2024年中考英语语法复习之宾语从句和定语从句的差别

宾语从句和定语从句的差别 一、定义 1. 宾语从句 - 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。它常位于及物动词或介词之后。例如： - I think (that) he is a good student.（“he is a good student”作think的宾语） - She is interested in what I said.（“what I said”作介词in的宾语） 2. 定语从句 - 定语从句在复合句中起定语的作用，用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如： - The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（“which/that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，用来修饰先行词book） 二、引导词的差别 1. 宾语从句引导词 - 从属连词：that（无意义，在口语和非正式文体中常省略），if（是否），whether（是否）。例如： - He said (that) he would come back soon. - I don't know if/whether he will come. - 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which等，它们在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。例如： - Do you know what he is doing?（what作宾语从句中的宾语） - She asked me who was on duty today.（who作宾语从句中的主语） - 连接副词：when, where, why, how等，在从句中作状语。例如： - I wonder when he will arrive.（when作时间状语） 2. 定语从句引导词 - 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose。 - 当先行词是人时，可用who或that作主语或宾语（whom作宾语，在现代英语中常用who代替），whose作定语。例如： - The man who/that helped me is my teacher.（who/that在定语从句中作主语） - The boy (whom/who) I met yesterday is my friend.（whom/who在定语从句中作宾语） - The girl whose mother is a doctor is very kind.（whose在定语从句中作定语） - 当先行词是物时，可用which或that作主语或宾语。例如： - The book which/that is on the desk is mine.（which/that在定语从句中作主语） - The pen (which/that) I lost yesterday was a gift.（which/that在定语从句中作宾语） - 关系副词：when（表示时间，先行词常为表示时间的名词），where（表示地点，先行词常为表示地点的名词），why（表示原因，先行词常为reason）。例如： - I still remember the day when we first met.（when在定语从句中作时间状语） - This is the place where I was born.（where在定语从句中作地点状语） - The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（why在定语从句中作原因状语） 三、在句中的语法功能差别 1. 宾语从句的语法功能 - 宾语从句是句子的宾语成分，是对及物动词或介词所涉及内容的补充说明。例如： - I believe that he can do it well.（“that he can do it well”补充说明believe的内容） 2. 定语从句的语法功能 - 定语从句是对先行词进行修饰、限定，使先行词的意义更加明确。例如： - The boy who is standing there is my brother.（“who is standing there”用来限定the boy的范围） 四、语序差别 1. 宾语从句语序 - 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。例如： - Can you tell me where he lives?（不是where does he live） 2. 定语从句语序 - 定语从句本身就是陈述句语序，关系代词或关系副词在从句中根据其语法功能确定位置。例如： - The man who is reading a book is my father.（正常的陈述语序） 练习：判断哪些是宾语从句，哪些是定语从句。 1. The cat that is sitting on the mat is my pet. 2. She said that she was tired. 3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 4. I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 5. The man who you met at the party is my uncle. 6. She told me where she lives. 7. The house that we bought last year is very spacious. 8. I believe that he is honest. 9. The car which is parked outside belongs to my neighbor. 10. He asked what time the meeting starts. 11. The reason why he was late is unclear. 12. I don't know whether she will come or not. 13. The gift that you gave me is very beautiful. 14. She asked how to solve the problem. 15. The place where we first met is special to me. 16. He said that he would be late. 17. The woman whose son won the prize is my colleague. 18. I think that you are right. 19. The letter which you wrote was very touching. 20. She asked who could help her with her homework. 答案和解析： 1. “The cat that is sitting on the mat is my pet.”是定语从句，“that is sitting on the mat”用来修饰先行词“cat”。 2. “She said that she was tired.”是宾语从句，“that she was tired”作“said”的宾语。 3. “The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.”是定语从句，“which I bought yesterday”修饰先行词“book”。 4. “I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.”