Unit 5 Languages Around the World【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)

2024-09-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2024-2025
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 300 KB
发布时间 2024-09-30
更新时间 2024-09-30
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2024-09-30
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Unit 5 Languages Around the World 话题 语言学习 词汇 hip-hop, techno, energy, soul, bagpipes, composition, opportunity, performance, performer, studio, award, composer, conductor, original, phenomenon, stage, band, rap, relief, cure, romantic, album, impact, aim, talent, piano, addition, disease, ache, treatment, satisfaction, being, metaphor, personification, repetition, simile, outline, reaction ,perform, enable, prove, award, rap, cure, aim, assume, ache, lean, outline,stringed, virtual, ordinary, original, gradual, capable, previous, unemployed, romantic, various, rhetorical,altogether, thus, nowadays, moreover, somehow 短语 fall in love with, from time to time, set up, in addition to, get through, 句型 while引导时间状语从句, since用法, 时间状语从句的省略, have+宾语+宾补 语法 限制性定语从句(2) 写作 有关英语学习问题的博客 考点1. refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅 Pronouns(it,they,she,etc. ) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词 (它、他们、她等)指的是先前提到的某物或某人。 用法归纳 refer to. . .  as   . . . 把……称为…… 词汇拓展 reference n. 说到(或写到)的事;参考 reference book参考书 特别提醒 refer to 和look up都有“查阅”的意思,但是refer to后跟查阅的工具作宾语,look up后跟查阅的内容作宾语。 refer to a dictionary查字典 look up the word查单词 【经典练】 My English teacher always referred to me as “that clever boy”. 我的英语老师总是称我为“那个聪明的男孩儿”。 If you don't know the exact meaning of the word,you may refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这个词的确切意思,你可以查词典。 Her eyes were filled with tears when she referred to the sad past. 当她提到悲伤的过去时,她的眼睛里充满了泪水。 考点2. based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language. 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 用法归纳 (be) based  on    . . . 以……为基础 词汇拓展 ①base vt. 以……为据点;把(总部等)设在…… n. 底部;根据;基础 base A on B A以B为根据/基础 base. . . in. . . 以……为据点;把(总部等)设在…… •You should base your conclusion on careful research instead of personal experience. 你的结论应该基于仔细的研究,而不是个人经验。 ②basis n. 基础;准则;方式;原因 on the basis of. . . 在……的基础上;因为…… •Differences and problems among countries need to be handled on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 各国之间的分歧和问题需要在平等和相互尊重的基础上处理。 ③basic adj. 基本的;基础的 ④basically adv. 基本上 【经典练】 Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. 主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。 考点3. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 . . . leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……导致产生了许多种方言和文字。 用法归纳 ①a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的,不同种类的    ②the variety of. . .   ……的多样性    特别提醒 ①“a variety of+复数名词”作主语,表示“各种各样的……”,谓语动词常用复数形式,有 时也用单数形式。“varieties of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 ②varieties of前面可加修饰词,如many varieties of、ten varieties of。 ③“the variety of+复数名词”作主语,表示“……的多样性”,谓语动词用单数形式。 词汇拓展 ①various adj. 各种不同的;各种各样的 •We have overcome various difficulties and made great achievements in recent years. 近几年我们克服了各种各样的困难,取得了伟大的成就。 ②vary v. 改变;变化;相异 vary between A and B在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B在A到B之间变化 vary with. . . 随……变化 vary in. . . 在……方面不同 【经典练】 All languages change over time and vary from place to place. 所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化,并且因地而异。 The variety of the activities in the club is amazing. 俱乐部里活动的多样性让人惊讶。 We are excited to hear that a variety of/varieties of activities are going to be held in our school. 听说我们学校将举办各种各样的活动,我们很兴奋。(写作—学校生活) 考点4. major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;专业;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. . . 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国,使它们形成了一个统一的国家…… 用法归纳 major in    . . . 主修…… 词汇拓展 majority n. 大部分;大多数 the majority of. . . 大多数…… in a/the majority占大多数 •When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that it is of great importance. 说到教育,大部分人认为它很重要。 特别提醒 ①“the majority of+复数名词/集合名词”作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。 ②当the majority单独使用作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调众多的个体,谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 Many students major in martial arts in Chengdu. This major can help spread Chinese culture. 在成都许多学生主修武术。这个专业能帮助传播中国文化。 考点5. means n. 方式;方法;途径 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 书面汉语也已成为一种连接中国的现在与过去的重要手段。 用法归纳 ①a means of (doing). . . (做)……的方式 ②by means of  . . . 依靠……方法;借助……手段 ③by  no    means绝不,一点也不 ④by all means可以,当然行,没问题 特别提醒 ①means为单复数同形的单词,其复数形式为means。作主语时,被every、 each等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;被all、 several、 many等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ②by no means置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 【经典练】 By no means can we damage the environment to develop the economy. 我们绝不能为了发展经济而破坏环境。 Nowadays many people travel across China by means of high-speed trains. 现在许多人乘高铁在中国旅行。 Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution. . . 塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源……  考点6. regard n. 尊重;关注;[pl. ]问候(用于信函结尾) vt. 把……视为;看待 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form. . . 中国人对汉字书写体系推崇备至,这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式……  用法归纳 名① in/with    regard to关于;至于 ②have high/great regard for. . . 非常尊敬/敬佩…… ③give sb. one's regards代某人向某人问候(用于信函结尾) 动④regard sb. /sth.  as   . . . 认为某人/某物是…… ⑤as regards sb. /sth. 关于/至于某人/某物 【经典练】 In/With regard to the matter you mentioned in your letter,my suggestion is having a healthy diet. 关于你在信中提到的问题,我的建议是要有健康的饮食。 I treasure the friendship very much,and I regard the friendship as part of my life. 我非常珍惜这份友谊,并且我认为这份友谊是我生活的一部分。 考点7. appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值 . . . an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法归纳 ①appreciate(+n. /pron. /one's+) doing  sth. 感激(某物/某人)做某事 ②I would appreciate  it   if. . . 假如……,我将不胜感激。 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 欣赏;感激 in appreciation of为感谢…… 【经典练】 I appreciated your helping me during my stay here as an exchange student. 我感激你在我作为交换生在这里停留的时间里给我的帮助。 I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are free in advance. 如果你提前让我知道你是否有空,我将感激不尽。 考点8. struggle n. & vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 When I started studying German,it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时,那是困难的事。 用法归纳 ①struggle with/against    . . . 与……作斗争 ②struggle to do   sth. 努力做某事;挣扎着做某事 ③struggle for  . . . 努力争取……;为……而奋斗 ④struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 【经典练】 For several days we struggled with/against the wind and waves. 我们与风浪斗争了好几天。 The workers have struggled for better working conditions for a long time. 工人们已经为更好的工作条件奋斗了很长时间了。 This was the first time I struggled to learn a song. . . 这是我第一次努力学一首歌……  考点9. equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的 v. 与……相等;比得上;等同于 . . . our relationship is close and we're equals. . . ……我们的关系很亲密,我们是同等的人……  用法归纳 名①have no    equal=be without equal无与伦比,无敌 形②be equal to    . . . 能胜任……;与……相等 ③be equal in. . . 在……方面相等/相同 动④A equal(s) B A等同于B;A与B相等 词汇拓展 ①equally adv. 平等地;同样地;在相同的程度上 •Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 长久友谊的共同特点是双方同样地互相联系和分享。 ②equality n. 均等,平等;相等 ③unequal adj. 不平等的;不相等的;不胜任的 【经典练】 As is known to us all,in spelling she has no equal/is without equal. 众所周知,在拼写方面她无人能及。 I don't think he is equal to this kind of work. 我认为他不能胜任这种工作。 考点10. demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问 . . . I must make it a question,not a demand. . . ……我必须把它变成一个问题,而不是一个要求……  用法归纳 名① in  demand需求大;被需要 ②on demand一经要求 ③meet/satisfy one's demand(s) for. . .  满足某人对……的需求    动④demand to do   sth. 强烈要求做某事 ⑤demand+that从句 要求……(从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“ (should+)动词原形  ”。) 词汇拓展 demanding adj. 要求高的;难度大的 Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says. 她说,像跑步一样,竞走对身体的要求很高。 【经典练】 With the advance in technology,the artificial intelligence(AI) products become in demand. 随着科技的进步,人工智能产品变得很抢手。 More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 为了满足对清洁能源的需求,更多的风力发电站将会迅速出现。 The police demanded to check their identity cards. 警方坚决要求查看他们的身份证。 The manager demanded that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time. 经理要求工人们努力工作以提前完成任务。 