完；耗尽 9．__________停止运转，出故障 10．__________抓住 1．I turned to my father for help，but he___________________ me． 2．Talking and laughing，they wandered off ___________________ the nearest store． 3．Your sister passed me in her new car，driving ______________． 4．He __________ telling jokes，laughing his head off． 5．Don't worry．If our money ________，we can borrow some from my sister． 6．I was late this morning because my car __________ on the way to the company． 7．He was imprisoned for 19 years yet __________ his belief in his people． 原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵 1．the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...“越……，就越……” The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。 __________ the ground is，___________ the air becomes．(应用文之叙事句) 2．完全倒装 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter． 门开了，史密斯先生进来了。 The door opened and ____________．(续写之动作描写) 3．对过去事实进行相反的假设 If people hadn't taken the meat，the wolves would have left the farmers' sheep alone． 我如果看过这场电影，我就把电影内容告诉你了。 If I ______ the film，I ______________ you about it．(续写之对话描写) 1．shock [课本义]vt．使震惊；使难以置信 　[增补义]n．休克；打击；震惊 ①Tom was shocked _______ (hear) the ________ (shock) news that there would be a volcanic eruption． ②I am shocked _____ the news that the number of baleen whales has reduced by 99% in the last century． 看到窗外浓烟滚滚，他吓得呆若木鸡。 Seeing heavy smoke shooting out of the window，______________________． ◎in shock震惊地；休克 ◎be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆 ◎be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊 ◎be shocked to do...因做……而震惊 ◎shocking adj．令人震惊的 ◎shocked adj．感到震惊的 ◎the most shocking book of its time那个时代最令人震惊的书 ◎a shock of hair 浓密的头发 2．escape [课本义]vi．& vt．逃离；逃避 　[增补义]vi．&vt．被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避；漏出 ①The frightened deer tried to escape ____________ (catch) by the tiger，but in vain． ②To our relief，these trapped miners escaped ____ the collapsed mine． 我刚逃离它，它就烧毁了。 Hardly _____________________ when it burned down． ◎escape from从……逃脱；逃避…… ◎escape doing/being done sth．逃避(被)做某事 ◎have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过 ◎some gas escaping from the pipe一些从管子里溢出的气体 ◎There is no escape from the long arm of the law．法网恢恢，疏而不漏。 3．survive [课本义]vi．& vt．活下来；幸存 　[增补义]vt．比……活的时间长 ①A plane crashed yesterday，and there were no _________ (survive)． ②Amy's only chance of ________ (survive) was a liver transplant． 生活不在于如何在风暴中幸存，而在于学会在风雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn't about ________________________；it's about learning to dance in the rain． ◎survive sth．在……中幸免于难，挺过…… ◎survive on sth．靠……存活 ◎survive sb．by...years比某人多活了……年 ◎survivor n．幸存者 ◎survival n．幸存，幸免 ◎survive the severe winter 挺过这个严冬 ◎survive her husband by ten years 比她丈夫多活十年 4．frightened adj．受惊的，害怕的 ①They frightened the old lady into _______ (sign) the paper． ②Don't be __________ (frighten) of making mistakes when you speak English． ③Then we heard a ___________ (frighten) sound after a bright flash of lightning． 她担心玻璃会破碎。 _______________________ the glass would break． ◎frighten sb．into/out of doing sth．把某人吓得做/不做某事 ◎be frightened of (doing) sth．害怕(做)某事 ◎be frightened at...(听到……)吓了一跳 ◎frightening adj．令人惊恐的；骇人的 ◎frighten v．使惊恐，使害怕 ◎fright n．害怕；惊恐 ◎be frightened to death 吓死 ◎be frightened of walking home alone in the dark害怕在黑夜独自走回家 5．curious adj．好奇的 ①Curious _____ the process of making a lamp，the boy went to the factory to make a careful observation． ②I am really curious _______ (know) what comments others have made on my poetry． 我弟弟总是爱问为什么，似乎没有人能满足他的好奇心。 My brother always loves to ask why，and_______________________________． ◎be curious about对……感到好奇 ◎be curious to do sth．极想做某事 ◎curiosity n．好奇；好奇心 ◎curiously adv．好奇地 ◎meet/satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心 ◎out of curiosity出于好奇 ◎arouse my curiosity引起我的好奇心 6．equal [课本义]adj．相等的；相同的 　[增补义]n．同等的人；相等物 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 ①I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as __ equal． ②_______ (equal) important is that you should pay attention to the balance of ecology． ③No one can equal him __ sports；that is to say，he is _______ equal in sports in my class． 我确信我能胜任这个职位，因为我曾经当过导游。 I am sure __________________________ because I have ever worked as a tour guide． ◎be equal to (doing) sth．等于/胜任(做)某事 ◎equal sb．/sth．in (doing) sth．在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 ◎without equal无与伦比 ◎equality n．平等；相等 ◎equally adv．相等地；平等地 ◎treats every student equally平等地对待每个学生 ◎want freedom，justice and equality 想要自由、公正和平等 7．attempt n．& vt．努力，尝试，企图 ①The students who are not successful __ the first attempt may take the exam again． ②You should make an attempt _______ (make) friends with her． 昨天我试图说服他，但是徒劳无果。 ①Yesterday，I _________________________，but in vain．(attempt v．) ②Yesterday，I _______________________________，but in vain．(attempt n．) ◎attempt to do sth．尝试/试图做某事 ◎make an attempt/attempts (to do sth．)尝试(做某事) ◎in an attempt to do sth．试图做某事 ◎at the first attempt第一次尝试 ◎attempted adj．未遂的 ◎give up the attempt in despair在绝望中放弃尝试 ◎make a further attempt做进一步尝试 ◎study hard in an attempt to pass the exam努力学习试图通过考试 8．measure [课本义]vt．估量，衡量；测量 　[增补义]vt．评定 n．措施；标准 ①According to the lecture，you can't measure someone __ their appearance and the clothes they wear． ②In the US，distance is ________ (measure)in miles． ③He was on the front lawn，_________ (measure) out two circles． (普通表达)We will do something to prevent the river from being polluted． (高级表达)We will _____________ to prevent the river from being polluted． ◎measure...by...用……来衡量…… ◎be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算 ◎take measures/steps/action to do sth．采取措施做某事 ◎make sth．