必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习提能训练(人教版2019)

2024-09-30
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exercise into practice. The study,which 4. was published  (publish)in a journal,describes physical activity as 5. a  vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing. Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3. 5 times 6. more likely  (likely)to be exercisers. Over a decade ago,McKenzie 7. said  (say) researchers discovered a link 8. between  exercise and focus in children. More recently,another study by Johnson reveals that even short “microbursts”of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects. Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time, 9. which / as  college students tend to do,can have a negative health effect. In addition,the study found that fiveminute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood,tiredness,and hunger at the end of a day. This may be 10. particularly  (particular) beneficial to students who also work a fulltime job and study in the evening and nighttime hours.    Ⅳ.应用文写作 (2024·山东省实验中学诊断) 你校英文报正举办主题为“My Favorite Sports Star”的征文活动。请根据以下内容投稿: 1.介绍体育明星; 2.喜欢的理由; 3.给你的启迪。 注意:1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答                     。 练案[5]       必修第一册  UNIT 4  NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·浙江1月高考题) On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm (雹 暴)in Canadian history hit Calgarys southern suburbs. As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about ! 2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in eastcentral Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area,has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the CalgaryEdmonton urban area from hail,”Mr. Stienwand says,“but theyre increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo,North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,”Dr. Krauss says. “In fact,we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,”Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt,Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloudseeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 1. What does the project aim to do? B  A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones. C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.                                     D. Investigate chemical use in farming. —364— 2. Who are opposed to the project? A  A. Farmers in eastcentral Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies. C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 3. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? C  A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? D  A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloudseeding companies will continue to exist. B (2024·广州市调研) Our planet quakes thousands of times a year,but we still cant predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike. What if animals odd behavior could warn us? Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on prequake abnormal animal behavior,but most were just anecdotes. Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs. On October 13,1989, he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week. Four days later,the Loma Prieta megaquake hit! But the scientific community still rejected Berklands theory. He didnt document every prediction,so nobody could measure his accuracy rate. Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable. And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection. California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheelrunning activity of pocket mice. These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area. Then the 1971 San Fernando earthquake struck nearby. The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity. What might the next experiment show? Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project. The project tracks many small animal species such as birds, bats,and turtles for the purpose of scientific research. One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behavior and earthquakes. If they find a reliable connection,this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives. ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety. However,not everyone is hopeful. Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some“cool things”,but she knows animal behavior is hard to pin down.“My cat could act crazily before an earthquake,”she says.“But it also acts crazily if somebody uses the can opener.” 5. What does the underlined word“anecdotes”mean in Paragraph 2? D  A. Reallife news stories. B. Random individual studies. C. Repeated scientific reports. D. Unproved personal accounts. 6. Why was Berklands theory rejected by the scientific community? D  A. He used unreliable data from newspaper ads. B. His document wasnt consistent with his theory. C. His study didnt include enough animal samples. D. He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions. 7. What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project? A  A. To provide accurate prequake warnings. B. To develop an app to call for help during quakes. C. To seek worldwide cooperation in quake prediction. D. To find connections between animal behavior and quakes. 