04 阅读理解（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年对口升学英语二轮复习专项突破（河南专用）

04 阅读理解 【考纲解读】 考生能读懂难度相当于所学课文的不同题材和体裁的文字材料。文字材料生词率不超过3%。要求考生通过阅读能够把握其中心思想和主要内容，能对相关信息进行分析和推理判断。 本题共包括两篇阅读文章，10个小题，每小题2分，共20分。一般来说，英语阅读理解题主要本题考查说明文和记叙文。常考事实细节题(涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等)、推理判断题(文章来源或读者对象、作者意图和态度)、主旨大意题(归纳标题、概括大意)、词义猜测题等。语篇长度为150词左右，生词量为0～4个。 【考点精讲】 阅读选择的考查方式基本包括细节信息题、推理判断题、词/句义猜测题和主旨大意题这四类题型。考查考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力，包括综合理解能力以及推断和总结概括的能力。 1. 细节信息题 （1）出题规律 常用 wh-/ how 等特殊疑问词提问文章具体信息 e.g. What did the father expect Galileo to be? 题干中具体信息挖空 e.g. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . （2）解题技巧 找：阅读题干，找关键词 定：返回文中，精确定位 得：对比选项，得出答案 关键词特征 1.特殊词：数词、专有名词、连字符词、引号词、概念词； 2.普通名词（短语）：优先选易成为句子主干的名词短语； 3.动词短语：原词或同义替换词； 4.特殊必选词：形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、动词的特殊时态表达。 定位处特征 定位处与题干重合度高（相同或同义替换）。 注意 1.精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案； 2.如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解。 【例1】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa．Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. What did the father expect Galileo to be? A.A doctor. B.A teacher. C.An inventor. D.A mathematician. 【解析】A。通过阅读题干可知，题干问的是：父亲希望伽利略成为什么？根据题干中的 father一词定位到最后1句话“Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. ”，由此可知，伽利略的父亲想让他成为一名医生。 【例2】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . A.there are no cheap ones B.expensive dishes are popular C.they want to show they are rich D.they want to treat their friends better 【解析】C。根据题干可定位到第 4 句，原因体现在后半句just to show that they can afford them（只是为了显示他们能够买得起）中。C 项（他们想要展示他们有钱）就是对原文表达的同义转述。 2. 推理判断题 主要考查的是考生根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力。主要包括细节推理、作者 态度、文章出处三类。 （1）细节推理 出题规律 ① It is implied (暗示、意味着) in paragraph x... ② What can be inferred (推断、推论) from paragraph x. ③ What does ... suggest (暗示)/ show? ④ What do we know about/ can we know from…? 解题技巧 ① 找：阅读题干，找关键词 ② 定：返回文中，精确定位 ③ 得：对比选项，得出答案 注意事项 ① no推 no die，最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述； ② 有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、 否定、对比等）； ③ 错误答案往往与原文相关，符合常识，但原文并未出现；或者过度推理，无中生有。 【例】Over the next few months, White created a piece of warning equipment called“Guardian”. Fixed on treetops, Guardians can pick up the sound of cutting machine from as far as two thirds of a mile away. When a Guardian catches a sound of cutting trees, it sends an alarm to forest guards, indicating where the sound is coming from. The guards then set off to stop the illegal activity.“If you respond in time, there’s a chance that you can stop much of the treecutting,”White said. What can be inferred about Guardians? A .They can locate the tree cutting site. B.They help White make much money. C.They produce noise to stop tree cutting. D.They drive away wildlife from treetops. 【解析】A。题干问的是：关于 Guardians这一设备能够推断出什么？通读本段内容可 知，Guardians能够收集从很远的地方传来的砍树机运作时发出的声音，当Guardians收集到 砍树的声音后它便会向森林保护者们发出警报，告诉他们声音是从哪来的。这样森林保护者们就能够及时出发并制止砍树等非法活动的发生。由此可以推断 Guardians 是能够确定砍伐树木的位置的，故 A 项是正确答案。 （2）作者态度 出题规律 ① The author’s attitude towards…is that .【作者态度】 ② Which of the following best describes the author ’s attitude towards…?【作者态度】 ③ From the text, we can see that the writer seems .【作者观点】 ④ From Paragraph 1, we know that the author .【作者观点】 解题技巧 ① 搞清楚题干中 who to what； ② 优先找直接表态的句子； ③ 找表情感态度的词； ④ 借助褒贬义词解题； ⑤ 有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题。 常见表现方式 ① 强转折，问号 ② 形容词：good, fortunate ③ 副词：luckily ④ 否定词 ：unfortunate (un-/ dis-/ in-/ im-/ il-/ ir-/ -less)/ no/ not/ hardly/ few/ little ⑤ 方向词：lose/ fail/ reduce/ increase/ rise 【例】Nowadays more and more people stop using plastic straws (吸管). The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to wrap around the earth 2.5 times each day. 【para.1】 From Paragraph 1, we know that the author . A.expects Americans to stop using plastic straws B.wants to show how serious the problem is C.plans to wrap the earth with straws D.cares little about plastic pollution 【解析】B。在解答这类题目时一定要特别注意作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。针对本段内容，可以发现作者在描述塑料吸管造成的浪费时所用的形容词是unbelievable（难以置信的）。由此可以推断作者认为塑料吸管造成的污染是非常严重的，他希望人们认识到这一点，故B项是正确答案。 （3）文章出处 出题规律 ① In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? ② In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? ② The passage is probably taken from a magazine about . ④ You may find the article in . ⑤ Where do we probably read the passage? 解题技巧 ① 文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词 ② 文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句 ② 文章文体特征 【例】Eating is usually a group activity. Different groups develop their own food preferences (偏好). We can even tell which group of people a person belongs to from his food choice. And these food choices are passed on from parents to their children. When the children grow up, they feel most comfortable with the food they have in their own homes. Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Your feelings and your appetite work together. You may overeat when you are worried or lonely.People sometimes eat when they feel unsafe or think that no one likes them or they may eat to calm themselves. Feeling may also cause under-eating. People who feel sad may eat very little. They regard themselves as heavier than they really are or they think being thin is beautiful. Many people worry so much about being too heavy that they don’t eat enough. They may become weak or even sick from not having enough food. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A ．Technology. B ．Life. C ．Entertainment. D ．Science. 【解析】B。通读这两段内容，考生会发现文章中多次出现 food 一词，由此判断全文内 容都与饮食相关。饮食属于生活的一部分，所以可以推断这篇文章选自报纸的 Life（生活）栏目，故 B 项是正确答案。 3.词/句义猜测题 考查的是考生联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有） 的能力。词义/句义猜测题主要有三个考查角度：代词指代、词义猜测和句义猜测。在解答这类题目时，考生必须在读懂句子本身意思的基础上，结合上下文，判断其在文中的意义。 （1）出题规律 ①The underlined“xxx”is closest in meaning to . ②The word“xxx”in the passage probably means . ③The underlined“xxx”refers to . ④The underlined“xxx”means . ⑤The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means . （2）解题技巧 利用上下文推测词义； 返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、转折处、定义处、并列论据处等同义替换关系； 答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中；注意代词指代（被指代的对象一般出现在代词所在句的前一两句中）。 【例1】“She comes when I call.She has never left me,not even during the river floods,”the man said,“She used to be more vigorous,but she has grown old now.If she dies,I will make her a nice grave here.” What does the underlined word“vigorous”in the last paragraph mean? A．powerful B．energetic C．friendly D．beautiful 【解析】B。画线词所在句的句义为：她以前更vigorous，但现在已经老了。根据but 可知，vigorous与old的意义应该相反，由此可推出，vigorous意为“充满活力的”。powerful 意为“有力量的”；energetic意为“有活力的”；friendly意为“友好的”；beautiful意为“美丽的”。故B项为正确答案。 【例2】At fourteen,I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again.Every day,my mother spoke to me,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later,I returned to school—walking on my own! What does“that message”refer to in Paragraph 3? A．I could return to school. B．I would never walk again. C．I should always believe her. D．I could walk again if I wanted to. 【解析】D。根据题干关键词that message定位到第三段，根据前一句Every day,my mother spoke to me in her gentle,loving voice,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.（每天，母亲都用她温柔、慈爱的声音跟我说话，告诉我不管医生怎么说，只要我非常想，我就能再走路了），由此可知that message指的是妈妈传达给我的“只要我想，我就又能走了”，故选D。A项“我可以回学校了”、B项“我再也不能走路了”、C项“我应该永远相信她”均与题意不符。 【例3】The form of energy we use must is electricity,and every day more is needed.But electricity also has to be made,and to make it,huge quantities of fuel are required—oil,coal,gas and so on.The question which worries everyone today is:how long will these fuels last?Nobody knows for sure,but most experts think it will soon be difficult to get enough electricity from these sources.It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here,too. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that the sun may provide us with. A．enough fuels B．enough steam C．enough oil D．enough electricity 【解析】画线句的句义为：太阳也有可能在这里做出贡献。这里需要判断的就是太阳能做出的贡献是什么，考生需要联系上文得出答案。通过阅读上文可知，我们需要电，但石油、煤炭和天然气等能源可能无法为我们提供足够多的电。而太阳可能为我们提供电。故D项是正确答案。 4.主旨大意题 主要考查考生对于文章大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力，主要涉及的考查角度包 括段落大意题、全文大意题（文章标题题）等。 （1）出题规律 ①What is the xxx paragraph mainly about?【段落主旨】 ②What is the main purpose/focus/theme/topic of this passage?【文章主旨】 ③The general idea of the passage is .【文章主旨】 ④The passage is mainly about...【文章主旨】 ⑤The best title of the passage could be...【文章主旨】 ⑥In this passage,the author mainly discusses .【文章主旨】 ⑦The passage mainly deals with .【文章主旨】 （2）解题技巧 文章角度 ①通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心 ②注意设问、特殊符号处 ③围绕转折判断中心：but,however,yet(句首),in fact,unfortunately,instead(of)… ④文章中反复出现的表达 题干角度（题干中反复出现的表达） 【例1】Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Life is better without heat. B．Life is impossible without heat. C．Life is better if there is more heat. D．Life is impossible in the cold season. 【解析】B。通常情况下段落的主题句会出现在段落的开头或结尾。在本段中，第一句话就表达了整个段落的主旨，即“你的生命是依赖于热量的”。换句话说，如果没有热量，生命是不可能存在的，故B项是正确答案。 【例2】The word“hot”usually means“having a lot of heat”.Many people think that“cold” is something completely separated from heat.But this is not true.“Cold”simply means“having a little heat”.Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible.Since the very beginning of history,man has been able to make his own heat.He has been able to release the sun’s heat that is hidden in things such as wood,coal and oil.And he has been able to use this heat. Heat has made civilization(文明)possible.With heat,man could melt metals.As man learned to use metals and fuels,industries grew.As a result,engines were invented.These are machines that change heat energy into mechanical energy.Engines can do the work of many men.Without engines,industrial civilization is impossible.Yet although the first engines were built in the 17th century,men were still wondering about the nature of heat.“What is it?”they asked.Not until the early years of the 19th century did they find the right 答案. What is the best title of the passage? A．Industrial Civilization. B．The Form of Heat. C．Hot and Cold. D．Nature of Heat. 【解析】D。通读本篇文章可知，本文主要论述了热量及人类对热量探索的历史。四个 选项中，热量的本性最为贴合文章的内容。A项（工业文明）虽然在文中有提及，但文章主要讲的是热量使工业文明成为可能，并非工业文明本身；B项（热能的形成）在文章中并未提到；C项（热和冷）虽在文章首段作为引起文章的话题有过提及，但并非文章的核心内容。故D项为正确答案。 阅读短文应遵循由整体到细节的原则，按“全文、段落、句子、词语”的步骤阅读文章。可采用速读、细读和复读的三步法找到最佳答案。 1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，明确提问指向。弄清问题是针对一句话还是一段话设计的，还是要求理解整篇文章的中心思想，给文章确定标题，判断事情发展的先后顺序、地理位置和相互关系等。根据不同的提问指向，确定不同的阅读范围，提取信息或线索进行逻辑推理。 先看题干、带着问题读文章的方法，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这种方法适于归纳文章中心思想、段落大意、选择恰当标题及排列事件发生的顺序等问题，特别适用于图形、表格类题材。 2. 速读全文，了解大意和主题 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的中考阅读速度大约是每分钟30个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，寻找关键词、主题句，捕捉时间、空间顺序，掌握情节、人物、观点，从而了解文章大意，明确文章主题。在平时阅读时，可为自己限定时间。养成习惯之后，对时间就能自然而然地掌控好。 3. 详读细节，掌握细节内容 详读应为细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因划出来。如：每逢人物就圈起来，看完之后数一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。经过这样处理，对文章的内容和细节便清楚无误了。 4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动，它必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer（推断），suggest（提出、暗示），indicate（表明）等。 5. 猜词悟义，扫除阅读障碍。 阅读理解常考查根据上下文猜测词义能力。这类题目要求我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过上下文的理解等知识来推断词义。介绍几种常用方法： 1）构词知识法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree 意为“不同意”。 2）定义法：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。 3)同位法：Bananas, oranges, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. coconuts 是生词，我们可以从这个词在句中所处的位置来判断它的大致意思。不难看出coconuts和bananas及oranges 是同位关系，同属fruit 一类，因此它是一种水果。 4）因果关系法：The little girl was the only grandchild in the family. She was the apple of her grandparent’s eye. 可以得知这个女孩是家中唯一的孙女，因而是祖父母的“掌上明珠”。 5）同义或反义法：He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. 句中but提示我们deteriorated 多半是get better的反义，因此可以大致确定它的意思是“恶化”。 6）上下文信息法：Make hay while the sun shines. The market is good now, don’t miss the chance. Make hay while the sun shines 的字面意思是“趁天气好赶快晒草”，通过下文所给的信息，现在的销路好，不要错过机会，可以得知它比喻的是“抓住时机”。 