Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.（知识清单）英语人教版九年级全一册

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. Unit 12 话题 过去的事情或经历 词汇 1. expect (v.预料;期待)-expected (adj.预料的)-unexpected (adj.始料不及的) -unexpectedly(adv.出乎意料地) 2. luck(n.运气)--lucky(adj.幸运的)-luckily(adv,幸运地)-unluckily(adv.不幸地) 3. fool(n.傻瓜v.愚弄)--foolish(adj. 愚蠢的) 4. burn(v.燃烧) -- burning(adj.着火的;燃烧的)--burned(adj.烧焦的;烧伤的) 5. embarrass(v.使窘迫)-- embarrassed(adj. 窘迫的) -- embarrassing(adj. 使人害羞的)-- embarrassment(n.尴尬;窘迫) 6. announce(v.宣布)--announcement(n.通告) 7. discover(v.发现)--discovery(n.发现)--discoverer(n.发现者) 8. believe(v.相信) believable(adj.可相信的)-unbelievable(adj. 难以置信的) 9. belief(n.信心)-disbelief(n.不信;怀疑) 10. office(n.办公室)-officer(n.军官;官员)-official(adj.正式的;官方的n.官员;要员) 短语 1. take a shower 洗淋浴 2. by the time...在……以前 3. put on 穿上 4. go off(闹钟等)发出响声 5. wake up醒,叫醒 6. rush out of 冲出……;跑出…… 7. brush one's teeth 刷牙 8. give sb. a lift 捎某人一程 9. at least 至少 10. in line with 与……成一排 11. be full of be filled with 充满;装满 12. stare at 盯着看;凝视 13. in disbelief 怀疑地,难以置信地 14. hear about 听说,得知 15. turn into 变成 16. by the end of在(某时间点)以前 17. show up 赶到;露面 18. at the end of 在……尽头;在……末尾 19. show off 炫耀 20. in the end 最后,终于 21. show sb. around 带领某人参观 22. costume party 化装舞会 23. get dressed 穿衣服 24. stay up 熬夜 25. sell out 卖光 26. play tricks/jokes on sb.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑. 27. lose weight 减重,减肥 28. hundreds of 数百的,成百上千的 29. run away from 从……逃脱;回避,逃避 30. leave+宾语+地点状语 把……忘在某地 31. be about to do sth. 即将做某事 32. decide to do sth.决定做某事 33. get a chance to do sth.得到做某事的机会 34. end up doing sth.以做某事而告终 35. so +adj./adv.+that 从句 如此……以至于…… 36. finish doing sth.完成做某事 37. forget to do sth.忘记做某事(未做) 38. forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) 句型 1. Life is full of the unexpected. 生活充满了出乎意料的事。 2. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。 When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包落家里了。 4.My alarm clock didn't go off! 我的闹钟没有响! 5. Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 幸运的是，卡尔的爸爸在街上看到我，让我搭他的车。 6.How did the writer end up missing both events?作者最后怎样错过了这两件事? 7. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 我正要上楼，这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。 8. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard…当我在排队的时候，我听到 9. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. 我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟，无法相信(这一切)。 10.I felt lucky to be alive. 我感到很幸运我还活着。 11. What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?愚人节那天戴夫怎么了？ 12. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的4月1日，是许多人互相玩各种各样的把戏和笑话的日子。 13. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax,all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都卖完了。 14. In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water. 另一个著名的恶作剧是一家英国的电视节目报道发现了一种特殊的水。 15.The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married. 这位女士很高兴，因为她真的很想结婚。 16. The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. 那个电视明星失去了他的女朋友而且他的节目也被取消了。 17. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story...威尔斯的故事听起来如此真实，以至于数百人相信了这个故事。 18.By the time police officers told the country that the story was a hoax，many people had runaway from their homes.当警官告诉全国的人们这个故事是一个骗局时，许多人已经逃离了他们的家园。 语法 过去完成时； 写作 过去的事情或经历 考点1 unexpected和be full of的用法 【教材原句】 Life is full of the unexpected. 生活充满了出乎意料的事。 【句型剖析】unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 the unexpected＂意外的事情；出乎意料的事＂。英语中，有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或事物，在句子中起集体名词的作用。 the homeless 无家可归者 the disabled 残疾人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 The old should be taken good care of by the government. 政府应该好好照顾老年人。 It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this. 如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意外，因为他一向如此。 【句型剖析】 be full of意为“充满”，相当于be filled with。例如： The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。 The classroom is full of different boys and girls. 教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。 【经典练】 1．They won the match with great difficulty. The result was quite ________________and everyone jumped with joy. A．unexpected B．usual C．quick D．lucky 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们费了很大劲才赢得比赛。结果是出乎意料的，每个人都高兴地跳起来。 考查形容词辨析。unexpected出乎意料的；usual通常的；quick快速的；lucky幸运的。由句意“They won the match with great difficulty….everyone jumped with joy”可知，比赛结果是意想不到的，故选A。 2．—I hear Jack will leave our school, right? —That's really________. However, it' s true. A．unexpected B．wonderful C．unuseful D．uncrowded 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说杰克要离开我们学校了，是吗? ——真的很意外。然而，这是真的。 本题考查形容词。unexpected意外的，wonderful精彩的，unuseful无用的，uncrowded宽敞的。However此处表示转折关系，however后表示这是真的，however前表示这是没有想到的。故选A。 3．—Do you know the 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou this September? —Yes, of course. Though it is full ________ challenges, we still have full confidence that it will be a great success. A．in B．of C．with D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道第19届亚运会今年9月将在杭州举行吗？——是的，当然。尽管它充满挑战，但我们仍然充满信心，它将取得巨大成功。考查介词辨析。in在……里面；of……的；with带有；for为了。be full of“充满”，固定搭配，故选B。 4．The best gift in the world may be not expensive, but must _______ love. A．be full of B．be afraid of C．be busy with D．be worried about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：世界上最好的礼物可能不贵，但必须充满爱。 考查形容词短语辨析。be full of充满；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于；be worried about担心。根据前句“The best gift in the world may be not expensive,”语境和but的提示可知，应是礼物不一定要贵但是一定要充满爱。故选A。 考点2.by the time的用法 【句型剖析】（1）by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如： By the time I got there, the bus had already left. 不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。 （2）当时间状语为by the end of last month/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如： 　By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs. 到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。 【拓展】（1）过去完成时的概念： 过去完成时表示一个动作或者状态在过去某一个时间或者动作之前已经完成或结束，也可以说是“过去的过去”。它的结构是：had＋动词的过去分词，had用于各种人称和数，即had没有人称和数的变化。 （2）过去完成时的否定和疑问句式： 过去完成时的否定句是在had的后面直接加not；过去完成时的一般疑问句是直接把had移到句首。它的肯定回答是：Yes, I had. 否定回答是：No, I hadn’t. 例如： 　He hadn’t finished his homework before I came back. 在我回来之前，他没有完成作业。 　—Had you finished your homework by the time your mother came back? 到你妈妈回来的时候，你完成你的家庭作业了吗？ —Yes，I had. 是的，完成了。 【经典练】 1． the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. A．On B．In C．By D．With 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。 考查介词辨析。on后接具体的日期、具体某一天的上下午或晚上等；in后接年、月、季节、泛指的上下午或晚上等；by不迟于；with与……一起；分析句子成分可知此处是连词，根据“the time ”可知此处指“当我到达公共汽车站时”；by the time“到……的时候”。故选C。 2．The teacher advises us ________ many books ________, just one by one. A．not reading, in time B．not to read, at times C．not to read, at a time D．not reading, on time 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师建议我们不要一次读很多书，要一本一本地读。 考查非谓语动词和介词短语。advise sb not to do sth表示“建议某人不要做某事”。in time及时；at times有时；at a time一次；on time准时。根据“just one by one”可知，第二空表示“一次一个”，用at a time，故选C。 考点 3.leave的用法 【教材原句】 When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包落家里了。 【句型剖析】leave为及物动词，意为＂遗忘＂，常用结构：leave sth+介词+地点，表示＂把某物遗忘在某地＂。 leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 leave for +地点 离开去某地 leave a message 留言ask for a leave 请假 leave one by oneself = leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 He left his umbrella on the train. 他把伞忘在火车上了。 He left the key at school so he couldn’t get into his home. 他把钥匙忘在学校里了，所以进不了家。 【经典练】 1．Tom shouted, “The apple is brown. You had better ________ it in the air.” A．don’t leave B．not leave C．not leaving D．not to leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆大喊：“这苹果成棕色了，我最好不要把它留在空气中了。” 考查情态动词的用法。情态动词had better意为“最好”，其后加动词原形，had better (not) do sth.“最好（不）做某事”，根据“The apple is brown.”可知，应是最好不要把它留在空气中。故选B。 2．—Have you got your school things ready? We ________ in two minutes. —Sure. Everything is ready. A．left B．leave C．are leaving D．have left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你准备好学习用品了吗？