内容正文:
第一部分 教材知识讲练
必修第三册
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
续
写
语
料
积
累
背诵·句之美 欣赏·语之秀
1.(心理描写)(2024·辽宁联盟调研)
With butterflies in my stomach, I waited for her to pick up the receiver.
2.(行为描写)(2024·广东实验中学)
Before I continued, he rolled his eyes, slammed the door and walked away.
3.(景物描写)(2024·湖北名校联考)At least the weather was amazing—cotton-candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky. (2024·株洲质量检测)Dressed in the same performing suit, Mom pushed Justin proudly with a bright smile on her face as Justin threw himself heart and soul into the performance.Joyful music floating in the air, the mother and son were indeed a perfect match in the parade, which soon became the center of attention.
必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
语基 自主检测 · 目标确立
核心单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.______ n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群 adj.大批的,广泛的
2._______ n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响;冲击
3._________ vt.& n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
4.______ vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
5._______ vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对
6._______ n.利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt.获益,得到好处
7.________ n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理
8._______ n.(政府或机构)部门;分部;树枝;支流;分支
9.________ vt.回收利用,再利用 1.Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk _________(damage) the unborn babies.
2.We would make 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with ___________
(recycle) cans.
3.The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land _______(mass) as far south as Newfoundland.
4.Outside the hall were hundreds of miners __________(protest) against their poor working conditions.
5.Now health experts want manufacturers to lower the levels of extra sugar and salt in ___________
(process) foods.
6.90% of Microsoft's 2,280 employees in Japan later said they _____________________________
(impact) by the company's new measures.
7.Modern methods of ________(track) polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
8.(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and ____________
(branch), although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
mass
impact
damage
track
protest
profit
process
branch
recycle
damaging
recycled
masses
protesting
processed
were impacted/had been impacted
tracking
branches
必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
派生单词 语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.long adj.长的→_______ n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→________ vt.(使)加长;(使)延长
2.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→_____________ n.消失
3.extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的→__________ n.灭绝,绝种
4.organize vt.组织→____________ n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理→_________ n.组织者→_________ adj.有组织的
5.entire adj.完全的→________ adv.完全地,全部地,完整地
6.economy n.经济→_________ adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的→___________ adj.节约的;经济的→__________ n.经济学家
7.poison vt.污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药→_________ adj.有毒的
8.chemistry n.化学→________ n.化学家→_________ n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的 1.The road has a total ______ of two miles only, so the workers have decided to ________ it.(long)
2.Those men ___________ with a soft popping sound instantly I pressed a button on the device.Their sudden _____________ scared the children who had seen all this.(disappear)
3.Cloning may be the best way to save some species from __________ before all hopes are _______.(extinct)
4.A carefully _________ campaign was launched yesterday, aimed to stop the spread of the disease.The __________ were leading members of the communities and _____________ at grass-roots level.(organize)
5.We can create greater _________ benefits by building an _____________ society.
(economy)
6.The danger of children being ________ by matches was evident before chemists made a form of phosphorus(磷) which is not _________.(poison)
7.He is very interested in __________, hoping to major in _________ engineering at university and his dream is to become a ________.(chemist)
length
lengthen
disappearance
extinction
organization
organizer
organized
entirely
economic
economical
economist
poisonous
chemist
chemical
length
lengthen
disappeared
disappearance
extinction
extinct
organized
organizers
organizations
economic
economical
poisoned
poisonous
chemistry
chemical
chemist
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
高频短语 语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1.______ 相应地,转而
2.__________使分解(为),使变化(成)
3._______________给……带来起色,注入活力
4._______由于,因为
5._________逐渐增加,扩大
6.____________想出,想到
7._______(公开)要求;需要
8._____________突然记起(或想到)
9.__________摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
10.____________使发生(或存在)
11.______________充满,到处都是
(活的或动的东西)
12.________________ 同一个(人或物) 1.The negotiation ___________ because one side refused to play the game.
2.(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises ______ being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
3.(2021·天津卷)With that thought in mind, Pruitt _______________ a plan and posted it on the community website.
4.The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are _______ thought to have close attention to detail.
5.(2020·北京卷)“Tom ________ a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added.
6.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _________ a clear road map and timetable.
7.School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting ___________ them.
