时态总结 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

初中八下英语时态复习 1、 一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况及客观真理。 时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes等频率副词(行前系后), every week/day/year/month, once a week, on Sundays, …. 基本结构:肯定句①be动词(am,is are);行为动词(do) 否定句②主语+be not+其它;主语(I/we/you/they)+do not+do+其它。 主语(He/She/It/That/This…)+does not+do+其它? 疑问句③Be+主语+其它? Do/Does+主语+动原(do)+其它? (肯)Yes,sb+be. (肯)Yes,sb+do/does. (否)No,sb+be not. (否)No,sb+do/does not. 注意在疑问句中:遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. ④特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 1. Ziyang is beautiful. (对主语进行描述。) 2. Ziyang is a city.(对主语分类。即主语是什么。) 3. Ziyang is in the south. (主语的位置。) 4. We are from China. (主语来自于哪里。) 5. I am 16 years old.(主语的年龄。) 6. It is hot in guangzhou.(描述天气。) 7. It is 6 o’clock.(表示时间。) be +名词n/形容词adj/副词adv/数词num/介词短语prep 我(I)用am,你(you)用are, is连着他(he),她(she),它(it); 客观真理:The earth goes around the sun. 现在的状态:My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 现阶段经常性、习惯性动作:He plays tennis once a week. I am a student. I am not a student. Are you a student? Many people like music. Many people don’t like music. Do many people like music? 2、 一般过去时: 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now(刚才), at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构:be(was/were);did(过去式) 肯定句①be动词(was/were);行为动词(did/V-ed) 否定句②主语+was/were+not;②主语+didn't+do(动原) 疑问句③Was/Were+主语+其它? Did+主语+do+其它? 过去发生的动作:The police stopped me on my way home last night. 过去存在的状态:They weren't able to come because they were so busy. I was a student. I was not a student. Were you a student? Many people liked music. Many people didn’t like music. Did many people like music? 3、 现在进行时: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语:now, at this time, these days,look,listen,etc. 基本结构:be+doing 1 主语+be (am/is/are)+doing(肯定句) ②主语+am/is/are+not+doing(否定句) ③Is/Are+sb+doing?(疑问句) ④Wh- +be+sb+doing?(特殊疑问句) I am driving. I am not driving. Are you driving? They are doing something. They are not doing something. Are they doing something? ①说话时正在进行或发生的动作.She is having a bath now ②现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。You are working hard today. ③频度副词always, forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。 He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏,表扬) ④表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词)。如:The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock. 4、 过去进行时: 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语:at this time yesterday, then,at that time/moment或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构:was/were+doing ①肯定句:Sb+was/were+doing ②否定句:Sb+was/were + not + doing. ③疑问句:Was/Were+sb+doing? What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? What were you doing when the rainstorm? This time last year I was living in Brazil. 五、一般将来时: 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow(后天),in 2008, some day(将来有一天),before long(不久以后),in the future(在未来),in future=from now on(从今以后),in two weeks,etc. 基本结构:be going to +do will/shall +do 肯定句①主语+be(am/is/are) going to + do;主语+will/shall + do. 否定句②主语+be + not+going to +do; 主语+will/shall+not+do 疑问句③be+主语+going to+do?; will/shall+主语+do? 特殊疑问句④特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to +do? be going to+do与will/shall+ do的区别:前者表示事先考虑好的意图;后者表示未经事先考虑的意图。 shall只用于第一人称I/we; will可用于各种人称。 将要发生的动作。I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 将要存在的状态This time next year I will be in Japan.Where will you be? 打算要做的事。Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 六、现在完成时: 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,。 时间状语:recently, lately, since,for,in the past few years,already(已经/肯定),yet(已经/否定疑问),ever(曾经),just(刚才),never,etc. 基本结构:have/has + done(过去分词) 1 肯定句:Sb+have/has +done. 2 否定句:Sb+have/has + not +done. 3 疑问句:Have/Has +sb +done? Yes,sb+have/has. No,sb+haven’t/hasn’t. 4 特殊疑问词(不是句子主语)+have/has+sb+done+其它? 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have/has+done+其它? Have you had breakfast yet? Has your son gone to schoolalready?(表惊奇) What books have you read? 初中英语语法总结一览表 语法项目 构 成 用 法 标 志 词 例 句 一般现在时 do / does 表示经常反复性的动作 较长期存在的状态 科学事实,客观真理 Every…, on Sundays Always,usually, often sometimes He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. 一般过去时 did / be—was, were 表过去某个点、段时间内动作及状态 …ago / just now / in 1998 / last … / yesterday 等 He wrote a letter yesterday. I was born in 1979. 一般将来时 be going to+do will / shall + do 在将来某个时间或 某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after… Next… / tonight / in 2010 Are you going to read? He will come tomorrow. 现在进行时 be(am/is/are)+doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 Listen! / Look! / now At the moment Tom is writing now. They are lying on the bed. 现在完成时 主语+have / has +动词过去分词 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 Already / just / never / ever / yet(句末,否定和疑问句式) Before / twice … Since+时间点 for+时间段 He has slept for two days. I have been teaching for 8 years. 过去进行时 was / were +doing 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time / 6 o’clock yesterday When + 一般过去式 He was reading at that time last Friday Watching TV too much is a waste of time. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$