北京市广渠门中学2022-2023学年高二上学期12月质量英语检测（一）

北京市广渠门中学 2022-2023 学年度第一学期 12 月质量检测（一） 高二英语 2022.12.12 （考试时间 60 分钟 满分 100 分） 一、完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） I woke up one morning with six hungry kids and just 75 cents in my pocket. Their father was gone. He had never been much more than a presence they 1 . Now that he had decided to leave, there would be no more beatings, 2 no food either. I washed the kids and then 3 them into my old 51 Chevy and drove off to find a job. I tried to 4 whoever would listen that I was willing to learn anything. I had to have a job. The last place we went to was the Big Wheel truck stop. They needed someone from 11 pm to 7 am. They paid $0.65 an hour and I could start immediately. I called the babysitter and 5 with her. We came to an agreement—$1 a night. So every morning I gave her $1 of my tip money— 6 half of what I averaged every night! As weeks went by, the tires on my Chevy began to leak. One miserable morning, I 7 myself to the car and found four tires in the back seat. New tires! Had angels (天使) taken up residence in Indiana? I 8 . I was now working six nights instead of five and it still wasn’t enough. Christmas was coming and there was no money for toys. Clothes were a worry too. On Christmas Eve the usual customers were drinking coffee in the Big Wheel. There were the truckers, Les, Frank, and Jim. These 9 all just sat around and talked. When it was time for me to go home, I found several boxes in my Chevy filled with little jeans, toys and an enormous turkey. I could not believe my eyes! I was crying with gratitude. And I will never forget the joy on the faces of my little ones that 10 morning. Yes, there were angels in Indiana that long-ago December morning. And they all hung out at the Big Wheel truck stop. 1. A. ignored B. feared C. recognized D. appreciated 2. A. but B. so C. because D. or 3. A. loaded B. moved C. invited D. handed 4. A. question B. teach C. convince D. consult 5. A. argued B. bargained C. agreed D. planned 6. A. only B. definitely C. clearly D. fully 7. A. rolled B. dragged C. directed D. carried 8. A. prayed B. concluded C. wondered D. announced 9. A. visitors B. regulars C. neighbors D. strangers 10. A. comfortable B. satisfying C. educational D. precious 二、语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Dim sum is one of the most popular Chinese dishes. It was originated in Guangzhou city more than a thousand years ago. People of Guangdong are fond of drinking tea in the morning or lunch. So, they often eat dim sum 11 their tea parties for breakfast and lunch. A Cantonese chef’s goal is 12 (preserve) the food’s original flavor. Unlike other Chinese styles of cooking such as Sichuan style, where the cook buries the food in a lot of spices and oil, a Cantonese chef aims to bring out or highlight the original flavor of the vegetable, meat, or fruit. So little spice or sugar is used 13 (general). B Kate Elkins is one of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and 911 14 (specialist). As an active paramedic, Elkins also responds to 911 calls and serves in an urban search and rescue team. First-hand experience has shown her 15 important having a well-stocked and maintained first-aid kit can be. “There are certain things you need to have at hand in the moment. In a crisis, you’re not going to have time to go to the store to get 16 you need,” Elkins points out. C Studies have shown video gamers often have high levels of dopamine（ 多巴胺） in the brain. The prospect of 17 (gain) rewards and prizes can cause gamers to become excited, 18 causes the production of unnecessary dopamine. Just as an addiction to alcohol will cause people 19 (consume) more alcohol, players can get addicted to gaming. Gaming can certainly be fun and 20 (relax), but excessive gaming can lead to adolescents with nearsightedness and have a negative effect on the social lives of children. 三、阅读理解 （共 8 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 12 分） A Search "toxic parents", and you'll find more than 38,000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one's mental health from abusive parents. However, as a psychoanalyst, I've seen that trend in recent years become a way to manage conflicts in the family, and I have seen the severe impacts estrangement （疏远）has on both sides of the divide. This is a self-help trend that creates much harm. Research by Karl Pillemer, a professor at Cornell University, indicates that 1 in 4 American adults have become estranged from their families. I believe that's an undercount, because others have stopped short of completely cutting off contact but have effectively broken the ties. "Canceling" your parent can be seen as an extension of a cultural trend aimed at correcting imbalances in power and systemic inequality. Certainly the family is one system in which power has never been balanced. In 1933, the psychoanalyst Sandor Ferenczi warned that even the simple indication that someone has more power than we do could potentially be damaging. Today's social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us to criticize oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have-themselves-to gain a sense of security and ban their parents from their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only deepens. Often, what I see in my practice are cases of family conflict mismanaged, power dynamics turned upside down rather than negotiated．