精品解析：江苏省普通高中2023年学业水平合格性考试英语试题

江苏省2023 年普通高中学业水平合格性考试试卷 英语 注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1，本试卷包含选择题（第1题～第35题，共35题70分）和非选择题（第36题～第46题，共11题30分）。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。本次考试时间为75分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并放在桌面，等待监考员收回。 2. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用书写黑色字迹的0.5 毫米签字笔填写在本试卷及答题卡上。 3. 请认真核对监考员在答题卡右上角所粘贴条形码上的姓名、准考证号是否与本人的相符合。 4、答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。 第一部分 选择题 （共两节，满分70分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共20 小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read  Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations.  Think about what you already know about the topic.  Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it  Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text.  Use story structure (结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized  Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text.  Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read.  Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected.  Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again • Change reading speed • Read on • Self-correct After You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1. What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. B In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 5. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 6. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 7. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 8. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. C Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 10. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 11. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 12. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. D You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 13. What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 14. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 15 Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 16. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. E With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 17. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 18. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 19. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 20. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 第二节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Bethany Firth, now a famous swimmer, has learning difficulty. But when she was a small child, she fell into a swimming pool, which made her ___21___ of water and determined never to swim. That was until Firth went to a school where swimming lessons were ___22___. Firth did everything she could to get out of the lessons, like leaving her swimsuit (泳衣) out of her bag ___23___. Eventually Firth couldn’t avoid ___24___ lessons any longer-she had to get into the water. ___25___, surprisingly, once she started swimming, she never looked back. She trained regularly and became a(n) ___26___ swimmer. Her hard work paid off. She ___27___ gold in the 2012 London Paralympics (残奥会). After her success, Firth continued to train hard. She felt she was ___28___ when it was time for the 2016 Rio Paralympics. Firth took the chance and returned home ___29___ after winning three golds and a silver. In 2017, Firth was ____30____ to Buckingham Palace to receive an honour (MBE) for her ____31____ to swimming. “I feel like sport has ____32____ so many doors for me. I’m happy to ____33____ my story and help inspire people to ____34____ their dreams. I also want to help people get a better understanding of people with ____35____ difficulty,” said Firth. 21 A. afraid B. capable C. proud D. short 22. A. missed B. funny C. required D. boring 23. A. in sight B. in turn C. on time D. on purpose 24. A. jumping B. swimming C. running D. jogging 25. A. So B. But C. For D. Or 26. A. honest B. average C. strong D. patient 27. A. bought B. made C. borrowed D. won 28. A. hopeless B. ready C. moved D. weak 29 A. successful B. careful C. awful D. painful 30. A. attracted B. forced C. pushed D. invited 31. A. contributions B. agreements C. introductions D. responses 32. A. closed B. kicked C. opened D. broken 33. A. remember B. share C. record D. sell 34. A. drop B. steal C. change D. realize 35. A. learning B. hearing C. dancing D. smelling 第二部分 非选择题 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the morning of February 5, Tang Yuman, ___36___ high school student from Huludao city, was watching the sunrise by the seaside when he noticed someone floating (漂浮) on the water’s surface. Tang shouted in that direction, but