我们两分钟后出发。——当然可以。一切就绪。 考查动词时态。根据“in two minutes”可知，时态是一般将来时，leave是位移动词，所以常用现在进行时表示将来时，故选C。 【写作佳句】 First, it’s impolite to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice and leave them there. 考点4. luckily和give sb.a lift的用法 【教材原句】 Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 【句型剖析】luckily是副词，意思是＂幸运的是＂，反义词是unluckily，意为＂不幸地＂。 It was a bad accident, but luckily, nobody got hurt. 那是一次严重的事故，但是所幸没有人受伤。 Unluckily, I missed the last bus. 不幸的是，我错过了最后一班公交车。 【句型剖析】give sb.a lift意为＂捎某人一程＂，相当于give sb. a ride。 They gave me a lift on the way home.=They gave me a ride on the way home. 回家的路上他们捎了我一程。 【知识拓展】 (1) lucky adj.＂幸运的＂，既可以作表语，也可以作定语，unlucky＂不幸的＂。 Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number.有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。 (2) luck n.＂运气＂。good luck表示＂好运＂，用于祝福某人。bad luck表示＂真糟糕，运气不好＂。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 【经典练】 1．—How well you are working, my friends! —We must. Miss Gao said that the _________ we work, the _________ we will become. A．harder; luckier B．harder; more luckily C．more hardly; luckier 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——朋友们，你们干得多好啊！——我们必须。高老师说，我们越努力，就会越幸运。考查比较级的用法。harder更努力，为hard的比较级；luckier更幸运的，为lucky的比较级；more luckily更幸运地，为luckily的比较级；more hardly为错误形式。根据“the…we work, the…we will become”可知，此处指“我们越努力，就会越幸运”，“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”；第一个空应用副词的比较级来修饰动词work，应用harder；第二个空应用形容词的比较级作表语，应用luckier。故选A。 2．There was a fire in his house. ________, he was not hurt at all. A．Simply B．Luckily C．Really D．Definitely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他的房子着火了。幸运的是，他一点也没受伤。 考查副词辨析。Simply简单地；Luckily幸运地；Really真地；Definitely明确地。根据“There was a fire in his house”和“he was not hurt at all”可知，这里指很幸运没受伤，此处修饰整个句子应用副词Luckily，故选B。 3．There was a serious accident, but ________, nobody was hurt at all. A．luckily B．carefully C．sadly D．hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：发生了严重的事故，但幸运的是，根本没有人受伤。 考查副词辨析。luckily幸运地；carefully仔细地；sadly难过地；hardly几乎不。根据“nobody was hurt at all.”可知，没有人在事故中受伤，这是很幸运地。故选A。 4．On my way to school, Lucy's father ________ me a lift in his car. A．give B．gave C．take D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我上学的路上，露西的父亲开车捎我一程。考查时态和动词辨析。give给，动词原形；gave是“give”的过去式；take带走；took是“take”的过去式。固定短语give…a lift意为“捎……一程”，排除C和D；且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语不能用动词原形，故选B。 5．Cindy, would you mind ________ me a lift to work tomorrow morning? A．giving B．to give C．give D．given 【答案】A 【详解】句意：辛迪，你介意明天早上让我搭个便车去上班吗？ 考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，应用动名词形式，故选A。 【写作佳句】 Luckily, with the help of my friends, I managed to express my thoughts and helped others with their problems in my spare time.. 考点5.end up和 miss的用法 【教材原句】 How did the writer end up missing both events?作者最后怎样错过了这两件事? 【句型剖析】end up意为“结束，告终"，后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“最 终成为；最终处于".其后加介词with构成短语end up with中，表示“以......结束/告终"，此时up可以省略。 例：If he keeps drinking so much，hell end up ill. 如果他继续喝这么多酒，总有一天会生病的， I ended up doing all the work myself. 结果所有的工作都是我一个人干了. The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束， 【知识拓展】 end up as...最后成为...... end up like...最后像......一样 例：He worked very hard and ended up as a famous scientist.他非常努力，最终成了一位著名的科学家。 Try to keep healthy.I don't want you to end up like that.努力保持健康，我不想你最后落得那样的情况。 【句型剖析】miss作及物动词，意为“错过； 未赶上".后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式， miss doing sth.意为“错过做某事"， 例：We missed the bus. 我们没赶上公共汽车。 I missed taking part in the sports meeting. 我错过参加那次运动会了。 【经典练】 1．Though they two use different ways to solve the math problem, they ________ with the same answer. A．give up B．end up C．make up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管他们两个使用不同的方法来解决数学问题，但他们最终得到了相同的答案。考查动词短语。give up放弃；end up最终，结果；make up编造。根据“Though they two use different ways to solve the math problem, they...with the same answer”可知虽然他们的方法不同，但是最后的答案是一样的，结合空后的with，可知此处是end up with...“以……为结束”。故选B。 2．Dale is making great efforts because he doesn’t want to ________ failing the exam. A．give up B．make up C．put up D．end up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Dale很努力，因为他不想考试不及格。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；make up组成；put up搭起、张贴；end up以……结束。根据前句“Dale is making great efforts”可知，应是不想以考试不及格结束。故选D。 3．The children tried their best to win the soccer game, but they ________ losing it. A．gave up B．ended up C．looked up D．showed up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孩子们尽最大努力去赢得足球比赛，但他们以失败告终。 考查动词词组。gave up放弃；ended up结束；looked up查找；showed up展示。题干中but表转折，即虽然孩子们努力想赢得比赛，但是最终还是输掉了比赛。故选B。 4．What’s the weather like tomorrow? I was on the phone and _________ most of the weather report. A．miss B．was missing C．would miss D．missed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明天天气怎么样？我刚才在打电话，错过了大部分天气预报。考查动词时态。根据“I was on the phone”可知，描述过去发生的动作要用一般过去时。故选D。 考点6.be about to do sth的用法 【教材原句】 I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 【句型剖析】be about to do sth. 表示＂打算做某事＂。 I am about to go shopping this weekend. 我这个周末打算去购物。 when表示叙述前面所没有提到过的信息。它总是对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调，意为＂这时，突然＂。 They were about to leave when it began to snow. 他们打算离开，突然开始下雪。 decide to do sth.表示＂决定做某事＂。 Have you decided to go to Beijing for a vacation? 你决定去北京度假了吗？ 【经典练】 1．We should not only be confident ________ ourselves, but also think things ________ before making decisions. A．about; over B．in; about C．about; of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们不但应该对自己自信，而且在做决定前应该仔细考虑。考查介词辨析。about关于；over超过；in在……里面；of……的。第一空表达“对……自信”，应是be confident about；第二空表达“仔细考虑”，英语表达为think over，故选A。 考点7.as的用法 【教材原句】 As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard… 【句型剖析】as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如： We walked into the garden as the music stopped. 音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。 【拓展】 as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下： (1) as作连词： 1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如： I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。 You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。 2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如： As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。 3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如： As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 (2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如： I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。 【经典练】 1．—Is your favorite sport the same ________ hers? —No, I like running, but she’s good at jumping. We’re different ________ each other. A．from; as B．as; as C．as; from D．from; from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的最喜欢的运动和她的一样吗？——不，我喜欢跑步，但她擅长跳跃。我们彼此不同。考查介词辨析。from从；as作为。the same as“与……一样”；be different from“与……不同”。故选C。 【写作佳句】 As we all know, there are many traditional festivals in China.. 考点8. stare和disbelief的用法 【教材原句】We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.我难以置信地盯着燃烧的大楼上升起的黑烟。 【句型剖析】stare在此处作不及物动词，意为“盯着看；凝视"， stare at意为“凝视"，为固定短语。 例：What are you staring at? 你在看什么? I stared at the paper in front of me. 我盯着面前的那张纸。 【句型剖析】disbelief不可数名词，意为“不相信；怀疑"，常用短语in disbelief，意为“怀 疑地；难以置信地”通常在句中作状语。 例：We stared at her in disbelief. 我们疑惑地盯着她。 He listened in disbelief to that surprising story. 他满腹怀疑地听着那个令人惊奇的故事。 【经典练】 1．—Why are you _________ blankly _________ the paper without doing anything? —I don’t know what to write. A．looking; for B．staring; at C．putting; in D．looking; up 【答案】B 【详解】句意“-你为什么什么都不做而是一脸茫然的看着试卷？-我不知道写什么”。A.寻找；B.盯；C.放入；D.查阅。根据句意，故选B。 2．When she heard the news, she ________ at me with surprise and couldn’t say a word. A．stared B．watched C．noticed D．saw 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当她听到这个消息时，惊讶地盯着我，一句话也说不出来。考查动词辨析。stare盯着；watch看；notice注意到；see看见。此处是结构stare at“盯着”。故选A。 3．He listened _______ to this strange story. It’s difficult to make him believe it. A．in disbelief B．in danger C．in trouble D．