to one's measure照某人的尺寸做某物 ◎measurement n．尺寸；度量；测量 ◎measure the width of the gap 测量一下这条缝隙的宽度 ◎take lots of measurements 得到许多测量结果 9．breathe vi．& vt．呼吸 ①Believe it or not，the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one ______ (breathe)． ②It has been proved that in the daytime，plants will breathe __ carbon dioxide and breathe ___ oxygen． ③We all became __________ (breathe) when we arrived at the crowded lecture hall in a hurry． 如果你仍然感到紧张，你可以在演讲前深吸一口气。 If you still feel nervous，you ____________________________________． ◎breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 ◎breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 ◎breath n．呼吸 ◎hold one's breath屏息；屏气 ◎take/draw a deep breath深呼吸 ◎out of breath喘不过气来 ◎in one breath一口气，同时 ◎breathless adj．气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的 ◎have advanced at a breathless pace进步速度惊人；日新月异 ◎the weather is hot，without a breath of wind天气炎热，连一丝风都没有 10．anxiously adv．焦虑地；不安地 ①Jack still can't help being anxious _____ his job interview． ②Peggy is anxious _______ (show) that she can cope with extra responsibility． 我在忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。 I _________________________ his phone call． ◎be anxious about为……担心/忧虑 ◎be anxious for sth．渴望某事 ◎be anxious to do sth．渴望做某事 ◎anxiety n．忧虑，担心 ◎with anxiety焦虑地 ◎anxiously await the result of the test焦急地等待着检测的结果 ◎hope for her letter anxiously巴望着她的回信 ◎feel the twitch of anxiety感到一阵焦虑 11．run out 用完；耗尽 ①We went too fast round the corner and ran ____ a lamp post． ②He was run ____ and killed by a bus． 问题是我们的钱已经用完了。 ①The problem is that we _______________ our money． ②The problem is that our money ___________． ◎run into碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到 ◎run over(车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览 ◎run after追逐；追求 ◎run across无意间碰到 ◎be going to run out of gas将会耗尽汽油 ◎never run across anyone quite like you从来没有遇到过像你这样的人 12．break down [课本义]停止运转，出故障 　[增补义](身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解；划分；崩溃；拆毁 ①Not long after his return，a local war broke ___ near his town． ②He broke __ with some ideas of his own． ③Worse still，my vehicle broke ____ halfway to the base，leaving me in total desperation． 只要我们真诚地为朋友做点什么，友谊破裂后是可以弥补的。 Friendship can be mended ____________________，as long as we sincerely do something for our friends． ◎break up 结束；(使)破碎；分裂；(使)散开 ◎break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) ◎break into强行闯入；突然……起来 ◎break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) ◎break away from脱离；挣脱 ◎break down in tears痛哭流涕 ◎will break down if you work too hard 如果你过分劳累身体会垮掉 ◎break up the fight制止这场斗殴 13．[教材原句]The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下降速度越快…… ①The longer he waited outside the operating room，the ____________ (anxious) he became． ②The more roads and parking lots we pave，the ____ (little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater． ③The more we do for the people，the _______ (happy) we will feel． 他面临的困难越复杂，他就越冷静、越勇敢。 ___________________ the difficulties he faces，the calmer and braver he is． ◎“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。 ◎“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 ◎“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。 The more she thought，the less she could fall asleep．她想得越多，就越无法入睡。 14．[教材原句]If people hadn't taken the meat，the wolves would have left the farmers' sheep alone．如果人们不把肉拿走，狼就不会打农民的羊的主意了。 ①If I ____ (be) you，I would choose to work in a small town． ②If it __________________ (snow) tomorrow，our plan would be postponed． ③If I _________ (know) you were coming，I would have met you at the airport． ①如果我不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。 If I __________ it with my own eyes，I ____________________ it． ②要是我现在没有这么多事情要去应付，我一定会参加你的婚礼的。 If I __________ so many things to deal with now，I _____ definitely attend your wedding． ◎对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用had done形式，主句用would/should/might/could have done形式。 ◎对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。 ◎对将来情况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用should do，were to do或动词的过去式三种形式，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。 If I were to lose your friendship，I wouldn't be happy even if you gave me the stars in the sky．要是失去了你的友谊，就是给我天上的星星我也不会高兴。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I've attempted ___________ (convince) her of his honesty，but in vain． 2．To satisfy children's _________ (curious)，we'd better answer their questions patiently． 3．She didn't dare to go there by air because she was __________(frighten) that the plane would crash． 4．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape ____________(harm) by the powerful waves． 5．Obviously，his ________(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree． 6．I was completely __________(breath)when I got to the top of the mountain． 7．Companies should protect employees who blow the whistle on _________(honest)workmates and work practices． 8．These businessmen are anxious _______(know) the detailed contents of the policy． 9．The _____________ (advanced) the technology is，the more beautiful our lives become． 10．The pond in our village is not big，_________(measure) about 2 metres across． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．With my money running ___，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour． 2．To make matters worse，his car broke ____ at a location where no help was accessible． 3．In my opinion，the young man is equal __ the job on account of his creativity． 4．Two factories were closed in __ attempt to cut costs． 5．The more air there is inside the tyre，___ greater the pressure there is in it． Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．The room has been empty for a long time and all the furniture is _____ (dust)． 2．The firefighters tried to save the people________(trap) under buildings． 3．The student had difficulty _______(work) out the maths problem． 4．The judge praised the firefighters for their _______ (brave)． 5．Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe ________ (distant)． 6．We had better take __________(protect) measures to prevent polar bears from dying out． 7．He should have an _________ (operate)，or he will be in danger of losing his life． 8．Our school is easy to find，in front of which ______ (stand) a tower． Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。 1．The disaster caused great damage __ our crops last year． 2．I need your help；please don't turn your back __ me． 3．The students have great difficulty ____ this type of sentences． 4．She waved vaguely __ the direction of the house． 5．He worked hard at his study．As _ result，he passed the exam easily． Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思) 1．(2022·全国甲卷)However，after I went to high school，somehow I became distant from him． _ A．久远的　　　 B．疏远的　　　　 C．不同的 2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder． _ A．逃跑，逃走　 B．(暂时的)解脱 C．漏出；溢出 3．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)On every single move you have to analyze a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options． _ A．加工　 B．审视　 C．处理 4．(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects．_ A．给某人大量的(某物) B．泛滥 C．涌现 Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers，asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park． 本句是复合句，句子主干是They surveyed several hundred park-goers。asking them...nature in the park 作____，其中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词__________的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。 [尝试翻译]__________________________________________________________ 2．(2022·全国甲卷)These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget． 本句是复合句，句子主干是These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip。what引导__从句。该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的__从句Ginni would never forget，修饰先行词trip。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ 3．(2022·全国甲卷)The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni． 本句是复合句，句子主干是The realization was one of the biggest things。that hit home to Ginni为__从句；that this is a precious land为___从句，是对realization 的说明。 [尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________ On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott began his journey 1．__ Antarctica．At the same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south．During the polar summer，both teams organised food bases in 2．___________(prepare) for their journeys．Amundsen reached Antarctica first．Then he prepared for the return journey．Scott 3．_______(final) arrived at the Pole．They 4．____________ (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag．Scott wrote in his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5．______(dream)．” The return journey was one of the 6．_____(bad) in the history of exploration．7．______ they were cheerful，Scott realised their hopeless situation．Then a terrible storm started．Scott spent some of his last hours 8．_______ (write)．He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife．The news of Scott's death shocked 9．___ world．He failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage 10．_____ (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes． Step 1．要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子) ①大约三年前，鲍勃遭遇了一次可怕的风暴，这使他的身心受到重创。 About three years ago，Bob experienced a terrible storm，which _______________． ②一天，他冒险去那些岛屿捕了更多的鱼，然后遭遇了可怕的风暴。 One day，when he ____________ to the islands and got more fish，he met with a horrible storm． ③他掉进海里，被推着朝漩涡的方向前进。 He fell into the sea and was pushed ___________________ the whirlpool． ④鲍勃感觉恶心，但位于漩涡的边缘时，他感到更镇静。 Bob felt sick but when he was ______________ the whirlpool，he felt calmer． ⑤他做了三个重要的观察。 He _________________________________． ⑥基于他的观察，他把自己绑在一个木桶上帮助他幸存下来。 Based on what he had observed，he _______________ a barrel，which ________________． Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情感描写 shocked；frightened；curious；anxiously；cheerful 动作描写 turn one's back(on sb．/sth．)；escape；observe；rescue；trap；breathe；break down 环境描写 flood；eruption；wave；crowded；landscape；shelter Step 2．续写练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵) 大雨倾盆，街道被洪水淹没。John 正在公交站点躲雨，这时他看到一辆汽车在深水中抛锚了。一个孩子好奇地打开车窗观察外面拍打车门的波浪。司机和乘客被困在了车里。吓坏了的母亲想抱着孩子从车里逃出来。突然，她滑倒了，John震惊之余，立刻跑去救援。齐胸深的水让他呼吸困难，但他怎么能对这对溺水的母子置之不理呢？ It was pouring and ____________________．John was ______________ at the bus stop when he saw a car _____________．A child ______________________ beating the door outside．The driver and the passengers ________________．___________________ with the child in her arms．Suddenly，she slipped．______________________．The chest-deep water ___________________，but how could he _______________________________？ 必修第二册　UNIT 5 语基自主检测·目标确立 核心单词 1．measure　2．disaster　3．crowded　4．living　5．attempt　6．overuse　7．base　8．rescue　9．interrupt　10．cheerful　11．prove 语境运用 1．measuring　2．is based　3．disasters　4．attempting　5．interruption/being interrupted　6．was rescued 派生单词 1．shocked；shocking　2．survivor；survival　3．frighten；frightened；frightening　4．curiosity；curiously　5．preparation　6．protection；protective　7．breathe；breathless　8．ambitious　9．honesty；dishonest　10．bravery　11．eruption 　12．equally；equality　13．conductor　14．observation　15．distance 语境运用 1．ambition；ambitious　2．breathe；breathless；breath　3．frightening；frightened；fright　4．