there ___37___ (be) no response. “I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I must rescue (搭救) the person,” said Tang. Tang took off his coat without ___38___ (hesitate) and jumped into the water. Though he felt painfully cold, he tried his best ___39___ (reach) the drowning (溺水的) person. It was an old woman. Tang lifted her shoulders out of the water ___40___ drew her toward the shore. He tried several times to push the elderly woman to the shore, but was only able to pull ___41___ (she) onto the ice. He kept himself calm and called 120 for help. While waiting ___42___ the doctors, Tang also gave the elderly woman first aid, as he found she had trouble in ___43___ (breathe). Just then, another man, ___44___ was on a morning run, came over to help them. The granny ___45___ (rush) to the hospital after the doctors arrived. Thanks to the pair’s timely rescue, she got out of danger. 第二节 写作 （共1题，满分20分） 46. 假如你是苏华，刚刚收到外国笔友Mike的邮件 TO: suhuajschina@123.com FROM: mikenewzealand@123.com Dear SU Hua, How is everything going? Last year I read an article about the history and development of Jiangsu in an English magazine, and I love it. I will leave school next term and I am eager to visit Jiangsu, especially Nanjing, its capital city. Could you tell me something more about Nanjing? Thank you very much. Regards, Mike 请根据邮件，用英文写一封回信，内容要点如下： (1) 历史悠久：曾经是六朝古都。 (2) 景色优美：名胜众多、如中山陵、玄武湖。 (3) 美食丰富：盐水鸭等很受欢迎。 (4) 教育发达：拥有很多名校。 注意： (1) 包含所有要点，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 (2) 词数100左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 (3) 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 参考词汇： 朝代 dynasty 中山陵Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum 盐水鸭 salted duck ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 江苏省2023 年普通高中学业水平合格性考试试卷 英语 注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1，本试卷包含选择题（第1题～第35题，共35题70分）和非选择题（第36题～第46题，共11题30分）。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。本次考试时间为75分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并放在桌面，等待监考员收回。 2. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用书写黑色字迹的0.5 毫米签字笔填写在本试卷及答题卡上。 3. 请认真核对监考员在答题卡右上角所粘贴条形码上的姓名、准考证号是否与本人的相符合。 4、答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。 第一部分 选择题 （共两节，满分70分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共20 小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. Before You Read  Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations.  Think about what you already know about the topic.  Guess what the text will be about and what you might learn from reading it  Set a purpose for reading. While You Read Think about what you understand and what you do not understand. Use the reading strategies below to help you understand the text.  Use story structure (结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized  Make a summary: Stop for a short while as you read to find out the most important ideas in the text.  Ask and answer questions: Ask yourself questions about what you do not understand in the text. Look for answers to questions as you read.  Use diagrams: Make diagrams as you read to show how important ideas in the text are connected.  Check understanding: When you do not understand a section of text, use one of these strategies to make the information clear • Read again • Change reading speed • Read on • Self-correct After You Read Talk with a classmate about which strategies you used and why you used them. 1 What should you do before you read? A. Use diagrams. B. Change reading speed. C. Talk with a classmate. D. Look at the title and headings. 2. Which of the following can help you understand how a story is organized? A. Using story structure. B. Making a summary. C. Checking understanding. D. Asking and answering questions. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Procedures for questioning. B. Ways of making diagrams. C. Strategies for reading. D. Examinations of understanding. 4. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A film. B. A textbook. C. A dictionary. D. A document. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为应用文。文章主要介绍了在阅读过程中可以使用的策略，包括在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后应该做些什么来帮助理解和记忆文本内容。这些策略包括观察标题、标题和插图，思考已知信息，猜测文本内容，设定阅读目的，使用故事结构，制作摘要，提问和回答问题，使用图表，检查理解等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由Before You Read部分中的“Look at the title, headings, and photographs or illustrations. (看题目、标题、照片或插图。)”可知，在阅读之前应该看题目、标题和照片或插图。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由While You Read部分中的“Use story structure (结构): Pay attention to the characters, background, and plot (情节) events to help you understand how a story is organized (使用故事结构：注意人物、背景和情节事件，帮助你理解故事是如何组织的)”可知，使用故事结构可以帮助你理解故事是如何组织的。