6. 巧用排除法答题，注意检验答案。 排除以下选项： 1）与文中陈述的事实相反的选项； 2）文中完全没有提到的内容的选项； 3）与全文内容或句子意义不沾边的选项； 4）不合情理或荒谬的选项； 5）表示间接或次要因素的选项。 在速读、细读和复读中，复读检查尤为重要，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，通过复读来审视、推敲答案，发现错误、遗漏，及时补充，以确保选取项无漏、无疑、无误，提高答题准确率。 【真题练手】 （2024年河南对口真题） Passage 1 Lately, my 6-year-old son Lucas is crazy about his iPad. He asks for it all the time. He wants to use it every moment at home. He takes it with him wherever he goes. When I tell him it's time to shut off the iPad and head up to bed, or put on his shoes, he doesn't hear me the first three times I ask. Sometimes, he gets very upset when I say I have to take the iPad away. He might be a little addicted to it. That makes me pretty worried. However, my husband Jason holds different views. In his eyes, the iPad is a wonderful babysitter. Every time he hands over the iPad to our son, the little boy will calm down in no time. He spends hours playing games on the iPad quietly, and Jason can do whatever he wants. "Games on the iPad are interesting and amazing. They can help kids think in a creative way. Why bother to worry?" Jason always says so. 41. According to paragraph 1, Lucas feels _____ when the iPad is taken away. A. excited B. satisfied C. unhappy D. comfortable 答案：C 解析：根据第一段中的描述，“Sometimes, he gets very upset when I say I have to take the iPad away.”（有时，当我说我得把iPad拿走时，他会很不高兴。）因此，当iPad被拿走时，Lucas会感到不高兴。 42. Why does Lucas' mother limit his use of the iPad? A. Because he works too hard on his study. B. Because he may be a little addicted to the iPad. C. Because his mother is afraid of wasting money. D. Because his mother fears the iPad will be broken. 答案：B 解析：第一段中提到，“He might be a little addicted to it. That makes me pretty worried.”（他可能有点上瘾了。这让我很担心。）因此，Lucas的妈妈限制他使用iPad是因为他可能对iPad上瘾了。 43. What does Lucas' father think of the iPad? A. The iPad is like a babysitter. B. The iPad is really a big worry. C. The iPad is not good for children. D. The iPad is just an electronic product. 答案：A 解析：第二段中提到，“In his eyes, the iPad is a wonderful babysitter.”（在他眼里，iPad是一个很棒的临时保姆。）因此，Lucas的爸爸认为iPad就像一个临时保姆。 44. Why isn't Jason worried about his son playing with the iPad? A. Because he thinks the iPad can help Lucas earn money. B. Because he thinks the iPad can help Lucas make good friends. C. Because he thinks playing the games on the iPad makes Lucas study harder. D. Because he thinks playing the games on the iPad can help Lucas think in a creative way. 答案：D 解析：第二段中Jason说，“Games on the iPad are interesting and amazing. They can help kids think in a creative way. Why bother to worry?”（iPad上的游戏很有趣，很神奇。它们可以帮助孩子们以创造性的方式思考。为什么要担心呢？）因此，Jason不担心他儿子玩iPad，因为他认为玩iPad上的游戏可以帮助Lucas以创造性的方式思考。 45. According to the passage, what else might Lucas like to play? A. Basketball. B. Piano C. Mobile phone. D. Football 答案：C 解析：文章中并未明确提及Lucas除了iPad之外还喜欢玩什么，因此这个问题可能会倾向于选择与电子设备相关的选项。 Passage 2 Teachers Wanted Are you a teacher? Do you like children? Can you help them with Chinese on weekends? Come to join us. Call Alex at 378-5788 for more information. Ping-pong Club Do you like playing ping-pong? Do you want to play ping-pong well? Mr. Lin can teach you. You can come here every Saturday afternoon. Tel: 368-5778 Add: Room 212 in School's P.E. Building Japanese Club Can you speak Japanese? Do you want to learn Japanese? Please join the Japanese Club now. Call Jane at 345-2368. Time: 8:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. (from Monday to Friday) Musicians Wanted Are you a music lover? Can you sing? Can you play a musical instrument? Welcome to our Star Rock Band. Please call Tina at 898-3569 or send an e-mail to music@163.com. 46.Maggie, a teacher, wants to help children with Chinese. She can call _____. A. Tina B. Jane C. Alex D. Mr. Lin 答案: C 解析: 根据"Teachers Wanted"部分的描述，Maggie作为老师想要帮助孩子学习中文，应该联系Alex，电话号码为378-5788。 47.According to the passage, who can teach you to play ping-pong? A. Alex. B. Mr. Lin. C. Jane. D. Tina. 答案: B 解析: "Ping-pong Club"部分明确提到Mr. Lin可以教你打乒乓球。 48.How many hours can you learn Japanese in the Japanese Club every week? A. 15 hours. B. 20 hours. C. 25 hours. D. 30 hours. 答案: A 解析: "Japanese Club"部分提到学习时间为每周一至周五的8:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.，共15小时。 49.If you are a music lover good at playing the piano, how can you join the Star Rock Band? A. Call Jane. B. Call 368-5778. C. Go to Room 212. D. Send an e-mail to music@163.com. 答案: D 解析: "Musicians Wanted"部分提到，如果你擅长演奏乐器并想加入Star Rock Band，可以通过发送电子邮件到music@163.com进行联系。 50.My brother teaches Japanese from Monday to Friday in a club. Where does he probably work? A. The Tennis Club. B. The Japanese Club C. The Ping-pong Club. D. The Star Rock Band. 答案: B 解析: 根据题目描述，你哥哥在一个俱乐部里从周一到周五教日语，这与"Japanese Club"部分的描述相符，因此他很可能在Japanese Club工作。 （2023年河南对口真题） Passage 1 Parents today are still talking about generation gap (代沟) . Some parents complain (抱怨) that their children do not respect them, while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all. Why has generation gap appeared? Parents often expect their children to do better than they do, to find better jobs, to make moremoney, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. However, the high expectations that parents place on their children cause generation gap. Besides, the high speed of social changes makes the gap wider and wider. In a traditional culture, people are valued (重视) for their wisdom. But in our society today, the knowledge of a lifetime may be out of date very soon. 31. According to the passage, children today complain their parents ________. A. talk too much to them B. live together with them C. don't understand them D. don't find a good job for them 32. Parents often expect their children ________. A. to be a millionaire B. to make no mistakes C. to choose jobs at their own will D. to be more successful than they are 33. Generation gap becomes wider and wider because of ________. A. the wisdom of children B. the effect of traditional culture C. the dependence of children on parents D. the rapid changes of the society 34. What's the meaning of “out of date” in paragraph 4? A. 