考点11. relate vt. 联系;讲述 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗?  用法归纳 ①relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 ②relate. . .  to    . . . 把……和……联系起来;向……讲述…… 词汇拓展 ①related adj. 相关的;有(亲属)关系的 •I'm very happy to share something that is related to traditional Chinese culture. 我很高兴分享一些与中国传统文化相关的东西。(写作—中国传统文化) ②relation n. 关系;联系;亲属 in relation to 关于;与……相比 ③relative adj. 相对的,相关联的 n. 亲戚,亲属 ④relatively adv. 相对地 relatively speaking相对而言 【经典练】 He related the facts of the case to journalists. 他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。 It is difficult to relate the result to climate. 很难把这个结果和气候联系起来。 考点12. be of+抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那个书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一非常重要。 用法归纳 ①be of+抽象名词=be+ 形容词   (常见的这类抽象名词有importance、value、help、use、significance等)。 ②of的后面通常会有great/little/much等词来表示程度。 【经典练】 The new dictionary will be of great value(=be greatly valuable) to my study. 这本新字典对我的学习将会很有用。 考点13. the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . 越……(就)越…… It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼,我对一门语言了解的越多,我的大脑就会越发达。 用法归纳 ①“the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . ”意为“越……(就)越……”,表示后者随着前者的变化而变化,the用在 形容词  或 副词  的比较级前。 ②通常情况下,前一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于条件状语从句,后一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于主句,在表示将来意义时,相当于从句的部分常用 一般现在时   表示将来。 ③在“the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . ”结构中,有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分,特别是在谚语、俗语中。通常是省略be动词或主语为it时的主语和谓语。 结构拓展 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”;如果是多音节形容词或副词,则用“more and more+形容词或副词原级”。 【经典练】 With the summer coming,the day is becoming longer and longer. 随着夏天的到来,白天变得越来越长。 The harder you work,the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。 The more people are involved,the better the ocean environment will be. 参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。 1. 语法精讲 限制性定语从句(2) 一、关系副词 情景导学 I still remember the day when I was awarded the prize. 我还记得我获奖的那天。 The farm where they work is not far from here. 他们工作的那个农场离这里不远。 We have reached a point where nothing can be done. 我们已经到了无能为力的地步了。 He didn't tell me the reason why he was so upset. 他没有告诉我他如此心烦意乱的原因。 用法归纳 1. 定语从句的关系副词有三大作用: (1)引导作用:引导定语从句。 (2)包含作用:在意义上,关系副词等于“介词+先行词”;在结构上,每个关系副词都可以转换为“① 介词  +which”。 (3)成分作用:因为是副词,所以它们都在定语从句中充当② 状语   ,三个常见的关系副词对应三种状语。 2. 三个常见的关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 在定语从句中作的成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 3. where引导定语从句的特殊用法 where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点, 如reach a point where. . . (到达……的地步)、in a case where. . . (在……的情况下)、 in an activity where. . . (在……的活动中)、in a situation where. . . (在……的情况下)、 in the job where. . . (在……的工作中)。 二、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句 用法归纳1 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。“介词+ which”有时可以替代③ when  、④ where   、why;“介词+whom”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系副词可替代。 【经典练】 I'll never forget the days on which(=when)we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。 This is the town in which(=where)Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。 There's no reason for which(=why)we shouldn't be friends. 我们没有理由不成为朋友。 In the street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn. 在大街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。 用法归纳2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与⑤ 动词  或形容词的固定搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为we might argue about the subject for a long while,故介词选择about。 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能会长时间争论的话题。 特别提醒 有些含有介词的动词短语不能拆开,从而不能将介词提到关系代词前面构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,比如look for、look after、take care of等。 The patient whom/who my sister is looking after is getting better. (√) The patient after whom my sister is looking is getting better. (×) 我姐姐正在照顾的那个病人正在好转。 用法归纳3 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与⑥ 先行词  的搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为she said goodbye to me on that day,故介词选择on。 I'll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我告别的那一天。 