故选A。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略。故本文主要谈论的是阅读策略。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A strategy is a plan for doing something well. You can use strategies before, during, and after reading. (策略是做好某件事的计划。你可以在阅读前、阅读中、阅读后使用策略。)”可知，本文主要介绍在阅读前、阅读中和阅读后都可以使用的阅读策略，而阅读策略是学习过程中常用的方法，因此本文可能来自一本教科书。故选B。 B In October, 2021, three Chinese astronauts, Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, travelled to their space station. They stayed there for six months while they got ready for two new modules (舱), Wentian and Mengtian, to join the main module, Tianhe. In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson. Wang Yaping gave the Tiangong lesson, while Zhai Zhigang made videos, and Ye Guangfu helped in the process. Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement. They were quite curious about what it’s like to live in space. There was no doubt that they had lots of questions specifically for astronaut Wang, who is famous as the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk. She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests. Wang said it was a great joy to teach children about space while she was there, referring to the two live science lectures she gave in 2013 and 2021. “My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said. 5. What was Wang Yaping’s 2021 Tiangong lesson about? A. Arts. B. Physics. C. History. D. Travel. 6. How did students feel about the Tiangong lesson? A. Excited. B. Sad. C. Doubtful. D. Bored. 7. What did Wang and Zhai do outside the space station? A. Made videos. B. Gave a physics lesson. C. Compared photos of two lectures. D. Fixed equipment and did tests. 8. What is one of the features of Wang Yaping’s 2021 lecture? A. Fewer questions. B. Unclearer pictures. C. More colourful content. D. Smaller space classroom. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了三名中国宇航员在中国空间站内给全国的学生上了一堂太空物理课。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In December, they gave a physics lesson from space to students in Hong Kong, Beijing and three other cities. Through a livestream (网络直播), the public could also enjoy the lesson.”（去年12月，他们给香港、北京和其他三个城市的学生上了一堂太空物理课。通过直播，公众也可以享受这一课。）可知，王亚平2021年的天宫课是关于物理的。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Excited students enjoyed the lesson about the effects of weightlessness on object movement.”（兴奋的学生们喜欢上了关于失重对物体运动影响的课程。）可知，学生们对天宫课的感受是兴奋的。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“She had before spent several hours outside the station with Zhai, fixing equipment and doing tests.”（之前，她和翟在空间站外待了几个小时，修理设备，做测试。）可知，王和翟在空间站外修理设备并进行测试。故选D项。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“My family told me that many netizens (Internet users) compared photos of my two lectures and found that our ’space classroom’ is now bigger, the content of the class is more colourful and interesting, and that the livestream is smoother and pictures clearer,” she said.”（ 她说:“我的家人告诉我，许多网友比较了我两次讲课的照片，发现我们的‘太空教室’现在更大了，课堂内容更丰富有趣，直播更流畅，图片更清晰。”）可知，王亚平2021年演讲的特点之一是内容更丰富多彩。故选C项。 C Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! So all this choice must be a good thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, not necessarily. People like the idea of having a choice, and many people think more choice must be a good thing. But, in fact, too much choice can cause us problems. If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. If you offer me a choice of three cookies, I can decide quickly which one I want. But if you offer me a choice of 33 cookies, my brain crashes. Another problem with too much choice is that we think there must be the perfect cookie somewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. It’s not cookie perfection. And then we begin to regret all the other cookies we didn’t choose, thinking one of them might have been better. So there can be such a thing as too much choice. We need to recognize that while some choice is good too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! 9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To sell a product. B. To express surprise. C. To introduce the topic. D. To answer a question. 10. What problem can too much choice cause? A. Difficulty in choosing. B. Worry about health. C. A careless decision. D. A loss of memory. 11. The underlined part “It’s not cookie perfection” probably means ________. A. we can’t make good cookies B. there’s no perfect choice C. we are pleased with all cookies D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious 12. How will the writer solve the problem of too much choice according to the last paragraph? A. Recognize the perfect. B. Make a quick choice. C. Ignore what is offered. D. Enjoy what is chosen. 