是宾语从句，“if it will rain tomorrow”作“wonder”的宾语。 5. “The man who you met at the party is my uncle.”是定语从句，“who you met at the party”修饰先行词“man”。 6. “She told me where she lives.”是宾语从句，“where she lives”作“told”的间接宾语。 7. “The house that we bought last year is very spacious.”是定语从句，“that we bought last year”修饰先行词“house”。 8. “I believe that he is honest.”是宾语从句，“that he is honest”作“believe”的宾语。 9. “The car which is parked outside belongs to my neighbor.”是定语从句，“which is parked outside”修饰先行词“car”。 10. “He asked what time the meeting starts.”是宾语从句，“what time the meeting starts”作“asked”的宾语。 11. “The reason why he was late is unclear.”是定语从句，“why he was late”修饰先行词“reason”。 12. “I don't know whether she will come or not.”是宾语从句，“whether she will come or not”作“know”的宾语。 13. “The gift that you gave me is very beautiful.”是定语从句，“that you gave me”修饰先行词“gift”。 14. “She asked how to solve the problem.”是宾语从句，“how to solve the problem”作“asked”的宾语。 15. “The place where we first met is special to me.”是定语从句，“where we first met”修饰先行词“place”。 16. “He said that he would be late.”是宾语从句，“that he would be late”作“said”的宾语。 17. “The woman whose son won the prize is my colleague.”是定语从句，“whose son won the prize”修饰先行词“woman”。 18. “I think that you are right.”是宾语从句，“that you are right”作“think”的宾语。 19. “The letter which you wrote was very touching.”是定语从句，“which you wrote”修饰先行词“letter”。 20. “She asked who could help her with her homework.”是宾语从句，“who could help her with her homework”作“asked”的宾语。 一、宾语从句填空题 1. I wonder ______ he will come to the party tomorrow. 2. She doesn't know ______ she should do next. 3. Could you tell me ______ the library is. 4. He asked me ______ I had seen his keys. 5. We want to know ______ he is so happy today. 6. I'm not sure ______ he has already left. 7. Do you know ______ time it is. 8. She is thinking about ______ she can pass the exam. 9. Tom told his mother ______ he had made a new friend at school. 10. I don't know ______ he likes reading novels or not. 11. She asked me ______ my favorite color was. 12. The boy wonders ______ he can get a present on his birthday. 13. They haven't decided ______ they will go for the holiday. 14. I'm curious ______ she will choose to go with. 15. Do you know ______ he will arrive. 16. She doesn't understand ______ he said just now. 17. I wonder ______ he is from. 18. He asked ______ he could use my pen. 19. The girl wants to know ______ she can improve her English. 20. I'm not sure ______ is in the box. 二、定语从句填空题 1. The man ______ is standing over there is my father. 2. The book ______ I lent you yesterday is very interesting. 3. This is the house ______ we lived in last year. 4. The girl ______ hair is long is my sister. 5. I like the movie ______ we saw last week. 6. The boy ______ you met at the park is my cousin. 7. Do you know the reason ______ he was late. 8. The city ______ I visited last month is very beautiful. 9. The teacher ______ teaches us English is very kind. 10. This is the dog ______ chased the cat just now. 11. The woman ______ son is a doctor is very proud. 12. The pen ______ I lost yesterday was a gift from my friend. 13. The place ______ we are going to is very far away. 14. The student ______ answer was right got a prize. 15. I remember the day ______ we first met. 16. The tree ______ stands in front of our house is very tall. 17. The man ______ car is red is my neighbor. 18. The book ______ cover is blue is mine. 19. The girl ______ I talked to yesterday is very friendly. 20. The factory ______ my father works is very big. 