Unit 4 Space Exploration-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)

2024-10-15
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( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 UNIT 4  SPACE EXPLORATION (主题语境:人与社会——地球与宇宙奥秘探索) !"#$%&'()     Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe. They launch rockets carrying satellites. Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote themselves to space exploration,even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them disappointed. Besides,when living in space,the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later. For lack of gravity, their muscles become weak. They have to tape everything up,otherwise they would float around. They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen. However,peoples desire to explore space never dies. China is the third country to send humans into space independently. This signals a giant leap forward for China. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration,which is a shallow view. Our planets resources are limited,and as a result,we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population. In closing,we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly. *+,-%.(/0 12.(3) 阅读词汇会认 1. procedure n.               2. cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)              3. rocket n.               4. gravity n.               5. frontier n.               6. vehicle n.               7. satellite n.               8. orbit n.               vt.& vi.               9. giant adj.               n.               10. agency n.               11. transmit vt. & vi.               12. data n.[pl.]               13. ongoing adj.               14. dock vi.& vt.               n.               15. solar adj.               16. solar system               17. sufficient adj.               18. tissue n.               19. facility n.               20. fatal adj.               21. highend adj.               22. pillow n.               重点词汇会写 1.           n.宇航员;太空人 2.           vt. & n.发射;发起;上市 3.           n.跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt,leapt or leaped,leaped)vi. & vt.跳过;跃过 4.           n.人类 5.           vt. & vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信 号;标志 6.           vt.回收利用;再利用 7.           n.肌肉;实力;影响力 8.           vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮vt.使浮动;使 漂流 9.           adv.否则;要不然 10.           prep.在更远处;超出 11.           adj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流; 潮流 12.           n.肥皂 13.           n.毛巾;抹布 14.           adj.热衷的;渴望的 15.           adj.肤浅的;浅的 16.           n.模式;图案;模范 17.           n.监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测; 监控 18.           n.智能手机 19.           n.资源;财力;物力 20.           n.氧;                                      氧气 "%' ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( 拓展词汇会变 1.           adj.精神的;思想的→           adv.精神上地 2.           n.宇宙;天地万物→           adj. 宇宙的;通用的 3.           adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→           n.智慧 4.           adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→           vt.查明;确定;决定→           n.决心; 果断 5.           adj.失望的;沮丧的→           vt. 使失望→           adj. 令人失望的→           n.失望;沮丧 6.           n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望→           adj.渴望的,想要的 7.           adj.独立的;自立的→           adv. 独立地;自立地→           n.独立;自立→           vi.依靠 8.           vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺→           adj.缺乏的;不足的 9.           n.地球;世界;地球仪→           adj.全球的;全面的 10.           vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→           n.争论;争吵;论点 11.           n. (对事物的)分析;分析结果→           (= analyse)v.分析 12.           adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→           adv.有规律地;经常;定期地→           adj.无规律的;不定期的 13.           adj.有限的→           adj.无限 的→           vt. & n.限制 14.           adj.结尾的;结束的n.停业;关闭; 倒闭→           vt.关闭adj.近的;亲密的→           adv.仔细地;严密地 15.           n.神秘事物;谜→           adj. 神秘的 16.           vt.系;绑;贴→           adj.附着 的;依恋的→           n.附件;附属品;依恋 运用巩固提能 1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)           (analyse)of a language database also confirmed that there was a           (globe)change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age. . . 2.(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the           (地球)enjoy playing games of hide and seek. 3.(牛津高阶)We are doing our best with the           (有限的)           (资源)available. 4.(剑桥高阶)The company has new           (程 序)for dealing with complaints. 