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出超市商品种类繁多这一现象，引发了对选择过多可能带来的问题的讨论。作者分析了过多选择可能导致的难以决策、不满足感以及后悔等问题，并提出了应专注于对所选择的东西感到满意的观点。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Do you know how many kinds of breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my local supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just one product. Think about all the varieties of biscuits, yoghourt, and chocolate bars. We have so much choice these days. It’s unbelievable! (你知道我们当地的超市里有多少种早餐麦片吗？165种！这只是一种产品。想想各种各样的饼干、酸奶和巧克力棒。现在我们有太多选择了。这是难以置信的！)”可知，作者对于现在有这么多的选择感到惊讶，并通过列举超市中的麦片种类来引出后文关于选择过多的讨论。因此，第一段的目的是引入话题。故正确答案为C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If there are too many different things to choose from, we can’t know what to choose. (如果有太多不同的东西可供选择，我们就不知道该选什么。)”可知，过多的选择会造成的问题是难以选择。故正确答案为A。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“The fact is, there isn’t — so when we have spent half an hour deciding which cookie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s not as good as expected. (事实并非如此——所以当我们花了半个小时来决定我们想要哪块饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它没有预期的那么好。)”可知，当我们花了半个小时决定想要哪种饼干时，我们会感到不满意，因为它不如预期的好。因此，“It’s not cookie perfection”的意思是没有完美的选择，而不是我们不能做好饼干、我们对所有饼干都很满意或饼干味道不好。A. we can’t make good cookies我们做不出好的饼干；B. there’s no perfect choice没有完美的选择；C. we are pleased with all cookies我们对所有的饼干都很满意；D. the cookie doesn’t taste delicious饼干味道不好。故正确答案为B。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“We need to recognize that while some choice is good, too much can leave us at a loss. We should focus on being pleased with what we choose. I am going to remember this next time I’m offered a cookie — choose one and enjoy it! (我们需要认识到，虽然有些选择是好的，但太多的选择会让我们不知所措。我们应该专注于对我们的选择感到满意。下次有人给我饼干的时候，我一定要记住这一点——选一个，享受它！)”可知，作者认为我们应该专注于对自己所选择的东西感到满意，并在下次被提供饼干时选择一个并享受它。因此，作者解决选择过多问题的方法是享受所选择的，而不是认识到完美、快速做出选择或忽略所提供的内容。故正确答案为D。 D You drove ten hours to your aunt’s house, and you’re ready to get some sleep in the guest room. But though you’re so tired, sleep just doesn’t come. You turn from side to side in bed all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up just an hour later. It’s so easy to fall asleep in your own bed. So why can’t you sleep well here? Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “People do not sleep well the first night. There is less slow brainwave activity, meaning not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenomenon (现象) as well.” The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化). When you’re in your own bed, your brain knows it’s home and you will be safe. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to. But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep. 13 What is the “first night effect”? A. Poor sleep on the first night. B. Less rapid brainwave activity. C. Long deep sleep all night. D. Good habit of sleeping. 14. From paragraph 3 we know that bad sleep in new places ________. A. brings danger to health B. exists only in humans C. has bad effects on the brain D. has a very long history 15. Why is it harder to sleep in new places? A. There are real dangers nearby. B. New beds feel uncomfortable. C. People feel unsafe and worried. D. The brain stops working normally. 16. What’s good news for most people? A. Brains no longer feel safe. B. They will have a quick mind. C. They can finally sleep well. D. Unfamiliar sounds disappear. 【答案】13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人在新的环境中无法安然入眠的“第一晚效应。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Martha Hotz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knows all about this problem. “In some sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says.People do not sleep well the first night(脑科学家Martha Hotz Vitaterna对这个问题了如指掌。她说，在一些睡眠研究圈子里，这被称为“第一晚效应”。人们在第一个晚上睡不好。)”可知此处的第一晚效应指的是一个人到了一个陌生地方以后睡眠不好的问题。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fact that this happens in other animals, too, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may date back to the time long before humans evolved (进化).(这种情况也发生在其他动物身上，这让科学家们认为，新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果。它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久。)”可知新地方的睡眠不好是大脑中一个非常古老的过程的结果，它可以追溯到人类进化之前很久，因此有着悠久的历史。故选D项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But when you sleep in an unfamiliar place, your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure no dangers are nearby. Even familiar sounds still make you worried. What’s that? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the brain to keep you ready to escape if you need to.(但是当你在一个不熟悉的地方睡觉时，你的大脑会保持轻微的注意力，以确保附近没有危险。即使是熟悉的声音也会让你担心。那是什么？危险吗？