Unit 4 Natural Disasters【单元测试 · 基础卷】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 4 Natural Disasters【单元测试 · 基础卷】 课内知识检测（104分） 1.核心单词（24分） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.　　　　 n.灾难;灾害  2.　　　　 n.旱灾;久旱  3.　　　　 n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没  4.　　　　 n.& vt.营救;救援  5.　　　　 vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失  6.　　　　 vt.摧毁;毁灭  7.　　　　 vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动  8.　　　　 n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)  9.　　　　 n.& vt.破坏;毁坏  10.　　　　 n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中  11.　　　　 n.电;电能  12.　　　　 vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱  13.　　　　 vt.埋葬;安葬  14.　　　　 n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力  15.　　　　 n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 vt.供应;供给  16.　　　　 n.突发事件;紧急情况  17.　　　　 adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静  18.　　　　 n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助  19.　　　　 vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞  20.　　　　 vt.& vi.(swept, swept)打扫;清扫  21.　　　　 n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手  22.　　　　 vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击   23.　　　　 vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表  24.　　　　 n.总结;概括;概要  2.拓展词汇（26分） 1.　　　　 n.死;死亡→　　　　 v.死亡;凋谢;消亡→　　　　 adj.死的;枯萎的  2.　　　　 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→　　　　 adj.令人震惊的→ 　　　　 adj.感到震惊的  3.　　　　 vi.& vt.呼吸→　　　　 n.呼吸  4.　　　　 vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒→　　　　 n.振兴;复苏  5.　　　　 n.智慧;才智→　　　　 adj.明智的;聪明的  6.　　　　 vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→　　　　 n.苦难;痛苦  7.　　　　 vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→　　　　 n.爆发;喷发  8.　　　　 vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→　　　　 n.生存,幸存;残存物→　　　　 n.幸存者;生还者  9.　　　　 n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→　　　　 adj.力量大的;强有力的  10.　　　　 n.影响;结果;效果→　　　　 adj.有效的  11.　　　　 n.长;长度→　　　　 adj.长的;长期的→　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)变长  3.重点短语（28分） 1.　　　　　　火山喷发  2.　　　　　　谈及;参考;涉及  3.　　　　　　升升降降,起起伏伏  4.　　　　　　像往常一样;照例  5.　　　　　　似乎;好像;仿佛  6.　　　　　　结束;终结  7.　　　　　　严重受损;破败不堪  8.　　　　　　数以千计的  9.　　　　　　吹走  10.　　　　　　数以百万计的  11.　　　　　　震惊;吃惊  12.　　　　　　患……病;受……苦  13.　　　　　　经历;检查  14.　　　　　　露天;在户外  15.　　　　　　轮流做某事  16.　　　　　　急救箱  17.　　　　　　现有(尤指帮助)  18.　　　　　　消灭;彻底消除  19.　　　　　　至少  20.　　　　　　……的数量  21.　　　　　　执行;实施;完成  22.　　　　　　为……做准备  23.set up　　　　　  24.dig out　　　　　  25.get up on one's feet　　　　　  26.first of all　　　　　  27.stay away from　　　　　  28.make sure　　　　　  4.经典句子结构（26分） 1.至少有一口水井冒出臭气。 At least one well 　　　　some smelly gas 　　　　 　　　　of it.   2.鸡甚至猪都太焦躁而不吃食,狗拒绝进入屋内。 Chickens and even pigs were 　　　　nervous 　　　　eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.  3.似乎世界末日即将来临! 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the world were coming to an end!  4.水、食物和电都很难弄到。 Water, food, and electricity　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　.  5.工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes 　　　　 　　　　　　　　.  6.准备一个急救箱也是非常重要的。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 is also very important.  7.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时海水开始涌进我的家里。 I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　with my three children 　　　　water started filling my home.  8.然而,危险的环境和受损的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难。 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to deliver food and supplies.  课内知识拓展检测（46分） 一、单词拼写（10分） 1. Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding (避难所) before they can pursue entertainment and recreation. 2. The small action of littering may lead to (灾难) for small animals and their living environment. 3. Due to the (旱灾) in Southwest China, millions of people had to carry water from far away places. 4. The news of the (火山爆发) in Indonesia is being broadcast and I want to listen. 5. What I learn about this violence is that it has caused at least three (死亡). 6. While I was cooking supper, the (电) went off. 7. Please write me a of this report. 8. As we all know, fish cannot b out of water. 9. Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the e aid immediately the traffic accident occurred. 10. The driver who died in the accident could have s , but he was sent to hospital too late. 二、单项选择（10分） 11. A few weeks later, the first buildings ______ had been damaged were repaired. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 12. Anything _____ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 13. Past winners of the Nobel Prize in physics, _____ has now been awarded 210 times, have been honored for their important discoveries. A. who B. what C. that D. which 14. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those _____ are bold in struggling. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 15. The helicopter arrived on the scene quickly to the survivors. A. keep B. rescue C. shake D. protect 16. The U.S. state of California has _______ a heavy flood for a whole week since June, which brought dangerous conditions to many Californians. A. affected B. contained C. suffered D. ruined 17. Jackson is cheerful about his life ________ he is suffering from cancer. A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since 18. —Haven’t you heard the news? —What news? —Some of the workers are on ________ march while others on ________ strike. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 19. The _____ of the harmful chemicals on the world’s lakes and oceans has raised awareness of the public. A. effect B. effort C. donation D. distribution 20. A new study shows older men ________ a lack of deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. A. suffering for B. who is suffering C. who suffer from D. who suffer to 三、翻译（10分） 21.如果你想通过考试，你就得专心学习。（bury） _______________________________________________________________________________ 22.看到医生的账单我很震惊。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 23.如果你举起那只箱子，你会受伤的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 24.那个城市现在成了一片废墟。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 25.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。（think...of） _______________________________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（6分） On a cold winter day, many years ago, a French art teacher named Pierre Chevalier got on a train in Lyon to go to Paris. When he started his journey, he didn’t know that it was the beginning of almost 40 years of accidents and near death experiences. During the journey, the train fell into an icy river, killing 12 passengers. Chevalier managed to swim back to the river bank. He only had a broken leg. Two years later, Chevalier was on a plane from Paris to Moscow when a door suddenly opened and he fell out. A few minutes later, the plane crashed(坠毁); 27 people were killed. Chevalier was so lucky that he landed in a haystack(干草堆). A few years later, he was hit by a bus, but again had no serious injuries. Then a year after that, he was driving on a mountain road when he saw a truck coming straight at him. He drove the car off the road, jumped out, landed in a tree—and watched his car fall 100 metres down the mountain. “There are two ways you can look at it,” Chevalier said. “I’m either the world’s unluckiest man, or the world’s luckiest.” When a reporter asked Chevalier what he thought, he chose the “luckiest” one. Two years ago, aged 71, Chevalier bought his first lottery ticket(彩票) in 50 years and won more than 2 million. After this, a TV company in America said they wanted him to make an advertisement. At first he accepted, but then he changed his mind. Chevalier said he wouldn’t fly to Los Angeles for the filming, because he didn’t want to push his luck. Who knows? If he had accepted the invitation, maybe he would have had another accident. But Mr. Chevalier is a lucky man. If he’d had another accident, he probably would have survived that too! 26. In the train accident many years ago, Chevalier ________. A. didn’t get injured at all B. was lucky enough to be alive C. was finally pulled out of the river D. was the only passenger to survive 27. Why did Chevalier refuse to make the advertisement? A. Because he had won €2 million. B. Because he didn’t want to leave home. C. Because he didn’t want to risk his life. D. Because he didn’t like the TV company. 