用法归纳4 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介 词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为we cannot live without the colorless gas,故介词选择without。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种没有它我们就无法生存的无色的气体被称为氧气。 即时巩固 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.Some of our memories (are) funny,especially from the early years  when   our children were little. 2. The reason  why    I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 3. This is the camera with    which he often takes photos. 4. Creating a relaxing atmosphere  where   employees are less scared to state their views is a big challenge. 5. We'll go to meet the famous singer about  whom  we often talk. 6. The old man became very worried,unable to find a man  to    whom he could turn for help. 7. He will always remember the day  on    which his father returned from Beijing. 8. The main reason  for   which he lost his job was that he often drank. 二.写作精讲 语言学习 写作题目   假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 思路点拨 主题 书法 体裁 应用文 布局 第一段:介绍写信的目的; 第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给他鼓励和信心; 第三段:表达祝愿。 人称 以第二、三人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.     n.书法  2.     prep.尽管  3.      汉字   4.      不论谁   5.      在……方面起着重要作用  6.      在……上有困难  答案 1.calligraphy 2.despite 3.Chinese character 4.no matter who 5.play an important role in... 6.have trouble with... Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:介绍写信的目的 (1)知道你在中国书法的学习上有困难,我很难过。 I'm sorry to know that you are              the study of Chinese calligraphy.  第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给他鼓励和信心 (2)由于它要求很高,甚至许多中国人都觉得用毛笔写字很难。 As it is    , even many Chinese feel                    with a writing brush.  (3)尽管如此,学习书写精美的汉字也是非常重要的。          , it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters.  (4)学习中国书法在了解中国文化和历史方面起着重要的作用。 Learning Chinese calligraphy                         learning about Chinese culture and history.  (5)不管你是谁,如果你想成为一位大师,首先你要有耐心。                         , if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient.  (6)其次,坚持练习。通过多加练习,你会取得更大的进步。 And second, stick to practice.You will               by practicing more.  答案 (1)having trouble with (2)demanding;it hard to write (3)Despite this (4)plays an important role in (5)No matter who you are (6)make greater progress 2.句式升级 (7)用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”改写句(6)                                答案 (7)And second, stick to practice. The more you practice, the greater progress you will make. 连句成篇                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             参考范文 Dear Mike,  I'm sorry to know that you are having trouble with the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it. In fact, you are not alone. As it is demanding, even many Chinese feel it hard to write with a writing brush. Despite this, it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters. Learning Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in learning about Chinese culture and history. No matter who you are, if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient. And second, stick to practice. The more you practice,the greater progress you will make. Believe in yourself and you can make it. Best wishes!  Yours, Li Hua  写作积累 1.常用短语 give sb. some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议 official language官方语言 make mistakes犯错误 communicate with sb. in English/Chinese用英语/中文与某人交流 written/spoken/oral English书面英语/英语口语 keep a diary in English用英语写日记 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在做某事方面有困难   2.常用句式 First of all, I think we should memorize as many words as possible.首先,我认为我们应该记住尽可能多的单词。 What's more, we can also do some listening exercises.另外,我们还可以做一些听力练习。 Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing.记日记是一个提高写作水平的有效方法。 实战演练 (2023湖北襄阳五中模拟) 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在寒假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括: 1.宽慰对方;2.提出建议;3.期待收获。