I see the terrible effect of that trend: situations with no winners, only isolated （孤独的）humans who long to be known and feel safe in the presence of the other. The catch is that after estrangement, adult children are not suddenly less dependent．In fact, they feel abandoned and betrayed, because in the unconscious, it doesn't matter who is doing the leaving；the feeling that remains is "being left". They carry the ghosts of their childhood, tackling the emotional reality that those who raised us can never truly be left behind, no matter how hard we try. What I have found is that most of these families need repair, not permanent break-up．How else can one learn how to negotiate needs, to create boundaries and to trust? How else can we love others, and ourselves, if not through accepting the limitations that come with being human? Good relationships are the result not of a perfect level of harmony but rather of successful adjustments. To pursue dialogue instead of estrangement will be hard and painful work．It can't be a single project of "self-help"， because at the end of the day, real intimacy （ 亲密关系） is achieved by working through the injuries of the past together．In most cases of family conflict, repair is possible and preferable to estrangement-and it's worth the work． 21. Why do young people cut ties with the family? A. To protect their psychological well-being． B. To gain an independent life． C. To restore harmony in the family． D. To follow a tendency towards social justice． 22. What does the underlined word "catch" in Paragraph 6 mean？ A. Response． B. Operation． C. Problem． D. Emphasis． 23. To manage family conflict, the author agrees that young adults should ． A. accept imperfection of family members . B. break down boundaries C. gain power within the family D. live up to their parents' expectations 24. What's the author's purpose of writing the passage？ A. To advocate a self-help trend． B. To justify a common social value． C. To discuss a means of communication． D. To argue against a current practice． B Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art （the Met），saw a record 6．5 million visitors in 2015．But record attendance doesn't necessarily translate into record revenue （收入）. Last month．the Met said it was trying to erase a US$10 million budget deficit（赤字）. Meanwhile, one of its rivals, the Museum of Modern Art（MoMA）, was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder？My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion , billionaires and demographics. First, underlying the Met's financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum's modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn't able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it's already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation. We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions（ 拍 卖 ） and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1．2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can't keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they're priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff. A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side. Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it's a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don't result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums "free" by having individuals, government or businesses "sponsor" the cost．But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that's also when those"sponsors" are more likely to begin to disappear. Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it'd be wise for their administrators to consider the economics in their calculations. 25．According to the author, . A. MoMA saw a rise in donation due to its increased attendance B. he Met considered works of the living artists as questionable C. MoMA added to its modern collection despite the budget deficit D. he Met failed to respond to the artistic tastes of modern visitors 26．What can we infer from the passage？ A. The increase in visitors can hurt the profitability of museums． B. Billionaires control art auctions to price out public museums． C. The boom of modern art will lead visitors to private museums． D. Economic slowdowns result in a weakened interest in museums． 27．What is the author's attitude towards the future of museums in the US？ A. Pessimistic B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain． 28．Which is the best title of the passage？ A. How can Museums Boost Revenues？ B. Should Museums Charge Entrance Fees？ C. What Causes the Financial Challenges of Museums？ D. Will Museums Survive in a Fast-changing World？ 四、阅读还原 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you've just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. 29 And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen？ To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they've viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media. We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect? 30 When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more. These results also explain why it's so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. 