5.(剑桥高阶)A spokesman for the dockyard said they hoped to           (发射)the first submarine within two years. 6.(剑桥高阶)Flashing lights on a parked car usually           (发信号) a warning (to other motorists). 7.(朗文当代)Alexs real problem is that he           (缺乏)confidence. 8.(剑桥高阶)The word‘thou’(= you)is no longer in           (现在的)use. 9.(柯林斯词典)The product looks and burns like a           (正常的)cigarette. 10.(朗文当代)Attach a recent photograph           your application form. 11. Third,reusable garbage should           (回收 利用)as much as possible. 12.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural           (资源)wisely. 13. Though           (缺乏)money,his family lived an enjoyable life. 14. He headed to the bar,           (示意)to the girl that she could take part in the campaign           (发起)by the company. 15. As we all know,Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous           (宇航员)in China. 16. Yuan Longping made such a great contribution to           (人类) that he was respected and admired by people all over the world. 17. Artificial           has been used in phones, which makes them seem to be           . (intelligent) 18. When asked whether he was           to be an astronaut,the boy just looked at me with         . (determine) 19. Though he was           at the result of the examination,he tried to hide his           in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint) 20. Since the country became           in 1842,it has played an important role           . Gone are the days when it           on others for everything.(depend                                                                          ) "%( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 21. A persons life is           but knowledge is           .(limit) 22. An           about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people           that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue) 23. Unsatisfied with the results of the           ,the researchers           the data again.(analyze) 24. A           illness confined him to bed for over a month and doctors couldnt solve the           of the illness.(mystery) 25. He is healthy           and physically. That is to say,he has           and physical health. (mental) 26. Many parents           great importance to getting a good education at this school           to Peking University.(attach) 27.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow,these           (argue)and reasoning resulted in a           (globe)reduction in error. &'4(#& 写准记牢 1.                   出错 2.                   例如 3.                   继续做,坚持干 4.                   在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞 机上 5.                   抱着做某事的希望 6.                   为了;以便 7.                   弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 8.                   导致;造成 9.                   所以;结果(是) 10.                   提供生活所需 11.                   浪费时间 12.                   最后 13.                   用完;耗尽 语境运用 1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)When you were trying to figure out  what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didnt cross your mind. 2. (朗文当代)Sorry,I interrupted you. . . Please carry on  . 3.(剑桥高阶)As soon as I was on board  ,I began to have second thoughts about leaving. 4.(牛津高阶)I called in the hope of  finding her at home. 5.(剑桥高阶)I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to  keep insects off it. 6.(朗文当代)Without work,how can I provide for  my children? 7.(剑桥高阶)I thought Id done this correctly. I just cant understand where Ive gone wrong  . 8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably wont                                                        a useful response. 【词汇拓展记忆】 形容词后缀less荟萃 “反义词”对比记忆 聚焦“v. + out”短语 ①limit→limitless无限的 ②aim→aimless无目标的 ③use→useless没用处的 ④care→careless粗心的 ⑤end→endless无止境的 ⑥count→countless数不清的 ①sharp→dull ②clean→dirty ③tough→easy ④shallow→deep ⑤wide→narrow ⑥positive→negative ①run out用完;耗尽(不及物) ②break out(战争、打斗等不愉快事 件)突然爆发 ③cut out切断;删去;停止 ④give out耗尽(不及物) ⑤die out灭绝;消失 ⑥look out小心 567(89 原句译背 1. make +宾语+宾补 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.     2. otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.                "%) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( 3.动名词作主语 Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.     仿写运用 1.要使你的英国之行愉快且值得,你就必须留心 观察。 You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to London enjoyable and worthwhile  . 2.工人们没有被组织好,否则他们会用一半的时间 完成任务的。 