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             One possible version: Dear Tom, I feel sorry to learn that you are concerned about communicating in Chinese, so I'm writing to offer you some suggestions. Knowing that speaking a foreign language requires courage, you're supposed to take it easy and never shy away from your confusion. Besides, proper gestures allow smoother communication, which can generally show your ideas together with what you say. I do hope my proposal could be practical and I believe you'll gain a lot from your exchange study in China. Wish you good luck. Yours, Li Hua 1.重点词汇 ①be concerned about...对……担忧 ②be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 ③proposal n.建议 2.亮点句型 ①Besides, proper gestures allow smoother communication, which can generally show your ideas together with what you say.(which引导非限制性定语从句;what引导together with后的宾语从句)此外,适当的手势可以让沟通更顺畅,它们通常可以和你所说的话一起表明你的想法。  ②I do hope my proposal could be practical and I believe you'll gain a lot from your exchange study in China.(对谓语动词进行强调)我真的希望我的建议是切实可行的,我相信你会从在中国的交流学习中收获良多。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Languages Around the World 话题 语言学习 词汇 hip-hop, techno, energy, soul, bagpipes, composition, opportunity, performance, performer, studio, award, composer, conductor, original, phenomenon, stage, band, rap, relief, cure, romantic, album, impact, aim, talent, piano, addition, disease, ache, treatment, satisfaction, being, metaphor, personification, repetition, simile, outline, reaction ,perform, enable, prove, award, rap, cure, aim, assume, ache, lean, outline,stringed, virtual, ordinary, original, gradual, capable, previous, unemployed, romantic, various, rhetorical,altogether, thus, nowadays, moreover, somehow 短语 fall in love with, from time to time, set up, in addition to, get through, 句型 while引导时间状语从句, since用法, 时间状语从句的省略, have+宾语+宾补 语法 限制性定语从句(2) 写作 有关英语学习问题的博客 考点1. refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅 Pronouns(it,they,she,etc. ) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词 (它、他们、她等)指的是先前提到的某物或某人。 用法归纳 refer to. . .      . . . 把……称为…… 词汇拓展    n. 说到(或写到)的事;参考       参考书 特别提醒 refer to 和look up都有“查阅”的意思,但是refer to后跟查阅的工具作宾语,look up后跟查阅的内容作宾语。 refer to a dictionary查字典 look up the word查单词 【经典练】 My English teacher always    to me as “that clever boy”. 我的英语老师总是称我为“那个聪明的男孩儿”。 If you don't know the exact meaning of the word,you may    to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这个词的确切意思,你可以查词典。 Her eyes were filled with tears when she    to the sad past. 当她提到悲伤的过去时,她的眼睛里充满了泪水。 考点2. based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language. 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 用法归纳 (be) based        . . . 以……为基础 词汇拓展 ①   vt. 以……为据点;把(总部等)设在…… n. 底部;根据;基础        A以B为根据/基础       . 以……为据点;把(总部等)设在…… •You should base your conclusion on careful research instead of personal experience. 你的结论应该基于仔细的研究,而不是个人经验。 ②   n. 基础;准则;方式;原因        . . 在……的基础上;因为…… •Differences and problems among countries need to be handled on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 各国之间的分歧和问题需要在平等和相互尊重的基础上处理。 ③   adj. 基本的;基础的 ④   adv. 基本上 【经典练】 Active learners do not judge people    on first impressions or personal feelings. 主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。 考点3. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 . . . leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……导致产生了许多种方言和文字。 用法归纳 ①a variety of=varieties of       ②the variety of. . .          特别提醒 ①“a variety of+复数名词”作主语,表示“各种各样的……”,谓语动词常用复数形式,有 时也用单数形式。“varieties of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 ②varieties of前面可加修饰词,如many varieties of、ten varieties of。 ③“the variety of+复数名词”作主语,表示“……的多样性”,谓语动词用单数形式。 词汇拓展 ①   adj. 各种不同的;各种各样的 •We have overcome various difficulties and made great achievements in recent years. 近几年我们克服了各种各样的困难,取得了伟大的成就。 ②   v. 改变;变化;相异       在A和B之间变化       在A到B之间变化       随……变化       在……方面不同 【经典练】 All languages change over time and    from place to place. 所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化,并且因地而异。 The    of the activities in the club is amazing. 俱乐部里活动的多样性让人惊讶。 We are excited to hear that a    of activities are going to be held in our school. 听说我们学校将举办各种各样的活动,我们很兴奋。(写作—学校生活) 考点4. major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;专业;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. . . 