curiosity；curiously　5．was preparing；preparations　6．To protect；protection　7．shocked；shocking　8．survived；survivor；survival　9．erupted；eruption　10．equal；equally 高频短语 1．turn one's back (on sb．/sth．)　2．all at once　3．on the edge of　4．in the direction of　5．at great speed　6．breathe in　7．carry on　8．run out　9．break down　10．hold on to 语境运用 1．turned his back on　2．in the direction of　3．at great speed　4．carried on　5．runs out　6．broke down　7．held on to 写作佳句背诵 1．The higher；the thinner　2．in came Mr Smith　3．had seen；would have told 考点归纳探究·精准讲练 1．①to hear；shocking　②at/by [完美写作]he was numb with shock 2．①being caught　②from [完美写作]had I escaped from it 3．①survivors　②survival [完美写作]how to survive the storm 4．①signing　②frightened　③frightening [完美写作]She was frightened that 5．①about　②to know [完美写作]no one seems to be able to satisfy his curiosity 6．①an　②Equally　③in；without [完美写作]I am equal to the position 7．①at　②to make [完美写作]①attempted to persuade him　②made an attempt to persuade him 8．①by　②measured　③measuring [完美写作]take measures 9．①breath　②in；out　③breathless [完美写作]might take/draw a deep breath before giving your speech 10．①about　②to show [完美写作]was anxiously waiting for 11．①into　②over [完美写作]①have run out of　②has run out 12．①out　②in　③down [完美写作]after it breaks down 13．①more anxious　②less　③happier [完美写作]The more complicated 14．①were　②snowed/should snow　③had known [完美写作]①hadn't seen；wouldn't have believed　②didn't have；would 三层强基固本·达标训练 层级一 Ⅰ．1．to convince　2．curiosity　3．frightened　4．being harmed　5．survival　6．breathless　7．dishonest　8．to know　9．more advanced　10．measuring Ⅱ．1．out　2．down　3．to　4．an　5．the 层级二 Ⅰ．1．dusty　2．trapped　3．working　4．bravery　5．distance　6．protective　7．operation　8．stands Ⅱ．1．to　2．on　3．with　4．in　5．a 层级三 Ⅰ．1．B　2．B　3．B　4．A Ⅱ．1．化繁为简：伴随状语；that/which 尝试翻译：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。 2．化繁为简：宾语；定语 尝试翻译：这些温柔可爱的接待员们迎接了Ginni并开启了她终生难忘的一次旅行。 3．化繁为简：定语；同位语 尝试翻译：Ginni意识到这是一片珍贵的土地，值得人类的尊重，这是她最深刻的领悟之一。 三维提能培优·进阶训练 维度一 1．to　2．preparation　3．finally　4．were shocked　5．dreams　6．worst　7．Though　8．writing　9．the　10．shown　 维度二 Step 1． ①broke his body and soul　②risked going　③in the direction of　④on the edge of　⑤made three important observations　⑥tied himself to；helped him to survive Step 2． About three years ago，Bob experienced a terrible storm，which broke his body and soul．One day，when he risked going to the islands and got more fish，he met with a horrible storm．Unfortunately，he fell into the sea and was pushed in the direction of the whirlpool．Bob felt sick but when he was on the edge of the whirlpool，he felt calmer．After a while，he made three important observations．Based on what he had observed，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him to survive． 维度三 Step 2． streets were flooded；taking shelter from the rain；break down in deep water；opened the window curiously to observe the waves；were trapped in the car；The frightened mother wanted to escape from the car；Shocked，John immediately came to their rescue；made it hard for him to breathe；turn his back on the drowning mother and son 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。根据不同时期的写实的艺术作品，一个团队观察、发现一些东西在形状、颜色和大小方面发生的变化，让人们更好地了解粮食作物的变化。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高，即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their interest ...had a different idea．”可知，该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法，所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“if you're going to use...you might be misled”可知，如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的，你可能会被误导。故可推知，Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实。故C项正确。] 4．D　[写作意图题。文章第一段介绍一幅画作，引出小麦变化的问题，后续讲述一个团队通过研究不同时代的艺术画作来追踪粮食作物变化问题。故D项正确。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了什么是惊讶和惊讶的力量。 1．F　[根据空前内容可知，空前讲述了惊讶的基本信息。空后讲了惊讶对我们的作用。由此可知，空处应承上启下，介绍惊讶与我们有关的基本信息，故F项符合语境。] 2．G　[根据空前的“In his book ...of his research”可知，在他的书中，Rousell介绍了他几十年来的研究发现。由此可知，空处应说明研究发现具体是什么，G选项“惊讶带来的体验塑造了我们所认为的自己”承接上文，且空后的They指代G项中的experiences，故G项符合语境。] 3．E　[本空为该段主旨句。根据空后内容可知，Samantha觉得害羞是她的弱点，直到她的游泳教练任命她为队长，这让她大吃一惊。教练的话让她觉得自己很强大。她的信念和行为发生了立刻而持久的变化。由此可知，这是列举的一个具体例子，故E项“下面是作者在他的书中分享的一个例子”符合语境。] 4．C　[根据空前内容可知，学生也许认为自己学习很慢，员工也许认为自己缺乏创造力。根据空后内容可知，认为自己学得慢的学生也是很仔细周到的；认为自己缺乏创造力的员工是很有逻辑的。由此可知，我们要看到一件事情的另一面，C项承上启下，符合语境。] 5．D　[根据空前的“The more you ...less surprising it will be．”可知，你在这个话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美，它就越不令人惊讶。故D项“而且，它对一个人的思想影响较小”符合语境。] Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盆景的相关信息。其历史可以追溯到唐朝，苏派盆景更被视为中国种植艺术的基本流派。 1．demonstrating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词，与句子主语The miniature branches构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词­ing形式demonstrating作状语。句意：微型的树枝舒展扭曲，展现自然之美，让观看者停下来反思生命循环。] 2．has been　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“ever since its existence”可知，此处应使用现在完成时；主语为The potted landscape of penjing，表示第三人称单数概念。故填has been。] 3．Expectedly　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格位于句首，修饰后文整个句子，应用副词，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填Expectedly。] 4．Without　[考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“如果没有盆景，苏州园林就不会像今天这样迷人”，故填Without。注意首字母大写。] 5．lively/alive　[考查形容词。此处考查固定句式“make＋sb．/sth．＋adj．”。根据句意可知，此处表示“有活力的”，故填形容词lively/alive。] 6．dates　[考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为The history of penjing，表示第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填dates。句意：盆景的历史可以追溯到唐朝，当时伟大的诗人白居易用一些石头在罐子里创造微型景观。] 7．to create　[考查非谓语动词。use sth．to do sth．“用某物做某事”，是固定短语。] 8．that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词period，从句缺少主语，又由于先行词前有the very修饰，故只能用that引导。] 9．a　[考查冠词。school为可数名词，此处表泛指，且fundamental的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。