The workers were not better organized,otherwise they would have accomplished  the task in half the time. 3.(2022·全国乙卷)大多数同学认为听英语歌曲是 提高英语成绩的好方法。 Most students believe that listening to English songs                 is a good way to improve their English. :;<=%>?@A 1. disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的 佳句背诵 Hearing this, he lowered his eyes, obviously disappointed.(情感描写) 听了这话,他垂下眼睛,显然很失望。 归纳拓展 (1)be disappointed at / with / by. . .对……失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事失望 be disappointed that. . .对……失望 disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj.令人失望的 (2)disappointment n.失望,沮丧 to ones disappointment令某人失望的是 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①Judging from her           look,her boss was           with her           performance. So to her           ,she didnt get promoted. (disappoint) 写作运用提能 ②我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失 望,好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。 意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧,他竭尽全力帮助 我、照顾我,我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。 (读后续写之失望心理描写) I was disappointed  that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents love. I sighed away my days. Sensing that I was disappointed at / with / by  his arrival,he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment  gradually gave way to my gratitude to him. ③他对未能获奖感到极度失望,把自己锁在房间里。 (读后续写之心理描写) Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize  ,he locked himself in the room. ④(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)令他们失望的 是,第一次尝试时,他们没能做好母亲节的早餐。 To their disappointment, they failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt. → What made them disappointed / What disappointed them  was that they failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what 引导的主语从句改写) →They failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt, which made them disappointed / disappointed them  .(用定语从句改写) 2. desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望vt.渴望;期望 佳句背诵 Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well,Id like to offer you some suggestions.(建议信) 得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。 归纳拓展 (1)have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事 have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物 (2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事 desire that. . .(should)do. . .渴望…… 多维训练 单句语法填空 ① The boy has a strong desire           a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you desire                                                      to challenge  "%* ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 (challenge)yourself,there is nothing to do with others thoughts. 写作运用提能 ③(2022·天津3月,书面表达)如果你渴望用英语 无障碍地与外国人交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们 的英语口语俱乐部。 →If                                       , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do) →If you desire that you(should)communicate with foreigners freely  ,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that) 3. signal v.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志; 预示;信号灯 佳句背诵 I ran up to the car,took him by the arm and signal(l)ed him to follow me.(动作描写) 我跑向汽车,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。 归纳拓展 (1)signal(to)sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal(sb.)that示意(某人)…… (2)traffic signals交通信号灯 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①The headteacher signaled to the monitor to manage  (manage)the students strictly. 写作运用提能 ②铃声响起,放学了,学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭 一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写) The bell signaled that school was over  ,and all the students rose to their feet,seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows. ③司机抱起受伤的男孩,把他放在车里,匆忙把他送 到医院,忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写之 动作链描写) The driver lifted up the injured boy,placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital, ignoring the traffic signals all the way  . 4. lack vt.缺乏;缺少;没有n.缺乏;短缺 佳句背诵 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a)lack of exercise. 健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 归纳拓展 (1)(a)lack of缺少…… for / through lack of因缺少…… (2)lacking adj.不足的;缺乏的 be lacking in在……方面缺乏 多维训练 单句语法填空 ① For lack           sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission. 写作运用提能 ②(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)尽管这对双胞 胎缺乏烹饪经验,但他们通过上网寻求建议来 弥补。 Though they lacked cooking experience  ,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. → Though lacking cooking experience  ,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写) 5. argue vt. & vi.