它会唤醒大脑，让你在需要的时候做好逃跑的准备。)”可知人们到了一个新地方以后会感到不安全和担心，所以会睡眠不好。故选C项。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But there’s good news: for most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night of sleep.(但好消息是：对大多数人来说，在一个新地方呆上一两个晚上后，我们焦虑的大脑就会再次感到安全。最后我们可以有一个完整的睡眠。)”可知对于大多数人来说好消息是几天之后他们最终会有一个很好的睡眠。故选C项。 E With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. Mount Everest has brought much-needed income to Nepal, but a lot of waste has gathered as a result. Climbers need a lot of equipment to successfully climb the mountain. A typical team of climbers can easily use up hundreds of oxygen containers and as many as 15 plastic tents and other equipment during the climb. In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. But this solution did not work well. Mount Everest officials and the city of Kathmandu put forward a new proposal. First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain. These climbers risk losing their $4,000 waste deposit (保证金) if caught throwing things. In this way, careless throwing will surely be reduced. Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. A local plane company has agreed to use its planes to carry the waste from the mountain to the capital city, where it will be treated. Now, with these new rules in place, the mountain should see a return to its former self. 17. What caused the Mount Everest environment disaster? A. The increasing number of villagers. B. Litter left behind by the climbers. C. Nepalese officials who work there. D. Rubbish produced by nature itself. 18. Which of the following pollute(s) the local water supply according to paragraph 2? A. Human waste. B. Plastic tents. C. Oxygen containers. D. Climbing equipment. 19. What were the climbers required to do in 2014? A. Limit the use of oxygen containers. B. Use wood and metal to put up tents. C. Avoid drinking water from the river below. D. Take 18 pounds of litter down the mountain. 20. How many new rules are put forward in the last paragraph? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，山上遗留的垃圾问题日益严重，尼泊尔官方正在采取措施应对这场环境灾难。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the increasing number of Everest mountain climbers, more litter is left behind on this natural wonder. Fortunately, Nepalese (尼泊尔的) officials are working to deal with this environment disaster. (随着珠穆朗玛峰登山者人数的增加，这座自然奇观上留下了更多的垃圾。幸运的是，尼泊尔官员正在努力应对这场环境灾难) ”可知，珠穆朗玛峰环境灾难的原因是登山者留下的垃圾。故选B项。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition, there is the problem with human waste. This has been a growing problem and has put life in danger. The waste problem now spreads from the base camp to the river below, polluting the local water supply. (此外，还有人类排泄物的问题。这是一个日益严重的问题，已经危及生命。排泄物问题现在从大本营蔓延到下面的河流，污染了当地的供水) ”可知，污染当地水源的是人类排泄物。故选A项。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2014, the Nepalese government tried to solve this pollution problem, requiring that climbers bring back 18 pounds of rubbish on their way down the mountain. (2014年，尼泊尔政府试图解决这一污染问题，要求登山者在下山时带回18磅的垃圾)” 可知，2014年要求登山者下山时带走18磅的垃圾。故选D项。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“First of all, dustbins have been placed along the mountain paths. In addition, heavy fines will be given to climbers who pollute the mountain.(首先，沿着山路放置了垃圾桶。此外，对于污染山区的登山者将处以重罚)” 和 “Finally, the rubbish will be removed from the mountain. (最后，垃圾将被从山上移走)” 可知，最后一段提出了三条新规定：放置垃圾桶、对污染者处以重罚和移除山上的垃圾。故选B项。 第二节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Bethany Firth, now a famous swimmer, has learning difficulty. But when she was a small child, she fell into a swimming pool, which made her ___21___ of water and determined never to swim. That was until Firth went to a school where swimming lessons were ___22___. Firth did everything she could to get out of the lessons, like leaving her swimsuit (泳衣) out of her bag ___23___. Eventually, Firth couldn’t avoid ___24___ lessons any longer-she had to get into the water. ___25___, surprisingly, once she started swimming, she never looked back. She trained regularly and became a(n) ___26___ swimmer. Her hard work paid off. She ___27___ gold in the 2012 London Paralympics (残奥会). After her success, Firth continued to train hard. She felt she was ___28___ when it was time for the 2016 Rio Paralympics. Firth took the chance and returned home ___29___ after winning three golds and a silver. In 2017, Firth was ____30____ to Buckingham Palace to receive an honour (MBE) for her ____31____ to swimming. “I feel like sport has ____32____ so many doors for me. I’m happy to ____33____ my story and help inspire people to ____34____ their dreams. I also want to help people get a better understanding of people with ____35____ difficulty,” said Firth. 