日期 B. 过时 C. 约会 D. 外出 35. What is the passage mainly about? A. Generation gap between parents and children B. Traditional culture and modern knowledge C. Relationship between family members D. How to find better jobs 【答案】C D D B A 【译文】 父母今天仍然在讨论代沟。一些父母抱怨他们的孩子不尊重他们，而他们的孩子抱怨他们的父母根本不理解他们。 代沟为什么会出现呢？ 父母经常期望他们的孩子比他们做得好，去找到更好的工作，去挣更多的钱，以及去做所有他们做不到的事情。然而父母强加在孩子身上的高期望引起了代沟。 除此之外，社会的高速变化使得代沟越来越宽。在传统的文化里，人们重视才智。但是在我们当今的社会，毕生的知识可能很快就过时了。 【解析】 31. C 句意：根据文章，现在的孩子们抱怨他们的父母 。 A和他们说的太多了。 B和他们一起居住。 C不理解他们。 D没有给他们找一个好工作。 根据文章第一段第二句话的后半句可知，选择C。 32. D 句意：父母经常期望他们的孩子 。 A成为一个百万富翁 B不犯错误 C以他们自己的意志去选择工作 D比他们更成功 根据第三段的第一句可知，选择D。 33. D 句意：代沟变得越来越宽因为 。 A孩子的才智 B传统文化的影响 C孩子对父母的独立 D社会的迅猛变化 根据文章最后一段的的第二句话可知，选择D。 34. B 句意；第四段的“out of date”是什么意思？ 考查固定搭配：out of date过时 35. A 句意：该文章主要关于什么？ A父母和孩子之间的代沟 B传统文化和现代知识 C家庭成员之间的关系 D怎样找到更好的工作 根据全文大意和第一段可知，选择A。 Passage 2 Keeping fit (健康) is everyone's wish and it can make you happier. By staying healthy you not only look better but also reduce the chance of diseases. There are many helpful ways to keep fit. Keeping a balanced diet (饮食) . Eat fresh fruits and vegetables, enough grains, and foods rich in protein (蛋白质) and fiber. Keep away from junk food such as food high in sugar and fat. Drink much water. Exercising. Begin walking, jogging and cycling. You may do push-ups and sit-ups at home, use machines and weights at the gym. You may also join a local sports team to get more fun. Getting willpower (意志) . You are the only one that can control your actions. Strong willpower can make you happy. If you believe that you can achieve your goal of keeping fit, then you can! 36. From paragraph I, we can know that everyone wishes to be ________. A. rich B. pretty C. healthy D. wealthy 37. In order to keep fit, what kind of food should you have EXCEPT ________. A. food rich in fiber B. food rich in protein C. food high in sugar and far D. fresh fruits and vegetables 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. You can not go out to join a local sports team. B. You can do push— ups and sit— ups only at home. C. Machines and weights are only used at the gym. D. Walking. jogging and cycling are good for keeping fit. 39. According to the passage, who can control your actions? A. Yourself. B. Your goal. C. Your team. D. Your family. 40. The best title for this passage is ________. A. How to Do Exercise B. How to Keep Fit C. How to Get Willpower D. How to Keep a Balanced Diet 【答案】C C D A B 【译文】 保持健康是每个人的愿望并且可以使你更加开心。通过保持健康你不仅看起来更好而且可以减少疾病。这里有许多有用的保持健康的方法。 保持均衡饮食。吃新鲜的水果蔬菜、足够的谷物和富含蛋白质和纤维素的食物。远离像高糖高脂的食物一样的垃圾食品。多喝水。 锻炼（身体）。开始散步、慢跑和骑行。你可以在家作俯卧撑和仰卧起坐，在体育馆使用器械和重量。你也可以加入当地的体育队去获得更多的乐趣。 （要有）意志力。你是可以控制你的行为的唯一的人。强大的意志力可以使你开心。如果你相信你可以实现保持健康的目标，那么你就可以！ 【解析】 36. C 句意：根据第一段，我们可以知道每一个人都希望保持 。 rich富有的，pretty漂亮的，healthy健康的，wealthy有财富的，根据第一段第一句可知选C。 37. C 句意：为了保持健康，我们应该吃哪种食物，除了 。 A富含纤维素的食物，B富含蛋白质的食物，C高糖高脂的食物，D新鲜的水果和蔬菜。 根据第二段的第二句和第三句可知，选择C。 38. D 句意：根据文章下列哪一项是对的？ A你不可以出去加入当地的体育队。 B你只能在家作俯卧撑和仰卧起坐。 C器械和重量只能在体育馆使用。 D散步、慢跑和骑行有益于保持健康。 根据文章第三段可知，ABC均为错误表达。故选D。 39. A 句意：根据文章，谁可以控制你的行为？ A你自己 B你的目标 C你的团队 D你的家庭 根据文章最后一段第二句可知，选择A。 40. B 句意：这篇文章的最佳标题是 。 A怎样锻炼（身体） B怎样保持健康 C怎样获得意志力 D怎样均衡饮食 根据全文大意，和文章第一段可以把握，该文章的主题是怎样保持健康。故选择B。 （2022年河南对口真题） Passage 1 People in different countries have their different favorite food. Englishmen like to eat fish and chips. Americans like to eat hot dogs and fried chicken. Italians like to eat pizza. Japanese like to eat fish and the fish is sometimes not cooked. In the north of China, the most popular food is dumplings（饺子）.People usually eat dumplings on important festivals （节日） or on weekends, especially on the Spring Festival. All the family members come back home and make dumplings together. Some young people don't want to make dumplings by themselves. They go to restaurants and order（点餐）the kind of dumplings they like. Ordering food from a restaurant is a way to save time. Some kinds of American food have now become more and more popular in China. Children like going to KFC or McDonald's. They can play and eat fast food there. Many people think this kind of food is“junk food”（垃圾食品）.Do you think so? 41. Americans like to eat_________________. A. pizza B. uncooked fish C. fish and chips D. hot dogs and fried chicken 42. Dumplings are the most popular food_________________. A. in the east of China B. in the west of China C. in the north of China D. in the south of China 43. Why do young people order dumplings from restaurants? A. Because it can save time. B. Because it's much cheaper. C. Because they are too young to make dumplings. D. Because they don't know how to make dumplings. 44. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? A. Fast food is not healthy. B. People should never eat fast food. C. Children like going to KFC or McDonald's to eat fast food. D. Some American food becomes more and more popular in China. 45.The best title（标题)for this passage is_________________. A. Dumplings B. Junk Food C. Favorite Food D. KFC or McDonald's 【答案】D C A BC 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了不同国家的人们喜欢吃不同的食物，并举例说明了中国北方人喜欢吃饺子。 【解析】 41. D　题干意思：美国人喜欢吃　　　　。根据原文第一段第三句话“Americans like to aet hot dags and fried chilken．（美国人喜欢吃热狗和炸鸡。）A项意思为披萨，B项意思为生鱼片，C项意思为愈合薯片，D项意思为热狗和炸鸡，故选择D。 42. C 题干意思：饺子是________最受欢迎的食物。根据文章第二段第一句话“In the north of China, the most populsr food is dumplings. （在中国北方，最受欢迎的食物是饺子）”。A项意思为中国东部，B项意思为中国西部，C项意思为中国北方，D项意思为中国南方，故选择C。 43. A 题干意思围为：为什么年轻人从餐馆里订饺子“，根据文章第三段第三句话”Ordering food from a resturant is a way to save time.（从餐馆里订饭是节约时间的一种方式）” A项意思为是因为这样可以节省时间，B项意思为是因为这样更便宜，C项意思为他们太小了以至于他们不会包饺子，D项意思为是因为他们不知道如何包饺子，故选择A。 44. B 题干意思为：根据第三段，下列那个项是不正确的。个人那句文章第三段第四句话“Many people think this kind of food is junk food（许多人认为这种食物是垃圾食品）”，故A项错误。根据文章第三段第五句话“Chilren like going to KFC or Mc Donald’s （孩子们喜欢去肯德基或者麦当劳），故C项正确。根据文章第三段第三句话“Ordering food from a restaurant is a way to save time.（从餐馆里订饭是节省时间的一种方式），故D正确，不符合题意。根据常识可知：快餐是不健康的，但不能因此就说明人们绝不应该吃快餐，故B项错误，符合题意，故选择B。 A项目意思为快餐是不健康的，B项意思为人们不应该吃快餐，C项意思为孩子们喜欢去肯德基和麦当劳吃快餐，D项意思为一些美国食物在中国变得越来越流行。 