争论;争辩;论证 佳句背诵 (2022·浙江卷)He encouraged me and argued that I should work on the project alone. 他鼓励我并主张我应该独自完成该课题。 归纳拓展 (1)argue with sb. about / over sth.因某事与某人争吵/争 论 argue for / against(doing)sth.据理赞成/反对(做) 某事 argue that. . .主张……,认为…… argue sb. into / out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 (2)argument n.争论;争辩;争吵;论点 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①The reason why he had an argument  (argue)with his wife was that their money was running out. ②He often argues           his son about / over  recycling water so as to cut down the water bill. ③They argued him           taking exercise on a regular basis. 写作运用提能 ④(2022·全国乙卷,书面表达)根据上面的表格, 65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张 他们可以通过读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。 Based on the above chart,65%                                                                          of the students "&! ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( argue for  enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that  they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. 6. result in导致;造成 佳句背诵 (2022·浙江1月卷)Not only did the festival make us know more about diverse cultures,but it also resulted in mutual understanding and friendship. 这个节日不仅使我们更多地了解了不同的文化,也 促进了彼此的理解和友谊。 归纳拓展 (1)result from由……造成;因……而产生 (2)as a result结果 as a result of由于……的结果 without result没有结果;白费 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①(2020·江苏卷)As           result,they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. ②(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones(监护人)will result           an extra charge of ! 50 per absent adult. ③(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result           manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures. 写作运用提能 ④由于缺乏社交而产生的误解,如果处理不当,可能 会导致严重的问题。(分词短语作定语) →Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication          ,if not handled properly, may result in serious problems  . → Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication  ,if not handled properly,may lead to serious problems  . 7. run out用完;耗尽(物作主语,无被动语态) 佳句背诵 In the future,care for the environment will become very important as earths natural resources are running out. 在未来,爱护环境将变得很重要,因为地球的自然资 源濒临枯竭。 归纳拓展 run out of用光,用完(人作主语,有被动语态) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐;追求 run into撞上;遇上,偶然遇到;碰上(困境、麻烦等) 名师点津 run out of是及物动词短语,以人作主语,同use up; run out是不及物动词短语,以物作主语,同give out; give out是不及物动词短语,表物“用完”或人“筋疲 力尽”。 多维训练 用run的相关短语填空 ① The moment we ran across / into  a cute wild rabbit,we rode our horses and ran after  it without hesitation. ②(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)Davids energy was running out  but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids,he was plodding(步履艰难)his way towards the finish line,bathed in sweat. 写作运用提能 ③我已经失去了所有的耐心,我开始勃然大怒。 I had run out of all my patience  and I began to explode with anger.(情绪描写) 8. attach v.系;绑;贴;把……固定;重视 佳句背诵 Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance to it. 书写至关重要,每个人都应重视。 归纳拓展 (1)attach. . . to. . .把……附在……上;把……绑 在……上 attach importance / significance / value / weight / . . . to. . . 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等 (2)attached adj.附加的;依恋的,爱慕的 be attached to喜欢,依恋;附属于 (3)attachment n.附件;附属品;依恋 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment  (attach). ②To be honest,a lot of people attach great importance to becoming  (become)rich and famous. 写作运用提能 ③她发现桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡 片,上面写着“生日快乐                                                                          ”。 "&" ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 She found a box lying on the table with a card attached to it  ,saying “Happy birthday”. ④在学习语言的过程中,你再怎么强调阅读的重要 性也不为过。(建议信) You can never attach too much importance to reading  during the process of learning a language. 9. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东 西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。 佳句背诵 Thanks for your directions to the house,we wouldnt have found it otherwise. 谢谢你为我们指明去那所房子的路,否则我们是找 不到的。 归纳拓展 (1)otherwise用作连词时,有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟 条件,此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的 虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用would / could have done;表示对现在的虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用 would / could do。 (2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句+ otherwise +陈 述句”。 