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国,使它们形成了一个统一的国家…… 用法归纳 major        . . . 主修…… 词汇拓展    n. 大部分;大多数       . 大多数……       占大多数 •When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that it is of great importance. 说到教育,大部分人认为它很重要。 特别提醒 ①“the majority of+复数名词/集合名词”作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。 ②当the majority单独使用作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调众多的个体,谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 Many students    in martial arts in Chengdu. This    can help spread Chinese culture. 在成都许多学生主修武术。这个专业能帮助传播中国文化。 考点5. means n. 方式;方法;途径 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 书面汉语也已成为一种连接中国的现在与过去的重要手段。 用法归纳 ①a means of (doing). . . (做)……的方式 ②by means     . . . 依靠……方法;借助……手段 ③by         means绝不,一点也不 ④by all means可以,当然行,没问题 特别提醒 ①means为单复数同形的单词,其复数形式为means。作主语时,被every、 each等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;被all、 several、 many等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ②by no means置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 【经典练】 By no    can we damage the environment to develop the economy. 我们绝不能为了发展经济而破坏环境。 Nowadays many people travel across China by    of high-speed trains. 现在许多人乘高铁在中国旅行。 Plastic straws are by no    the biggest source of plastic pollution. . . 塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源……  考点6. regard n. 尊重;关注;[pl. ]问候(用于信函结尾) vt. 把……视为;看待 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form. . . 中国人对汉字书写体系推崇备至,这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式……  用法归纳 名①       regard to关于;至于 ②have high/great regard for. . . 非常尊敬/敬佩…… ③give sb. one's regards代某人向某人问候(用于信函结尾) 动④regard sb. /sth.        . . . 认为某人/某物是…… ⑤as regards sb. /sth. 关于/至于某人/某物 【经典练】        the matter you mentioned in your letter,my suggestion is having a healthy diet. 关于你在信中提到的问题,我的建议是要有健康的饮食。 I treasure the friendship very much,and I    the friendship as part of my life. 我非常珍惜这份友谊,并且我认为这份友谊是我生活的一部分。 考点7. appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值 . . . an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法归纳 ①appreciate(+n. /pron. /one's+)    sth. 感激(某物/某人)做某事 ②I would appreciate        if. . . 假如……,我将不胜感激。 词汇拓展       n. 欣赏;感激       为感谢…… 【经典练】 I    your helping me during my stay here as an exchange student. 我感激你在我作为交换生在这里停留的时间里给我的帮助。 I'd    it if you let me know whether you are free in advance. 如果你提前让我知道你是否有空,我将感激不尽。 考点8. struggle n. & vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 When I started studying German,it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时,那是困难的事。 用法归纳 ①struggle         . . . 与……作斗争 ②struggle        sth. 努力做某事;挣扎着做某事 ③struggle        . . . 努力争取……;为……而奋斗 ④struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 【经典练】 For several days we struggled    the wind and waves. 我们与风浪斗争了好几天。 The workers have struggled    better working conditions for a long time. 工人们已经为更好的工作条件奋斗了很长时间了。 This was the first time I struggled    learn a song. . . 这是我第一次努力学一首歌……  考点9. equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的 v. 与……相等;比得上;等同于 . . . our relationship is close and we're equals. . . ……我们的关系很亲密,我们是同等的人……  用法归纳 名①have        equal=be without equal无与伦比,无敌 形②be equal      . . . 能胜任……;与……相等 ③be equal in. . . 在……方面相等/相同 动④A equal(s) B A等同于B;A与B相等 词汇拓展 ①   adv. 平等地;同样地;在相同的程度上 •Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 长久友谊的共同特点是双方同样地互相联系和分享。 ②   n. 均等,平等;相等 ③   adj. 不平等的;不相等的;不胜任的 【经典练】 As is known to us all,in spelling she has no    /is without equal. 众所周知,在拼写方面她无人能及。 I don't think he is    to this kind of work. 我认为他不能胜任这种工作。 考点10. demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问 . . . I must make it a question,not a demand. . . ……我必须把它变成一个问题,而不是一个要求……  用法归纳 名①      demand需求大;被需要 ②on demand一经要求 ③meet/satisfy one's demand(s) for. . .            动④demand          sth. 强烈要求做某事 ⑤demand+that从句 要求……(从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“ (should+)动词原形  ”。) 词汇拓展    adj. 要求高的;难度大的 Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says. 她说,像跑步一样,竞走对身体的要求很高。 【经典练】 With the advance in technology,the artificial intelligence(AI) products become    . 随着科技的进步,人工智能产品变得很抢手。 More wind power stations will spring up to meet the    clean energy. 