8.We found that television and radio ___________ far fewer complaints than did the printed media.
in turn
break down
breathe life into
due to
build up
come up with
call for
spring to mind
get rid of
give rise to
(be) alive with
one and the same
broke down
due to
came up with
in turn
built up
calls for
to get rid of
gave rise to
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
原句结构辨识 写作佳句背诵
1.while引导让步状语从句
While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 虽然在线学习被证明是可行的,但也存在明显的缺点。
_______________________________________, there exist obvious disadvantages.(应用文之演讲稿)
2.so+助动词+主语
As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on animals. 开始与新朋友交谈时,我们希望感到舒适,他们也是。
When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and _________.(应用文之咨询信)
While online learning proves to be practical
so do they
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①(2020·天津5月卷)Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to ________
(harm) the planet.
②To safeguard something or someone means to protect them from ______________
(harm), lost, or badly treated.
③True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant ___(I) no real harm.
考点 归纳探究 · 精准讲练
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害
harming
being harmed
me
必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
如果使用不当,这种药物会对你造成伤害。
①The medicine will _______________________ if improperly used.(harm n.)
②The medicine will _______________ if improperly used.(harmful)
◎cause/do harm to sb=cause/do sb harm伤害某人
◎mean sb no harm=mean no harm to sb对某人没有恶意
◎be harmful to... 对……有害
◎There is no harm in doing sth做某事没有害处。
一句多译
do harm to you/do you harm
be harmful to you
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
◎do us more harm than good对我们弊大于利
◎put them in harm's way置他们于险境
◎seriously harm the prospects of the world economy严重损害世界经济的前景
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①Baptiste is biking across Europe, surviving entirely ___ thrown-away food.
②(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ____________
(survive) China's long history.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the ________
(survive) of our natural resources.
2.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难
on
has survived
survival
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是学会在雨中起舞。
Life isn't about ______________________; it's about learning to dance in the rain.
◎survive sth幸免于;从……中挺过来
◎survive from... 从……中存活/流传下来
◎survive on sth依靠……生存下来
◎survivor n.幸存者
◎survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
主题升华
how to survive the storm
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
◎manage to survive the crisis设法度过这次危机
◎China's oldest surviving traditional theatre
中国现存最古老的传统剧院
◎survive her husband by ten years
比她丈夫多活十年
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①Partly __ a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens.
②This belief has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector, with negative ____________(consequence) for their economies.
③_____________(consequent), she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
3.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性
as
consequences
Consequently
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
(普通表达)She was over age limit and, as a result, her application was rejected.
(高级表达)She was over age limit and, ____________________________, her application was rejected.
◎as a consequence因此;结果
◎as a consequence of由于
◎in consequence因此;结果
◎of (no/little) consequence(不)重要的
◎consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的
◎consequently adv.因此;结果
词汇升级
in consequence/as a consequence
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
◎a man of consequence in his village他村里举足轻重的人物
◎in consequence of falling birth rates由于出生率下降
◎have disastrous consequences for the environment给环境带来灾难性后果
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will __ turn make cities greener.
②Now that we have finished designing, the company, in ___(it) turn, should do the constructing work.
③They took turns ______________(stay) awake in case anything went wrong.
4.in turn相应地,转而
in
its
staying/to stay
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
当这些女士们依次发言时,她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。
①There were cheers for each of the women as _______________.(in turn)
②There were cheers for each of the women as ____________________.(take turns)
◎in one's turn轮到某人;接着
◎by turns轮流;交替地
◎wait your turn排队等候
◎It is one's turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
◎take turns to do sth/(in/at) doing sth轮流做某事
一句多译
they spoke in turn
they took turns to speak
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
◎get cheerful and depressed by turns时而高兴时而沮丧
◎ask each of us in turn to draw让我们每个人轮流画画
◎take turns driving/to drive the car轮流开车
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
写出句中break down的汉语意思
①The car broke down on the way to the airport. ________
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. ______
③In other words, your health will break down if you work too hard. ______
④To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts. ______
⑤Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them. ______
5.break down使分解(为),使变化(成)
出故障
失败
垮掉
分解
消除
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
看到她失散已久的宠物回到家中,小女孩忍不住喜极而泣。
Seeing her long lost pet back home, the little girl just ________________________________.
◎touch down降落;着陆
◎slow down放缓;减速;放松
◎die down减弱;逐渐平息
◎let down失望;使沮丧
◎put down记下;放下;镇压;平定
情感描写
broke down and wept with tears
of joy
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
◎as the plane was touching down当飞机着陆时
◎slow down the fossil energy consumption减缓化石能源的消耗
◎feel badly let down感到非常沮丧
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
②If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size __ Yemen's by the year 2050.