句意：由于历史悠久，苏派盆景通常被视为中国种植艺术的一个基本流派。] 10．consumers　[考查名词。根据句意可知，此处表示“消费者”，且表复数概念，故填consumers。] Ⅳ．【参考范文】 Terrified，I slowly kept walking，saying，“Come on，good dogs！” Suddenly，one dog dashed up towards me，sinking his teeth into my leg．“Oh，my God，I'm in a dog's mouth and he's trying to swallow me，”I thought to myself，with the pain taking my breath away as I felt his teeth in my flesh．I picked up a rock to fight him off，but was nervous that he would go for my neck or that the other one would come to attack me together．Facing these two aggressive dogs，I desperately felt at a loss．Hardly could I step out of the trouble on my own． Just at this critical moment，a pickup appeared，driven by the ranger．Seeing the state I was in，he immediately stopped his pickup，opened the door，and signaled to me to get in．When we reached the base，he helped me bandage the leg up，earnestly reminding me that safety comes first while travelling．I felt relieved and grateful．And from then on，I travel carefully as well as cautiously．After all，nothing is more precious than life． 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十) 必修第二册　UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟) (2024·广州市调研测试)Pieter Bruegel's iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art．The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were．“Nowadays，however，if you walk through a wheat field，you basically see that wheat is about knee-height．The reduced height is essentially a consequence of being bred (培育) along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population，”biologist De Smet explained． De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time．He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen，a friend since childhood，to document such artwork around the world．They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape，color and size． Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum，where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting．It appeared to be pale and white on the inside．Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job．But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea．“No，this is one of the best painters ever from that era．So if he painted it like that，that's the way it must have looked like，”he explained． Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century．“With all the genetic knowledge we now have，we can look at how something comes about in more detail，”De Smet said．“For example，until the 18th century，European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties．” Ultimately，the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork．They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media．“However，”Vergauwen reminds，“if you're going to use，for example，Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century，you might be misled．” 1．What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters? A．It shows how people successfully grew wheat． B．It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past． C．It explains the consequence of different breeding methods． D．It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like． 2．What inspired the research team to start their study? A．Their preference for food crops． B．Their friendship since childhood． C．Their divided views on an old painting． D．Their shared interest in the Hermitage Museum． 3．What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph? A．Art enthusiasts are not careful enough． B．Abstract paintings often mislead people． C．The source paintings need to be realistic． D．Picasso's paintings are hard to understand． 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To comment on historical plant paintings． B．To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork． C．To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough． D．To introduce a study on food crop transformation． Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟) (2024·青岛市调研)Surprise is the error signal our brains produce when something unexpected happens．It is a dopamine(多巴胺)trigger，producing the neurotransmitter (神经递质) that drives attention and motivation． 1 It makes us stop，notice，and learn． In his book The Power of Surprise，Rousell presents his finding from decades of his research： 2 They form our self-concept． 3 Samantha felt her shyness was a weakness，until her swim coach surprised her by naming her captain．He said，“She may be quiet，but when this girl says something，you're going to want to listen．”The surprise left her feeling quietly powerful．The change in her beliefs and behaviors was instant and lasting． Not all surprising moments are created equal．Rousell illustrates some research-backed steps to use surprise well． Spot self-criticism you'd like to help someone revise．For example，perhaps your student sees himself as a slow learner，or your employee believes he lacks creativity． 4 Maybe the student who thinks he learns slowly is also very thorough．The employee who thinks he lacks creativity is highly logical．Make your message quick and to the point．The more you delay on the topic or dress it up as flowery praise，the less surprising it will be． 5 A．Point out his weakness． B．It was essential adaptation for humans． C．Identify the opposite side of the same coin． D．Also，it will make less difference to one's mind． E．Here is an example the author shares in his book． F．To put it simply，surprise is a big deal to our brains． G．Surprise brings the experiences shaping who we believe we are． Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟) (2024·南京市、盐城市二模)Seeing these “gardens”is like looking at a universe in a plant pot．