Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures 课件+分层练习-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修二 目 录 Lead-in Practice and Apply Observe and Discover Attention Lead-in： The outdoor activity seems attractive. The boy remains puzzled. This is a diligent student. His job is to teach chemistry. His diarrhoea seems severe. The two policies are contradictory. This is a water pump. His job is to handle the problem. Observe and Discover： What do the sentences have in common in their structures? predicative 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。 His diarrhoea seems severe. The two policies are contradictory. This is a water pump. His job is to handle the problem. Observe and Discover： Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause. two contradictory theories Theory one: __________________ caused by bad air Theory two: __________________ caused by germs One theory was that bad air caused the disease. ____ __ ____________ 主语 系动词 表语从句 表语从句是指______________________, 紧跟在________之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。 从句在句子中充当表语 系动词 Observe and Discover： Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause. 在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句(引导词+其他) 结构： Observe and Discover： Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause. ①What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome. ②The exact places Snow marked on the map were where all those who died had lived. ③Snow’s finding was that the pump water carried cholera germs. 系动词 表语从句 系动词 表语从句 表语从句 系动词 Observe and Discover： 状态类：be 感官类：feel/look/sound/taste/smell 持续类：stand/remain/keep/stay 变化类：become/get/grow/turn/go/come/run/fall 似乎类：seem/appear 结果类：prove/turn out 是... 可以接表语从句系动词有： ......起来 保持... 变得... 似乎、好像... 结果是...;证明是... 可以接表语从句系动词有： 1. 从属连词that引导的表语从句 The fact is that he was lying. The reason is that they never give up. His suggestion is that we should tell him. One idea is that fish is the best brain food. that 仅起_______作用，______(有/无)词义，______(是/否)充当句子成分，通常________(能/不能)省略。 无 不能 不 连接 1.从属连词whether 引导的表语从句 The question is if we can finish our work. The question is whether the film is worth watching. The doctor’s doubt is whether she will survive. whether起 _________ 作用，意为“_______”，在句中_________(是/否)作成分。 (注意：if ______(能/不能)引导表语从句)。 连接 是否 不 不能 1.从属连词as if/ as though/ because 引导的表语从句 It sounds as if / though someone is knocking at the door. She looked as if she had been hit by lightning. It seems as if she were mad. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had seen it before. as if/though 在从句中________(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________”;若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用_________(主句一般现在时，从句用_________时；主句过去式，从句___________时)；because在从句中_______(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________” 不 似乎；好像 虚拟语气 一般过去 过去完成 不 因为 表语从句的虚拟语气 一坚持（insist) 二命令（order, command) 三建议（advise, suggest, propose) 四要求（ask, require, request, demand) 当主句的主语是表示建议、命令、要求等后面的表语，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 His suggestion is that she ________________(keep) quiet. My advice is that we _______________(ride) to the park. (should) keep (should) ride 2. 连接代词what(ever), which, who(ever), whom(ever), whose等引导的表语从句 My hometown is no longer what it used to be. The problem is who we can get to replace her. The problem is whose work is the best. The question is what caused the accident, the poor whether or the heavy traffic? 连接代词在句中起_______作用，还在从句中还充当______、______、______、_______,______(有/无)意义，________(能/不能)省略。 连接 表语 宾语 定语 主语 有 不能 3. 连接副词when, where, how, why引导的表语从句 The problem is how we can find him. That is where I first met her. That's why I object to the plan. Thanksgiving is when people celebrate the harvest. 连接副词在句中起________作用,还在从句中充当_______, _______，______，_______状语，________(能/不能)省略。 连接 方式 地点 原因 时间 不能 引导词 用法 从属连词 that 无成分，无意义 Whether 无成分，意为“是否” 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, wh+ever 在从句中充当主语，宾 语，表语，定语 连接副词 how, when, where, why however, whenever, wherever 在从句中充当状语 其它连接词 because, as if ,as though 因为，好像，似乎 表语从句的引导词 表从中不用if That’ why... That’s because... The reason(why...) is that... I didn’t phone her. That ’s why she got angry with me . I didn’t phone her .That ’s because I got angry with her . 3.She got angry with me ,and the reason was ____ I didn’t phone her . The reason why she got angry with me was that I didn’t phone her. 