专题01 必修第一册Unit 1～2 教材核心知识串讲（期中复习课件）高一英语上学期沪外版

高一英语期中考试复习 上外版2020 必修第一册 Unit 1-2 The Past Future Tense 过去将来时 上外版必修一 Unit 1 School Life 一、过去将来时的概念 表示从过去的时间看待将来要发生的动作或状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。 比较： 一般将来时:表示从现在的时间看将来将要发生的动作或状态 二、过去将来时的构成 1、would/should +v 2、was/were going to +v　 人称 肯定句 否定句 一 I/We should/would do I/We should/would not do 二、三 You/They/He/She/It would do You/They/He/She/It would not do 疑问句 疑问否定句 Should/Would I/we do? Should/Would I/we not do? Would you/they/he/she/it do? Would you/they/he/she/it not do? 人称 一 二、三 缩写形式： 肯定式： I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, we’d, they’d, it’d 否定式： I’d/you’d/he’d/she’d/we’d/they’d/it’d not或I/you/he/she/we/they/it wouldn’t 或I/we shouldn’t 三、常连用的时间状语： the day after tomorrow→ next week→ tomorrow→ tomorrow evening→ this afternoon→ two days later the next week the following day the next evening that afternoon 四、一般过去将来时的用法 1.表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生 的动作或存在的状态 Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasn’t arrived until now. 上周他答应来的，可直到现在还没到。 He said that he would wait for me at the gate. 他说他将在大门口等我。 2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。 This door wouldn't open. 这扇门老是打不开。 Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. 　　 他一有时间，总是看书。 I would play with him when I was a child. 　　 当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。 You know I would come. 你知道我会来的。 3、come， go， leave， arrive， start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。 例如： He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。 4、条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 例如： When she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 5、过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中 If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。 6、“was/ were about to +动词原形”,可以表示过去即将发生的事情。 如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week. 美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打响。 五、过去将来时典型错误例析 1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。 误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting. 正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting. 析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。 2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。 误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up. 正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。 误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday. 正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书 误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books. 正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books. 析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人 5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。 误：Last time I saw you， you had started to go to Tibet by train. 正：Last time I saw you， you were going to start to go to Tibet by train. 析：,表示过去即将发生的事情用“was/ were about to +动词原形” 结构。 六、典题欣赏 She said she _______ a meeting the next day. A. had B. was having C. will have D. was going to have 2. They were sure they ______ the football match. A. won B. was winning C. win D. would win 3. They _______ a football match when I saw them. A. had B. would have C. are having D. were having 4. We asked him where he _______ the next week. A. would go B. went C. is going D. were going 5. We ______ the Science Museum next week. A. would visit B. will visit C. is visiting D.is going to visit 6. —What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 7. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 8. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take 9. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables. A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown 10. She ______ to work when the telephone rang. A. is going B. will go C. was going D. is to go 专题训练 填空题 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I ____(tell) him, but he didn't give me a chance. 2. He said he ____(be) here at eight o'clock. 3. I knew John ____(not finish) the work by 5:00 PM. 4. He said that he ____ (take care of) the baby. 5. They feared that he ____ (revile) them if they displeased him. 答案:1 was going to tell 2 would be 3wouldn't finish4 was going to take care of 5 would revile  改错题 1. Miss Zhang said she will visit the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she was not stay here for long. 3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy will come the next year. 4. The scientists said the world’s population slowed down in future. 5. She said the bus left at five the next morning. 答案:1will-would2was-would3will-would4slowed-would slow5left-was leaving 上外版必修一 Unit 2 Language and Culture 句子成份 简单句5种句型 句子成分和简单句五种基本句型 01 02 精彩纷呈的8大句子成分 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语 | 表语 | 定语 | 状语 | 补足语 | 同位语 各具特色的五种基本句型 基本句式一：SV（主+谓） 基本句式二：SVP（主+系+表） 基本句式三：SVO（主+谓+宾） 基本句式四：SVOO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） 基本句式五：SVOC（主+谓+宾+宾补） I. 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上 II. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式 III. 用五种基本句式翻译句子 IV. 语法填空 V. 短文改错 03 针对训练 一、主语——动作的发出者或描述说明的对象 在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后；祈使句通常省略主语you。能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和主语从句等。 New members will receive extra guidance on Saturday mornings from 9：00 am to 11：00 am. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 每周六上午9点到11点新成员将会得到额外的指导。(名词短语作主语) Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life. 掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有被宣布。(从句作主语) [名师指津]　当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。 It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party. 很遗憾你不能参加我的生日晚会。(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句) 二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态 谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。