The miniature (微型的) branches spread and twist，1． (demonstrate) the beauty of nature，so as to allow viewers to stop and reflect on the circle of life．The potted landscape of penjing 2． (be) a representative of top-ranking garden art ever since its existence． 3． (expected)，the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) in 2011.4． penjing，Suzhou gardens wouldn't be as charming as they are today．Once the construction of a garden is completed，its buildings are set，but planting can grow and change，which makes gardens 5． (live)． The history of penjing 6． (date) back to the Tang Dynasty when the great poet Bai Juyi used some stones 7． (create) a miniature landscape in pots．And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou，the very period 8． turned the city into a major cultural center．Because of that long history，Suzhou-style penjing is often seen as 9． fundamental school of Chinese planting art． Penjing works are beautiful but people think that they are owned by the rich．However，only when they are enjoyed by general 10． (consume) can they benefit from being part of people's wider modern artistic taste． Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟) 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was backpacking and planned to climb a volcano called Volcan Baru．At 3，474m，it is the highest peak in the country and one of the only places on Earth from where you can see the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans at the same time．It is an active volcano，but last erupted around 1550． I set off before sunrise．It was a little cold，so I had pulled on tights under my trousers．I intended to reach the top by midday，and then return before dark to get a lift to my hotel．I've always felt safe travelling as a woman on my own，which I've done since my 20s．I love the freedom．When I got to the base of the volcano at 7 in the morning，the ranger disagreed to let me go alone，but said OK because an American couple were behind me． The first part of the climb was beautiful．It was not dry as you might imagine a volcano might be—there were trees and flowers all around，and a dirt road for the farmers who worked around there．I walked for an hour and reached a fair height．The views were impressive，so I stopped to take a photograph． Suddenly I heard violent barking behind me．I turned and saw two dogs running aggressively(挑衅) towards me．I expected them to stop，but they didn't．As they got closer，I could see their teeth looked sharp，and that they looked angry．There was nowhere for me to run．I tried to keep calm，but my heart was racing．I'd never been bitten by a dog，and I couldn't help but fear what would happen．They stopped a dozen feet from where I stood and kept barking．I knew they could move fast，so I didn't want to try to outrun them． 注意：1．续写词数应为 150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Terrified，I slowly kept walking，saying，“Come on，good dogs！” Just at this critical moment，a pickup appeared，driven by the ranger． 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(九) Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一场现代艺术展览的相关信息。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章的标题“After Impressionism：Inventing Modern Art 25 March－13 August 2024”可知，这场展览的主题是现代艺术。故选B项。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据Standard admission部分中的“From ￡26 Saturday and Sunday”可知，一对没有会员资格的夫妇在周末参观这场展览需要支付(2×￡26＝)￡52。故选C项。] 3．B　[文章出处题。根据文章的标题“After Impressionism：Inventing Modern Art 25 March－13 August 2024”和下文的内容可知，本文介绍了一场现代艺术展览的一些相关信息，所以文章可能出自旅游指南。故选B项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个运动员既有成功，又有失败的故事，作者旨在告诉读者：没有人能避免失败，失败和成功同样重要。只有正视今天的失败，才能拥抱明天的胜利。 4．B　[词义猜测题。根据语境可知，她胜利归来，受到热烈欢迎，许多人向她伸出手来，许多相机对着她，一个戴眼镜的记者一直缠着她问：你最喜欢什么？，故B项正确。] 5．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The more she won ...mental strain easily．”和第二段第一句可推知，她之前赢得奖牌的原因是她在思想上没有对失败的过度焦虑，故选C项。] 6．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Afterwards in order ...behind the team．”以及第四段中的“she said and lowered her head again”可推知，失败后，她最强烈的情感是羞愧。故选A项。] 7．D　[推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后两段可知，本文通过一个运动员既有成功又有失败的故事表达了鲜花可以送英雄，但失败者也值得被尊重，即没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败的道理。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨，改变了人们对人类历史的认知。文章介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了不同人对新研究结果的不同看法等。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have solved...than experts thought．”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的时间比专家们认为的要早100万年。] 9．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the ...were on the surface．”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs．Ples的年龄：岩石暴露在地表时，这些化学物质便以稳定的速度形成，一旦被掩埋，则会停止形成并慢慢消失。故选D。] 10．D　[推理判断题。根据尾段，尤其是尾段最后两句可知，在数百万年的时间里，在仅仅2 500英里之外的地方，这些群体有足够的时间远行并彼此繁衍；即这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类猿物种可能互相交流、繁衍了。] 11．B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出“科学家们已解开了关于现代人的祖先之谜”；接着全文围绕此主题句展开，介绍了Mrs．Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测年龄的方法等。故B项最适合作为文章的标题。] Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。由于存款用完，作者一家不得不搬到破旧不堪的老房子居住，但三岁大的女儿发现了新居的美，这使作者意识到自己的现状并没有那么糟糕，自己的新家也有值得感激的地方。 1．B　[根据前面的“which had been old”可知，该空应填repair。短语beyond repair指无法修复。] 2．A　[根据前文“在祖父居住的时候房子已经老化而且年久失修”可推断：房子现在是空的。] 3．D　[前文提到房子年久失修，根据常识可知屋顶看似会随时漏雨。at any moment为固定短语，意为“随时”。] 4．A　[此处指老房子的硬木地板也因为被踩的次数太多而掉了末道漆，wear表示“磨出(洞)，磨损，消耗，用旧”。] 5．D　[根据该句话中的“broken”和“open forever”并结合语境可知，该空应填stood，指厨房橱柜上的一扇门坏了而永远开着。stand在此为系动词，后接形容词open作表语。] 6．B　[此处指墙上的白漆开始脱落，但我们对此“确实无能为力”。simply“确实；仅仅，只，不过”。] 7．D　[前文提到作者和丈夫的存款用光了，不得不搬到破烂不堪的老房子里居住，他们的心情会很糟糕，由该句话中的tried to可知，作者夫妇在孩子面前尽力表现得高兴(cheerful)。故选D。] 8．C　[作者夫妇不想影响仅仅三岁大的女儿的心情，他们不想将这一糟糕的信息传递给女儿，故C项message符合语境。] 