用法归纳： a. That’s why … 那是…的原因 强调结果 b. That’s because … 那是因为… 强调原因 c. The reason is / was that … 不可用because或者why. that By Contrast 如果引出表语从句的名词是表示 “建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 从句中的动词用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。 My suggestion is that we all (should) take an active part in the coming sports meet. 我的建议是我们每个人都应该积极参加运动会。 Attention! Predicative clauses 表语从句 引导词 dreams 作用 说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 主语+系动词+表语从句(引导词+其他) 从属连词：_______,____________; 连接代词:______________________ _______________________________; 连接副词:________________________ ; 其他词:_________________________. what, who, whom, whose, which ... when, where, why, how... because, as if, as though ... that whether 结构 Practice and Apply： The reason why he is late for school is ________ he missed the bus. 2. Why we decided to put off the football match is ________ the weather was too bad. that that 当主句的主语是 _____________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ______ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。 the reason 主语从句 that Practice and Apply： 3. I think that’s _____ he was so angry. 4. I think it is ________ you are doing too much. 5. The reason ______ he was so late is _____ it was raining hard. why because that / this / it + is / was +why + ________ (原因 / 结果) 表示“_________________________” that / this / it + is / was + because + _______ (原因 / 结果) 表示“________________________” the reason why … is that … 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“___________________”。 这 / 那就是……的原因 结果 这 / 那就是因为…… 原因 why that 定语从句 表语从句 ……的原因是…… Practice and Apply： 6. My suggestion is that we ____________ (go) and help him. 7. My advice is that we ____________ (get) there by train. (should) go (should) get 当主句的主语是表示建议（suggestion, advice）、命令（order）、要求（request, proposal）、计划（plan）等的名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。 Practice and Apply： The problem is ___________we can finish the task or not. The question is ________we can get in touch with him. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________one can be entirely free from dust. Running means doing the same thing for a while. That is ________ I did’t enjoy running. The question is _________ caused the accident. The most important thing is ___________ responsibility it is. whether how that why what whose Practice and Apply： 1. My belief is ______________I will succeed by working hard. 2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________one can be entirely free from dust. 3. The problem is ______________we can find them there. 4. You can be __________ you want to be. 5. The question is ____________ caused the accident. 6. The most important thing is ____________ responsibility it is. 7. This is ____________I don't agree with you. 8. The question is _______________we can get in touch with him. 9. That is _________ I got wet through. whether that that whoever what whose why whether/how why Practice and Apply： Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words. Research is _________ I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing. (Werner von Braun) what as though because that what whoever why 研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事。 ——布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家） Practice and Apply： 2. The saddest aspect of life right now is _______ science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom. (Isaac Asimov) that as though because that what whoever why 当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫 （美国科幻小说作家、化学家） Practice and Apply： 3. An expert can be _________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field. (Niles Bohr) whoever as though because that what whoever why 专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人。 ——尼耳斯·玻尔 （丹麦物理学家） Practice and Apply： 4. When different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That’s the good thing about science: It is true whether or not you believe in it. That’s _________ it works. (Neil deGrasse Tyson) why as though because that what whoever why 当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处: 不管你信不信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。 ——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森 （美国天文学家） Practice and Apply： 5. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is _________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it! (Albert Einstein) because as though because that what whoever why 这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它! —— 爱因斯坦 Practice and Apply： 6. There are only two ways to live your life. One is ____________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ____________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein) as though as though as though because that what whoever why 你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹。 —— 爱因斯坦 Attention： He failed in the exam. That's _______ he felt frustrated. felt frustrated. failed in the exam. why 连接副词 why做成分(状语)，有意义，不能省略 1.表从中易错连接词 why because Attention： He felt frustrated. That's __________he failed in the exam. because felt frustrated. failed in the exam. 连接副词 1.表从中易错连接词 why because because做成分(状语)，有意义，不能省略 Attention： He failed in the exam. That's why he felt frustrated. He felt frustrated. That's because he failed in the exam. 结构：因 why 果； 果 because 因 语意：各自表达的侧重点不同 1.表从中易错连接词 why because Attention： I lost the game. The reason was ______ I underestimated my competitors. The reason ___ I lost the game was _____ I underestimated my competitors. I lost the game. That was __________ I underestimated my competitors. 名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导。 that why that because 2.表从中易错连接词 that; because Attention： He is to blame. That's because he passed a slip of paper in class. He is to blame. The reason is that he passed a slip of paper in class. He is to blame. He passed a slip of paper in class. 2.表从中易错连接词 that; because Attention： The young girl with short hair looks ________ she were a boy. as if as though 这个留短发的女生看起来像是个男生。 与事实不符: 表示对现在的虚拟，用一般过去式。 3.表从中易错连接词 as if/as though 李宇春 Attention： He talks as if he _________(be) to the moon. had been 他说的好像去过月球一样。 与事实不符: 表示对过去的虚拟，用过去完成式。 3.表从中易错连接词 as if/as though Attention： Dark clouds are gathering. It seems as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 与事实相符: 用正常的陈述语气。 3.表从中易错连接词 as if/as though as if/as though引导的表语从句如果与事实不符，用虚拟语气; 如果是事实或者有发生的可能性，用陈述语气 1. It sounds as if someone ___ knocking at the door. (与事实相符) 2. Tom likes to talk big as if he ______(be) an important person. (对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were ) 3. He talks as if he _______ become president tomorrow. (对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do) 4. He talked about Rome as if he __________(be) there. (对过去的虚拟，用had done) is were would had been SUMMARY： 系动词 连接词 重难点 从属连词，连接代词，连接副词 (注意：as/as if/as though/because) 六大类 That is why.../That is because... The reason(why...) is that.../That is because... as if/as though Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修二 Thank You ! $$ Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）根据括号内所给单词的词性及英文释义，写出该单词的正确形式。 1. This is a school for children with ________ learning difficulties. (adj. very serious) 2. If anyone needs ________ of Professor Qiao's genius as an inventor, this invention is it. (n. a fact or piece of information which shows that something exists or is true) 3. We made ________ copies of the report. (adj. very many of the same type, or of different types) 4. A growing number of ________ have at least one computer. (n. all the people who live together in one house) 5. We would resist any armed ________ from outside in our country's affairs. (n. the act of intervening in a situation) 6. Oil is an important ________ material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. (adj. not processed) 7. We had trouble finding a(n) ________ water supply. (adj. clean and not containing anything harmful) 8. According to official ________ the disease killed over 500 people. (n. a collection of information shown in numbers) 9. Abnormalities in the cells can be seen quite clearly under a(n) ________. (n. a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger) 二、（2024·高一课时练习）用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. infect ①All the tomato plants are ________ with a virus. ②Exactly which germs cause the ________ is still unknown. 2. handle ①She turned the ________ and slowly opened the door. ②Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were ________. 3. link ① The study provides further evidence ________ smoking with early death. ② There's a direct ________ between diet and heart disease. 三、（2024·高一课时练习）每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。 1. Let's settle this matter completely and finally. Let's settle this matter ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. We all agree with the decision adopted at the meeting. We all ________ ________ the decision adopted at the meeting. 3. Who was responsible for the accident? Who ________ ________ ________ ________ the accident? 4. It was all a great success — because of a lot of hard work. It was all a great success — ________ ________ a lot of hard work. 