为了满足对清洁能源的需求,更多的风力发电站将会迅速出现。 The police    to check their identity cards. 警方坚决要求查看他们的身份证。 The manager    that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time. 经理要求工人们努力工作以提前完成任务。 考点11. relate vt. 联系;讲述 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗?  用法归纳 ①relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 ②relate. . .         . . . 把……和……联系起来;向……讲述…… 词汇拓展 ①   adj. 相关的;有(亲属)关系的 •I'm very happy to share something that is related to traditional Chinese culture. 我很高兴分享一些与中国传统文化相关的东西。(写作—中国传统文化) ②   n. 关系;联系;亲属 i      关于;与……相比 ③   adj. 相对的,相关联的 n. 亲戚,亲属 ④   adv. 相对地       相对而言 【经典练】 He    the facts of the case to journalists. 他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。 It is difficult to    the result to climate. 很难把这个结果和气候联系起来。 考点12. be of+抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那个书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一非常重要。 用法归纳 ①be of+抽象名词=be+ 形容词   (常见的这类抽象名词有importance、value、help、use、significance等)。 ②of的后面通常会有great/little/much等词来表示程度。 【经典练】 The new dictionary will be of great value(=      ) to my study. 这本新字典对我的学习将会很有用。 考点13. the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . 越……(就)越…… It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼,我对一门语言了解的越多,我的大脑就会越发达。 用法归纳 ①“the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . ”意为“越……(就)越……”,表示后者随着前者的变化而变化,the用在 形容词  或 副词  的比较级前。 ②通常情况下,前一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于条件状语从句,后一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于主句,在表示将来意义时,相当于从句的部分常用 一般现在时   表示将来。 ③在“the+比较级. . . ,the+比较级. . . ”结构中,有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分,特别是在谚语、俗语中。通常是省略be动词或主语为it时的主语和谓语。 结构拓展 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”;如果是多音节形容词或副词,则用“more and more+形容词或副词原级”。 【经典练】 With the summer coming,the day is becoming       . 随着夏天的到来,白天变得越来越长。     you work,    progress you will make. 你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。    people are involved,    the ocean environment will be. 参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。 1. 语法精讲 限制性定语从句(2) 一、关系副词 情景导学 I still remember the day when I was awarded the prize. 我还记得我获奖的那天。 The farm where they work is not far from here. 他们工作的那个农场离这里不远。 We have reached a point where nothing can be done. 我们已经到了无能为力的地步了。 He didn't tell me the reason why he was so upset. 他没有告诉我他如此心烦意乱的原因。 用法归纳 1. 定语从句的关系副词有三大作用: (1)引导作用:引导定语从句。 (2)包含作用:在意义上,关系副词等于“介词+先行词”;在结构上,每个关系副词都可以转换为“① 介词  +which”。 (3)成分作用:因为是副词,所以它们都在定语从句中充当② 状语   ,三个常见的关系副词对应三种状语。 2. 三个常见的关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 在定语从句中作的成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 3. where引导定语从句的特殊用法 where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点, 如reach a point where. . . (到达……的地步)、in a case where. . . (在……的情况下)、 in an activity where. . . (在……的活动中)、in a situation where. . . (在……的情况下)、 in the job where. . . (在……的工作中)。 二、“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句 用法归纳1 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。“介词+ which”有时可以替代③ when  、④ where   、why;“介词+whom”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系副词可替代。 【经典练】 I'll never forget the days       we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。 This is the town       Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。 There's no reason       we shouldn't be friends. 我们没有理由不成为朋友。 In the street,there wasn't a single person   she could turn. 在大街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。 用法归纳2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与⑤ 动词  或形容词的固定搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为we might argue about the subject for a long while,故介词选择about。 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能会长时间争论的话题。 特别提醒 有些含有介词的动词短语不能拆开,从而不能将介词提到关系代词前面构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,比如look for、look after、take care of等。 The patient whom/who my sister is looking after is getting better. (√) The patient after whom my sister is looking is getting better. (×) 我姐姐正在照顾的那个病人正在好转。 用法归纳3 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与⑥ 先行词  的搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为she said goodbye to me on that day,故介词选择on。 