8. What is Wendy Bohons attitude toward the ICARUS project? B  A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful.                                                                       C. Intolerant. D. Unclear.    —464— Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·济南市模拟) Jess,a 14yearold girl,lives in Mallacoota,a small town in Australia. She is one of many children who have been through mental 1. B  and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires. She 2. A  the bushfires with fear. “I had never been so scared. The sky was turned to blood red,and the embers(余烬) were 3. C  all around us. It was much worse than any 4. A  film,”she said. Jess,along with her family,spent two terrifying days on the local boat where residents stayed for 5. D  ,and it was also a place where 6. B  could not be broken. Jess and her little companions planned to 7. C  their community garden and the house for chickens. One blessing for Mallacoota is that no one 8. B  their life during the disaster. Roads into and out of the town are beginning to reopen. Wandering alone among the houses 9. D  to the ground, Jess still managed to find a 10. A  side and said at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore. In no time she and her companions 11. C  started to restore the community garden and even 12. B  a family of chickens to the new “home”,making something bad into something good. Its a long road back to 13. C  life. But it is surely 14. A  if we have the will. As Jess said,“My beloved hometown will 15. D  again.” 1. A. disorder            B. suffering C. growth D. training 2. A. recalled B. imagined C. observed D. controlled 3. A. escaping B. crowding C. flying D. running 4. A. scary B. artistic C. fancy D. silent 5. A. comfort B. peace C. treat D. safety 6. A. rules B. spirits C. habits D. promises 7. A. reserve B. design C. rebuild D. decorate 8. A. saved B. lost C. took D. changed 9. A. knocked B. blown C. exploded D. burnt 10. A. positive B. warm C. familiar D. correct 11. A. wisely B. luckily C. actively D. anxiously 12. A. returned B. welcomed C. forced D. contributed 13. A. simple B. common C. normal D. social 14. A. hopeful B. risky C. special D. tough 15. A. rest B. expand                                                   C. struggle D. shine    Ⅲ.七选五 (2023·福建省毕业班质检) Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future,from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire,on demand. 1. D  However,while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old,the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world,more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat. 2. E  With the global population expected to grow to more than nine billion by 2050,demand for food will only increase. No pills or machines have solved our food problems yet. However,agricultural science has been responsible for saving huge numbers of lives. Science and technology helped us out of starvation during the 1960s and 70s when the worlds population exploded. 3. G  The result of this panic was the“green revolution”,which saw the introduction to farming of high production grains,improved irrigation systems and hybrid seeds,saving over one billion people from starvation. —564— 4. B  Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters,conflict,poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk 5. F  Many people are concerned about “playing around with nature”,adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells,and other human interferences (干预),all of which are widespread. Anyhow,the world has not been completely saved from starvation,but we are on the way to get there. A. Agricultural science was quite a success. B. There are many complexities when dealing with food. C. Modern science and technology of food contributes a lot. D. Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain. E. And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does. F. Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation. G. At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food.    Ⅳ.语法填空 (2024·新高考专家原创卷) When garden designer Jane Gates moved to the Sussex countryside in 2015,she fell in love with a traditional black barn conversion(改建的房屋),and set about creating a droughtresistant garden around it. 1. What  she didnt know was just how quickly her garden would become relevant to todays changing climate. Over the years,Gates 2.               (experiment)with plants that suit this dry and hot place and made some interesting 3.           (discover). Surprisingly,some plants,known for loving water,have proved 4. adaptable  (adapt) to drought. Others have struggled. However,many plants specifically 5. chosen  (choose) for drought tolerance have enjoyed the heat. Gates garden is a big gravel(砾石)one. 6. On  occasion she stands by the floortoceiling windows and enjoys the scene. Gravel 7. is used  (use)as a layer(层)for the plants to grow through,joining the paths with the planting. The feeling is of a relaxing,naturallooking space,with the light colour of the gravel 8. contrasting  (contrast)with the black of the barn. Gates recommends gravel as a cover on the top for 9. the  reason that it locks water in the soil below in summer,while keeping it away from plants in winter,which can damage them. This helps some plants do a bit 10. better  (well)in adapting to climate extremes. 练案[6]   必修第一册  UNIT 5  LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·沈阳市一模) It is an unpleasant extinction that will change the world and how people communicate:Within 20 years, two thirds of all the planets languages will be dead. Experts agree that nothing can stop it happening but one academic is trying her hardest to slow it down. Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number of people who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain. This is true not only for young children but also for adults and people at risk from dementia (痴呆),where research consistently shows that learning a new language could delay the start of the disease for 4 to 5 years—a better result than with any medication to date. It is those benefits of bilingualism (双语) that should encourage us to preserve and protect European minority languages—Gaelic,Manx,Cornish and Ulster Scots,she says. Already her work and the project she founded in Edinburgh Bilingualism Matters—now expanding across Europe and in the U. S.—have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools. From 2023 all Scottish children are learning a language other than English in their first year at school,                     with two —664— 园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中 的许多人都有情绪控制问题。第一空用动词ing形式作定语; 第二空固定短语have an effect on / upon“对……有影响”。 3. to  考查介词。句意:特里现在和朋友在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯 租了一套房子,她说DIY还能让她在租约到期时避免损失任何 押金。comes to an end“结束”。 4. when  考查固定句型。句意:我正要离开,这时那只蜂鸟出现 了。be about to do. . . when. . .“正要做……突然……”。 5. making  考查非谓语动词。句意:该活动庆祝其22周年,并展 示了最好的园艺,使其成为园艺中最受欢迎的活动之一。动词 ing形式作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。 6. delivery  考查词性转换。句意:在特斯拉的帮助下,威斯汀豪斯 的公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统,交流电很快成为电力输 送的主要形式。由句意可知,把动词deliver变成名词形式。 7. calmly  考查词性转换。句意:我最后看到的是唐的脸,他平静 地看着我。此处用副词修饰动词短语look at。该题极易误判为 系表结构。 8. lengthy  考查词性转换。数据收集是一个漫长的过程。由句意 可知,填形容词修饰名词。 9. to work  考查固定句型。句意:当你修改你的草稿,直到它太乱 无法再用了,你可以把你的改变输入到你的文字处理器。too. . . to. . .“太……而不……”。 10. out  考查动词短语。句意:更重要的是,我们还可以分发传单, 呼吁更多的人保护海洋。hand out“分发”。 Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.①n.小山  ②v.大量涌入  ③n.休克  ④v.留存/吸收 2.①E  ②A  ③C  ④D  ⑤B 核心素养·双写培优 Ⅰ.应用文写作运用 1. ① It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.   ② Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses,which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.   ③ What shocks us / What makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.   ④It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run. ⑤Although / Though / While the problem is difficult to handle,we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction. 2.参考范文: It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students. Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses,which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.However, what shocks us / what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games. As far as Im concerned,it will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run. Although / Though / While the problem is difficult to handle,we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction. Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 素材运用 1. with his legs crossed  2. slid  3. crawled  4. climb  5. felt her way 6. stepped  7. rose to his feet on shaky legs  8. paced up and down  9. dashed into  10. tiptoed 直击高考·精准落实 真题感悟 1. D  细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源, 发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normally blow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。 故选D。 2. C   细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Rich countries gain more. . .”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据, 文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第 三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重 的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中 “Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”故选C。 3. A   推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.”句意为: 然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾 后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just 的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提 及,D项弄反了作者的观点。故选A。 4. D  作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其 危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预 报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做 好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节 代替写作目的。 语言能力 (二)同位语  宾语  定语  厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语“圣婴现象” 的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模 式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。 