多维训练 单句语法填空 ①We didnt know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given  (give) you a hand. ②I have no money on me now. Otherwise,I would lend  (lend)some to you. ③Hurry up,otherwise / or we will miss  (miss)the last bus. 写作运用提能 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)去年,它通过接受捐赠和收 集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807 500磅的食 物,否则这些农产品会在田间腐烂。 Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields                          . 10. Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先,探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中 发挥了作用。 佳句背诵 His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame. 他考试又不及格使他很羞愧,他羞愧地低着头。 归纳拓展 exploring space在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以 下情况: (1)it作形式主语:It is no use / no good / useless doing sth.做某事没用;It is a waste of time doing sth.做某 事浪费时间 (2)动名词的复合结构:名词所有格/形容词性物主 代词+ doing作主语。 多维训练 写作运用提能 ①对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。 Having a positive attitude to study  is the reason why I respect you. ②在我看来,玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 In my opinion, it is a waste of time playing computer games  . ③在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知 道感到害怕是没用的,找到走出森林的路才是我 现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之恐惧心理描 写) Being lost in the forest  made my heart in my mouth. But I knew that it was no use feeling frightened  and finding my way out of the forest                                                              was what I must do right now. BCDE%F=GH Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out, resulting  (result)in a more accurate estimate. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)It is high time we should attach great importance           protecting the ocean. 3.(2022·全国乙卷)Because of their lack           selfdiscipline,theyre more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. 4.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Like many young people,        Jessica "&# ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( wants to travel           globe. 5. (2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Many beginning writers dont leave enough space to revise. As           result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. 6.(2022·浙江1月卷)Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted           a global reduction in error. 7. Being blamed  (blame)by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands and cried. 8. It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he would have got  (get)into series of trouble. 9. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Short writings missed as a result           an excused absence will be accepted. 10.(2022·浙江1月卷)We started to meet           (regular)to draw up our plans. Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”.   n.常客  ②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.   vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)  ③(2020·天津卷)Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own,your local library can become a launch space for it.   n.启动  2.选出current的汉语意思 A. adj.现在的;当前的  B. adj.流通的  C. n. 水流  D. n.潮流 ① Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind,she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so.   C  ②The current money in China is Renminbi.   B  ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times.   D  ④ Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills.                                    A  :;IJ%K6LM Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(求助信——因父母不支持而失 望) 1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我和父母之间存在一个问题,使我无法继续我 的学习。(make + it +宾补+不定式)     ②决心解决它,我写信向你寻求帮助。(分词短语 作状语)     ③我非常热衷于太空探索,我经常去图书馆,希望 获得关于宇宙的足够知识。(so. . . that. . .)     ④我的父母认为我的爱好会导致我学习成绩 不好。     ⑤让我失望的是他们总是和我争论我的爱好。 (what引导主语从句)     ⑥他们警告我放弃。否则,他们决定不供养我。     ⑦我深信你会说服我父母支持我的爱好。(宾语从 句)     2.                                                使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 "&$ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ( " ( ( ( ! ( ( ( # 0 1 2 3 4 5 ( 6 7 8 9 Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 情感描写之“宽慰”和“温暖” 素材积累 必 备 单 词 形容词:warm,relaxed,relieved,comfortable,副 词:warmly,名词:comfort, warmth, relief,动 词:comfort 高 级 词 块 1. to ones relief使某人宽慰的是 2. a mixture of warmth and relief既温暖又宽慰 3. breathe a sigh of relief / gasp with relief松了口气 4. feel a surge of relief如释重负 素材运用 第一步  按要求完成下列句子。 1.看到一辆车靠近,爱丽丝松了一口气。 Alice felt relieved to see a car approaching  .(形容 词) 2.当司机微笑着让她搭车时,她松了一口气。 