专题09 时态（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北专用）

►专题09时态 考点精讲 一、时态的概念 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。 二、时态的分类 动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。 由时间和方式结合，便形成下列十六种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时；现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 状态 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 一般现在时 现在 主动：do/dose 被动：am/is/are done 现在进行时 主动：am/is/are doing 被动：am/is/are being done 现在完成时 主动：have/has done 被动： have/has been done 现在完成进行时 主动：have/has been doing 过去 一般过去时 过去 主动：did 被动：was/were done 过去进行 主动:was/were doing 被动:was/were being done 过去完成时 主动：had done 被动：had been done 过去完成进行时 主动：had been doing 将来 一般将来时 主动：Will/shall do; am/is/are going 将来 to do 被动:Will/shall be done 将来进行时 主动： will/shall be doing; be going to be doing 将来完成时 主动：Will/shall have done; be going to have done 被动：Will/shall have been done 将来完成进行时 主动：Will/shall have been doing be going to have been doing 过去 将来 过去将来时 主动：would/should do 将杂 被动：would/should be 过去将来进行时 主动：would be doing 过去将来完成时 主动：would have done 过去将来完成进行时 主动：Would/should have been doing 在这16种时态中，其中有8种时态是最重要的，也是用得最多的，中职重点学习八大时态，即一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时。 三、时态的具体用法 （一）一般现在时 1.概念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为；现在的某种状况；客观真理或在时间、条件让步状语条件中表示将来动作。 He always helps others. The earth moves the sun. He is a student. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 2. 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 3. 基本结构： （1） 主语+be动词+其他 My mother is a teacher. （2） 主语+行为动词原形/单三形式+其他 She teaches English in a school. 4.否定形式： （1） 主语+am/is/are+not+其他 He is not a worker. （2）此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 They don’t speak English. She often goes to school on foot. 5.一般疑问句： （1）把be动词放于句首； Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. （2）用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 - Do you often play football?  - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. （二）一般现过去时 1.概念： 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 I bought some fruits yesterday. He used to visit his mother once a week. 2.时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构： （1）主语+was/were+其他 Tom was just there a moment ago.  （2）主语+行为动词的过去式+其他 I met Lin Tao this morning.  4.否定形式： （1）主语+was/were+not+其他 We were not at work yesterday. （2）在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 I didn't know you were so busy. 5.一般疑问句： （1）was或were放于句首； Were they  students? （2）用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 Did many people like music? （三）现在进行时 1.概念： 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情；表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做；现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。 He is listening to the music now. I am studying computer this term. I am leaving. 2.时间状语： now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构： 主语+am/is/are+doing+其他 We are waiting for you Mr Green is writing another novel. The leaves are turning red 4.否定形式： 主语+am/is/are+not+doing.+其他 He is not watching TV now 5.一般疑问句： Am /Is/Are+主语+doing +其他 Are they watching TV? （四）过去进行时 1.概念： 表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作;表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情; 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义; Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. I was travelling in London last summer vacation. Then she said she was leaving. 2. 时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time etc. 3. 基本结构： 主语+was/were+doing+其他 He was eating a cucumber. 4. 否定形式： 主语+was/were + not + doing+其他 He was not eating a cucumber. 5. 一般疑问句： Was/were+主语+其他 Was he eating a cucumber? （五）现在完成 1.概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980. 2.时间状语： recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构： 主语+have/has + done+其他 He has eaten a cucumber. 4.否定形式： 主语+have/has + not +done+其他 I haven’t have breakfast yet. 5.一般疑问句：have或has。 Has she clean the room? （六）过去完成时 1.概念： 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去; 也表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 Until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for six months.  By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 2.时间状语： before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构： 主语+had + done+其他 He had eaten a cucumber. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. He had not eaten a cucumber. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。 Had he eaten a a cucumber? （七）一般将来时 1.概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构： （1）主语+will/shall（第一人称） + do+其他 ①表示主语主观意愿的将来。 I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. ②表示客观将来。 Fish will die without water. ③表示临时决定。 —Mary has been ill for a week. —Oh，I didn't know. I will go and see her.  （2）主语+am/is/are/going to + do+其他 ①表示计划、打算做某事。  This is just what I am going to say. ②表示根据某种迹象看，很可能或即将发生的事情，表推测。 Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It's going to rain. （3）主语+am/is/are about to do+其他 表示“即将、正要”时，可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。  Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （4）主语+be to do+其他 ①表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。  She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. ②该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。  You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 4.否定形式： （1）will/be going to + not; I'm not going to do my homework this evening. 5.一般疑问句： （1）Am/Is/Are+going to do+其他? Are you going to Beijing this Sunday? （2）Will/Shall+主语+do+其他 Will they go and see her? （八）过去将来时 1. 概念 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 常用于宾语从句中。 I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. 2. 时间状语 the next day(morning， year)，the following month(week)，etc。 3. 基本结构 （1）主语+was/were/going to + do+其他 He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. （2）主语+Would+ do+其他 He said he would come here next Friday. 4. 否定形式： （1）主语+was/were/not + going to + do+其他 He told us that he was not going to attend the meeting. （2）主语+ would + not + do+其他 He said he would not come here next Friday. 5. 一般疑问句： （1）Was/Were+主语+going to do+其他 Was he going to attend the meeting the next day? （2）Would +主语+do+其他 Would they go to the cinema next Sunday? 6.用法： （1）“would+动词原形” 常表示主观意愿的将来。 He said he would come to see me. He told me he would go to Beijing. （2）“was/ were + going to + 动词原形” 常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 She said she was going to start off at once. I was told that he was going to return home. 此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。 It seemed as if it was going to rain. （3）come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me. 四、常用非延续性动词和延续性动词转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 borrow keep go/leave be away buy ·have finish/end be over open be open die be dead close be closed catch a cold have a cold begin/start be on put on wear arrive/come be here/be in get up be up wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose be lost join be in 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$