in need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他难以置信地听着这个奇怪的故事。很难让他相信。考查介词短语。in disbelief难以置信地；in danger在危险中；in trouble处于危难中；in need在困难中。根据“It’s difficult to make him believe it.”可知，他听这个奇怪的故事是一脸难以置信的。故选A。 4．I stared at him in _______, shocked at what he had said. A．agreement B．disbelief C．line D．excitement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不敢相信地盯着他看，对他说的话感到震惊。 本题考查名词的辨析。A. 协议；B.不相信，怀疑；C.线；D.兴奋。根据后半句shocked at what he had said. 对他说的话感到震惊，可知，此空的意思是“不相信，怀疑”，此空应填disbelief，故选B。 5．I stared at him ________, shocked by what he had done. A．in hunger B．in a hurry C．in disbelief D．in danger 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我难以置信地盯着他，为他所做的事感到震惊。 考查介词短语。in hunger在饥饿中；in a hurry立即；in disbelief难以置信地；in danger处于危险中。根据“shocked by what he had done”可知，对他所做的事感到震惊，非常难以置信，故选C。 考点9.alive的用法 【教材原句】 I felt lucky to be alive. 我感到很幸运我还活着。 【句型剖析】alive是形容词，意为＂活着的；有生气的＂。反义词是dead，多用于人或动植物，只作表语。 He wanted to keep the fish alive. 他想让鱼活着。 【易混辨析】live，living，lively (1)live作形容词是＂活生生的＂，只作定语。 This is a live fish. 这是一条活鱼。 (2)living作形容词，意为＂活着的＂，作表语或定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。 The fish is still living. 那条鱼还活着。 (3)lively是形容词，指＂生动的；生机勃勃的＂，用来修饰人或物。 Jenny is a lively girl. 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 考点10.happen的用法 【课文详解】 What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?愚人节那天戴夫怎么了？ 【句型剖析】（1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是： 都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如： What happened to you on the road yesterday? 昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？ Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 (2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如： An accident happened to him after drinking too much. 他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。 I happened to meet your mother yesterday. 昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。 【经典练】 1．Jeff asked ______. A．what’s wrong with her B．what wrong she was C．what she happened D．what happened to her 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰夫问她发生了什么事。考查宾语从句。what’s wrong with her她怎么了，疑问语序；what wrong she was错误表达；what she happened错误表达；what happened to her她发生了什么事。由“Jeff asked…”和选项可知，此处是问她发生了什么事情，询问某人发生了什么事情，且asked后接宾语从句，从句采用陈述语序。故选D。 2．Something ________ if they hold the party tomorrow. A．happens B．is happened C．will happen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果他们明天举行聚会，将会发生一些事情。 考查时态。根据“Something ... if they hold the party tomorrow.”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，结构为will do。故选C。 【写作佳句】 No matter what happened, don’t break the law of the original life, to eat on time. 考点11.play all kinds of tricks and jokes的用法 【课文详解】 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的4月1日，是许多人互相玩各种各样的把戏和笑话的日子。 【句型剖析】 play all kinds of tricks and jokes的意思是＂开各种各样的玩笑＂。 Don’t play tricks and jokes. 不要开玩笑。 【经典练】 1．People can play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other on ________ around the world, especially in many western countries. A． B． C． D． 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在世界各地，尤其是在许多西方国家，人们在愚人节可以互相玩各种花招和开玩笑。考查常识。A项表示圣诞节；B项表示儿童节；C项表示愚人节；D项表示万圣节。根据“People can play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other”可知，人们互相开玩笑，这是愚人节人们的活动，故选C。 考点12.宾语从句和sell out的用法 【课文详解】By the time people realized that the story was a hoax,all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都卖完了。 【句型剖析】句中that引导的是宾语从句，作动词realized的宾语。 I realize that it’s very necessary for us to learn English well.我意识到对我们来说学好英语非常有必要。 sell out的意思是＂卖光＂，all of the spaghetti与sell out之间存在被动关系，had been sold out是过去完成时的被动结构。 By the time we got to the bookstore,all the books had been sold out. 当我们到达书店的时候，所有的书都卖完了。 【经典练】 1．— I wonder _______ this evening. — What about the Sports Center? It’s big and clean. A．where we can play basketball B．when we can play basketball C．when can we play basketball D．where can we play basketball 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道今晚我们可以在哪里打篮球。——体育中心怎么样？它又大又干净。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除CD；再由“What about the Sports Center?”可知询问地点，用where引导宾语从句，排除B。故选A。 2．—You know ________? In 12 hours! — That’s crazy. How is it even possible? A．how soon we must finish the task B．how often we must finish the task C．how soon must we finish the task D．how often must we finish the task 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道我们要多久完成任务吗？12小时内！——这太疯狂了。这怎么可能？考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，从句用陈述语序，排除C和D选项。根据“In 12 hours”可知，in+一段时间，要用how soon引导宾语从句，故选A。 3．—I find your dress bought online _________, so I want to buy one. —I’m afraid you are a little late. It _________ last week. A．sells well; was sold out B．is sold well; was sold out C．sells well; sold out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我发现你在网上买的裙子卖得很好，所以我想买一件。——恐怕你来晚了一点。上周就卖光了。考查被动语态。sell“卖”，后面有副词修饰时通常用主动形式表被动，排除B选项；sell out“卖光”，动词短语，有被动语态。根据“It ... last week.”可知，第二空指裙子被卖光了，且时态为一般过去时，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 4．The tickets will ________very soon. If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train. A．sell out B．come out C．set out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：车票很快会卖完。如果你不抓紧，你将会错过火车。 考查动词词组辨析。sell out售完；come out出现，出版；set out出发。由“you’ll miss the train”可知，车票会卖完，故选A。 考点13.discovery 的用法 【课文详解】In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water. 另一个著名的恶作剧是一家英国的电视节目报道发现了一种特殊的水。 【句型剖析】discovery n. 发现，发觉 the discovery of意为＂……的发现＂ The discovery of America is generally referred to Columbus. 普遍认为美洲是哥伦布发现的。 New scientific discoveries are being made every day. 每天都有新的科学发现。学科#网 【知识拓展】(1)discover v. 发现；发觉 I discovered that I didn’t have my money with me when I went to pay my bill. 当我去付账时发觉我没带钱。 (2)discoverer n. 发现者 In general, comets are named after their discoverers. 总的来说，彗星是以发现者的名字命名的。 【经典练】 1．—Why do you say Captain Cook made the ________?   —Because he was the first man to find the island. A．invention B．decision C．discovery D．program 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么说是库克船长发现的？——因为他是第一个发现这个岛的人。 考查名词辨析。invention发明；decision决定；discovery发现；program节目。根据“Because he was the first man to find the island”他是第一个发现这个岛的人；可知此处指“发现这个岛屿”。故选C。 2．The ________ of the island in the 20th century has made a great difference to us. A．invention B．instruction C．method D．discovery 【答案】D 【详解】句意：20世纪该岛的发现对我们产生了巨大的影响。 考查名词辨析。invention发明；instruction指示；method方法；discovery发现。根据“The…of the island in the 20th century”可知，此处指20世纪该岛的发现。故选D。 考点14.marry的用法 【课文详解】The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married.这位女士很高兴，因为她真的很想结婚。 【句型剖析】get married意为“结婚”，表示结婚的动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 marry动词意为“结婚”。 例：Lucy and Peter got married last week. 露西和彼得上周结婚了， She married a policeman last month. 她上个月嫁给了一名警察， 【知识拓展】marry的其他用法： ①marry在多数情况下是及物动词， 需要直接接宾语， 即marry sb.， 意为“和某人结婚；嫁给某人". 例：He is going to marry Jane.他将娶简。 ②marry可作不及物动词， 意为“结婚”. 例：She wouldn't marry again.她不会再结了， ③be married(ts.) (不能用with sb.) 表示已婚的状态， 可以和表示一段时间的 状语连用。 例：She has been married to him for five years.她已经嫁给他5年了。 【经典练】 1．His aunt ________ to an excellent doctor on March 16, 2021. They are very happy now. A．married B．is married C．got married D．married with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的阿姨于2021年3月16日嫁给了一位优秀的医生。他们现在很快乐。 考查动词。marry sb嫁给某人，娶某人；be married to sb和某人结婚，强调状态；get married to sb和某人结婚，强调动作；married with错误表达。根据时间状语“on March 16, 2021.”可知，该句是一般过去时，且强调的是动作。故选C。 2．My grandpa________ my grandma nearly half a century ago. They always have a happy life. A．marries B．has married C．married D．will marry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爷爷和我奶奶在近半个世纪前结婚了。他们总是过着幸福的生活。 考查时态。根据时间状语“nearly half a century ago”可知，本句描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，故选C。 考点15.cancel的用法 【课文详解】The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. 那个电视明星失去了他的女朋友而且他的节目也被取消了。 【句型剖析】cancel v. 取消；终止 cancel out 抵消；对消 The match was canceled because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，比赛被取消了。 