When the driver with a smile offered a ride to her, she gasped with relief  . (介词短语) 3.爱丽丝终于上车了,一种温暖和解脱交织的感觉 涌上心头。 Alice finally got in / into the car,and a mixture of warmth and relief flooded over her  .(名词作主语) 4.爱丽丝到了她办公室所在的大楼,如释重负地松 了口气。 →Alice reached the tall building where her office was. She breathed a sigh of relief  .(简单句) → Reaching the tall building where her office was, Alice breathed a sigh of relief  .(分词作状语) 5.当她感谢陌生人的帮助时,感激的泪水从她的眼 睛里涌出,但他只是暖暖地一笑。 Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes  as she thanked the stranger for his help,but he just smiled warmly  .(副词) 6.她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖并且相信处处都有 善良。 She felt warm in the cold day  ,and believed there was kindness in every corner.(形容词) 第二步  将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵,注意使 用合适的衔接过渡词汇                                                     。 NOP<%QRST 真题感悟 (2022·全国乙卷) Can a small group of drones (无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24 / 7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and ontime performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts. By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing highervalue services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhea                          d. "&% ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ( + , - . / ( ( ( ( ( Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a copilot. With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fastmoving trains would be able to react in time. 1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A  A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas. 2. What does “maintenance”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? C  A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 3. What function is expected of the rail drones? A  A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? D  A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 理清脉络 语言能力 (一)高级词块 1. guarantee v.确保,保证;担保 2. inspect v.检查,审视;检阅,视察 3. calculate v.计算,估计 4. detect v.查明,察觉;测出,检测,识别 5. autonomously adv.自动地 6. railway operator铁路运营商 7. rail tracks轨道;铁路线路 8. hightension electrical lines高压电线 9. switching points切换点 10. highervalue services高附加值服务 11. reliability n.可靠性;可信度 12. maintenance n.维护,保养;保持,维持 13. programme v.调好,设置(机器使之按某种方 式运作) 14. copilot n.副驾驶;自动驾驶仪 (二)长难句突破 The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and ontime performance will be improved. 分析:这是一个复合句,句中含有“ the +比较 级,the +比较级  ”句型结构,意为“越……越……”。 翻译:             温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[15]                                                                      "&& family of travel agents”及常识可知,莱克茜家是开旅行社的,这应 是让她有机会在童年时期就能游览柬埔寨、迪拜和埃及等地。 tour意为“游览”,符合语境。remark意为“评论”;settle意为“解 决”;love意为“爱”。故选C。 2. A  考查语境推断。根据“She began saving up at age 12 to   2  her goal of visiting all countries.”可知,她攒钱的目的在于为实现 环游世界的目标提供资金支持。fund意为“为……提供资金”, 符合语境。quit意为“放弃;离开”;switch意为“(使)转变;交 换”;register意为“注册,登记”。故选A。 3. D  考查语境推断。根据上文“By her 18th birthday,she had traveled to 72 nations.”可知,到18岁时她已经去过72个国家,据此可知,此 处表示“她意识到要抓紧时间游览她目标清单上剩余的国家”。 remaining意为“剩余的”,符合语境。powerful意为“强大的”;ideal 意为“理想的”;developed意为“发达的”。故选D。 4. C   考查语境&常识推断。根据“on social media platform Instagram”及常识可知,此处表示许多人在社交平台Instagram 上关注她的旅行。follow意为“关注;密切注意”,符合语境。 rank意为“给……排名”;modify意为“修改”;criticize意为“批 评”。故选C。 5. A  考查复现推断。根据下文“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可推知,她想要去创造这项纪录的部分原因就是想通 过这件事给他人以激励。inspire意为“激励,鼓舞”,符合语境。 grill意为“烤炙;追问”;understand意为“理解”;accompany意为 “陪伴”。故选A。 6. B  考查语境推断。结合上下文内容可知,此处表示她向《福布 斯》杂志透露,刚开始的时候自己只是想进一步去追求她认为这 一生可以实现的梦想。simply意为“仅仅,只是”,符合语境。 occasionally意为“偶尔”;completely“完全地”;temporary意为 “暂时地”。故选B。 7. A  考查语境&常识推断。结合语境及常识可知,人一生去追 求的东西应该是“梦想”。dream意为“梦想”,符合语境。button 意为“按钮,纽扣”;family意为“家庭”;observation意为“观察”。 故选A。 8. C  考查语境推断。结合上文中的“see as much of the world as possible”可知,此处表示在访问每一个国家的过程中,尽可能多 地看世界。process意为“过程,进程”,符合语境。platform意为 “平台”;agency意为“代理商”;country意为“国家”。故选C。 9. D  考查语境推断。根据后半句“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可知,莱克茜所从事的事情是具有挑战性的,所以才 会鼓舞他人。challenging意为“有挑战性的”,符合语境。dull意 为“乏味的”;official意为“官方的,正式的”;natural意为“自然 的”。故选D。 10. B  考查复现推断。根据最后一段的“My   13   for young people”可知,莱克茜环游世界这件事情正激励着身边的人,尤其 是年轻人。youth意为“年轻人”,符合语境。adult意为“成人”; boss意为“老板”;agent意为“代理人”。故选B。 11. B  考查语境推断。结合上下文内容可知,此处指的是“那些原 本我最不抱有期待的国家最终却成为让我觉得最美妙的国家”。 least意为“最少的”,符合语境。most意为“最多的”;greatest意 为“最好的,最伟大的”;worst意为“最糟糕的”。故选B。 12. C  考查语境推断。根据语境可知,莱克茜最开始对一些国家 不抱有任何期待,但最终发现它们是最美妙的,上下文形成对 比。end up意为“最终成为”,符合语境。start with意为“从…… 开始”;show off意为“炫耀”;search for意为“寻找”。故选C。 13. A  考查语境推断。