45. C 解析: 文章主要介绍了不同国家人们喜欢的食物，包括中国的饺子、美国的快餐等。因此，最佳标题应为 "Favorite Food"（喜欢的食物）。选项A、B、D均只涉及文章中的部分内容，不能全面概括文章主旨。 Passage 2 A pretty, well-dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square（广场）, and she said to the driver, "Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?" "Yes,” said the taxi driver. "The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently（不耐烦地）at his watch every few seconds.” "Take me over there." said the young lady. There were a lot of cars and buses in the square, so the taxi driver asked, "Are you afraid to cross the street?" “Oh, no!” said the young lady. "But I promised（许诺,答应）that I would meet the young man for lunch at one o'clock, and it is now a quarter to two. If I arrive there in a taxi, at least it seems as if I had tried not to be late." 46. How did the young woman get to the square? A. She got there by bus. B. She drove there in a car. C. She arrived there in a taxi. D. The story doesn't tell us. 47. Why did the lady stop the taxi? A. Because she wanted to go to the restaurant in a taxi. B. Because she didn't know the way to the restaurant. C. Because she was afraid of walking across the street. D. Because she wanted the taxi driver to show her the way. 48. From the passage, we can know that the young man __________. A. had something wrong with his watch B. was probably a waiter of the restaurant C. had probably been waiting for a long time D. was someone the young lady didn't want to see 49. The young lady was __________. A. not late at all B. 15 minutes late C. 45 minutes earlier D. late for the appointment（约会） 50. Had the young woman tried not to be late? A. Yes, she had tried her best. B. No, she was just pretending（假装）that she had tried. C. Yes, but she didn't know the time. D. No, she thought being late was better than being early. 【答案】C A C D B 【文章翻译】 一位漂亮、衣冠楚楚的年轻女士在一个大广场拦下了一辆出租车，她对司机说：“你看到广场另一边的那个年轻人了吗？ “是的，”出租车司机说。“那个年轻人站在一家餐馆外面，每隔几秒钟就不耐烦地看手表。 “带我去那边，”小姐说。 广场上有很多汽车和公共汽车，所以出租车司机问：“你害怕过马路吗？ “哦，不！”年轻女士说。“但我答应（许诺，答应）我会在一点钟和那个年轻人一起吃午饭，现在是四分之一到两点。如果我乘坐出租车到达那里，至少看起来我试图不迟到。 【解析】 46. 题干意思为：这位年轻女士是怎么到达广场的？根据文章翻译，选择C，乘公共汽车。 47. 题干意思为：这位女士为什么要拦下出租车？根据“If I arrive there in a taxi, at least it seems as if I had tried not to be late.”可知，她想坐出租车去是因为为了让对方认为她不想迟到。 A项意思为因为她想坐出租车去饭店，B项意思为因为她不知道去饭店的路，C项意思为因为她害怕过马路，D项意思为因为她想出租车司机给她带路。 B, C, D错的都很明显，故选择A。 48. 题干意思为：根据文章，我们可知到这位男士 。 A．她的手表有毛病了。B. 可能是饭店的一名服务生。 C. 可能等了很长一段时间了。D. 是这名年轻女人不想见的人。根据“The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently（不耐烦地）at his watch every few seconds.”可知，这位男士等了一段时间了，故选择C。 49. 题干意思为：这位年轻女士 。 A. 根本没有迟到 B. 迟到了15分钟 C. 早到了45分钟 D. 约会迟到了 根据文章翻译可知，选择D。 50. 题干意思为：这位年轻女士尽力不要迟到了吗？ A. 是的，她尽力了。 B. 不，她假装她尽力了。 C. 是的，但是她不知道时间。 D. 不，她认为迟到比早到好。根据文章翻译可知，选择B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 04 阅读理解 【考纲解读】 考生能读懂难度相当于所学课文的不同题材和体裁的文字材料。文字材料生词率不超过3%。要求考生通过阅读能够把握其中心思想和主要内容，能对相关信息进行分析和推理判断。 本题共包括两篇阅读文章，10个小题，每小题2分，共20分。一般来说，英语阅读理解题主要本题考查说明文和记叙文。常考事实细节题(涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等)、推理判断题(文章来源或读者对象、作者意图和态度)、主旨大意题(归纳标题、概括大意)、词义猜测题等。语篇长度为150词左右，生词量为0～4个。 【考点精讲】 阅读选择的考查方式基本包括细节信息题、推理判断题、词/句义猜测题和主旨大意题这四类题型。考查考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力，包括综合理解能力以及推断和总结概括的能力。 1. 细节信息题 （1）出题规律 常用 wh-/ how 等特殊疑问词提问文章具体信息 e.g. What did the father expect Galileo to be? 题干中具体信息挖空 e.g. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . （2）解题技巧 找：阅读题干，找关键词 定：返回文中，精确定位 得：对比选项，得出答案 关键词特征 1.特殊词：数词、专有名词、连字符词、引号词、概念词； 2.普通名词（短语）：优先选易成为句子主干的名词短语； 3.动词短语：原词或同义替换词； 4.特殊必选词：形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、动词的特殊时态表达。 定位处特征 定位处与题干重合度高（相同或同义替换）。 注意 1.精读原句，不要进行任何推理，直接比对选项得答案； 2.如果命题句看不懂，则根据最近的上下句理解。 【例1】Galileo Galilei was born in 1564. He was born in the town of Pisa, in what is now Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa．Galileo was bored with school. The only subject he really liked was math. Because he was doing well in math, the court mathematician (数学家) offered to teach him privately. He said Galileo could become an excellent mathematician. However, Galileo’s father wanted him to be a doctor. What did the father expect Galileo to be? A.A doctor. B.A teacher. C.An inventor. D.A mathematician. 【例2】Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu because . A.there are no cheap ones B.expensive dishes are popular C.they want to show they are rich D.they want to treat their friends better 2. 推理判断题 主要考查的是考生根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力。主要包括细节推理、作者 态度、文章出处三类。 （1）细节推理 出题规律 ① It is implied (暗示、意味着) in paragraph x... ② What can be inferred (推断、推论) from paragraph x. ③ What does ... suggest (暗示)/ show? ④ What do we know about/ can we know from…? 解题技巧 ① 找：阅读题干，找关键词 ② 定：返回文中，精确定位 ③ 得：对比选项，得出答案 注意事项 ① no推 no die，最佳答案往往是原文信息的同义转述； ② 有时需要挖掘文中隐藏的重要线索，尤其是代词指代和逻辑关系（因果、转折、让步、 否定、对比等）； ③ 错误答案往往与原文相关，符合常识，但原文并未出现；或者过度推理，无中生有。 【例】Over the next few months, White created a piece of warning equipment called“Guardian”. Fixed on treetops, Guardians can pick up the sound of cutting machine from as far as two thirds of a mile away. When a Guardian catches a sound of cutting trees, it sends an alarm to forest guards, indicating where the sound is coming from. The guards then set off to stop the illegal activity.“If you respond in time, there’s a chance that you can stop much of the treecutting,”White said. What can be inferred about Guardians? A .They can locate the tree cutting site. B.They help White make much money. C.They produce noise to stop tree cutting. D.They drive away wildlife from treetops. （2）作者态度 出题规律 ① The author’s attitude towards…is that .【作者态度】 ② Which of the following best describes the author ’s attitude towards…?【作者态度】 ③ From the text, we can see that the writer seems .【作者观点】 ④ From Paragraph 1, we know that the author .【作者观点】 解题技巧 ① 搞清楚题干中 who to what； ② 优先找直接表态的句子； ③ 找表情感态度的词； ④ 借助褒贬义词解题； ⑤ 有时只需判断某人的大致方向态度即可解题。 常见表现方式 ① 强转折，问号 ② 形容词：good, fortunate ③ 副词：luckily ④ 否定词 ：unfortunate (un-/ dis-/ in-/ im-/ il-/ ir-/ -less)/ no/ not/ hardly/ few/ little ⑤ 方向词：lose/ fail/ reduce/ increase/ rise 【例】Nowadays more and more people stop using plastic straws (吸管). The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrown away every day. That’s enough straws to wrap around the earth 2.5 times each day. 