③It seems that the wings of the new aircraft are approximately ______(two) the length of its body.
6.[教材原句]With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
the
of
twice
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
(普通表达)It is said that the “hairy man” is almost double as tall as an average man.
(高级表达)It is said that the “hairy man” is almost double ___________ an average man.
“A is the size/length/height/width/depth of B.”是一种表示比较的句型,相当于“A is as big/long/high/wide/deep as B.”还可以在the前加上twice、three times、double、two-thirds等表示“倍数”或“分数”的词汇。另外,“倍数/分数+the amount/weight/price of... ”也表示比较。还有一种形式,“倍数/分数+one's age/size/weight等”。
句式升级
the height of
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
He was pinned against the wall by a boy twice his size; he could hardly breathe.他被一个块头比他大一倍的孩子挤压在墙上,几乎喘不过气来。
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
①________(sit) at the table was his mother, a quiet and graceful woman.
②_______(hide) behind his silence was his complicated emotional experience, which left deep scars on him.
③(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone ___(be) the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
7.[教材原句]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗,还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
Sitting
Hidden
are
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
山脚下坐落着一个私家花园,其中,小桥、流水、假山布局巧夺天工,令人赏心悦目。
__________________________________________ in which the streams, bridges and rockeries are cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye.
教材原句中的Joining us in the studio tonight是动词-ing形式短语作表语,句子的主语是James Smith, Vincent Brown and Julie Archer。分词短语置于句首作表语时,句子需要用全部倒装语序。这种倒装主要是为了照顾句子的平衡,这时候,句子的主语部分通常比较长,一般带有较长的定语或同位句。
景物描写
Located at the foot of the hill is a private garden
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Following their friendly and fruitful talks was a joint press conference in the Great Hall of the People.在他们富有成果的友好会谈之后,在人民大会堂举行了联合记者招待会。
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1.A locust weighs 60 grams, but eats about twice ___(it) weight every day.
2.The only ________(survive) from the plane crash could do nothing but wait for rescue on an island.
3.A lot of our associations seem like friendship at first, only _______(break) down and disappear in time.
三层 强基固本 · 达标训练
its
survivor
to break
必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
4.This led to an unexpected ___________(consequent), though she had a wonderful time there.
5.Over 800 million people in the world live in extreme poverty, _________(survive) on less than US $1.25 a day.
6.Lying on the floor _____(be) piles of chips, which were sorted into several categories based on their functions.
consequence
surviving
were
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
7.As the economy shifts towards industrialization, the environment is put at a higher risk of ____________(harm) by pollution.
8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
being harmed
harmful
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1.There's no great harm __ drinking a little beer to relieve tiredness after hard work.
2.Some strange customs have survived _____ earlier times and still have effects on villagers.
3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter ___ consequences.
in
from
the
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
4.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __ turn creates further problems.
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment ___ size of a cupboard.
in
the
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1.As the largest rainforest, it plays a ___________(significance) role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
2.They give this area the richest biodiversity: one in ten ______(know) species in the world can be found here.
3.Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest ____________________
(disappear) due to human activities.
significant
known
has disappeared
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
4.We work together to ensure that development strategies are followed in an ________________(environmental) friendly way.
5.It's our duty to build a human community with a ______(share) future.
6.It's our duty to protect our environment while ___________(aim) for economic
development.
environmentally
shared
aiming
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词
1.The Amazon River, from ______ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length.
2.Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home __ different kinds of living things.
3.The Amazon rainforest, often known __ the “lungs of the planet”,produces over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen.
which
to
as
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
4.With the pollution levels on ___ rise, the Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
5.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs, and these frogs, __ turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
the
in
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. ____
A.树枝 B.分店 C.支流
B
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
2.(2021·全国乙卷) Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. ____
A.较远,更远 B.更进一步的 C.另外的
3.(2022·浙江1月卷)Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. ____
A.大规模的 B.一大群 C.质量
C
A
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必修第三册 UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.