Your final carelessness cancelled out what you had tried at the beginning. 你的粗心抵消了你最初的努力。 【经典练】 1．—Have you got the new shirt that you bought online the other day? —No. I _________ the order because my mother said I had too many shirts. A．recorded B．canceled C．followed D．accepted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你有前几天在网上买的那件新衬衫吗？——没有。我取消了订单，因为我妈妈说我的衬衫太多了。考查动词。recorded记录；canceled取消；followed跟随；accepted接受。根据“because my mother said I had too many shirts”可知，“我”取消了订单，故选B。 2．The boys’ 800-meter race will be ________ if there is heavy rain tomorrow. A．controlled B．canceled C．connected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天下大雨，男子800米赛跑将取消。 考查动词词义辨析。controlled 控制；canceled取消；connected连接。根据“there is heavy rain tomorrow”可知，如果下雨就要取消。故选B。 一．语法精讲——过去完成时 过去完成时 知识点01 定义与结构 【语法详解】过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。 过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No, I hadn't. ——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here? 你来这里前还去过哪儿？ (5)被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done. 到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 知识点02 过去完成时的主要用法 【语法详解】过去完成时的主要用法　 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already， yet， still ， just， before， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 知识点03 过去完成时的判断依据 【语法详解】过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by, by the end of, before + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （ 2 ） By the time,When ,Before+ 一过从句。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 　 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 　 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 　 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： 　 Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，但后来未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to London. 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） — John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 【经典练】 1．（23-24九年级上·河北石家庄·期中）When I arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for thirty minutes. A．had begun B．had been on C．has begun D．has been on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经上映了三十分钟。 考查动词时态。根据“when I arrived at the cinema”可知，此处应用过去完成时“had+动词过去分词”，表示过去的过去；结合“for thirty minutes”可知，动词应用延续性动词，begin“开始”，是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应该转换为be on（延续性动词）。故选B。 2．（24-25九年级上·江苏南通）When we arrived at theatre, the play ________ for ten minutes. A．begun B．had started C．had been D．had been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我们到达剧院时，这出戏已经上演了十分钟。 考查时态及延续性动词。begun开始，瞬间动词；started开始，瞬间动词；been“是”；been on上映；根据“for ten minutes”以及“When we arrived at theatre”可知，此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，且用延续性动词，be on“上映”符合，此处用过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。故选D。 3．（24-25九年级上·黑龙江绥化·开学考试）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ for twenty minutes. A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了20分钟了。 考查时态。句子是By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时had done，从句用一般过去时态，根据“for twenty minutes”可知应用延续性动词be on，故选C。 4．（23-24九年级上·江苏苏州）The man insisted that he ________ the old lady’s money and ________ at once. A．didn’t steal; set free B．hadn’t stolen; set free C．didn’t steal; be set free D．hadn’t stolen; be set free 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那人坚持说他没有偷老太太的钱，要马上释放他。 考查过去完成时和虚拟语气。insist意为“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气；意为“坚持要求”时，用虚拟语气，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省去。第一空，insist意为“坚持认为”，且“偷”发生在主句谓语动词“insisted”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为had done，排除A、C；第二空，insist意为“坚持要求”，主语“he”与set free“释放”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即be set free，排除B。故选D。 5．（23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）When he got to the airport, he found he__________ their passport at home. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当他到达机场时，他发现他把护照忘在家里了。 考查动词时态。left离开，留下，动词过去式；has left现在完成时；had left过去完成时；was left被动结构。根据“When he got to the airport”可知，到达机场是过去的动作，而“把护照忘在家里”发生在过去的动作之前，用过去完成时，结构为had + done，故选C。 6．（24-25九年级上·广东深圳）When I got to the train station, the train __________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到火车站的时候，火车已经开了。 考查过去完成时。根据句意可知，火车在我到达火车站之前就开了, 而got to是过去时, leave“离开”这一动作在got to之前已经发生, 所以要用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构是had+过去分词，leave的过去分词是left。故选C。 7．（23-24九年级下·全国·单元测试）By the end of last week, she ________ in the west of China for two months helping the home-less children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．had stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上周末，她已经在中国西部待了两个月，帮助无家可归的孩子。 考查动词时态。根据“By the end of last week”可知，这是过去的时间点，结合“in the west of China for two months helping the home-less children.”可知，这是发生在过去时间点之前就已经完成的动作，因此该句是过去完成时(had done)。故选C。 8．（22-23八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末）—Why was he late for the international meeting? —By the time he got to the airport, the plane ________ already ________. A．has; taking off B．has; taken off C．had; taken off 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他参加国际会议为什么迟到了？——当他到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。 考查过去完成时态。根据“By the time he got to the airport,”可知，此处到达机场是过去的动作，飞机起飞发生在过去的动作之前，用过去完成时，结构为had+done，take的过去分词为taken。故选C。 9．（2024·黑龙江绥化·三模）When I got to the airport, I realized I ______ my passport at home. A．left B．had left C．had forgotten 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我到达机场时，我意识到我把护照忘在家里了。 考查时态和动词辨析。leave遗留；forget忘记。leave sth. sp.“把某物忘在某地”，“把护照忘在家里”发生在“意识到”之前，故用过去完成时。故选B。 10．（2024·河北沧州·三模）We got there too late. The old man ________ his bike to others. A．is selling B．has sold C．sells D．had sold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们到那里的时候太晚了。那个老人已经把他的自行车卖给别人了。 考查时态。根据“We got there too late.”可知，我们“到达”那里的动作发生在过去，老人把车“卖”给别人的动作发生在过去的过去，是在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，应该用过去完成时。故选D。 二．写作精讲——谈论过去的事情或经历 本单元主要谈论过去的事情或经历。写作时一般直接交代时间、地点、人物、事件等，然后详细叙述事情发生的原因、经过和结果。要求能够正确使用一般过去时和过去完成时，合理运用顺叙、倒叙和插叙等记叙方法，条理清楚。 内容：记叙幸运或不幸的一天 文体：记叙文         时态：以一般过去时为主 人称：以第一人称为主 写作此类话题作文的常用表达有： let my parents down 让我父母失望 feel like doing 想要做 stay up until 1:00 熬夜到 1 点 decide to do 决定做 look forward to doing 盼望做 the alarm clock doesn’t go off 闹钟没有响 get up late 起床晚 by the time... 到…时候 by the end of... 到…为止 rush to the bus stop/ hurry to the bus station 赶到车站 rush to school 急忙去上学 get to school 到达学校 be late for school 上学迟到 I didn't even brush my teeth or wash my face.我甚至没有刷牙也没有洗脸。 What a lucky day ! 多么幸运的一天! By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.当我出来时，公汽已经走了。 By the time I walked into the classroom,the teacher had started teaching already.当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 When I got there,I found that he had fooled me. 当我到那儿时，我发现他愚弄了我。 列提纲 写句子 “我”的不幸的一天 点明主题 I will always remember the date September 11, 2022.It was the unluckiest day of my life. 事情经过 1） I got up late this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off. When I woke up, it was 7: 10. So I washed my face quickly and ran to the bus stop without breakfast. 2） By the time I got there,the school bus had already gone. I missed it. So I had to walk to school. 3） Finally, when I got to school, it was already 9: 10. I was late for class. 4） When the teacher asked for my homework,I found I had left it at home. 总结 What a bad day it was! I will always remember the date September 11, 2022.It was the unluckiest day of my life. I got up late this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off. When I woke up, it was 7: 10. So I washed my face quickly and ran to the bus stop without breakfast. By the time I got there,the school bus had already gone. I missed it. So I had to walk to school.Finally, when I got to school, it was already 9: 10. I was late for class. When the teacher asked for my homework,I found I had left it at home. What a bad day it was! 我将永远记得2022年9月11日，那是我一生中最不幸的一天。 今天早上我起晚了，因为我的闹钟没有响。