知识应用 四、（福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检）阅读理解 Food books can bring a culture to life. The following food books are bursting with delicious food, as well as entertaining and engaging storytelling. Pierre Thiam’s latest book aims to share everyday, easy-to-cook recipes like baked ginger-chili plantain kelewele. He explains how so many dishes and ingredients from the American South and other regions can trace their origin to West Africa. The 80 recipes are accessible and present a range of traditional and modern takes on the cuisine. Fuchsia Dunlop’s book examines classic Chinese dishes, like mapo tofu, soup dumplings and Dongpo pork. This book includes history, philosophy, cooking techniques, and Dunlop’s on-the-ground research conducted over three decades to present a fascinating exploration of this ever-changing cuisine. Tamar Adler seeks to make leftovers more appealing and lower food waste in the process with her latest book, which contains around 1,500 recipes. This isn’t what you’d call a beautiful coffee table-style cookbook — it’s practical and the creative secrets within are truly mind-blowing. Natasha Pickowicz is an innovative chef. More Than Cake is her first cookbook, full of invaluable tips like how to build a layer (层) cake. Aside from great baking recipes, this cookbook tries to live up to its name by sharing how baking can provide so much more than just tasty sweets — it can give community, purpose, joy and love. 1. Who explores Chinese food culture in the cookbook? A. Pierre Thiam. B. Fuchsia Dunlop. C. Tamar Adler. D. Natasha Pickowicz. 2. What do Simply West African and The Everlasting Meal Cookbook have in common? A. They are the writers’ latest books. B. They advocate lower food waste. C. They have the same number of recipes. D. They aim to share West African dishes. 3. Which book favors cake-baking lovers? A. Simply West African. B. Invitation to a Banquet. C. The Everlasting Meal Cookbook. D. More Than Cake. 五、（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）完形填空 One bus driver for the North Elementary School can now add lifesaver to her experiences after a student started choking (窒息) on her bus last month. On Sept.29, bus driver Raquel Baker began her work just like any other drivers and was about to drop off students at the school gate when something went wrong. Video from the school bus showed 7-year-old Preston putting something in his ____1____ and then dropping down between the seats, clearly in ____2____ . It was hard for the boy to ____3____ a word but he managed to mention something about a coin. Baker ____4____ stood up, took hold of him and ran out of the ____5____ .“On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver (海姆利克氏操作法),” she said. Preston hardly ____6____ and Baker didn’t waste any time to jump into action. The whole time she was saying, “Baby, breathe, baby, breathe.” Preston was blue in the face. Baker saw a parent and asked her to call 911. “All I could think of was I had to ____7____ this boy,” Baker said. She had never performed the Heimlich before, but her ____8____ on the first aid given by the school one month ago worked. “I was ____9____ at the time, but I just couldn’t be scared,” she said. She didn’t even realize when the ____10____ flew out of Preston’s mouth until Preston said, “Miss Baker, I’m OK. I can breathe.” Preston’s mum was ____11____ for Baker’s help. The school’s headmaster was also touched and ____12____ her for her life-saving work. “As of today, I’m still in shock. I really can’t believe that this actually happened. I didn’t really realize what a big ____13____ I had,” Baker said. Until today Bake r still doesn’t know how she got the ____14____ to do what she did that day, ____15____ she knows this, “If I wasn’t there, other drivers may have done it as well,” Bake r said. 1. A. bag B. bottle C. mouth D. pocket 2. A. danger B. peace C. surprise D. silence 3. A. write B. say C. spell D. hear 4. A. luckily B. formally C. quietly D. quickly 5. A. bus B. room C. yard D. school 6. A. slept B. breathed C. saw D. listened 7. A. find B. feed C. save D. meet 8. A. habit B. training C. belief D. income 9. A. nervous B. glad C. disappointed D. curious 10. A. eraser B. chalk C. key D. coin 11. A. sorry B. sad C. anxious D. thankful 12. A. corrected B. changed C. honored D. cured 13. A. future B. impact C. dream D. mistake 14. A. permit B. right C. method D. courage 15. A. or B. so C. but D. for 六、（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）任务型阅读 你校正在开展“向民族英雄学习”的活动。