(动词作谓语) When he got up at 7：00 am，a big plan occurred to him. 他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语) 2．复合谓语 (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 In this exhibition，you can see paper­cutting with all kinds of patterns.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) 在这次展览中，你可以看到各式各样的剪纸。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语) It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) (摄影展)将于六月十五日开始，持续三周。(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语) 二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态 (2)由系动词加表语构成。 Your art skills are excellent and admirable，which leaves me a deep impression.(2016·天津卷·书面表达) 你的艺术技能非常优秀、令人赞赏，这给我留下了深刻的印象。(系表结构作谓语) 三、宾语——动作的对象或承受者 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句等。宾语的构成如下： 1．单宾语 I've already written the application and personal resume.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达) 我已经写了申请书和个人简历。(名词短语作宾语) I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(2015·浙江卷·书面表达) 我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语) 2．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语) She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 (herself为间接宾语；a new dress为直接宾语) 三、宾语——动作的对象或承受者 3．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语) Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets. 医生经常建议我们多注意饮食。(us为宾语；to pay more attention to our diets 为宾语补足语) 四、表语——主语的身份、特征或状态 表语一般位于系动词之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 Paper­cutting is a traditional art form in China.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达) 剪纸是一种中国传统艺术形式。(名词短语作表语) He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。(形容词作表语) 五、定语——名词或代词的修饰语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“· · · · · · ·的”表示。单个单词作定语通常位于被修饰的成分前，而短语或从句作定语时，则要放在被修饰的成分之后。 可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 The little boy needs a blue pen. 小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。(形容词作定语) Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 最近几年我们校队的运动员赢得了很多乒乓球比赛的金牌。(介词短语作定语 ) The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作定语 ) The temperature today is －8 ℃，so you'd better put on more clothes. 今天的气温是零下八摄氏度，因此你最好多穿些衣服。(副词作定语) 六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：状语通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句首或句尾。 可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。 Actually I am very fond of Tang poems.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达) 实际上我非常喜欢唐诗。(副词作状语修饰全句) The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置) To make his dream come true，Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想，汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣。(不定式作状语修饰全句) 七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明 在主动语态的句子中，一些及物动词的宾语需要在其后加上一个补足语，对其作进一步补充说明，这样意思才能够完整和明确，该补足语叫做宾语补足语，宾语及其补足语一起构成复合宾语，二者之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。在被动语态中补充说明主语的成分叫做主语补足语。能够充当补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。 We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. 我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾补) To his surprise，Jack found his son dressed as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。(过去分词短语作宾补) We were warned not to cheat again or she would tell our parents. 我们被警告不要再一次作弊，否则她会通知我们的父母。(不定式作主补) 八、同位语——名词或代词的解释说明 同位语是一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。(students是we的同位语，都是指学生) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。(同位语从句作同位语，解释说明thought) 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句式及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句式，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。五种基本句式如下： 1．S V(主＋谓) 2．S V P(主＋系＋表) 3．S V O(主＋谓＋宾) 4．S V O O(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 5．S V O C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 基本句式一：S V(主＋谓) 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，能表达完整的意思，但可以加副词、介词短语、动词不定式等作状语。 We │will learn│ from 8：00 am to 10：00 am. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达) 我们将要从上午8点至10点学习。 In order to keep fit，we │should exercise│ regularly. 为了保持健康，我们应该经常锻炼。 基本句式二：S V P(主＋系＋表) 该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等。系动词亦称连系动词。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类如下： 1．状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。 He │is│ a teacher.他是一名教师。 2．持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，remain，stay等。 This matter │remains│ a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。 3．表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look等。 He │seems│ (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。 基本句式二：S V P(主＋系＋表) 4．感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look，feel，smell，sound，taste等。 This kind of cloth │feels│ very soft. 这种布手感很软。 5．变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go等。 She │grew│ rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就变富了。 6．终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove，turn out，表达“证实”，“变成”之意。 His plan │turned out│ a success. 他的计划终于成功了。 基本句式二：S V P(主＋系＋表) [名师指津]　 使用系动词时要注意： (1)其后常接形容词作表语。试比较： The food tastes quite delicious. 这种食物品尝起来很美味。 The chef is tasting the fish carefully. 厨师长正在认真品尝这道鱼。 注意：在第一句中，taste作系动词，后面接形容词作表语。在第二句中，taste作实义动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词作状语。 (2)英语中某些动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态；而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态，二者不可混为一谈。 The apple is tasted good.(×) The apple tastes good.(√) 注意：因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态。 基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾) 该句型的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟上一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。有些不及物动词后加介词构成及物动词短语后可以接宾语，构成主谓宾结构。 He │has refused│ to help them. 