根据“you can do anything you set your mind to do”可知,这是给他人的建议或忠告。advice意为“建议”,符 合语境。compromise意为“妥协,让步”;belief意为“信念”; information意为“信息”。故选A。 14. D  考查语境推断。根据语境可知,此处表示如果你想旅行,你 就必须要为环游世界做出牺牲。make sacrifices意为“做出牺 牲”,make符合语境。save意为“拯救;节约”;appreciate意为 “感激;欣赏”;worsen意为“使恶化,使更糟糕”。故选D。 15. C  考查语境推断。结合语境可知,it指代上文的“to travel around the world”,此处指完成环游世界的目标只是一个时间问 题。time意为“时间”,符合语境。honor意为“荣誉”;career意 为“职业”;assessment意为“评估”。故选C。 Ⅲ.     语篇导读:本文讲述了冰淇淋的发展历史,以及冰淇淋的 选择与个性的关系等。 1. G  考查语境推断。设空处位于本段段首,应是段落的主题句。 根据设空处后的“The order urges citizens to. . .”可知,设空处应 提到The order所指代的内容。G项(这一“凉爽”的节日是由美 国前总统里根于1984年7月9日设立的。)符合语境,选项中的 The“cool”holiday was made与The order相呼应。故选G。 2. B  考查语境推断。结合本段内容可知,本段是在讲述冰淇淋的 发展历史。设空处上句提到,欧洲人于16世纪发现了这种冰爽 的美食;设空处下句提到,这种甜点首次出现于1744年,马里兰 州州长用草莓冰淇淋招待客人。由此可知,设空处应是提到冰 淇淋在美国的历史。B项(但它直到18世纪才进入美国。)符合 语境。故选B。 3. E  考查语境推断。设空处位于本段段首,应是段落的主题句。 根据本段内容特别是“An estimated ! 6 billion is spent annually on the treat. . .”可知,本段是在介绍冰淇淋在美国非常受欢迎。 E项(美国人现在是世界上最大的冰淇淋消费者之一。)符合语 境,空后一句是对此种情况的具体介绍。故选E。 4. F  考查语境&逻辑推断。设空处上句讲到冰淇淋的选择与个人 口味偏好相关,而空后内容则列举了不同口味的冰淇淋代表何种性 格特征。由此可知,设空处应是起到转折的作用。F项(然而,艾伦 ·赫希博士认为,它反映了个人的性格。)符合语境,且后文内容对 选项中的individuals personality进行了具体说明。故选F。 5. A  考查语境推断。由前文列举的“Vanilla(香草)ice cream fans”,“Strawberry ice cream enthusiasts”以及“Coffee fans”可知, 此处也是对不同口味的冰淇淋代表何种性格特征的列举。A项 (巧克力口味冰淇淋爱好者一定慷慨且有魅力。)承接上文,符合 语境。故选A。 Ⅳ.     语篇导读:美国加利福尼亚州州长签署法案将中国春节这 一天定为该州法定假日,体现了其文化的多样性。 1. largest  考查形容词的最高级。句意:此举承认了亚裔美国人给 美国第三大州加利福尼亚州带来的文化多样性。根据空前的 the third以及空后的名词state可知,设空处应填形容词最高级。 故填largest。 2. to celebrate  考查非谓语动词。句意:该法规允许任何州的雇员 休八小时的假期、年假、补偿假以庆祝中国春节。分析句子结构 可知,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to celebrate。 3. signed  考查非谓语动词。句意:在一封署名信中,纽瑟姆强调 了亚裔美国人在加利福尼亚州所代表的多样性和文化意义,并 鼓励所有的加利福尼亚人参加节日。设空处位于名词letter前, 修饰名词,应用非谓语动词形式作定语,sign与letter之间是逻 辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填signed。 4. encouraged  考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。由空前的 and可知,设空处应与前面的emphasized并列作谓语,应该用一 般过去时。故填encouraged。 5. the  考查冠词。句意:成千上万的亚洲和太平洋岛民加利福尼 亚人在社区活动中庆祝中国春节,这些活动说明了这个州丰富 的文化历史和对种族、宗教和文化多样性的承诺。此处特指上 文提到的加利福尼亚州,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 6. official  考查词性转换。句意:许多加利福尼亚州的管辖区域已 经将中国春节定为学校假期。设空处修饰名词短语school holiday,应用形容词作定语。故填official。 7. was held  考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意:同时,在 星期五,在旧金山市政厅举行了中国国旗升旗仪式,以庆祝中华 人民共和国成立73周年。分析句子结构可知,设空处作句子的 谓语。主语a ceremony和hold之间是被动关系;由on Friday可 知,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语a ceremony为单数,谓语也应用单数形式。故填was held。 8. Peoples   考查名词所有格。句意见上一题解析。空后的 Republic为名词,设空处应用名词所有格,作定语,the Peoples Republic of China意为“中华人民共和国”,是专有名词,注意 people首字母要大写。故填Peoples。 9. for  考查介词。句意:张建敏在对美国代表、商界人士及社会人 士发表演讲时,对旧金山对中国的真诚友好表示感谢。根据语 境可知,此处表示对某事表达感激,应用介词for。故填for。 10. as / when / while  考查状语从句。句意见上一题解析。设空处 前后为两个完整的句子,设空处应填连词,根据语境可知,设空 处引导时间状语从句,表示“在对美国代表、商界人士及社会人 士发表演讲时”。故填as / when / while。 UNIT 4  SPACE EXPLORATION 必备知识·巧记活用 1  立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.程序;步骤;手续  2.厘米  3.火箭;火箭弹  4.重力;引力 5.边境;国界;边远地区  6.交通工具;车辆  7.人造卫星;卫星  8.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围  沿轨道运行;环 绕……运行  9.巨大的;伟大的  巨人;巨兽;伟人  10.(政府的) 专门机构;服务机构;代理处  11.传输;发送  12.资料;数据  13.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的  14. (两架航天器)对 接;(使)……进港  码头;船坞  15.太阳的;太阳能的  16.太阳 系  17.足够的;充足的  18.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织 19.设施;设备  20.致命的;灾难性的  21.高端的  22.                                                                          枕头 —006— 重点词汇会写 1. astronaut  2. launch  3. leap  4. mankind  5. signal  6. recycle  7. muscle  8. float  9. otherwise  10. beyond  11. current  12. soap 13. towel  14. keen  15. shallow  16. pattern  17. monitor 18. smartphone  19. resource  20. oxygen 拓展词汇会变 1. mental  mentally  2. universe  universal  3. intelligent  intelligence 4. determined  determine  determination  5. disappointed  disappoint disappointing  disappointment  6. desire  desired  7. independent  independently  independence  depend  8. lack  lacking  9. globe global  10. argue  argument   11. analysis  analyze   12. regular   regularly  irregular  13. limited  limitless  limit  14. closing  close closely  15. mystery  mysterious  16. attach  attached  attachment 运用巩固提能 1. Analysis  global  2. globe  3. limited  resources  4. procedures 5. launch  6. signal  7. lacks  8. current  9. regular  10. to  11. be recycled  12. resources  13. lacking  14. signal(l)ing  launched  15. astronauts  16. mankind  17. intelligence  intelligent  18. determined determination  19. disappointed  disappointment  20. independent  independently  depended   21. limited   limitless   22. argument   argued  23. analysis  analyzed  24. mysterious  mystery 25. mentally  mental  26. attach  attached  27. arguments  global 2  语境助记短语 写准记牢 1. go wrong  2. for example  3. carry on  4. on board  5. in the hope of doing sth.   6. so as to (do sth.)  7. figure out  8. result in  9. as a result  10. provide for sb.   11. a waste of time  12. in closing  13. run out 语境运用 1. figure out  2. carry on  3. on board  4. in the hope of  5. so as to 6. provide for  7. gone wrong  8. result in 3  仿写速记句式 原句译背 1.