当我醒来时，已经是7点10分了。所以我很快洗了脸，没吃早饭就跑到了公共汽车站。我到那里时，校车已经开走了。我错过了。所以我不得不步行上学。最后，当我到达学校时，已经是9点10分了。我上课迟到了。当老师要我做作业时，我发现我把作业忘在家里了。 多么糟糕的一天啊！ 一、语块梳理 take a shower 洗淋浴 by the time ... 在……以前 alarm clock 闹钟 go off (闹钟)发出响声  wake up 醒来 put on some clothes 穿上衣服 rush out of the door 冲出门外 give ... a lift 捎……一程  at least 至少 be five minutes late for class 上课迟到5分钟 be full of ... 充满…… even though 即使；尽管 wait in line with ... 与……一起排队等待 go on 继续；发生  stare at sb. / sth. 盯着某人 / 某物 in disbelief 不信；怀疑地 jump out of bed 从床上跳下来 go straight to the airport 直奔机场  miss my plane 误了飞机 think to oneself 心中想；盘算  wait till the next day 等到第二天 hear about 听说  the day before 前一天 turn into 变成     show up 露面；赶到 by the end of 在(某时间点)以前 get dressed 穿上衣服  costume party 化装舞会 stay up all night 整晚熬夜  April Fool's Day 愚人节 an introduction to ... 对……的介绍 take place 发生   sell out 卖光   lose weight 减肥   find out  弄清；查明  get married  结婚 cancel his show  取消他的节目 hundreds of  成百上千的；数以百计的 thousands of  成千上万的；数以千计的 police officers 警官  rush to ... 匆忙去…… more than 超过；多于 run away from 逃离 on the first day of school 在上学第一天 turn around 转向；回转 hand in 上交　 keep doing sth. 一直做某事 be about to do sth. 正要做某事 end up doing sth. 以做某事告终 二、句子重难点解析 1. Life is full of the unexpected.　生活充满了意外。 　be full of （= be filled with）　充满，装满 2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.　当我到外面的时候，公共汽车已经离开了。 　by the time 在……以前　（常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时。） 　 By the time I got up, he had already left. 我起床时，他已经走了。 　【拓展】by now 表示“到现在为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。 　　　　 By now I have collected 200 dolls. 3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 　当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把书包落在家里了。 　leave sth. +地点　把某物落在某处 4. My alarm clock didn't go off! 　我的闹钟没有响！ 　go off　发出响声 5. Luckily, Carl's dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 　幸运的是,卡尔的老爸在街上看到我，就捎了我一程。 　give sb. a lift（=give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. ）　捎某人一程 6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.　当我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。 　be about to（do sth.）　将要；正打算；即将；就要 　强调动作马上就要发生，不与具体的时间状语连用。 7. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office. 　我去了我最喜欢的咖啡店，虽然它在我办公室东边两个街区以外。 　even though　即使， 虽然， 尽管　（用于引导让步状语从句） 8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.　上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日聚会。 ⑴invite sb. to do sth.　邀请某人做某事 ⑵invite sb. to +地点　邀请某人去某地 9. After an hour, the other kids showed up...　一小时后，其他的孩子们都来了... 　show up　赶到；露面；出席 　★常见带show的短语 　on show（= on display）　展出；表演 　show off　炫耀；卖弄）　 　show sb. around　带某人四处参观/看看 　show sb. sth.（=show sth. to sb.）　给某人看某物 10. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的四月一日，这一天许多人互相之间搞恶作剧开玩笑。 　 play tricks on sb.（捉弄某人）　　play jokes on sb.（对某人开玩笑）　 　【链接】laugh at（嘲笑）　　make fun of（取笑；拿……开玩笑） 11. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy buy as much as spaghetti as they could. 　 很多人赶到当地的超市抢购意大利面条，能买多少就买多少。 　 as +形容词/副词+ as sb. can / could = as + 形容词/副词+ as possible. 尽可能地…… 12. Many April Fool's jokes may end up being not very funny.　许多愚人节玩笑的结局并不是那么有趣。 ⑴end up doing sth.　结果是（做）…；以（做）…而告终 　I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing. ⑵end up with sth.　以某事结束/告终 　The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese. ⑶end up sth. 结束某事 　The scientist ended up his speech at last. 13. He asked her to marry him.　他向她求婚。 ⑴A marry B 　A与B结婚；A娶了/嫁给B ⑵A and B get married （= A and B are married）　A和B结婚 ⑶marry A to B 　 把A 嫁给B　 ⑷be /get married to sb.　与某人结婚 14. How did you feel about this day?　这一天，你觉得如何？ 　How do you feel about…?（= What do you think of…? = How do you like…?） 　你认为……怎么样/你怎样看待……？（ 用于询问对方对事物的观点或看法。） 三、重点语法 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成 助动词had+过去分词 二、过去完成时的用法 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即这一动作或状态发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如： I forgot to tell you that I had read this novel before. 2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如： Luke had been in China for seven years by the end of last year. 三、一些使用过去完成时的常见情况 1. 由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。如： By ten o'clock yesterday evening, she had finished her homework. 2. 由by the time (在……以前)和when / before引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用过去完成时。如： By the time I got home, my father had left for New York. Ann had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. Tim had rushed out of the door before I could stop him. 3. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。如： The Smiths were glad to know that their son had won the competition. 【链接】现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，侧重过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，与现在有关；过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。如： We have lived here for ten years. We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. Unit 12 话题 过去的事情或经历 词汇 1. expect (v.预料;期待)-expected (adj.预料的)-unexpected (adj.始料不及的) -unexpectedly(adv.出乎意料地) 2. luck(n.运气)--lucky(adj.幸运的)-luckily(adv,幸运地)-unluckily(adv.不幸地) 3. fool(n.傻瓜v.愚弄)--foolish(adj. 愚蠢的) 4. burn(v.燃烧) -- burning(adj.着火的;燃烧的)--burned(adj.烧焦的;烧伤的) 5. embarrass(v.使窘迫)-- embarrassed(adj. 窘迫的) -- embarrassing(adj. 使人害羞的)-- embarrassment(n.尴尬;窘迫) 6. announce(v.宣布)--announcement(n.通告) 7. discover(v.发现)--discovery(n.发现)--discoverer(n.发现者) 8. believe(v.相信) believable(adj.可相信的)-unbelievable(adj. 难以置信的) 9. belief(n.信心)-disbelief(n.不信;怀疑) 10. office(n.办公室)-officer(n.军官;官员)-official(adj.正式的;官方的n.官员;要员) 短语 1. take a shower 洗淋浴 2. by the time...在……以前 3. put on 穿上 4. go off(闹钟等)发出响声 5. wake up醒,叫醒 6. rush out of 冲出……;跑出…… 7. brush one's teeth 刷牙 8. give sb. a lift 捎某人一程 9. at least 至少 10. in line with 与……成一排 11. be full of be filled with 充满;装满 12. stare at 盯着看;凝视 13. in disbelief 怀疑地,难以置信地 14. hear about 听说,得知 15. turn into 变成 16. by the end of在(某时间点)以前 17. show up 赶到;露面 18. at the end of 在……尽头;在……末尾 19. show off 炫耀 20. in the end 最后,终于 21. show sb. around 带领某人参观 22. costume party 化装舞会 23. get dressed 穿衣服 24. stay up 熬夜 25. sell out 卖光 26. play tricks/jokes on sb.捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑. 27. lose weight 减重,减肥 28. hundreds of 数百的,成百上千的 29. run away from 从……逃脱;回避,逃避 30. leave+宾语+地点状语 把……忘在某地 31. be about to do sth. 即将做某事 32. decide to do sth.决定做某事 33. get a chance to do sth.得到做某事的机会 34. end up doing sth.以做某事而告终 35. so +adj./adv.+that 从句 如此……以至于…… 36. finish doing sth.完成做某事 37. forget to do sth.忘记做某事(未做) 38. forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) 句型 1. Life is full of the unexpected. 生活充满了出乎意料的事。 2. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。 When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包落家里了。 4.My alarm clock didn't go off! 我的闹钟没有响! 5. Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 幸运的是，卡尔的爸爸在街上看到我，让我搭他的车。 6.How did the writer end up missing both events?作者最后怎样错过了这两件事? 7. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 我正要上楼，这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。 8. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard…当我在排队的时候，我听到 9. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. 我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟，无法相信(这一切)。 10.I felt lucky to be alive. 我感到很幸运我还活着。 11. What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?愚人节那天戴夫怎么了？ 12. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的4月1日，是许多人互相玩各种各样的把戏和笑话的日子。 13. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax,all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都卖完了。 14. In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water. 另一个著名的恶作剧是一家英国的电视节目报道发现了一种特殊的水。 15.The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married. 这位女士很高兴，因为她真的很想结婚。 16. The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. 那个电视明星失去了他的女朋友而且他的节目也被取消了。 17. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story...威尔斯的故事听起来如此真实，以至于数百人相信了这个故事。 18.By the time police officers told the country that the story was a hoax，many people had runaway from their homes.