【para.1】 From Paragraph 1, we know that the author . A.expects Americans to stop using plastic straws B.wants to show how serious the problem is C.plans to wrap the earth with straws D.cares little about plastic pollution （3）文章出处 出题规律 ① In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? ② In which section of a newspaper can we probably find this passage? ② The passage is probably taken from a magazine about . ④ You may find the article in . ⑤ Where do we probably read the passage? 解题技巧 ① 文章话题——文中反复出现的高频实词 ② 文章主旨——首尾段、中间段首尾句 ② 文章文体特征 【例】Eating is usually a group activity. Different groups develop their own food preferences (偏好). We can even tell which group of people a person belongs to from his food choice. And these food choices are passed on from parents to their children. When the children grow up, they feel most comfortable with the food they have in their own homes. Food choices have little to do with hunger. You may eat what your friends eat. You may use food to identify yourself as a member of a group. Some people order the most expensive dishes on a menu, just to show that they can afford them. Expensive food, like an expensive car, can help to make some people feel important. Low-cost menu choices may be just as good dishes. Your feelings and your appetite work together. You may overeat when you are worried or lonely.People sometimes eat when they feel unsafe or think that no one likes them or they may eat to calm themselves. Feeling may also cause under-eating. People who feel sad may eat very little. They regard themselves as heavier than they really are or they think being thin is beautiful. Many people worry so much about being too heavy that they don’t eat enough. They may become weak or even sick from not having enough food. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A ．Technology. B ．Life. C ．Entertainment. D ．Science. 3.词/句义猜测题 考查的是考生联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有） 的能力。词义/句义猜测题主要有三个考查角度：代词指代、词义猜测和句义猜测。在解答这类题目时，考生必须在读懂句子本身意思的基础上，结合上下文，判断其在文中的意义。 （1）出题规律 ①The underlined“xxx”is closest in meaning to . ②The word“xxx”in the passage probably means . ③The underlined“xxx”refers to . ④The underlined“xxx”means . ⑤The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means . （2）解题技巧 利用上下文推测词义； 返回原文找出原词，寻找特殊标点、定语从句、举例处、转折处、定义处、并列论据处等同义替换关系； 答案往往不出现于生词所在的句子中，而是出现在这个句子的上一句或下一句中；注意代词指代（被指代的对象一般出现在代词所在句的前一两句中）。 【例1】“She comes when I call.She has never left me,not even during the river floods,”the man said,“She used to be more vigorous,but she has grown old now.If she dies,I will make her a nice grave here.” What does the underlined word“vigorous”in the last paragraph mean? A．powerful B．energetic C．friendly D．beautiful 【例2】At fourteen,I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again.Every day,my mother spoke to me,telling me that no matter what those doctors said,I could walk again if I wanted badly enough.She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later,I returned to school—walking on my own! What does“that message”refer to in Paragraph 3? A．I could return to school. B．I would never walk again. C．I should always believe her. D．I could walk again if I wanted to. 【例3】The form of energy we use must is electricity,and every day more is needed.But electricity also has to be made,and to make it,huge quantities of fuel are required—oil,coal,gas and so on.The question which worries everyone today is:how long will these fuels last?Nobody knows for sure,but most experts think it will soon be difficult to get enough electricity from these sources.It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here,too. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that the sun may provide us with. A．enough fuels B．enough steam C．enough oil D．enough electricity 4.主旨大意题 主要考查考生对于文章大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力，主要涉及的考查角度包 括段落大意题、全文大意题（文章标题题）等。 （1）出题规律 ①What is the xxx paragraph mainly about?【段落主旨】 ②What is the main purpose/focus/theme/topic of this passage?【文章主旨】 ③The general idea of the passage is .【文章主旨】 ④The passage is mainly about...【文章主旨】 ⑤The best title of the passage could be...【文章主旨】 ⑥In this passage,the author mainly discusses .【文章主旨】 ⑦The passage mainly deals with .【文章主旨】 （2）解题技巧 文章角度 ①通过首尾段、首尾句段判断中心 ②注意设问、特殊符号处 ③围绕转折判断中心：but,however,yet(句首),in fact,unfortunately,instead(of)… ④文章中反复出现的表达 题干角度（题干中反复出现的表达） 【例1】Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Life is better without heat. B．Life is impossible without heat. C．Life is better if there is more heat. D．Life is impossible in the cold season. 【例2】The word“hot”usually means“having a lot of heat”.Many people think that“cold” is something completely separated from heat.But this is not true.“Cold”simply means“having a little heat”.Your life depends on heat.In fact,every living thing depends on it.Without heat every living thing would be frozen to death.All living things get their heat from the sun,which provides the conditions in which life is possible.Since the very beginning of history,man has been able to make his own heat.He has been able to release the sun’s heat that is hidden in things such as wood,coal and oil.And he has been able to use this heat. Heat has made civilization(文明)possible.With heat,man could melt metals.As man learned to use metals and fuels,industries grew.As a result,engines were invented.These are machines that change heat energy into mechanical energy.Engines can do the work of many men.Without engines,industrial civilization is impossible.Yet although the first engines were built in the 17th century,men were still wondering about the nature of heat.“What is it?”they asked.Not until the early years of the 19th century did they find the right 答案. What is the best title of the passage? A．Industrial Civilization. B．The Form of Heat. C．Hot and Cold. D．Nature of Heat. 阅读短文应遵循由整体到细节的原则，按“全文、段落、句子、词语”的步骤阅读文章。