28. The text mainly talks about ________. A. a man with nine lives B. the unluckiest man in the world C. a man who traveled around the world D. a man who earned €2 million in a lottery 五、语法填空（10分） The Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院) fire It feels as though the very heart of France and the soul of Europe have been broken. The fire of Notre Dame in Paris 29 Monday evening was an act of blind and terrible destruction, 30 (cause) great emotional pains to us all. We all share France’s terrible loss. The fire struck 31 (quick) and uncontrollably. It gathered force with huge power. Much of the roof and the central building caught fire. After an hour or so, the Paris firefighters were able 32 (get) part of the fire under some degree of control and to protect other 33 (part) of the building that may survive. As night 34 (fall), the great west towers still stood against the sky, proud but hurt. The Notre Dame is the symbol of the French capital and of France itself. It 35 (be) in its place since the 12th century. It is world famous not simply as a Parisian building but through the 36 (write) of Victor Hugo, 37 made the building itself come alive in his novel Hunchback of Notre Dame. We believe the Dame will rise again in time. This terrible fire is not an event that should 38 (ignore) or quickly forgotten. We stand with France in its hour of heartbreak. We will never, ever, turn away. $$Unit 4 Natural Disasters【单元测试 · 基础卷】 课内知识检测（104分） 1.核心单词（24分） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.　　　　 n.灾难;灾害  2.　　　　 n.旱灾;久旱  3.　　　　 n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没  4.　　　　 n.& vt.营救;救援  5.　　　　 vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失  6.　　　　 vt.摧毁;毁灭  7.　　　　 vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动  8.　　　　 n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)  9.　　　　 n.& vt.破坏;毁坏  10.　　　　 n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中  11.　　　　 n.电;电能  12.　　　　 vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱  13.　　　　 vt.埋葬;安葬  14.　　　　 n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力  15.　　　　 n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 vt.供应;供给  16.　　　　 n.突发事件;紧急情况  17.　　　　 adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静  18.　　　　 n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助  19.　　　　 vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞  20.　　　　 vt.& vi.(swept, swept)打扫;清扫  21.　　　　 n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手  22.　　　　 vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击   23.　　　　 vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表  24.　　　　 n.总结;概括;概要  1.disaster　2.drought　3.flood　4.rescue　5.damage　6.destroy7.affect　8.shelter　9.ruin　10.percent　11.electricity　12.trap　13.bury14.effort　15.supply　16.emergency　17.calm　18.aid　19.crash20.sweep　21.wave　22.strike　23.deliver　24.summary 2.拓展词汇（26分） 1.　　　　 n.死;死亡→　　　　 v.死亡;凋谢;消亡→　　　　 adj.死的;枯萎的  2.　　　　 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→　　　　 adj.令人震惊的→ 　　　　 adj.感到震惊的  3.　　　　 vi.& vt.呼吸→　　　　 n.呼吸  4.　　　　 vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒→　　　　 n.振兴;复苏  5.　　　　 n.智慧;才智→　　　　 adj.明智的;聪明的  6.　　　　 vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→　　　　 n.苦难;痛苦  7.　　　　 vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→　　　　 n.爆发;喷发  8.　　　　 vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→　　　　 n.生存,幸存;残存物→　　　　 n.幸存者;生还者  9.　　　　 n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→　　　　 adj.力量大的;强有力的  10.　　　　 n.影响;结果;效果→　　　　 adj.有效的  11.　　　　 n.长;长度→　　　　 adj.长的;长期的→　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)变长  1.death;die;dead　2.shock;shocking;shocked　3.breathe;breath4.revive;revival　5.wisdom;wise　6.suffer;suffering7.erupt;eruption8.survive;survival;survivor9.power;powerful　10.effect;effective11.length;long;lengthen 3.重点短语（28分） 1.　　　　　　火山喷发  2.　　　　　　谈及;参考;涉及  3.　　　　　　升升降降,起起伏伏  4.　　　　　　像往常一样;照例  5.　　　　　　似乎;好像;仿佛  6.　　　　　　结束;终结  7.　　　　　　