当警官告诉全国的人们这个故事是一个骗局时，许多人已经逃离了他们的家园。 语法 过去完成时； 写作 过去的事情或经历 考点1 unexpected和be full of的用法 【教材原句】 Life is full of the unexpected. 生活充满了出乎意料的事。 【句型剖析】unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 the unexpected＂意外的事情；出乎意料的事＂。英语中，有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或事物，在句子中起集体名词的作用。 the homeless 无家可归者 the disabled 残疾人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 The old should be taken good care of by the government. 政府应该好好照顾老年人。 It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this. 如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意外，因为他一向如此。 【句型剖析】 be full of意为“充满”，相当于be filled with。例如： The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。 The classroom is full of different boys and girls. 教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。 【经典练】 1．They won the match with great difficulty. The result was quite ________________and everyone jumped with joy. A．unexpected B．usual C．quick D．lucky 2．—I hear Jack will leave our school, right? —That's really________. However, it' s true. A．unexpected B．wonderful C．unuseful D．uncrowded 3．—Do you know the 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou this September? —Yes, of course. Though it is full ________ challenges, we still have full confidence that it will be a great success. A．in B．of C．with D．for 4．The best gift in the world may be not expensive, but must _______ love. A．be full of B．be afraid of C．be busy with D．be worried about 考点2.by the time的用法 【句型剖析】（1）by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如： By the time I got there, the bus had already left. 不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。 （2）当时间状语为by the end of last month/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如： 　By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs. 到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。 【拓展】（1）过去完成时的概念： 过去完成时表示一个动作或者状态在过去某一个时间或者动作之前已经完成或结束，也可以说是“过去的过去”。它的结构是：had＋动词的过去分词，had用于各种人称和数，即had没有人称和数的变化。 （2）过去完成时的否定和疑问句式： 过去完成时的否定句是在had的后面直接加not；过去完成时的一般疑问句是直接把had移到句首。它的肯定回答是：Yes, I had. 否定回答是：No, I hadn’t. 例如： 　He hadn’t finished his homework before I came back. 在我回来之前，他没有完成作业。 　—Had you finished your homework by the time your mother came back? 到你妈妈回来的时候，你完成你的家庭作业了吗？ —Yes，I had. 是的，完成了。 【经典练】 1． the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. A．On B．In C．By D．With 2．The teacher advises us ________ many books ________, just one by one. A．not reading, in time B．not to read, at times C．not to read, at a time D．not reading, on time 考点 3.leave的用法 【教材原句】 When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包落家里了。 【句型剖析】leave为及物动词，意为＂遗忘＂，常用结构：leave sth+介词+地点，表示＂把某物遗忘在某地＂。 leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 leave for +地点 离开去某地 leave a message 留言ask for a leave 请假 leave one by oneself = leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 He left his umbrella on the train. 他把伞忘在火车上了。 He left the key at school so he couldn’t get into his home. 他把钥匙忘在学校里了，所以进不了家。 【经典练】 1．Tom shouted, “The apple is brown. You had better ________ it in the air.” A．don’t leave B．not leave C．not leaving D．not to leave 2．—Have you got your school things ready? We ________ in two minutes. —Sure. Everything is ready. A．left B．leave C．are leaving D．have left 【写作佳句】 First, it’s impolite to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice and leave them there. 考点4. luckily和give sb.a lift的用法 【教材原句】 Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 【句型剖析】luckily是副词，意思是＂幸运的是＂，反义词是unluckily，意为＂不幸地＂。 It was a bad accident, but luckily, nobody got hurt. 那是一次严重的事故，但是所幸没有人受伤。 Unluckily, I missed the last bus. 不幸的是，我错过了最后一班公交车。 【句型剖析】give sb.a lift意为＂捎某人一程＂，相当于give sb. a ride。 They gave me a lift on the way home.=They gave me a ride on the way home. 回家的路上他们捎了我一程。 【知识拓展】 (1) lucky adj.＂幸运的＂，既可以作表语，也可以作定语，unlucky＂不幸的＂。 Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number.有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。 (2) luck n.＂运气＂。good luck表示＂好运＂，用于祝福某人。bad luck表示＂真糟糕，运气不好＂。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 【经典练】 1．—How well you are working, my friends! —We must. Miss Gao said that the _________ we work, the _________ we will become. A．harder; luckier B．harder; more luckily C．more hardly; luckier 2．There was a fire in his house. ________, he was not hurt at all. A．Simply B．Luckily C．Really D．Definitely 3．There was a serious accident, but ________, nobody was hurt at all. A．luckily B．carefully C．sadly D．hardly 4．On my way to school, Lucy's father ________ me a lift in his car. A．give B．gave C．take D．took 5．Cindy, would you mind ________ me a lift to work tomorrow morning? A．giving B．to give C．give D．given 【写作佳句】 Luckily, with the help of my friends, I managed to express my thoughts and helped others with their problems in my spare time.. 考点5.end up和 miss的用法 【教材原句】 How did the writer end up missing both events?作者最后怎样错过了这两件事? 【句型剖析】end up意为“结束，告终"，后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“最 终成为；最终处于".其后加介词with构成短语end up with中，表示“以......结束/告终"，此时up可以省略。 例：If he keeps drinking so much，hell end up ill. 如果他继续喝这么多酒，总有一天会生病的， I ended up doing all the work myself. 结果所有的工作都是我一个人干了. The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束， 【知识拓展】 end up as...最后成为...... end up like...最后像......一样 例：He worked very hard and ended up as a famous scientist.他非常努力，最终成了一位著名的科学家。 Try to keep healthy.I don't want you to end up like that.努力保持健康，我不想你最后落得那样的情况。 【句型剖析】miss作及物动词，意为“错过； 未赶上".后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式， miss doing sth.意为“错过做某事"， 例：We missed the bus. 我们没赶上公共汽车。 I missed taking part in the sports meeting. 我错过参加那次运动会了。 【经典练】 1．Though they two use different ways to solve the math problem, they ________ with the same answer. A．give up B．end up C．make up 2．Dale is making great efforts because he doesn’t want to ________ failing the exam. A．give up B．make up C．put up D．end up 3．The children tried their best to win the soccer game, but they ________ losing it. A．gave up B．ended up C．looked up D．showed up 4．What’s the weather like tomorrow? I was on the phone and _________ most of the weather report. A．miss B．was missing C．would miss D．missed 考点6.be about to do sth的用法 【教材原句】 I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 【句型剖析】be about to do sth. 表示＂打算做某事＂。 I am about to go shopping this weekend. 我这个周末打算去购物。 when表示叙述前面所没有提到过的信息。它总是对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调，意为＂这时，突然＂。 They were about to leave when it began to snow. 他们打算离开，突然开始下雪。 decide to do sth.表示＂决定做某事＂。 Have you decided to go to Beijing for a vacation? 你决定去北京度假了吗？ 【经典练】 1．We should not only be confident ________ ourselves, but also think things ________ before making decisions. A．about; over B．in; about C．about; of 考点7.as的用法 【教材原句】 As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard… 【句型剖析】as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如： We walked into the garden as the music stopped. 音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。 【拓展】 as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下： (1) as作连词： 1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如： I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。 You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。 2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如： As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。 3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如： As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 (2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如： I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。 【经典练】 1．—Is your favorite sport the same ________ hers? —No, I like running, but she’s good at jumping. We’re different ________ each other. A．from; as B．as; as C．as; from D．from; from 【写作佳句】 As we all know, there are many traditional festivals in China.. 考点8. stare和disbelief的用法 【教材原句】We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.我难以置信地盯着燃烧的大楼上升起的黑烟。 【句型剖析】stare在此处作不及物动词，意为“盯着看；凝视"， stare at意为“凝视"，为固定短语。 