31 They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions. 32 To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content. So, if you're struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you're consuming. 33 Once you manage to break free, you'll be back at that big report in no time. A. You figure you'll just take a few minutes to watch them. B. It can be difficult, but it's not impossible. C. Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels. D. The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it. E. Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media. F. These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole. G. This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing. 五、补全句子（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 34. 她关掉了咖啡机。She the coffee-machine.（switch） 35. 我们设法说服她接受了我们的邀请。We our invitation. (persuade) 36. 她反对出国留学。She . (oppose) 37. 我们应该努力和老朋友们保持联系。We should always try our old friends. 38. 从这种意义上讲，阅读在学习语言中是很重要的。 , reading is of vital importance in language learning. 39. 童年中缺少父母的陪伴，孩子可能会缺乏自信。 parents’ company in their childhood, children may lack confidence. (absence) 40. 这样，你将可以在家里被水淹或者着火之前解决这个问题。 This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or . 41. 不管你喜欢什么，总会有一个很棒的主题公园吸引你！ Whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that ! 42. 杰克从不想长期待在同一个地方，所以他总是在移动。 Jack never wanted to stay in one place for very long, so he was always . 43. 虽然已经晚了，我们还是决定动身了。 We decided although it was late. 44. 这位老师决定采用一种不同的方法教诗歌。 The teacher decided to teach poetry. 45. 大概九千年前，冰层消融，留下了约一百座冰川。 Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, 46. 在迪士尼乐园看到一个可爱的卡通角色是可能的。 is possible at Disneyland. about 100 glaciers. 47. 将城市生活与自然结合使得这个公园成为一个受欢迎的目的地。 makes the park a popular destination. 48. 智能卫生间将会一直持续追踪你的身体健康。Smart toilets your health. 六、根据首字母及中文提示，用单词的适当形式填空（每空一词）。（共 18 小题，每小题 1 分，共 18 分） 49. I would p (更喜欢；更希望) that you did not mention my name. 50. Since 1978, the amount of money a (可获得的) to buy books has fallen by 17%. 51. She is now concentrating on a c (职业) as a fashion designer. 52. We’ll make sure our home is as s (安全的；锁牢了的) as possible from now on. 53. Landslides have cut off many villages in r (边远的) areas. 54. Doctors issued a w (警告) against eating any fish caught in the river. 55. Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of c (极重要的) importance. 56. Many experts a (提倡) rewarding your child for good behaviour. 57. The e (强调，重视) is very much on learning the spoken language. 58. He has been a (缺席的) from his desk for two weeks. 59. These programs can be i (被合并) with your existing software. 60. Now many people agree with the government’s p (预测) that the economy will improve. 61. First we need to identify actual and p (潜在的) problems. 62. The exercises are designed to s (拉伸) your leg muscles. 63. I am in favor of the law that p (禁止) tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines. 64. The quiet country roads are ideal for c (骑自行车). 65. The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to d （陈列；展出）their work. 66. We carefully l (贴标签) each item with the contents and the dates. 七、附加题。 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 正在准备“国家公园”主题项目展示，来信向你询问中国国家公园相关信息。请你给 Jim 回信介绍中国的一个国家公园。信中包括以下内容： 1. 该公园的名称及建立目的； 2. 该公园的特色。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市广渠门中学2022-2023学年高二上学期12月质量英语检测（一）答案 1.完形填空 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 2.语法填空 11. at 12. to preserve 13. generally 14. specialists 15. how 16. what 17. gaining 18. which 19. to consume 20. relaxing 3.阅读理解 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 4.阅读还原 29. A 30. C 31. F 32. D 33. B 5.补全句子 34. switched off 35. managed to persuade her to accept 36. She opposes going abroad for study. 37. to keep in touch with 38. In this sense 39. In the absence of 40. on fire 41. attracts you 42. on the move 43. to set out 44. to adopt a different method 45. leaving 46. It is possible to see a cute cartoon character 47. Combining city life with nature 48. Smart toilets will keep tracking 6.根据首字母及中文提示填空 49. prefer 50. available 51. career 52. secure 53. remote 54. warning 55. crucial 56. advocate 57. emphasis 58. absent 59. integrated 60. prediction 61. potential 62. stretch 63. prohibits 64. cycling 65. display 66. label 7.附加题（示例，仅供参考） Dear Jim, I'm very glad to hear from you. I'd like to introduce the Giant Panda National Park in China to you. The park was established to protect the habitats of giant pandas and other wild animals and plants in the area. It aims to preserve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of the region. The park has many unique features. Firstly, it is home to a large number of giant pandas. You can see these lovely creatures in their natural habitats. Secondly, the park has beautiful natural scenery, with lush forests, clear rivers, and majestic mountains. It offers a great opportunity for people to enjoy nature and understand the importance of ecological protection. I hope this information will be helpful for your project. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. Best regards, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$