可采用速读、细读和复读的三步法找到最佳答案。 1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，明确提问指向。弄清问题是针对一句话还是一段话设计的，还是要求理解整篇文章的中心思想，给文章确定标题，判断事情发展的先后顺序、地理位置和相互关系等。根据不同的提问指向，确定不同的阅读范围，提取信息或线索进行逻辑推理。 先看题干、带着问题读文章的方法，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这种方法适于归纳文章中心思想、段落大意、选择恰当标题及排列事件发生的顺序等问题，特别适用于图形、表格类题材。 2. 速读全文，了解大意和主题 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的中考阅读速度大约是每分钟30个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，寻找关键词、主题句，捕捉时间、空间顺序，掌握情节、人物、观点，从而了解文章大意，明确文章主题。在平时阅读时，可为自己限定时间。养成习惯之后，对时间就能自然而然地掌控好。 3. 详读细节，掌握细节内容 详读应为细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因划出来。如：每逢人物就圈起来，看完之后数一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。经过这样处理，对文章的内容和细节便清楚无误了。 4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动，它必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer（推断），suggest（提出、暗示），indicate（表明）等。 5. 猜词悟义，扫除阅读障碍。 阅读理解常考查根据上下文猜测词义能力。这类题目要求我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过上下文的理解等知识来推断词义。介绍几种常用方法： 1）构词知识法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree 意为“不同意”。 2）定义法：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。 3)同位法：Bananas, oranges, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. coconuts 是生词，我们可以从这个词在句中所处的位置来判断它的大致意思。不难看出coconuts和bananas及oranges 是同位关系，同属fruit 一类，因此它是一种水果。 4）因果关系法：The little girl was the only grandchild in the family. She was the apple of her grandparent’s eye. 可以得知这个女孩是家中唯一的孙女，因而是祖父母的“掌上明珠”。 5）同义或反义法：He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. 句中but提示我们deteriorated 多半是get better的反义，因此可以大致确定它的意思是“恶化”。 6）上下文信息法：Make hay while the sun shines. The market is good now, don’t miss the chance. Make hay while the sun shines 的字面意思是“趁天气好赶快晒草”，通过下文所给的信息，现在的销路好，不要错过机会，可以得知它比喻的是“抓住时机”。 6. 巧用排除法答题，注意检验答案。 排除以下选项： 1）与文中陈述的事实相反的选项； 2）文中完全没有提到的内容的选项； 3）与全文内容或句子意义不沾边的选项； 4）不合情理或荒谬的选项； 5）表示间接或次要因素的选项。 在速读、细读和复读中，复读检查尤为重要，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，通过复读来审视、推敲答案，发现错误、遗漏，及时补充，以确保选取项无漏、无疑、无误，提高答题准确率。 【真题练手】 （2024年河南对口真题） Passage 1 Lately, my 6-year-old son Lucas is crazy about his iPad. He asks for it all the time. He wants to use it every moment at home. He takes it with him wherever he goes. When I tell him it's time to shut off the iPad and head up to bed, or put on his shoes, he doesn't hear me the first three times I ask. Sometimes, he gets very upset when I say I have to take the iPad away. He might be a little addicted to it. That makes me pretty worried. However, my husband Jason holds different views. In his eyes, the iPad is a wonderful babysitter. Every time he hands over the iPad to our son, the little boy will calm down in no time. He spends hours playing games on the iPad quietly, and Jason can do whatever he wants. "Games on the iPad are interesting and amazing. They can help kids think in a creative way. Why bother to worry?" Jason always says so. 41. According to paragraph 1, Lucas feels _____ when the iPad is taken away. A. excited B. satisfied C. unhappy D. comfortable 42. Why does Lucas' mother limit his use of the iPad? A. Because he works too hard on his study. B. Because he may be a little addicted to the iPad. C. Because his mother is afraid of wasting money. D. Because his mother fears the iPad will be broken. 43. What does Lucas' father think of the iPad? A. The iPad is like a babysitter. B. The iPad is really a big worry. C. The iPad is not good for children. D. The iPad is just an electronic product. 44. Why isn't Jason worried about his son playing with the iPad? A. Because he thinks the iPad can help Lucas earn money. B. Because he thinks the iPad can help Lucas make good friends. C. Because he thinks playing the games on the iPad makes Lucas study harder. D. Because he thinks playing the games on the iPad can help Lucas think in a creative way. 45. According to the passage, what else might Lucas like to play? A. Basketball. B. Piano C. Mobile phone. D. Football Passage 2 Teachers Wanted Are you a teacher? Do you like children? Can you help them with Chinese on weekends? Come to join us. Call Alex at 378-5788 for more information. Ping-pong Club Do you like playing ping-pong? Do you want to play ping-pong well? Mr. Lin can teach you. You can come here every Saturday afternoon. Tel: 368-5778 Add: Room 212 in School's P.E. Building Japanese Club Can you speak Japanese? Do you want to learn Japanese? Please join the Japanese Club now. Call Jane at 345-2368. Time: 8:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. (from Monday to Friday) Musicians Wanted Are you a music lover? Can you sing? Can you play a musical instrument? Welcome to our Star Rock Band. Please call Tina at 898-3569 or send an e-mail to music@163.com. 46.Maggie, a teacher, wants to help children with Chinese. She can call _____. A. Tina B. Jane C. Alex D. Mr. Lin 47.According to the passage, who can teach you to play ping-pong? A. Alex. B. Mr. Lin. C. Jane. D. Tina. 48.How many hours can you learn Japanese in the Japanese Club every week? A. 15 hours. B. 20 hours. C. 25 hours. D. 30 hours. 49.If you are a music lover good at playing the piano, how can you join the Star Rock Band? A. Call Jane. B. Call 368-5778. C. Go to Room 212. D. Send an e-mail to music@163.com. 50.My brother teaches Japanese from Monday to Friday in a club. Where does he probably work? A. The Tennis Club. B. The Japanese Club C. The Ping-pong Club. D. The Star Rock Band. （2023年河南对口真题） Passage 1 Parents today are still talking about generation gap (代沟) . Some parents complain (抱怨) that their children do not respect them, while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all. Why has generation gap appeared? Parents often expect their children to do better than they do, to find better jobs, to make moremoney, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. However, the high expectations that parents place on their children cause generation gap. Besides, the high speed of social changes makes the gap wider and wider. In a traditional culture, people are valued (重视) for their wisdom. But in our society today, the knowledge of a lifetime may be out of date very soon. 31. According to the passage, children today complain their parents ________. A. talk too much to them B. live together with them C. don't understand them D. don't find a good job for them 32. Parents often expect their children ________. A. to be a millionaire B. to make no mistakes C. to choose jobs at their own will D. to be more successful than they are 33. Generation gap becomes wider and wider because of ________. A. the wisdom of children B. the effect of traditional culture C. the dependence of children on parents D. the rapid changes of the society 34. What's the meaning of “out of date” in paragraph 4? A. 