例：What are you staring at? 你在看什么? I stared at the paper in front of me. 我盯着面前的那张纸。 【句型剖析】disbelief不可数名词，意为“不相信；怀疑"，常用短语in disbelief，意为“怀 疑地；难以置信地”通常在句中作状语。 例：We stared at her in disbelief. 我们疑惑地盯着她。 He listened in disbelief to that surprising story. 他满腹怀疑地听着那个令人惊奇的故事。 【经典练】 1．—Why are you _________ blankly _________ the paper without doing anything? —I don’t know what to write. A．looking; for B．staring; at C．putting; in D．looking; up 2．When she heard the news, she ________ at me with surprise and couldn’t say a word. A．stared B．watched C．noticed D．saw 3．He listened _______ to this strange story. It’s difficult to make him believe it. A．in disbelief B．in danger C．in trouble D．in need 4．I stared at him in _______, shocked at what he had said. A．agreement B．disbelief C．line D．excitement 5．I stared at him ________, shocked by what he had done. A．in hunger B．in a hurry C．in disbelief D．in danger 考点9.alive的用法 【教材原句】 I felt lucky to be alive. 我感到很幸运我还活着。 【句型剖析】alive是形容词，意为＂活着的；有生气的＂。反义词是dead，多用于人或动植物，只作表语。 He wanted to keep the fish alive. 他想让鱼活着。 【易混辨析】live，living，lively (1)live作形容词是＂活生生的＂，只作定语。 This is a live fish. 这是一条活鱼。 (2)living作形容词，意为＂活着的＂，作表语或定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。 The fish is still living. 那条鱼还活着。 (3)lively是形容词，指＂生动的；生机勃勃的＂，用来修饰人或物。 Jenny is a lively girl. 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 考点10.happen的用法 【课文详解】 What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?愚人节那天戴夫怎么了？ 【句型剖析】（1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是： 都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如： What happened to you on the road yesterday? 昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？ Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 (2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如： An accident happened to him after drinking too much. 他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。 I happened to meet your mother yesterday. 昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。 【经典练】 1．Jeff asked ______. A．what’s wrong with her B．what wrong she was C．what she happened D．what happened to her 2．Something ________ if they hold the party tomorrow. A．happens B．is happened C．will happen 【写作佳句】 No matter what happened, don’t break the law of the original life, to eat on time. 考点11.play all kinds of tricks and jokes的用法 【课文详解】 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的4月1日，是许多人互相玩各种各样的把戏和笑话的日子。 【句型剖析】 play all kinds of tricks and jokes的意思是＂开各种各样的玩笑＂。 Don’t play tricks and jokes. 不要开玩笑。 【经典练】 1．People can play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other on ________ around the world, especially in many western countries. A． B． C． D． 考点12.宾语从句和sell out的用法 【课文详解】By the time people realized that the story was a hoax,all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. 当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都卖完了。 【句型剖析】句中that引导的是宾语从句，作动词realized的宾语。 I realize that it’s very necessary for us to learn English well.我意识到对我们来说学好英语非常有必要。 sell out的意思是＂卖光＂，all of the spaghetti与sell out之间存在被动关系，had been sold out是过去完成时的被动结构。 By the time we got to the bookstore,all the books had been sold out. 当我们到达书店的时候，所有的书都卖完了。 【经典练】 1．— I wonder _______ this evening. — What about the Sports Center? It’s big and clean. A．where we can play basketball B．when we can play basketball C．when can we play basketball D．where can we play basketball 2．—You know ________? In 12 hours! — That’s crazy. How is it even possible? A．how soon we must finish the task B．how often we must finish the task C．how soon must we finish the task D．how often must we finish the task 3．—I find your dress bought online _________, so I want to buy one. —I’m afraid you are a little late. It _________ last week. A．sells well; was sold out B．is sold well; was sold out C．sells well; sold out 4．The tickets will ________very soon. If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train. A．sell out B．come out C．set out 考点13.discovery 的用法 【课文详解】In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water. 另一个著名的恶作剧是一家英国的电视节目报道发现了一种特殊的水。 【句型剖析】discovery n. 发现，发觉 the discovery of意为＂……的发现＂ The discovery of America is generally referred to Columbus. 普遍认为美洲是哥伦布发现的。 New scientific discoveries are being made every day. 每天都有新的科学发现。学科#网 【知识拓展】(1)discover v. 发现；发觉 I discovered that I didn’t have my money with me when I went to pay my bill. 当我去付账时发觉我没带钱。 (2)discoverer n. 发现者 In general, comets are named after their discoverers. 总的来说，彗星是以发现者的名字命名的。 【经典练】 1．—Why do you say Captain Cook made the ________?   —Because he was the first man to find the island. A．invention B．decision C．discovery D．program 2．The ________ of the island in the 20th century has made a great difference to us. A．invention B．instruction C．method D．discovery 考点14.marry的用法 【课文详解】The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married.这位女士很高兴，因为她真的很想结婚。 【句型剖析】get married意为“结婚”，表示结婚的动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 marry动词意为“结婚”。 例：Lucy and Peter got married last week. 露西和彼得上周结婚了， She married a policeman last month. 她上个月嫁给了一名警察， 【知识拓展】marry的其他用法： ①marry在多数情况下是及物动词， 需要直接接宾语， 即marry sb.， 意为“和某人结婚；嫁给某人". 例：He is going to marry Jane.他将娶简。 ②marry可作不及物动词， 意为“结婚”. 例：She wouldn't marry again.她不会再结了， ③be married(ts.) (不能用with sb.) 表示已婚的状态， 可以和表示一段时间的 状语连用。 例：She has been married to him for five years.她已经嫁给他5年了。 【经典练】 1．His aunt ________ to an excellent doctor on March 16, 2021. They are very happy now. A．married B．is married C．got married D．married with 2．My grandpa________ my grandma nearly half a century ago. They always have a happy life. A．marries B．has married C．married D．will marry 考点15.cancel的用法 【课文详解】The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. 那个电视明星失去了他的女朋友而且他的节目也被取消了。 【句型剖析】cancel v. 取消；终止 cancel out 抵消；对消 The match was canceled because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，比赛被取消了。 Your final carelessness cancelled out what you had tried at the beginning. 你的粗心抵消了你最初的努力。 【经典练】 1．—Have you got the new shirt that you bought online the other day? —No. I _________ the order because my mother said I had too many shirts. A．recorded B．canceled C．followed D．accepted 2．The boys’ 800-meter race will be ________ if there is heavy rain tomorrow. A．controlled B．canceled C．connected 一．语法精讲——过去完成时 过去完成时 知识点01 定义与结构 【语法详解】过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。 过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No, I hadn't. ——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here? 你来这里前还去过哪儿？ (5)被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done. 到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 知识点02 过去完成时的主要用法 【语法详解】过去完成时的主要用法　 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already， yet， still ， just， before， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 知识点03 过去完成时的判断依据 【语法详解】过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by, by the end of, before + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （ 2 ） By the time,When ,Before+ 一过从句。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 　 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 　 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 　 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： 　 Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，但后来未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to London. 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） — John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 【经典练】 1．（23-24九年级上·河北石家庄·期中）When I arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for thirty minutes. A．had begun B．had been on C．has begun D．has been on 2．（24-25九年级上·江苏南通）When we arrived at theatre, the play ________ for ten minutes. A．begun B．had started C．had been D．had been on 3．（24-25九年级上·黑龙江绥化·开学考试）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ for twenty minutes. A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on 4．（23-24九年级上·江苏苏州）The man insisted that he ________ the old lady’s money and ________ at once. A．