21. A. afraid B. capable C. proud D. short 22. A. missed B. funny C. required D. boring 23. A. in sight B. in turn C. on time D. on purpose 24. A. jumping B. swimming C. running D. jogging 25. A. So B. But C. For D. Or 26. A. honest B. average C. strong D. patient 27. A. bought B. made C. borrowed D. won 28. A. hopeless B. ready C. moved D. weak 29. A. successful B. careful C. awful D. painful 30. A. attracted B. forced C. pushed D. invited 31. A. contributions B. agreements C. introductions D. responses 32. A. closed B. kicked C. opened D. broken 33. A. remember B. share C. record D. sell 34. A. drop B. steal C. change D. realize 35. A. learning B. hearing C. dancing D. smelling 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Bethany Firth克服对水的恐惧，从不喜欢游泳到成为奥运冠军的励志故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当她还是个小孩子的时候，她掉进了一个游泳池，这让她害怕水，决定永远不游泳。A. afraid害怕的；B. capable有能力的；C. proud自豪的；D. short短的。根据下文“determined never to swim.”可知，她害怕水，决定永远不游泳。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到弗斯上了一所要求学生上游泳课的学校。A. missed被错过的；B. funny有趣的；C. required 必需的；D. boring令人厌烦的。根据下文“Eventually, Firth couldn’t avoid ___4___ lessons”可知，弗斯上了一所要求学生上游泳课的学校。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：弗里斯竭尽全力想要逃避这些课程，比如故意不把她泳衣不装进包里。A. in sight在视野内；B. in turn轮流；C. on time准时；D. on purpose故意地。根据上文“Firth did everything she could to get out of the lessons”可知，她故意不把泳衣放在包里。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，费斯无法再逃避游泳课了——她不得不下水。A. jumping跳；B. swimming游泳；C. running 跑；D. jogging慢跑锻炼。根据上文“swimming lessons”可知，费斯无法再逃避游泳课了。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，一旦她开始游泳，她就再也没有放弃。A. So所以；B. But但是；C. For因为；D. Or或者。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她定期训练，成为一名强壮的游泳运动员。A. honest诚实的；B. average平均的；C. strong强壮的；D. patient有耐心的。根据上文“She trained regularly”可知，她成为了一名强壮的游泳运动员。故C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在2012年伦敦残奥会上获得金牌。A. bought买；B. made制作；C. borrowed借；D. won赢得。根据下文“winning”可知，她在2012年伦敦残奥会上获得金牌。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当2016年里约残奥会到来时，她觉得自己已经准备好了。A. hopeless无希望的；B. ready准备好的；C. moved感动的；D. weak弱的。根据上文“After her success, Firth continued to train hard.”可知，她觉得自己已经准备好了参加残奥会。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：费斯抓住了这个机会，成功地赢得了三枚金牌和一枚银牌。A. successful成功的；B. careful认真的；C. awful 糟糕的；D. painful疼痛的。根据下文“after winning three golds and a silver”可知，成功地赢得了三枚金牌和一枚银牌。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，费斯被邀请到白金汉宫接受荣誉勋章(MBE)，以表彰她对游泳的贡献。A. attracted吸引；B. forced迫使；C. pushed推； D. invited邀请。根据下文“to Buckingham Palace to receive an honour (MBE)”可知，指被邀请去参加。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，费斯被邀请到白金汉宫接受荣誉勋章(MBE)，以表彰她对游泳的贡献。A. contributions贡献；B. agreements同意；C. introductions介绍；D. responses反应。根据上文“Her hard work paid off. She ___7___ gold in the 2012 London Paralympics (残奥会).”以及“Firth took the chance and returned home ___9___ after winning three golds and a silver.”可知，表彰她对游泳的贡献。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得体育为我打开了很多扇门。A. closed关闭；B. kicked踢；C.opened打开； D. broken打破。根据上文“Her hard work paid off. She ___7___ gold in the 2012 London Paralympics (残奥会).”以及“Firth took the chance and returned home ___9___ after winning three golds and a silver.”可知，她挑战了自己，取得了成功，所以体育为她打开了很多扇门。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴分享我的故事，并帮助激励人们实现他们的梦想。A. remember记得；B. share分享；C. record记录；D. sell卖。根据下文“help inspire people to ___14___ their dreams.”可知，Bethany Firth很高兴分享了自己的故事。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴分享我的故事，并帮助激励人们实现他们的梦想。A. drop掉落；B. steal偷；C. change改变；D. realize实现。根据下文“their dreams”可知，帮助激励人们实现他们的梦想。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还想帮助人们更好地了解有学习困难的人。A. learning学习；B. hearing听；C. dancing跳舞；D. smelling闻。根据上文“earning difficulty”可知，Bethany Firth想帮助人们更好地了解有学习困难的人。故选A项。 第二部分 非选择题 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the morning of February 5, Tang Yuman, ___36___ high school student from Huludao city, was watching the sunrise by the seaside when he noticed someone floating (漂浮) on the water’s surface. Tang shouted in that direction, but there ___37___ (be) no response. “I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I must rescue (搭救) the person,” said Tang. Tang took off his coat without ___38___ (hesitate) and jumped into the water. Though he felt painfully cold, he tried his best ___39___ (reach) the drowning (溺水的) person. It was an old woman. Tang lifted her shoulders out of the water ___40___ drew her toward the shore. He tried several times to push the elderly woman to the shore, but was only able to pull ___41___ (she) onto the ice. He kept himself calm and called 120 for help. While waiting ___42___ the doctors, Tang also gave the elderly woman first aid, as he found she had trouble in ___43___ (breathe). Just then, another man, ___44___ was on a morning run, came over to help them. The granny ___45___ (rush) to the hospital after the doctors arrived. Thanks to the pair’s timely rescue, she got out of danger. 