练案[5] Ⅰ. A     语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月 7日,加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因 此,自1996年以来,一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学 物质,使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是,在艾 伯塔省中东部的农民们担心,“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处,宝贵的水 分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 1. B  细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(飞机在有威胁的风暴中 心播撒一种化学物质,使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一 样落下。)”可知,这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。 2. A   细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in eastcentral Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是,在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心,“冰雹计划”飞 行的下风处,宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷 走。)”可知,艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。 3. C  推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. ‘In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,’Dr. Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.’(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从 俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家,他对人工降雨的安全性持 怀疑态度。‘1999年,我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细 胞形成的重大龙卷风,’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分?当然,没有人真正知道,但是播 种还在继续。’)”可推知,多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的 龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。 4. D  推理判断题。根据最后一段“Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloudseeding companies. Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证 据,没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此,私人气候 工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知,从最后一段我 们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。 B     语篇导读:本文主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为 的研究,以及希望能够提供准确的震前预警。 5. D  词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on prequake abnormal animal behavior”以及表 转折的词but可知,这些地震前动物异常行为的报告大多是传 闻,即未经证实的描述,D项符合题意。故选D。 6. D  细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berklands theory. He didnt document every prediction, so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.”可知,科学界仍然拒 绝接受伯克兰的理论,因为他没有记录每一个预测,所以没有人 能衡量他的准确率。由此可知,伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝,是 因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。 7. A  细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,一组研究人员正在寻找 动物行为和地震之间可能存在的联系。如果他们找到可靠的联 系,这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在驱动一款应用程 序,让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。因此,ICARUS项目的最 终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。 8. B  推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,地质学家温迪·博洪认为动 物行为很难确定,比如她的猫,在有人用开罐器的时候也表现得很 疯狂。由此可推断,温迪·博洪对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。 Ⅱ.     语篇导读:本文主要从Jess的视角展现了森林火灾对其家 乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的积极态度。 1. B  由下文内容可知,Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子 之一。suffering“痛苦”。故选B。 2. A  根据语境可知,Jess已经被救出来了,此处是指她回忆 (recalled)森林火灾发生的情形时仍害怕。故选A。 3. C  根据语境可知,此处是指天空变成了血红色,余烬在我们周 围飞舞。故选C。 4. A  根据第二段第一句的“with fear”和Jess对火灾的描述可知, 她很恐惧火灾,所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影做比较,体现 Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。故选A。 5. D  根据空后的“and. . . could not be broken”和语境可知,Jess和 她的家人待在当地的船上,居民在这里应是寻求安全。故选D                                                                          。 —085— 6. B  上文讲述的是身体安全,空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit “精神;心灵;情绪”。故选B。 7. C  根据常识可知,火灾的后果是毁灭性的,所以此处是指Jess和她 的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。故选C。 8. B  根据上文的“One blessing”可知,这里讲述的应该是值得庆 幸的方面,即无人死亡。故选B。 9. D  分析句子结构,空处作houses的后置定语。结合语境可知应 选burnt,表示被烧毁的房屋。burn. . . to the ground“把……烧 光(烧成平地)”。故选D。 10. A  根据下文的“at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore”可知,Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”, 也就是说,她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。故选A。 11. C  这句话描述了她和她的伙伴们立即开始恢复社区花园,由此可 以推断她的行为态度是相当积极的,故选actively。故选C。 12. B  这一段在描述Jess的积极态度,所以此处表示Jess甚至欢 迎小鸡家族来新家,借此苦中作乐。welcome“欢迎”。故选B。 13. C  根据语境可知,整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续 的重建,这里是对前面内容的总结,表示“恢复正常生活还有很 长的路要走”。故选C。 14. A  根据提示词But可知,空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系, 因此此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度,故选hopeful。故选A。 15. D  根据语境可知,此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。 故选D。 Ⅲ.     语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。虽然科幻电视在塑造我们 对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作,但是世界还没有完全从饥 饿中拯救出来。 1. D   根据下文“However,while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old,the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much.(然而,尽管这些创造食物的想法已经有 50多年的历史了,但我们生产和消费食物的方式并没有太大变 化。)”可知,上下文是转折关系,故空格处在语意上应承接上 文。根据上文“Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future,from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire,on demand.(科幻 电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作,从药丸 形式的晚餐到按需为我们提供任何膳食的机器。)”可知,上文 讲到科幻电视中对未来膳食的构想,下文说到这种构想可能产 生的结果。