严重受损;破败不堪  8.　　　　　　数以千计的  9.　　　　　　吹走  10.　　　　　　数以百万计的  11.　　　　　　震惊;吃惊  12.　　　　　　患……病;受……苦  13.　　　　　　经历;检查  14.　　　　　　露天;在户外  15.　　　　　　轮流做某事  16.　　　　　　急救箱  17.　　　　　　现有(尤指帮助)  18.　　　　　　消灭;彻底消除  19.　　　　　　至少  20.　　　　　　……的数量  21.　　　　　　执行;实施;完成  22.　　　　　　为……做准备  23.set up　　　　　  24.dig out　　　　　  25.get up on one's feet　　　　　  26.first of all　　　　　  27.stay away from　　　　　  28.make sure　　　　　  1.volcanic eruption　2.refer to　3.rise and fall　4.as usual　5.as if6.come to an end　7.in ruins　8.thousands of　9.blow away　10.millions of　11.in shock　12.suffer from　13.go through　14.in the open air15.take turns to do sth.　16.first aid kit　17.on hand　18.sweep away　19.at least　20.the number of...　21.carry out　22.prepare for...　23.建起;建立　24.挖出;挖掘　25.站起来　26.首先　27.远离　28.确保 4.经典句子结构（26分） 1.至少有一口水井冒出臭气。 At least one well 　　　　some smelly gas 　　　　 　　　　of it.   2.鸡甚至猪都太焦躁而不吃食,狗拒绝进入屋内。 Chickens and even pigs were 　　　　nervous 　　　　eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.  3.似乎世界末日即将来临! 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the world were coming to an end!  4.水、食物和电都很难弄到。 Water, food, and electricity　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　.  5.工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes 　　　　 　　　　　　　　.  6.准备一个急救箱也是非常重要的。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 is also very important.  7.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时海水开始涌进我的家里。 I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　with my three children 　　　　water started filling my home.  8.然而,危险的环境和受损的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难。 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to deliver food and supplies.  1.had;coming out　2.too;to　3.It seemed as if　4.were hard to get 5.had been destroyed　6.Having an emergency kit prepared　7.was having breakfast;when　8.make it difficult 课内知识拓展检测（46分） 一、单词拼写（10分） 1. Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding (避难所) before they can pursue entertainment and recreation. 2. The small action of littering may lead to (灾难) for small animals and their living environment. 3. Due to the (旱灾) in Southwest China, millions of people had to carry water from far away places. 4. The news of the (火山爆发) in Indonesia is being broadcast and I want to listen. 5. What I learn about this violence is that it has caused at least three (死亡). 6. While I was cooking supper, the (电) went off. 7. Please write me a of this report. 8. As we all know, fish cannot b out of water. 9. Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the e aid immediately the traffic accident occurred. 10. The driver who died in the accident could have s , but he was sent to hospital too late. 二、单项选择（10分） 11. A few weeks later, the first buildings ______ had been damaged were repaired. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 12. Anything _____ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 13. Past winners of the Nobel Prize in physics, _____ has now been awarded 210 times, have been honored for their important discoveries. A. who B. what C. that D. which 14. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those _____ are bold in struggling. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 15. The helicopter arrived on the scene quickly to the survivors. A. keep B. rescue C. shake D. protect 16. The U.S. state of California has _______ a heavy flood for a whole week since June, which brought dangerous conditions to many Californians. A. affected B. contained C. suffered D. ruined 17. Jackson is cheerful about his life ________ he is suffering from cancer. A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. ever since 18. —Haven’t you heard the news? —What news? —Some of the workers are on ________ march while others on ________ strike. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 19. The _____ of the harmful chemicals on the world’s lakes and oceans has raised awareness of the public. A. effect B. effort C. donation D. distribution 20. A new study shows older men ________ a lack of deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. A. suffering for B. who is suffering C. who suffer from D. who suffer to 三、翻译（10分） 21.