【答案】36. a 37. was 38. hesitation 39. to reach 40. and 41. her 42. for 43. breathing 44. who 45. was rushed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述唐玉满在海边看日出时救人的事件，展现了他的勇敢和冷静，同时也体现了在紧急情况下如何采取有效措施的重要性。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：2月5日早上，来自葫芦岛市的一名高中生唐玉满在海边看日出时，注意到水面上有人漂浮着。此处泛指“一名高中生”，且high发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：唐朝着那个方向大喊，但没有回应。根据上文shouted可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，且there be句型遵循就近原则，此处be动词与no response保持一致，用was。故填was。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：唐毫不犹豫地脱下外套，跳进水里。without为介词，后跟hesitate的名词hesitation“犹豫”，作宾语。故填hesitation。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他感到刺骨的寒冷，但他尽力去救那个溺水的人。try one’s best to do sth.“尽力做某事”为固定搭配，本空用reach“达到，能伸到”的不定式。故填to reach。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：唐把她的肩膀从水里抬起来，把她拉向岸边。lifted her shoulders out of the water与drew her toward the shore并列，用连词and连接。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：他试着把老太太推到岸边好几次，但只能把她拉到冰上。pull为动词，后跟人称代词宾格her“她”，作宾语。故填her。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：在等医生的时候，唐还给老太太做了急救，因为他发现她呼吸困难。wait for sb.为固定搭配，意为“等待某人”。故填for。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在等医生的时候，唐还给老太太做了急救，因为他发现她呼吸困难。in为介词，后跟breathe“呼吸”的动名词breathing，作宾语。故填breathing。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：就在这时，另一个正在晨跑的人过来帮忙。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 【45题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：医生到来后，老奶奶被迅速送往医院。此处描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语the granny与动词rush“快速运输，速送”之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was rushed。 第二节 写作 （共1题，满分20分） 46. 假如你是苏华，刚刚收到外国笔友Mike的邮件 TO: suhuajschina@123.com FROM: mikenewzealand@123.com Dear SU Hua, How is everything going? Last year I read an article about the history and development of Jiangsu in an English magazine, and I love it. I will leave school next term and I am eager to visit Jiangsu, especially Nanjing, its capital city. Could you tell me something more about Nanjing? Thank you very much. Regards, Mike 请根据邮件，用英文写一封回信，内容要点如下： (1) 历史悠久：曾经是六朝古都。 (2) 景色优美：名胜众多、如中山陵、玄武湖。 (3) 美食丰富：盐水鸭等很受欢迎。 (4) 教育发达：拥有很多名校。 注意： (1) 包含所有要点，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 (2) 词数100左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 (3) 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 参考词汇： 朝代 dynasty 中山陵Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum 盐水鸭 salted duck ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m glad to hear from you and know your interest in Nanjing. Nanjing boasts a long history, once serving as the capital for six dynasties. Its rich cultural heritage is truly fascinating. The city is renowned for its breathtaking scenery, with numerous famous attractions like Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum and Xuanwu Lake, which offer tranquil and picturesque settings for visitors. When it comes to food, Nanjing is a paradise for foodies. The local specialty, salted duck, is incredibly popular, known for its delicate taste and unique preparation. Moreover, Nanjing is home to many prestigious educational institutions, reflecting its advanced educational system. I’m sure you’ll have a wonderful experience exploring Nanjing. If you need any more information or travel tips, feel free to ask. Looking forward to your visit! Best regards, Su Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以苏华的身份回复外国笔友Mike的邮件，介绍南京的历史、景色、美食和教育情况。 【详解】词汇积累 迷人的：fascinating → attractive/absorbing 旅游景点：famous attractions → scenic spots 难以置信地：incredibly → unbelievably 简单句变复合句 原句：Nanjing boasts a long history, once serving as the capital for six dynasties. Its rich cultural heritage is truly fascinating. 拓展句：Nanjing boasts a long history, once serving as the capital for six dynasties, whose rich cultural heritage is truly fascinating. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The city is renowned for its breathtaking scenery, with numerous famous attractions like Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum and Xuanwu Lake, which offer tranquil and picturesque settings for visitors. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] When it comes to food, Nanjing is a paradise for foodies.(运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型3] If you need any more information or travel tips feel free to ask. (运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$