一、宾语从句填空题答案与解析 1. I wonder if / whether he will come to the party tomorrow. - 解析：“wonder”表示“想知道”，后面接宾语从句，表示“是否”的意思时，if和whether都可以使用。 2. She doesn't know what she should do next. - 解析：“what”在宾语从句中作“do”的宾语，表示“做什么”。 3. Could you tell me where the library is? - 解析：“where”在宾语从句中作地点状语，表示“图书馆在哪里”。 4. He asked me if / whether I had seen his keys. - 解析：“ask”后接宾语从句，询问是否见过钥匙，if或whether都可引导表示“是否”的从句。 5. We want to know why he is so happy today. - 解析：“want to know”后面接宾语从句，“why”在从句中作原因状语，表示“为什么”他今天这么高兴。 6. I'm not sure if / whether he has already left. - 解析：“be not sure”后面接宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”他已经离开。 7. Do you know what time it is? - 解析：“what”在宾语从句中与“time”一起构成“什么时间”的意思，作宾语从句的宾语。 8. She is thinking about how she can pass the exam. - 解析：“how”在宾语从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”通过考试。 9. Tom told his mother that he had made a new friend at school. - 解析：“that”引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 10. I don't know whether he likes reading novels or not. - 解析：当有“or not”时，只能用“whether”表示“是否”。 11. She asked me what my favorite color was. - 解析：“what”在宾语从句中作表语，表示“什么（颜色）”是我最喜欢的颜色。 12. The boy wonders if / whether he can get a present on his birthday. - 解析：“wonder”后接宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”能得到礼物。 13. They haven't decided where they will go for the holiday. - 解析：“where”在宾语从句中作地点状语，表示去哪里度假。 14. I'm curious whom she will choose to go with. - 解析：“whom”在宾语从句中作“go with”的宾语，表示“和谁”一起去。 15. Do you know when he will arrive? - 解析：“when”在宾语从句中作时间状语，表示“什么时候”到达。 16. She doesn't understand what he said just now. - 解析：“what”在宾语从句中作“said”的宾语，表示“说的内容”。 17. I wonder where he is from. - 解析：“where”在宾语从句中作地点状语，表示“来自哪里”。 18. He asked if / whether he could use my pen. - 解析：“ask”后接宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”可以用我的笔。 19. The girl wants to know how she can improve her English. - 解析：“how”在宾语从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”提高英语。 20. I'm not sure what is in the box. - 解析：“what”在宾语从句中作主语，表示盒子里“什么东西”。 二、定语从句填空题答案与解析 1. The man who / that is standing over there is my father. - 解析：先行词“man”是人，在定语从句中作主语，“who”和“that”都可以引导定语从句且在从句中作主语。 2. The book which / that I lent you yesterday is very interesting. - 解析：先行词“book”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，“which”和“that”都可以引导定语从句且在作宾语时可以省略。 3. This is the house which / that we lived in last year. - 解析：先行词“house”是物，在定语从句中作介词“in”的宾语，“which”和“that”都可引导且作宾语时可省略（此处如果没有“in”，则还可以用“where”）。 4. The girl whose hair is long is my sister. - 解析：“whose”在定语从句中作定语，用来修饰“hair”，表示“女孩的头发”。 5. I like the movie which / that we saw last week. - 解析：先行词“movie”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，“which”和“that”都可引导且作宾语时可省略。 6. The boy whom / who you met at the park is my cousin. - 解析：先行词“boy”是人，在定语从句中作“met”的宾语，“whom”是宾格形式，“who”在现代英语中也可用于作宾语。 7. Do you know the reason why he was late? - 解析：先行词“reason”表示原因，“why”在定语从句中作原因状语。 8. The city which / that I visited last month is very beautiful. - 解析：先行词“city”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，“which”和“that”都可引导且作宾语时可省略。 9. The teacher who / that teaches us English is very kind. - 解析：先行词“teacher”是人，在定语从句中作主语，“who”和“that”都可引导且在从句中作主语。 10. This is the dog which / that chased the cat just now. - 解析：先行词“dog”是物，在定语从句中作主语，“which”和“that”都可引导且在从句中作主语。 11. The woman whose son is a doctor is very proud. - 解析：“whose”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“son”，表示“这个女人的儿子”。 