化繁为简 本句是一个复合句,可简化为:The image... appears... in art made long before books... came into being.句中的made long before books是动词-ed形式短语作后置____修饰art,后面的as引出的是一个____从句修饰books。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
读者形象的出现贯穿历史,早在我们现在所认知的书籍出现之前的艺术制品中就出现了。
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2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
化繁为简 本句是一个复合句,可简化为:And in contrast to... networked lives... , a printed book still offers the chance of... 。句中的in contrast to... 是介词短语作____,后面的where引导出一个____从句,修饰lives。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
在日益网络化的生活中,我们消费的信息受到监控和跟踪,与此形成鲜明对比的是,印刷书籍仍然提供完全私密的“离线”活动的可能。
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After setting foot on the African continent, Julie Archer, a scholar from the World Environmental Protection Organization, started to study 1._______(variety) of wildlife in some regions.Soon she learned that there used to be masses of species in many 2.________(Africa) countries, but the harsh climate and human activities had brought many animals close 3.__ being extinct.
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varieties
African
to
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To make profits, local residents tracked and killed animals, 4.____________
(result) in a sharp decline in their numbers.Aware of the negative impact of human activities on wildlife, Julie resolved to do something in 5._______________(defend) of the endangered animals in Africa, aiming to prevent them from being 6._______
(far) harmed.In her spare time, she distributed brochures 7._______(raise) local people's awareness of the consequences of wildlife extinction.She also came up with some strategies to help the locals get rid of poverty and encouraged the use of 8.________(recycle) things.In addition, she urged governments to restore the damaged habitat 9.______ wild species like lions and deer once lived.She even led local people into protesting against the government's inaction on wildlife conservation.
resulting
defence/defense
further
to raise
recycled
where
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Due to her and many others' joint efforts, the living conditions for wildlife in Africa are slowly improving, but 10.__ still takes time to entirely change the current situation.
it
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Step 1.单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①2019年,被称为“地球之肺”的亚马孙雨林发生了大火。
In 2019, _________________ in the Amazon rainforest, often __________________
_____________.
②火灾可能对其生态系统造成永久性破坏。
The fire had the potential to ________________________ the ecosystem.
③由此产生的碳排放可能导致全球变暖。
The resulting carbon emissions could ___________________________.
a huge fire broke out
known as the “lungs
of the planet”
cause permanent damage to
contribute to global warming
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④由于人类活动,这片雨林一直在遭受破坏。
The rainforest has been experiencing destruction _____________________.
⑤数据显示,在过去30年中,它已缩减了六分之一。
Data indicates that it ______________________ over the past 30 years.
⑥如果破坏得不到有效遏制,这片神奇的雨林将在不久的将来消失!
If the damage __________________________, the amazing rainforest ____________
_________________!
due to human activities
has shrunk by one sixth
is not effectively controlled
will disappear
in the near future
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Step 2.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
In 2019, a huge fire broke out in the Amazon rainforest, often known as the “lungs of the planet”.The fire had the potential to cause permanent damage to the ecosystem, and the resulting carbon emissions could contribute to global warming.In fact, the rainforest has been experiencing destruction due to human activities.Data indicates that it has shrunk by one sixth over the past 30 years.If the damage is not effectively controlled, the amazing rainforest will disappear in the near future!
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用于动作描写的词汇 用于环境描写的词汇
defence, defend, survive, come up with, call for, spring to mind hardwood, jaguar, track, consequence
Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描述的词汇)
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Step 2.尝试练笔(完成下面的续写片段并背诵)
我和马克在长满阔叶树的丛林中探险时,看到一只受伤严重的美洲虎。我们想出许多方法来帮助它,但都不起作用。后来,马克想到一个好主意。他说:“这种情况需要专业人员的帮助。”我们很快与野生动物保护协会取得了联系。工作人员要求我们待在原地保护这只美洲虎,直到他们到达。幸运的是,没过多久,他们就循着我们留下的足迹找到了我们。由于及时治疗,美洲虎最终存活了下来。
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Mark and I were exploring ________________________________ when we saw _______________________.We came up with a number of ways to help it, but ______________________.Later on, _____________________________.“It's a situation that calls for professional help,” he said.We soon ________________
the Wildlife Conservation Association.The staff asked us to ___________________
__________________________________.Fortunately, it didn't take long before they found us _______________________________.________________________
__________, the jaguar survived eventually.
a jungle overgrown with hardwoods
a seriously injured jaguar
none of them would work
a good idea sprang to Mark's mind
got in touch with
stay where we were to
defend the jaguar until they arrived
by following the tracks we had left
As a consequence of timely
treatment
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