9．A　[根据常识可知，作者走出房子到后院是为了躲避屋子里的酷热，A项escape“(从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱，逃避”符合语境。] 10．C　[因为是多年没住人的老房子，没有空调是自然的。naturally意为“自然地，当然地”。] 11．B　[根据下文中的“give me a bright yellow bunch”可知，女儿此刻正在院子里采摘蒲公英，pick“采，摘”符合语境。] 12．A　[根据常识并结合下文女儿所说的话“Most people just have grass”可知，此处是指院子里有花。] 13．C　[在三岁大的女儿看来，院子里有花有蝴蝶，这是世界上最好的居住之地，故选C。] 14．D　[听了女儿的一番话，作者突然意识到事情不是那么糟糕，realize“意识到”。] 15．B　[根据上文可知，此处指三岁大的女儿教会了作者如何在自己的新家看到值得感激的东西。grateful“感激的”符合语境。] Ⅲ．【参考范文】 Dear Eric， I'm glad to hear that your school has offered Chinese calligraphy classes． As one of the most important parts of Chinese culture，Chinese calligraphy helps people better learn about Chinese history and culture．Besides，learning Chinese calligraphy can improve people's mood and lead to a healthy life．Therefore，more and more people worldwide are becoming interested in this unique Chinese art form．I believe you will soon fall in love with it． Wish you great progress and I'm looking forward to seeing your excellent calligraphy works! Yours， Li Hua 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(九) 必修第二册　UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 篇(限时6分钟) After Impressionism：Inventing Modern Art 25 March－13 August 2024 Rooms 1 to 8 Explore a period of great change when artists broke with established tradition and laid the foundations for the art of the 20th and the 21st centuries． The decades between 1880 and the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 were a complex，energetic period of artistic questioning，searching，risk-taking and innovation． The exhibition celebrates the achievements of three giants of the period：Paul Cézanne，Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin and follows the influences they had on younger generations of French artists and on wider circles of artists across Europe． With over a hundred works by artists ranging from Picasso to Mondrian and a selection of sculptures by artists including Rodin and Camille Claudel，the exhibition follows the creation of a new，modern art，free of convention，taking in Expressionism and Abstraction．The exhibition includes some of the most famous works of art created during these decades．Important loans come to the exhibition from institutions and private collections worldwide． Ticket prices (Free for members) Priority booking open for members． Join today to get early access to tickets，plus enjoy the exhibition in advance on 24 March． Standard admission On sale from 15 February From ￡24 Monday－Friday From ￡26 Saturday and Sunday A maximum of six tickets can be booked in the same deal．For larger group bookings please email． We recommend allowing 50－60 minutes for your visit to the exhibition． 1．What is the probable theme of the exhibition? A．Convention． B．Modern Art． C．Western Art． D．Impressionism． 2．How much should a couple pay if they visit the exhibition on weekends without membership? A．￡24． B．￡48． C．￡52． D．￡26． 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A textbook． B．A guidebook． C．A travel journal． D．A research report． B 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·湖北省部分重点中学联考)When she returned home that year，she was given an enthusiastic welcome in the same hall．Many hands stretched out to her，and many cameras focused on her．A reporter with glasses kept pestering her with the question：What do you like best? She was wondering how to respond when she caught sight of a bunch of flowers．Then she said，“Flowers！”Following her remarks，more flowers were at once presented to her，too many for her to hold．During the past two years，she had participated in many international competitions and brought back one shining medal after another．What she got in return were all smiles，flowers and camera flashes．Was it because of this that she became preoccupied with winning? The more she won，the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing．So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure．The mind could control physical pains but could not free itself from mental strain easily． This time when she was a little off balance on the horizontal bar(单杠)，she became so worried that she lost self-control and fell off．This failure was followed by several more in other events．Afterwards in order to avoid people at the airport，she trailed along behind the team．She found that very few people greeted her and reporters seemed to shun her．However hard she tried，she couldn't turn the tide；she was a complete failure．Indeed，who would side with a failure? All of a sudden，she saw a pair of shoes in front of her．Who could it be? She raised her bent head slowly and saw a navy blue suit，long legs，and then a clear fair face．Before her stood the stewardess with her hands behind her back，speaking with a smile，“I watched your performance on the television．I knew you would come home today．So I am here especially to welcome you．” “I did very poorly，”she said and lowered her head again． “No．You did your best．” “But I failed．” “Nobody can avoid failure．I believe failure is as important to you as success．Failure belongs to the past，and victory is the future．”The stewardess' voice came gentle but firm． Hearing these words，the girl raised her head．The stewardess held out her hands from behind her back with a large bouquet of colorful flowers，and presented it to the girl．The strong fragrance seemed to turn into a magic，powerful current that went through her body．She was moved to tears．Flowers are usually given to victorious heroes．Why to the disgraced loser? 4．What does the underlined word “pestering”mean in paragraph 1? A．Greeting．　 B．Annoying． C．Inquiring． D．Concerning． 5．