他拒绝帮助他们。 He │admitted│ that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。 As an outgoing girl，I │get along well with│ my classmates. 作为一个外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。 基本句式四：S V O O(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；另一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 I │showed│ him│ my pictures. 我给他看了我的照片。 She │cooked│her husband│a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 He │taught│me│ how to run the machine. 他教我如何开机器。 [名师指津]　 双宾语结构有时可以用for或to进行替换，如上面第一、二句可以改为： I │showed│my pictures│ to him. She │cooked│a delicious meal│ for her husband. 基本句式五：S V O C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 该句型的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。复合宾语有以下几种形式： 1．名词/代词宾格＋名词 The war │made│him│ a soldier. 战争使他成为一名战士。 2．名词/代词宾格＋形容词 New methods │make│the job│ easy. 新方法使这项工作变得轻松。 3．名词/代词宾格＋介词短语 I │often find│him│ at work.我经常发现他在工作。 基本句式五：S V O C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 该句型的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。复合宾语有以下几种形式： 4．名词/代词宾格＋动词不定式 The teacher │asked │ the students│ to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户。 5．名词/代词宾格＋现在分词 I │saw│a cat│ running across the road. 我看见一只猫正跑过马路。 6．名词/代词宾格＋过去分词 I │saw│the boy│ taken away by two men. 我看到这个男孩被两个人带走了。 专题训练 Ⅰ. 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上 1．You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.宾语_____________ 2．Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.直接宾语_____________ ； 间接宾语_____________ 3．Soon they all became interested in the subject.表语_____________ 4．The man downstairs was trying to sleep.定语_____________ 5．The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.定语_____________ your pronunciation history us interested downstairs on the motorbike Ⅰ. 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上 6．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading­room. 宾语补足语_____________ 7．You will find it useful after you leave school.宾语补足语_____________ 8．Every night he heard the noise upstairs.状语_____________ 9．I am afraid that if you've lost it，you must pay for it.状语_____________ 10．Carol，an American teacher，will come to our school. 同位语_____________ to read newspapers and books useful every night if you've lost it an American teacher Ⅱ. 指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式 1．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2．Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. 3．Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 4．The days get longer and longer when summer comes. 5．My father bought a new bike for me last week. 6．They found the house decorated with beautiful flowers. 7．They arrived here at 10：00 yesterday morning. 8．The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A．S V (主＋谓) B．S V P(主＋系＋表) C．S V O (主＋谓＋宾) D．S V O O(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) E．S V O C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) B C E B D E A C Ⅲ. 用五种基本句式翻译句子 1．在这种环境下，师生们正生活快乐，工作努力。(S V) 2．在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(S V P) 3．现在，在中学课外活动正变得越来越受欢迎。(S V P) 4．最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。(S V O) In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard. In my opinion，a person without friends will never be happy. Nowadays，after­class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently. Ⅲ. 用五种基本句式翻译句子 5．同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。(S V O O) 6．事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。 (S V O C) 7．你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。 (S V O C) 8．作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 (S V O C) At the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection. In fact，he inspired me to major in English in college. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. As a middle school student，I consider English a very important subject. Ⅳ. 语法填空 Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth's climate. One of the oceans' most important climate 1.________ (function) is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)，one of the gases that cause global warming.2.________ (cover) 70% of the surface of the globe，oceans store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. The oceans 3.________ (absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact，the oceans are saving us 4.________ faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.5.________ bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 6.________ (hot)． functions Covering have absorbed from The hotter Ⅳ. 语法填空 Another important role 7.________ (play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The ocean's currents carry oxygen，nutrients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe，just 8.________ blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The ocean distributes 25% to 50% of energy 9.________ the planet receives from the sun. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer than it would 10.________ (normal) be. played as/like that/which normally Ⅴ. 短文改错 I still remember my first trip to Hainan with my parents years ago. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. We also visited the Monkey Island，a impressive attraction. The monkeys of different age there were so cute that I really wanted to touch them. But of course I can't. We were told before seeing the monkeys put everything in our bags and not to reach into our pockets or bags in case the monkeys—thinking we were getting some gifts for them—jumped to us and accidental hurt us. The people there were friendly to us and the food was delicious. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in the world！I am looking forward to visit it once more. where themselves an ages couldn’t ∧ to accidentally best visiting $$