请你给学校英语报写一篇短文，谈谈你“心中的民族英雄”内容包括： 1. 英雄人物简介； 2. 成为你心中英雄的原因； 3. 向英雄学习。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 短文题目与首句已写好，不计入总词数。 The National Hero In My Heart As we know, most people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高一课时练习）根据括号内所给单词的词性及英文释义，写出该单词的正确形式。 1. This is a school for children with ________ learning difficulties. (adj. very serious) 2. If anyone needs ________ of Professor Qiao's genius as an inventor, this invention is it. (n. a fact or piece of information which shows that something exists or is true) 3. We made ________ copies of the report. (adj. very many of the same type, or of different types) 4. A growing number of ________ have at least one computer. (n. all the people who live together in one house) 5. We would resist any armed ________ from outside in our country's affairs. (n. the act of intervening in a situation) 6. Oil is an important ________ material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. (adj. not processed) 7. We had trouble finding a(n) ________ water supply. (adj. clean and not containing anything harmful) 8. According to official ________ the disease killed over 500 people. (n. a collection of information shown in numbers) 9. Abnormalities in the cells can be seen quite clearly under a(n) ________. (n. a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger) 【答案】 1. severe        2. proof   3. multiple          4. households  5. intervention   6. raw    7. pure            8. statistics   9. microscope 二、（2024·高一课时练习）用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. infect ①All the tomato plants are ________ with a virus. ②Exactly which germs cause the ________ is still unknown. 2. handle ①She turned the ________ and slowly opened the door. ②Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were ________. 3. link ① The study provides further evidence ________ smoking with early death. ② There's a direct ________ between diet and heart disease. 【答案】 1. ①infected         ②infection 2.①handle         ②handled 3.①linking        ②link 三、（2024·高一课时练习）每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。 1. Let's settle this matter completely and finally. Let's settle this matter ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. We all agree with the decision adopted at the meeting. We all ________ ________ the decision adopted at the meeting. 3. Who was responsible for the accident? Who ________ ________ ________ ________ the accident? 4. It was all a great success — because of a lot of hard work. It was all a great success — ________ ________ a lot of hard work. 【答案】1. once and for all   2. subscribe to  3. was to blame for 4. thanks to 知识应用 四、（福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检）阅读理解 Food books can bring a culture to life. The following food books are bursting with delicious food, as well as entertaining and engaging storytelling. Pierre Thiam’s latest book aims to share everyday, easy-to-cook recipes like baked ginger-chili plantain kelewele. He explains how so many dishes and ingredients from the American South and other regions can trace their origin to West Africa. The 80 recipes are accessible and present a range of traditional and modern takes on the cuisine. Fuchsia Dunlop’s book examines classic Chinese dishes, like mapo tofu, soup dumplings and Dongpo pork. This book includes history, philosophy, cooking techniques, and Dunlop’s on-the-ground research conducted over three decades to present a fascinating exploration of this ever-changing cuisine. Tamar Adler seeks to make leftovers more appealing and lower food waste in the process with her latest book, which contains around 1,500 recipes. This isn’t what you’d call a beautiful coffee table-style cookbook — it’s practical and the creative secrets within are truly mind-blowing. Natasha Pickowicz is an innovative chef. More Than Cake is her first cookbook, full of invaluable tips like how to build a layer (层) cake. Aside from great baking recipes, this cookbook tries to live up to its name by sharing how baking can provide so much more than just tasty sweets — it can give community, purpose, joy and love. 1. Who explores Chinese food culture in the cookbook? A. Pierre Thiam. B. Fuchsia Dunlop. C. Tamar Adler. D. Natasha Pickowicz. 2. What do Simply West African and The Everlasting Meal Cookbook have in common? A. They are the writers’ latest books. B. They advocate lower food waste. C. They have the same number of recipes. D. They aim to share West African dishes. 