I'll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我告别的那一天。 用法归纳4 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介 词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为we cannot live without the colorless gas,故介词选择without。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种没有它我们就无法生存的无色的气体被称为氧气。 即时巩固 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.Some of our memories (are) funny,especially from the early years     our children were little. 2. The reason     I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 3. This is the camera    which he often takes photos. 4. Creating a relaxing atmosphere     employees are less scared to state their views is a big challenge. 5. We'll go to meet the famous singer about     we often talk. 6. The old man became very worried,unable to find a man       whom he could turn for help. 7. He will always remember the day        which his father returned from Beijing. 8. The main reason        which he lost his job was that he often drank. 二.写作精讲 语言学习 写作题目   假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 思路点拨 主题 书法 体裁 应用文 布局 第一段:介绍写信的目的; 第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给他鼓励和信心; 第三段:表达祝愿。 人称 以第二、三人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.     n.书法  2.     prep.尽管  3.      汉字   4.      不论谁   5.      在……方面起着重要作用  6.      在……上有困难  Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:介绍写信的目的 (1)知道你在中国书法的学习上有困难,我很难过。 I'm sorry to know that you are              the study of Chinese calligraphy.  第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给他鼓励和信心 (2)由于它要求很高,甚至许多中国人都觉得用毛笔写字很难。 As it is    , even many Chinese feel                    with a writing brush.  (3)尽管如此,学习书写精美的汉字也是非常重要的。          , it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters.  (4)学习中国书法在了解中国文化和历史方面起着重要的作用。 Learning Chinese calligraphy                         learning about Chinese culture and history.  (5)不管你是谁,如果你想成为一位大师,首先你要有耐心。                         , if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient.  (6)其次,坚持练习。通过多加练习,你会取得更大的进步。 And second, stick to practice.You will               by practicing more.  答案 (1)having trouble with (2)demanding;it hard to write (3)Despite this (4)plays an important role in (5)No matter who you are (6)make greater progress 2.句式升级 (7)用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”改写句(6)                                连句成篇                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1.常用短语 give sb. some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议 official language官方语言 make mistakes犯错误 communicate with sb. in English/Chinese用英语/中文与某人交流 written/spoken/oral English书面英语/英语口语 keep a diary in English用英语写日记 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在做某事方面有困难   2.常用句式 First of all, I think we should memorize as many words as possible.首先,我认为我们应该记住尽可能多的单词。 What's more, we can also do some listening exercises.另外,我们还可以做一些听力练习。 Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing.记日记是一个提高写作水平的有效方法。 实战演练 (2023湖北襄阳五中模拟) 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom将在寒假期间来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难,写信向你求助。请你用英语给Tom回信,内容包括: 1.宽慰对方;2.提出建议;3.期待收获。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1.重点词汇 ①be concerned about...对……担忧 ②be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 ③proposal n.建议 2.亮点句型 ①Besides, proper gestures allow smoother communication, which can generally show your ideas together with what you say.(which引导非限制性定语从句;what引导together with后的宾语从句)此外,适当的手势可以让沟通更顺畅,它们通常可以和你所说的话一起表明你的想法。  ②I do hope my proposal could be practical and I believe you'll gain a lot from your exchange study in China.(对谓语动词进行强调)我真的希望我的建议是切实可行的,我相信你会从在中国的交流学习中收获良多。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 5 Languages Around the World【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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Unit 5 Languages Around the World【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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Unit 5 Languages Around the World【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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