didn’t steal; set free B．hadn’t stolen; set free C．didn’t steal; be set free D．hadn’t stolen; be set free 5．（23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）When he got to the airport, he found he__________ their passport at home. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 6．（24-25九年级上·广东深圳）When I got to the train station, the train __________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 7．（23-24九年级下·全国·单元测试）By the end of last week, she ________ in the west of China for two months helping the home-less children. A．will stay B．has stayed C．had stayed 8．（22-23八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末）—Why was he late for the international meeting? —By the time he got to the airport, the plane ________ already ________. A．has; taking off B．has; taken off C．had; taken off 9．（2024·黑龙江绥化·三模）When I got to the airport, I realized I ______ my passport at home. A．left B．had left C．had forgotten 10．（2024·河北沧州·三模）We got there too late. The old man ________ his bike to others. A．is selling B．has sold C．sells D．had sold 二．写作精讲——谈论过去的事情或经历 本单元主要谈论过去的事情或经历。写作时一般直接交代时间、地点、人物、事件等，然后详细叙述事情发生的原因、经过和结果。要求能够正确使用一般过去时和过去完成时，合理运用顺叙、倒叙和插叙等记叙方法，条理清楚。 内容：记叙幸运或不幸的一天 文体：记叙文         时态：以一般过去时为主 人称：以第一人称为主 写作此类话题作文的常用表达有： let my parents down 让我父母失望 feel like doing 想要做 stay up until 1:00 熬夜到 1 点 decide to do 决定做 look forward to doing 盼望做 the alarm clock doesn’t go off 闹钟没有响 get up late 起床晚 by the time... 到…时候 by the end of... 到…为止 rush to the bus stop/ hurry to the bus station 赶到车站 rush to school 急忙去上学 get to school 到达学校 be late for school 上学迟到 I didn't even brush my teeth or wash my face.我甚至没有刷牙也没有洗脸。 What a lucky day ! 多么幸运的一天! By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.当我出来时，公汽已经走了。 By the time I walked into the classroom,the teacher had started teaching already.当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 When I got there,I found that he had fooled me. 当我到那儿时，我发现他愚弄了我。 列提纲 写句子 “我”的不幸的一天 点明主题 I will always remember the date September 11, 2022.It was the unluckiest day of my life. 事情经过 1） I got up late this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off. When I woke up, it was 7: 10. So I washed my face quickly and ran to the bus stop without breakfast. 2） By the time I got there,the school bus had already gone. I missed it. So I had to walk to school. 3） Finally, when I got to school, it was already 9: 10. I was late for class. 4） When the teacher asked for my homework,I found I had left it at home. 总结 What a bad day it was! I will always remember the date September 11, 2022.It was the unluckiest day of my life. I got up late this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off. When I woke up, it was 7: 10. So I washed my face quickly and ran to the bus stop without breakfast. By the time I got there,the school bus had already gone. I missed it. So I had to walk to school.Finally, when I got to school, it was already 9: 10. I was late for class. When the teacher asked for my homework,I found I had left it at home. What a bad day it was! 我将永远记得2022年9月11日，那是我一生中最不幸的一天。 今天早上我起晚了，因为我的闹钟没有响。当我醒来时，已经是7点10分了。所以我很快洗了脸，没吃早饭就跑到了公共汽车站。我到那里时，校车已经开走了。我错过了。所以我不得不步行上学。最后，当我到达学校时，已经是9点10分了。我上课迟到了。当老师要我做作业时，我发现我把作业忘在家里了。 多么糟糕的一天啊！ 一、语块梳理 take a shower 洗淋浴 by the time ... 在……以前 alarm clock 闹钟 go off (闹钟)发出响声  wake up 醒来 put on some clothes 穿上衣服 rush out of the door 冲出门外 give ... a lift 捎……一程  at least 至少 be five minutes late for class 上课迟到5分钟 be full of ... 充满…… even though 即使；尽管 wait in line with ... 与……一起排队等待 go on 继续；发生  stare at sb. / sth. 盯着某人 / 某物 in disbelief 不信；怀疑地 jump out of bed 从床上跳下来 go straight to the airport 直奔机场  miss my plane 误了飞机 think to oneself 心中想；盘算  wait till the next day 等到第二天 hear about 听说  the day before 前一天 turn into 变成     show up 露面；赶到 by the end of 在(某时间点)以前 get dressed 穿上衣服  costume party 化装舞会 stay up all night 整晚熬夜  April Fool's Day 愚人节 an introduction to ... 对……的介绍 take place 发生   sell out 卖光   lose weight 减肥   find out  弄清；查明  get married  结婚 cancel his show  取消他的节目 hundreds of  成百上千的；数以百计的 thousands of  成千上万的；数以千计的 police officers 警官  rush to ... 匆忙去…… more than 超过；多于 run away from 逃离 on the first day of school 在上学第一天 turn around 转向；回转 hand in 上交　 keep doing sth. 一直做某事 be about to do sth. 正要做某事 end up doing sth. 以做某事告终 二、句子重难点解析 1. Life is full of the unexpected.　生活充满了意外。 　be full of （= be filled with）　充满，装满 2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.　当我到外面的时候，公共汽车已经离开了。 　by the time 在……以前　（常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时。） 　 By the time I got up, he had already left. 我起床时，他已经走了。 　【拓展】by now 表示“到现在为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。 　　　　 By now I have collected 200 dolls. 3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 　当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把书包落在家里了。 　leave sth. +地点　把某物落在某处 4. My alarm clock didn't go off! 　我的闹钟没有响！ 　go off　发出响声 5. Luckily, Carl's dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 　幸运的是,卡尔的老爸在街上看到我，就捎了我一程。 　give sb. a lift（=give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. ）　捎某人一程 6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.　当我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。 　be about to（do sth.）　将要；正打算；即将；就要 　强调动作马上就要发生，不与具体的时间状语连用。 7. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office. 　我去了我最喜欢的咖啡店，虽然它在我办公室东边两个街区以外。 　even though　即使， 虽然， 尽管　（用于引导让步状语从句） 8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.　上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日聚会。 ⑴invite sb. to do sth.　邀请某人做某事 ⑵invite sb. to +地点　邀请某人去某地 9. After an hour, the other kids showed up...　一小时后，其他的孩子们都来了... 　show up　赶到；露面；出席 　★常见带show的短语 　on show（= on display）　展出；表演 　show off　炫耀；卖弄）　 　show sb. around　带某人四处参观/看看 　show sb. sth.（=show sth. to sb.）　给某人看某物 10. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的四月一日，这一天许多人互相之间搞恶作剧开玩笑。 　 play tricks on sb.（捉弄某人）　　play jokes on sb.（对某人开玩笑）　 　【链接】laugh at（嘲笑）　　make fun of（取笑；拿……开玩笑） 11. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy buy as much as spaghetti as they could. 　 很多人赶到当地的超市抢购意大利面条，能买多少就买多少。 　 as +形容词/副词+ as sb. can / could = as + 形容词/副词+ as possible. 尽可能地…… 12. Many April Fool's jokes may end up being not very funny.　许多愚人节玩笑的结局并不是那么有趣。 ⑴end up doing sth.　结果是（做）…；以（做）…而告终 　I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing. ⑵end up with sth.　以某事结束/告终 　The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese. ⑶end up sth. 结束某事 　The scientist ended up his speech at last. 13. He asked her to marry him.　他向她求婚。 ⑴A marry B 　A与B结婚；A娶了/嫁给B ⑵A and B get married （= A and B are married）　A和B结婚 ⑶marry A to B 　 把A 嫁给B　 ⑷be /get married to sb.　与某人结婚 14. How did you feel about this day?　这一天，你觉得如何？ 　How do you feel about…?（= What do you think of…? = How do you like…?） 　你认为……怎么样/你怎样看待……？（ 用于询问对方对事物的观点或看法。） 三、重点语法 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成 助动词had+过去分词 二、过去完成时的用法 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即这一动作或状态发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如： I forgot to tell you that I had read this novel before. 2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如： Luke had been in China for seven years by the end of last year. 三、一些使用过去完成时的常见情况 1. 由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。如： By ten o'clock yesterday evening, she had finished her homework. 2. 由by the time (在……以前)和when / before引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用过去完成时。如： By the time I got home, my father had left for New York. Ann had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. Tim had rushed out of the door before I could stop him. 3. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。如： The Smiths were glad to know that their son had won the competition. 【链接】现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，侧重过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，与现在有关；过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。如： We have lived here for ten years. We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$