3. Which book favors cake-baking lovers? A. Simply West African. B. Invitation to a Banquet. C. The Everlasting Meal Cookbook. D. More Than Cake. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。美食书籍可以将一种文化带入生活。文章介绍了几本美食书，里面充满了美味的食物，以及有趣和引人入胜的故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Fuchsia Dunlop’s book examines classic Chinese dishes, like mapo tofu, soup dumplings and Dongpo pork.(Fuchsia Dunlop的书探讨了麻婆豆腐、汤团和东坡肉等经典中国菜肴)”可知，Fuchsia Dunlop在这本烹饪书中探索中国饮食文化。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Pierre Thiam’s latest book aims to share everyday, easy-to-cook recipes like baked ginger-chili plantain kelewele.(Pierre Thiam的新书旨在分享日常、容易烹饪的食谱，比如烤姜椒大蕉炖菜)”及“Tamar Adler seeks to make leftovers more appealing and lower food waste in the process with her latest book, which contains around 1,500 recipes.(Tamar Adler在她的新书中试图让剩菜更有吸引力，并在这个过程中减少食物浪费，这本书包含了大约1500种食谱)”可知，Simply West African和The Everlasting Meal Cookbook的共同特点是他们都是作者最新的书籍。故选A线 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一本书中的“More Than Cake is her first cookbook, full of invaluable tips like how to build a layer (层) cake(More Than Cake是她的第一本烹饪书，里面有很多宝贵的技巧，比如如何制作层蛋糕)”可知，蛋糕烘焙爱好者青睐于More Than Cake。故填D项。 五、（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）完形填空 One bus driver for the North Elementary School can now add lifesaver to her experiences after a student started choking (窒息) on her bus last month. On Sept.29, bus driver Raquel Baker began her work just like any other drivers and was about to drop off students at the school gate when something went wrong. Video from the school bus showed 7-year-old Preston putting something in his ____1____ and then dropping down between the seats, clearly in ____2____ . It was hard for the boy to ____3____ a word but he managed to mention something about a coin. Baker ____4____ stood up, took hold of him and ran out of the ____5____ .“On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver (海姆利克氏操作法),” she said. Preston hardly ____6____ and Baker didn’t waste any time to jump into action. The whole time she was saying, “Baby, breathe, baby, breathe.” Preston was blue in the face. Baker saw a parent and asked her to call 911. “All I could think of was I had to ____7____ this boy,” Baker said. She had never performed the Heimlich before, but her ____8____ on the first aid given by the school one month ago worked. “I was ____9____ at the time, but I just couldn’t be scared,” she said. She didn’t even realize when the ____10____ flew out of Preston’s mouth until Preston said, “Miss Baker, I’m OK. I can breathe.” Preston’s mum was ____11____ for Baker’s help. The school’s headmaster was also touched and ____12____ her for her life-saving work. “As of today, I’m still in shock. I really can’t believe that this actually happened. I didn’t really realize what a big ____13____ I had,” Baker said. Until today Bake r still doesn’t know how she got the ____14____ to do what she did that day, ____15____ she knows this, “If I wasn’t there, other drivers may have done it as well,” Bake r said. 1. A. bag B. bottle C. mouth D. pocket 2. A. danger B. peace C. surprise D. silence 3. A. write B. say C. spell D. hear 4. A. luckily B. formally C. quietly D. quickly 5. A. bus B. room C. yard D. school 6. A. slept B. breathed C. saw D. listened 7. A. find B. feed C. save D. meet 8. A. habit B. training C. belief D. income 9. A. nervous B. glad C. disappointed D. curious 10. A. eraser B. chalk C. key D. coin 11. A. sorry B. sad C. anxious D. thankful 12. A. corrected B. changed C. honored D. cured 13. A. future B. impact C. dream D. mistake 14. A. permit B. right C. method D. courage 15. A. or B. so C. but D. for 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公交车司机Raquel Baker救了一名吞食硬币导致窒息的男孩Preston。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A. bag包；B. bottle瓶子；C. mouth嘴巴；D. pocket口袋。根据后文“a word but he managed to mention something about a coin”可知，男孩把硬币放进了嘴里。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A. danger危险；B. peace和平；C. surprise惊讶；D. silence沉默。根据后文“Baby, breathe, baby, breathe.”可知，因为被硬币卡住了，男孩无法呼吸，处在危险之中。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩很难开口说话，但他设法提到了一枚硬币。A. write写；B. say说；C. spell拼写；D. hear听见。根据后文“a word but he managed to mention something about a coin”可知，男孩吞了硬币，说不出来话了，故选B。 4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A. luckily幸运地；B. formally正式地；C. quietly安静地；D. quickly快速地。根据后文“stood up, took hold of him and ran out of the”可知贝克迅速采取了行动。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A. bus公交车；B. room房间；C. yard院子；D. school学校。