According to the passage，what contributed to her winning medals before? A．She had received many smiles，flowers and camera flashes． B．She was passionate about walking on the horizontal bar． C．Her mind was free from excessive anxiety about failure． D．She was in good physical condition． 6．What may be her strongest emotion after she failed? A．Ashamed． B．Stressed． C．Miserable． D．Grief-stricken． 7．What is the main message the writer tries to convey? A．Action is worry's worst enemy． B．The winners laugh and the losers weep． C．Excessive pressure will become a burden． D．Success is never final and failure is never fatal． C 篇(限时7分钟) (2024·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质检)Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans，after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought．This discovery has changed what we know of human history． The skull，which scientists have named“Mrs．Ples”，is from an ape-like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus．It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and，based on evidence from its surroundings，it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old．This puzzled scientists，because although Mrs．Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans，the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived．For this reason，scientists decided that，Australopithecus afarensis，a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago，was our most likely ancestor instead． To get a more accurate age of Mrs．Ples，a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana，used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay．They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks，which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays(宇宙射线)on Earth's surface．Once rocks are buried，these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks(or bones)were on the surface． The new study shows that Mrs．Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old．This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives，so either group could have given rise to modern humans．However，team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2，500 miles away，these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other．In other words，the groups could quite easily have met，had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans． 8．What can we learn about Mrs．Ples from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa． B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans． C．It is a million years older than scientists expected． D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago． 9．How did scientists get the accurate age of Mrs．Ples? A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays． B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals． C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay． D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals． 10．What can we infer from the new study? A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa． B．Mrs．Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives． C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago． D．Ape-like species from Africa could have interacted with each other． 11．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．A Puzzle Unsolved B．Ancestor Mystery Solved C．Mrs．Ples：The Earliest Human Being D．Mrs．Ples：A Famous Skull Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟) (2024·嘉兴市基础测试)Our savings ran out and we were going to lose our house．We had to move into Grandpa's house，which had been old and beyond 1 when Grandpa Mac was living．Now that the place had been 2 for more than five years，it became much worse． The roof seemed to leak 3 ．Hundreds of thousands of footsteps had 4 the finish(末道漆)off the hardwood floors．One of the doors on the kitchen cupboards was broken and it 5 open forever．Worst of all，the white paint on the walls was beginning to fall but there was 6 nothing we could do about that． Joe and I both tried to be 7 around Kelly as we packed to move．She was only three．As long as we didn't give her the wrong 8 she wouldn't notice the poor condition of her new home． One evening，I walked out into the backyard to 9 the heavy heat in the house． 10 there wasn't any air conditioning．Kelly was busy 11 the dandelions(蒲公英)in the yard．She smiled when she saw me and ran over to give me a bright yellow bunch．“We have 12 in the yard，Mommy．Most people just have grass，”she said．“We also have pretty butterflies．This must be the 13 place in the whole world to live．” I suddenly 14 things were not that bad．A three-year-old taught me how to see something to be 15 for in our new home． 1．A．control　 B．repair C．recognition D．comparison 2．A．empty B．noisy C．secret D．busy 3．A．for no reason B．in every respect C．on no account D．at any moment 4．A．worn B．kept C．cut D．cleared 5．A．proved B．felt C．grew D．stood 6．A．hardly B．simply C．suddenly D．occasionally 7．A．brave B．friendly C．energetic D．cheerful 8．A．warning B．answer C．message D．lesson 9．A．escape B．defeat C．release D．absorb 10．A．Probably B．Accidentally C．Naturally D．Consequently 11．A．planting B．picking C．watering D．observing 12．A．flowers B．insects C．seats D．trees 13．A．quietest B．safest C．nicest D．cleanest 14．A．confirmed B．declared C．recalled D．realized 15．A．eager B．grateful C．concerned D．responsible Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟) 假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友 Eric 在发给你的邮件中说他所在的学校开设了汉字书法课(Chinese calligraphy classes)。请给他回封邮件，内容包括： 1．谈谈学习汉字书法的好处； 2．期待他的作品。 注意：1．写作词数应为 80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Eric， Yours， Li Hua 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$