D项“Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain.(如果食物这么容易获得,没有人会挨饿。)”承接上文, 符合语境。故选D。 2. E  根据上文“Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world,more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat.(尽管今天有足够的食物养活全世界,但仍有超过8. 7亿人 没有足够的食物。)”可知,上文讲到世界上粮食短缺的问题。E 项“And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does.(令人难以置信的是,饥饿导致的死亡人数超过了疾病造成的 死亡人数。)”进一步补充粮食短缺的现状,符合语境。故选E。 3. G  根据下文“The result of this panic was the ‘green revolution’ (这场恐慌的结果是‘绿色革命’)”可知,空格处应说明“这场恐 慌”是什么。G项“At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food.(当时,科学家们真的很担心我们会 耗尽食物。)”说明科学家的担忧,即恐慌,符合语境。故选G。 4. B   根据下文“Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters,conflict,poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk.(有足够 的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫困和环境问题也很复杂。所 有这些都可能意味着粮食供应处于危险之中。)”可知,设空处在段首, 应为本段主旨句。B项“There are many complexities when dealing with food.(在处理食物时有很多复杂性。)”能概括本段主旨,complexities 与complications相呼应。故选B。 5. F  根据下文“Many people are concerned about ‘playing around with nature’,adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells,and other human interferences(干预),all of which are widespread.(许 多人担心‘玩弄自然’,调整食物的外观、味道和气味,以及其他 人为干扰,这些都是普遍存在的。)”可知此处在讲在食品实验 方面面临的问题。F项“Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation.(然后是我们在食品实验方面面临 的问题。)”引出下文,符合语境。故选F。 Ⅳ.     语篇导读:本文是记叙文,主题语境是“人与自我”。文章 介绍了园艺设计师Jane Gates搬家到苏塞克斯郡的乡村后建造的 适应气候变化的抗旱花园的相关内容。 1. What  考查主语从句。句意:她不知道的是她的花园会在多快 的时间内适应如今不断变化的气候。空处引导主语从句,且在 从句中作宾语,表示“所……的”。故填What。 2. has experimented  考查动词的时态。句意:多年来,Gates尝试 找出适合种植在这个炎热干旱的地区的植物并有了一些有趣的 发现。根据句中的时间状语“Over the years”可知,此处应用现 在完成时。故填has experimented。 3. discoveries   考查名词。句意同上题。根据空前的“some interesting”和句意可知,此处应用名词复数。故填discoveries。 4. adaptable  考查形容词。句意:令人惊讶的是,一些以喜水著称 的植物被证明对干旱有适应能力。分析句子结构可知,此处考 查“prove + adj.”结构。adaptable“能适应的,适应性强的”。故 填adaptable。 5. chosen  考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,许多专门挑选的耐旱植 物很享受这种高温。句中已有谓语have enjoyed,故此处为非谓 语;choose与plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作 后置定语。故填chosen。 6. On  考查介词。句意:Gates有时站在落地窗旁欣赏景色。on occasion是固定搭配,表示“有时,偶尔”。故填On。 7. is used  考查动词的时态和语态。句意:砾石被用植物生长的一 层,将路径与植物连接起来。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在 时;Gravel与use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填is used。 8. contrasting  考查非谓语动词。句意:给人的感觉是一个放松、自 然的空间,砾石的浅色与谷仓的黑色交相辉映。此处为with复 合结构,contrast在此作不及物动词,意为“形成对照”,与其逻 辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填contrasting。 9. the  考查冠词。句意:Gates建议将砾石覆盖在最上层,因为砾 石在夏天可以将水分锁定在下面的土壤中,而在冬天,它会使能 让植物腐烂的水分远离植物。for the reason that“因为……,由 于……”是固定用法。故填the。 10. better  考查副词比较级。句意:这有助于一些植物更好地适应 极端气候。根据语境及句中的比较级修饰词“a bit”可知,此处 应用比较级。故填better。 UNIT 5  LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 必备知识·巧记活用 1  立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.骨头;骨(质)  2.壳;壳状物  3.雕刻  4.王朝;朝代  5.地方 话;方言  6.舌头;语言  7.学期  8.内裤;短裤  裤子 重点词汇会写 1. billion  2. native  3. attitude  4. system  5. despite  6. factor  7. symbol  8. means  9. classic  10. regard  11. character 12. calligraphy  13. affair   14. struggle   15. petrol   16. subway   17. apartment  18. gap  19. vocabulary 拓展词汇会变 1. reference  refer  2. based  base  basis  basic  3. variety  vary various  4. major   majority   5. global   globe   6. appreciate   appreciation  appreciative  7. specific  specifically  8. beg  beggar 9. equal  equally  equality  10. demand  demanding  11. description  describe  12. relate  related  relation  relationship 运用巩固提能 1. despite  2. character  3. carved  4. struggling  5. vocabulary 6. system  7. petrol  8. gap  9. symbol  10. gases  11. to 12. majority   majoring   majors   13. appreciation   appreciative   appreciate  14. equal  equally  equality  15. demanding  demands 16. describing  description  17. beggar  begging  18. base  basis  basic   19. referring   reference   20. varieties   varying   various   21. relation  related  22. global  globe 2  语境助记短语 写准记牢 1. refer to  2. ups and downs  3. date back (to. . .)  4. point of view 5. relate to  6. be known for  7. at the beginning  8. lead to  9. play a major role in  10. have trouble with  11. get used to(doing)sth.   12. depend on 语境运用 1. referred to  2. dates back to  3. ups and downs  4. point of view  5. lead to  6. play an  role in  7. play a major role in 3  仿写速记句式 原句译背 1.这之所以成为可能有很多原因,其中一个主要因素就是中国书 写体系。  2.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有 重要意义。  3.即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言, 中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。  4.随着中国在全球事 务中扮演着越来越重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉 语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。  5.这是对大脑的锻 炼;我对一门语言的了解越多,我的大脑就越发达。 仿写运用 1. why you show up here  2. be of special interes                                                                          t  3. no matter how —185—

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必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习提能训练(人教版2019)
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必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习提能训练(人教版2019)
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