根据后文“On my way to the sidewalk”可知，贝克带着男孩跑下了车。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿几乎没有呼吸，贝克也没有浪费任何时间投入行动。A. slept睡觉；B. breathed呼吸；C. saw看见；D. listened听。根据后文“Baby, breathe, baby, breathe.”可知，男孩几乎没有呼吸，故选B。 7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我满脑子想的都是我必须救这个男孩，”贝克说。A. find找到；B. feed喂养；C. save挽救；D. meet遇见。根据上文““On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver,” she said.(“在去人行道的路上，我实际上是在做海姆利克急救法，”她说。)”可知，贝克在想办法救治男孩。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她以前从未做过海姆利克急救法，但一个月前学校给她的急救训练起了作用。A. habit习惯；B. training训练；C. belief信念；D. income收入。根据上文“She had never performed the Heimlich before”以及but表示转折，说明此处指学校进行了急救训练，故选B。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当时我很紧张，但我就是不能害怕，”她说。A. nervous紧张的；B. glad高兴的；C. disappointed失望的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“at the time, but I just couldn’t be scared”可知，要救人贝克感到紧张，但是没有畏惧。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她甚至没有意识到硬币从普雷斯顿的嘴里飞了出来，直到普雷斯顿说:“贝克小姐，我没事。我能呼吸了。”A. eraser橡皮擦；B. chalk粉笔；C. key关键；D. coin硬币。呼应上文“he managed to mention something about a coin.”指硬币被吐出来了。故选D。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿的妈妈非常感谢贝克的帮助。A. sorry抱歉的；B. sad悲伤的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. thankful感谢的。根据上文“Preston’s mum”可知，贝克救了男孩，因此男孩的母亲表示感谢。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。A. corrected纠正；B. changed改变；C. honored尊重；D. cured治愈。根据后文“her for her life-saving work”可知，贝克救了男孩，学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的没有意识到我的影响有多大，”贝克说。A. future未来；B. impact影响；C. dream梦想；D. mistake错误。根据上文贝克救了这个男孩，所以是指对男孩的影响很大。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A. permit允许；B. right权利；C. method方法；D. courage勇气。根据上文可知，贝克虽然紧张，但是仍然用自己学到的急救知识救了男孩，所以此处指救男孩这件事的勇气。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A. or或者；B. so所以；C. but但是；D. for为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。 六、（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）任务型阅读 你校正在开展“向民族英雄学习”的活动。请你给学校英语报写一篇短文，谈谈你“心中的民族英雄”内容包括： 1. 英雄人物简介； 2. 成为你心中英雄的原因； 3. 向英雄学习。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 短文题目与首句已写好，不计入总词数。 The National Hero In My Heart As we know, most people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As we know, most people have a national hero or heroes in their hearts. For me, Yuan Longping, a Chinese great agricultural scientist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, is actually my national hero. He was born on September 7th, 1930. In the 1960s, China experienced famine and he came up with an idea for hybridizing rice. In 1973, he developed a new way of growing rice and hence new rice was developed. In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, which was the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of China. With the development of new rice, gone are the days when Chinese people suffer from terrible starvation, and more countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing world population. We should learn from him the spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind. His perseverance, indifference to personal fame and fortune, his devotion to research work and profound insight are also great merits we should follow! 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是夹叙夹议的文章，要求给学校英语报写一篇短文，谈谈心中的民族英雄。 【详解】1.词汇积累 想到/提出：think of→come up with 经历/遭受：experience→suffer from 养活：support→feed 学习：study→learn from/follow 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：We should learn from him the spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind. His perseverance, indifference to personal fame and fortune, his devotion to research work and profound insight are also great merits we should follow! 拓展句：Not only should we learn from him the spirit of striving for the well-being of mankind, but also we should follow his perseverance, indifference to personal fame and fortune, his devotion to research work and profound insight. 【点睛】[高分句型1] In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, which was the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of China.( 1979年，他的杂交水稻技术被引进美国，这是中国历史上第一个知识产权转让案例。) 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句 [高分句型2] With the development of new rice, gone are the days when Chinese people suffer from terrible starvation, and more countries of the world are able to grow more rice to feed the growing world population. (随着新型水稻的发展，中国人民遭受可怕的饥饿的日子一去不复返了，世界上更多的国家能够种植更多的水稻来养活不断增长的世界人口。) 运用了when引导的定语从句 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$