日期 B. 过时 C. 约会 D. 外出 35. What is the passage mainly about? A. Generation gap between parents and children B. Traditional culture and modern knowledge C. Relationship between family members D. How to find better jobs Passage 2 Keeping fit (健康) is everyone's wish and it can make you happier. By staying healthy you not only look better but also reduce the chance of diseases. There are many helpful ways to keep fit. Keeping a balanced diet (饮食) . Eat fresh fruits and vegetables, enough grains, and foods rich in protein (蛋白质) and fiber. Keep away from junk food such as food high in sugar and fat. Drink much water. Exercising. Begin walking, jogging and cycling. You may do push-ups and sit-ups at home, use machines and weights at the gym. You may also join a local sports team to get more fun. Getting willpower (意志) . You are the only one that can control your actions. Strong willpower can make you happy. If you believe that you can achieve your goal of keeping fit, then you can! 36. From paragraph I, we can know that everyone wishes to be ________. A. rich B. pretty C. healthy D. wealthy 37. In order to keep fit, what kind of food should you have EXCEPT ________. A. food rich in fiber B. food rich in protein C. food high in sugar and far D. fresh fruits and vegetables 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. You can not go out to join a local sports team. B. You can do push— ups and sit— ups only at home. C. Machines and weights are only used at the gym. D. Walking. jogging and cycling are good for keeping fit. 39. According to the passage, who can control your actions? A. Yourself. B. Your goal. C. Your team. D. Your family. 40. The best title for this passage is ________. A. How to Do Exercise B. How to Keep Fit C. How to Get Willpower D. How to Keep a Balanced Diet （2022年河南对口真题） Passage 1 People in different countries have their different favorite food. Englishmen like to eat fish and chips. Americans like to eat hot dogs and fried chicken. Italians like to eat pizza. Japanese like to eat fish and the fish is sometimes not cooked. In the north of China, the most popular food is dumplings（饺子）.People usually eat dumplings on important festivals （节日） or on weekends, especially on the Spring Festival. All the family members come back home and make dumplings together. Some young people don't want to make dumplings by themselves. They go to restaurants and order（点餐）the kind of dumplings they like. Ordering food from a restaurant is a way to save time. Some kinds of American food have now become more and more popular in China. Children like going to KFC or McDonald's. They can play and eat fast food there. Many people think this kind of food is“junk food”（垃圾食品）.Do you think so? 41. Americans like to eat_________________. A. pizza B. uncooked fish C. fish and chips D. hot dogs and fried chicken 42. Dumplings are the most popular food_________________. A. in the east of China B. in the west of China C. in the north of China D. in the south of China 43. Why do young people order dumplings from restaurants? A. Because it can save time. B. Because it's much cheaper. C. Because they are too young to make dumplings. D. Because they don't know how to make dumplings. 44. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? A. Fast food is not healthy. B. People should never eat fast food. C. Children like going to KFC or McDonald's to eat fast food. D. Some American food becomes more and more popular in China. 45.The best title（标题)for this passage is_________________. A. Dumplings B. Junk Food C. Favorite Food D. KFC or McDonald's Passage 2 A pretty, well-dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square（广场）, and she said to the driver, "Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?" "Yes,” said the taxi driver. "The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently（不耐烦地）at his watch every few seconds.” "Take me over there." said the young lady. There were a lot of cars and buses in the square, so the taxi driver asked, "Are you afraid to cross the street?" “Oh, no!” said the young lady. "But I promised（许诺,答应）that I would meet the young man for lunch at one o'clock, and it is now a quarter to two. If I arrive there in a taxi, at least it seems as if I had tried not to be late." 46. How did the young woman get to the square? A. She got there by bus. B. She drove there in a car. C. She arrived there in a taxi. D. The story doesn't tell us. 47. Why did the lady stop the taxi? A. Because she wanted to go to the restaurant in a taxi. B. Because she didn't know the way to the restaurant. C. Because she was afraid of walking across the street. D. Because she wanted the taxi driver to show her the way. 48. From the passage, we can know that the young man __________. A. had something wrong with his watch B. was probably a waiter of the restaurant C. had probably been waiting for a long time D. was someone the young lady didn't want to see 49. The young lady was __________. A. not late at all B. 15 minutes late C. 45 minutes earlier D. late for the appointment（约会） 50. Had the young woman tried not to be late? A. Yes, she had tried her best. B. No, she was just pretending（假装）that she had tried. C. Yes, but she didn't know the time. D. No, she thought being late was better than being early. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$