如果你想通过考试，你就得专心学习。（bury） _______________________________________________________________________________ 22.看到医生的账单我很震惊。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 23.如果你举起那只箱子，你会受伤的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 24.那个城市现在成了一片废墟。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 25.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。（think...of） _______________________________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（6分） On a cold winter day, many years ago, a French art teacher named Pierre Chevalier got on a train in Lyon to go to Paris. When he started his journey, he didn’t know that it was the beginning of almost 40 years of accidents and near death experiences. During the journey, the train fell into an icy river, killing 12 passengers. Chevalier managed to swim back to the river bank. He only had a broken leg. Two years later, Chevalier was on a plane from Paris to Moscow when a door suddenly opened and he fell out. A few minutes later, the plane crashed(坠毁); 27 people were killed. Chevalier was so lucky that he landed in a haystack(干草堆). A few years later, he was hit by a bus, but again had no serious injuries. Then a year after that, he was driving on a mountain road when he saw a truck coming straight at him. He drove the car off the road, jumped out, landed in a tree—and watched his car fall 100 metres down the mountain. “There are two ways you can look at it,” Chevalier said. “I’m either the world’s unluckiest man, or the world’s luckiest.” When a reporter asked Chevalier what he thought, he chose the “luckiest” one. Two years ago, aged 71, Chevalier bought his first lottery ticket(彩票) in 50 years and won more than 2 million. After this, a TV company in America said they wanted him to make an advertisement. At first he accepted, but then he changed his mind. Chevalier said he wouldn’t fly to Los Angeles for the filming, because he didn’t want to push his luck. Who knows? If he had accepted the invitation, maybe he would have had another accident. But Mr. Chevalier is a lucky man. If he’d had another accident, he probably would have survived that too! 26. In the train accident many years ago, Chevalier ________. A. didn’t get injured at all B. was lucky enough to be alive C. was finally pulled out of the river D. was the only passenger to survive 27. Why did Chevalier refuse to make the advertisement? A. Because he had won €2 million. B. Because he didn’t want to leave home. C. Because he didn’t want to risk his life. D. Because he didn’t like the TV company. 28. The text mainly talks about ________. A. a man with nine lives B. the unluckiest man in the world C. a man who traveled around the world D. a man who earned €2 million in a lottery 五、语法填空（10分） The Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院) fire It feels as though the very heart of France and the soul of Europe have been broken. The fire of Notre Dame in Paris 29 Monday evening was an act of blind and terrible destruction, 30 (cause) great emotional pains to us all. We all share France’s terrible loss. The fire struck 31 (quick) and uncontrollably. It gathered force with huge power. Much of the roof and the central building caught fire. After an hour or so, the Paris firefighters were able 32 (get) part of the fire under some degree of control and to protect other 33 (part) of the building that may survive. As night 34 (fall), the great west towers still stood against the sky, proud but hurt. The Notre Dame is the symbol of the French capital and of France itself. It 35 (be) in its place since the 12th century. It is world famous not simply as a Parisian building but through the 36 (write) of Victor Hugo, 37 made the building itself come alive in his novel Hunchback of Notre Dame. We believe the Dame will rise again in time. This terrible fire is not an event that should 38 (ignore) or quickly forgotten. We stand with France in its hour of heartbreak. We will never, ever, turn away. 