12. The pen which / that I lost yesterday was a gift from my friend. - 解析：先行词“pen”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，“which”和“that”都可引导且作宾语时可省略。 13. The place which / that we are going to is very far away. - 解析：先行词“place”是物，在定语从句中作介词“to”的宾语，“which”和“that”都可引导且作宾语时可省略（此处如果没有“to”，则还可以用“where”）。 14. The student whose answer was right got a prize. - 解析：“whose”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“answer”，表示“这个学生的答案”。 15. I remember the day when we first met. - 解析：先行词“day”是表示时间的名词，“when”在定语从句中作时间状语。 16. The tree which / that stands in front of our house is very tall. - 解析：先行词“tree”是物，在定语从句中作主语，“which”和“that”都可引导且在从句中作主语。 17. The man whose car is red is my neighbor. - 解析：“whose”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“car”，表示“这个男人的汽车”。 18. The book whose cover is blue is mine. - 解析：“whose”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“cover”，表示“这本书的封面”。 19. The girl whom / who I talked to yesterday is very friendly. - 解析：先行词“girl”是人，在定语从句中作“talked to”的宾语，“whom”是宾格形式，“who”在现代英语中也可用于作宾语。 20. The factory where my father works is very big. - 解析：先行词“factory”是地点名词，“where”在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在工厂里工作”。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$宾语从句和定语从句的差别 第1页，共12页 一、定义 1. 宾语从句 - 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。它常位于及物动词或介词之后。例如： - I think (that) he is a good student.（“he is a good student”作think的宾语） - She is interested in what I said.（“what I said”作介词in的宾语） 第2页，共12页 2. 定语从句 - 定语从句在复合句中起定语的作用，用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如： - The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（“which/that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，用来修饰先行词book） 第3页，共12页 二、引导词的差别 1. 宾语从句引导词 - 从属连词：that（无意义，在口语和非正式文体中常省略），if（是否），whether（是否）。例如： - He said (that) he would come back soon. - I don't know if/whether he will come. - 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which等，它们在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。例如： - Do you know what he is doing?（what作宾语从句中的宾语） - She asked me who was on duty today.（who作宾语从句中的主语） 第4页，共12页 - 连接副词：when, where, why, how等，在从句中作状语。例如： - I wonder when he will arrive.（when作时间状语） 第5页，共12页 2. 定语从句引导词 - 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose。 - 当先行词是人时，可用who或that作主语或宾语（whom作宾语，在现代英语中常用who代替），whose作定语。例如： - The man who/that helped me is my teacher.（who/that在定语从句中作主语） - The boy (whom/who) I met yesterday is my friend.（whom/who在定语从句中作宾语） - The girl whose mother is a doctor is very kind.（whose在定语从句中作定语） 第6页，共12页 - 当先行词是物时，可用which或that作主语或宾语。例如： - The book which/that is on the desk is mine.（which/that在定语从句中作主语） - The pen (which/that) I lost yesterday was a gift.（which/that在定语从句中作宾语） 第7页，共12页 - 关系副词：when（表示时间，先行词常为表示时间的名词），where（表示地点，先行词常为表示地点的名词），why（表示原因，先行词常为reason）。例如： - I still remember the day when we first met.（when在定语从句中作时间状语） - This is the place where I was born.（where在定语从句中作地点状语） - The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（why在定语从句中作原因状语） 第8页，共12页 三、在句中的语法功能差别 1. 宾语从句的语法功能 - 宾语从句是句子的宾语成分，是对及物动词或介词所涉及内容的补充说明。例如： - I believe that he can do it well.（“that he can do it well”补充说明believe的内容） 第9页，共12页 2. 定语从句的语法功能 - 定语从句是对先行词进行修饰、限定，使先行词的意义更加明确。例如： - The boy who is standing there is my brother.（“who is standing there”用来限定the boy的范围） 第10页，共12页 四、语序差别 1. 宾语从句语序 - 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。例如： - Can you tell me where he lives?（不是where does he live） 第11页，共12页 2. 定语从句语序 - 定语从句本身就是陈述句语序，关系代词或关系副词在从句中根据其语法功能确定位置。例如： - The man who is reading a book is my father.（正常的陈述语序） 第12页，共12页 $$