一、单词拼写 【答案】 1. shelter 2. disaster 3. drought 4. volcanic eruption 5. deaths 6. electricity 7. summary 8. breathe 9. emergency 10. survived 二、单项选择 11.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几周后，第一批受损的建筑物被修复。此处buildings是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，且序数词修饰先行词，用that引导定语从句，故选B项。 12.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何能找到的东西都已经被用来修理损坏的桥梁。句中先行词为anything，在定语从句中作主语，故只能用关系词that，故选B项。 13.【答案】D 【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：由于取得的重大发现，过去的诺贝尔物理学奖得主被授予荣誉称号。该奖项截止目前已经颁发了210次。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词the Nobel Prize in physics在从句 _____ has now been awarded 210 times中充当主语，故用关系代词，而在非限制性定语从句中不能使用that，故用which。故选D项。 14.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：机会和运气总是青睐那些敢于奋斗的人。先行词those指代人，在从句 _____ are bold in struggling中充当主语，应用关系代词who/that，但先行词是those时为了避免重复，不用that。故选A项。 15.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：直升飞机迅速赶到现场营救幸存者。A. keep：保持；B. rescue：营救；C. shake：摇动；D. protect：保护。根据on the scene“在现场”和survivors“幸存者”，可知这里指“营救”人。故选B。 16.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：美国加利福尼亚州自6月以来连续一周遭遇特大洪水，置许多当地人于危险境地。A. affected：受影响；B. contained：包括；C. suffered：忍受，遭受；D. ruined：毁灭。根据句意，遭遇了特大洪灾。故选C项。 17.【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。A. even if：即使，虽然；B. as long as：只要；C. as if：似乎，好像；D. ever since：从那时起。句意：虽然杰克逊身患癌症，但他对生活很乐观。两句之间是让步关系，故选A。 18.【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语。on the march：在行军，在游行；on strike：在罢工。故选B。 19.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：有害化学物质对世界湖泊和海洋的影响提高了公众（对于环保）的意识。A. effect：影响；B. effort：努力；C. donation：捐赠；D. distribution：分配。根据句意选A。 20.【答案】C 【解析】现在分词、定语从句都可作定语，但是表达“遭受……”要用suffer或者suffer from；所以排除A、D两个选项，B选项who is suffering中的who指的是men要用动词are，所以只能选C，who suffer from相当于分词suffering from的作用。 三、翻译 【答案】 21. You have to bury yourself in studying if you want to pass the exam. 22. I was shocked at the doctor’s bill. 23. If you lift that suitcase, you will be injured. 24. The city is now in ruins. 25. I gave him some advice, but he thought nothing of it. 四、阅读理解 【答案】26-28 BCA 【解析】本文介绍一个很幸运的男人Mr. Chevalier，他是一个命非常大的人，总能幸存于难。 26.细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the journey, the train fell into an icy river, killing 12 passengers. Chevalier managed to swim back to the river bank. He only had a broken leg”可知Chevalier在火车事故中只是断了一条腿，非常幸运地还活着。故选B。 27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Chevalier said he wouldn’t fly to Los Angeles for the filming, because he didn’t want to push his luck”可知他不想冒生命危险。故选C。 28.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If he had accepted the invitation, maybe he would have had another accident. But Mr. Chevalier is a lucky man. If he’d had another accident, he probably would have survived that too!”可知Mr. Chevalier很幸运，是一个命非常大的人，总能幸存于难。故选A。 五、语法填空 【答案】 29. on 30. causing 31. quickly 32. to get 33. parts 34. fell 35. has been 36. writing 37. who 38. be ignored 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。新闻报道的是巴黎圣母院发生的一场火灾，讲述了大火当时的火势，它给人们心里带来的伤害，以及巴黎圣母院在人们心中的重要性。 29.考查介词。句意：周一晚上巴黎圣母院的大火是一场无法想象且可怕的灾难，给我们造成了巨大的心理创伤。空格后是一个表示时间的名词短语，所以空格处填介词。当时间名词表示具体的某天上午、下午、晚上时，介词用on。Monday evening指具体的周一晚上，故填on。 30.考查现在分词作状语。这句话的谓语动词为was，所以空格处填非谓语动词。句子主语the fire（大火）与cause（造成）是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。 31.考查副词。句意：火灾来得迅猛，火势无法控制。空格后单词修饰动词struck，应用副词形式。故填quickly。 32.考查固定短语。句意：大约一小时后，巴黎消防队才在一定程度上控制住局部火势，保住了大教堂幸存的部分。由were able可知，这里使用的是be able to do（能够）这个固定短语。故填to get。 33.考查名词的数。这句话中that may survive是一个定语从句的从句部分，根据主谓一致性原则，survive应与其主语在数上保持一致。由于survive用的不是第三人称单数形式，所以从句修饰的名词应用复数形式。故填parts。 34.考查一般过去时。句意：随着夜幕降临，巍峨的西部塔楼依然耸立，直入云霄，雄伟但脆弱。大火发生在过去，且fall是瞬间动词，所以此处用一般过去时。故填fell。 35.考查现在完成时。句意：自12世纪开始，巴黎圣母院就矗立在那里了。由since（自从）可知，这句话应使用现在完成时。主语it为单数形式，故填has been。 36.考查名词。句意：巴黎圣母院闻名于世，不止是因为它是巴黎的一座地标，还因为维克多·雨果在小说《巴黎圣母院》中为这座建筑本身赋予了生命。空格位于定冠词the后，介词of前，应用名词形式。由句意可知，这里指雨果的《巴黎圣母院》的这本著作。故填writing。 37.考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为Victor Hugo（雨果），指人，且在从句中作主语。故关系词填who。 38.考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：人们不应忽略或迅速忘掉这场可怕的大火。这是一个that引导的定语从句，先行词为an event，在从句中作主语，且与ignore之间是被动关系，故从句中谓语部分应使用被动语态。空格又位于情态动词后，故填be ignored。 $$