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的欲望从 未消失过。  2.宇航员在太空工作时,不得不用胶带把所有的东 西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。  3.首先,探索太空已经 在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。 仿写运用 1. make your trip to London enjoyable and worthwhile  2. would have accomplished  3. listening to English songs 核心考点·讲练提升 1.①disappointed  disappointed  disappointing  disappointment ②was disappointed  was disappointed at / with / by  my disappointment  ③Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize ④What made them disappointed / What disappointed them   which made them disappointed / disappointed them  2.①for  ②to challenge ③you desire to communicate with foreigners freely   you desire that you (should)communicate with foreigners freely  3.①to manage ②signaled that school was over  ③ignoring the traffic signals all the way  4.①of  ②lacked cooking experience  Though lacking cooking experience  5. ①argument   ②with  about / over   ③ into   ④argue for  18% of the students argue that  6.①a  ②in  ③of  ④resulting from lack of social communication  result in serious problems  arising from lack of social communication  lead to serious problems  7.①ran across / into  ran after   ② running out     ③ run out of all my patience  8.①attachment  ②becoming  ③with a card attached to it ④You can never attach too much importance to reading   9. ①would have given   ②would lend   ③will miss   ④ otherwise would have rotted in fields  10. ①Having a positive attitude to study  ② it is a waste of time playing computer games  ③Being lost in the forest  it was no use feeling frightened  finding my way out of the forest 关键能力·对点习得 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. resulting  考查非谓语动词。句意:当足够多的这些误差被平均 在一起时,它们就会相互抵消,从而得到更准确的估计。由句意 可知,填动词ing形式作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。 2. to  考查固定短语。句意:现在是我们高度重视保护海洋的时候 了。attach importance to “重视”。 3. of  考查固定短语。句意:由于缺少自律,他们更容易沉迷于网上聊 天或玩游戏。lack of“缺少……”。 4. the  考查固定短语。句意:像许多年轻人一样,杰西卡想要环游 世界。the globe “地球,全球”。 5. a  考查固定短语。句意:许多初学写作的人没有留下足够的修 改空间。结果,这些作者从来没有养成把草稿上的大段(大块) 划掉,然后在空白处修改的习惯。as a result“结果”。 6. in  考查动词短语。句意:不知怎么的,这些争论和推理导致了 全球误差的减少。result in “导致;造成”。 7. Being blamed  考查非谓语动词。句意:被父亲责备使我很伤 心,我用手捂着脸哭了。此处填动词ing形式作主语;再由句意 可知,用被动式。 8. would have got  考查虚拟语气。句意:他承认自己的所作所为是明 智的,否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。otherwise表示一种含蓄的虚 拟条件,此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。 9. of  考查介词短语。句意:因请假缺席而错过的短文将被接受。 as a result of“由于……的结果”。 10. regularly  考查词性转换。句意:我们开始定期开会拟定计划。 填副词修饰动词。 Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.①n.常客  ②vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)  ③n.启动 2.①C  ②B  ③D  ④A 核心素养·双写培优 Ⅰ.应用文写作运用 1. ①There exists a problem between my parents and me,making it impossible for me to carry on with my study.   ②Determined to settle it,Im writing to seek your help.   ③I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe.   ④My parents think my hobby will result in my poor academic performance.   ⑤What makes me disappointed is that they always argue with me about my hobby.   ⑥ They warn me to give it up. Otherwise,they are determined not to provide for me.   ⑦I am greatly convinced that you can argue my parents into supporting my hobby. 2.参考范文: There exists a problem between my parents and me,making it impossible for me to carry on with my study. Determined to settle it, Im writing to seek your help. Actually,I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe. However,my parents think my hobby will result in my poor academic performance. Moreover, what makes me disappointed is that they always argue with me about my hobby. Even worse,they warn me to give it up. Otherwise,they are determined not to provide for me. I am greatly convinced that you can argue my parents into supporting my hobby. Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 素材运用 第一步  1. Alice felt relieved to see a car approaching.   2. she gasped with relief  3. a mixture of warmth and relief flooded over her 4. She breathed a sigh of relief  Reaching the tall building where her office was,Alice breathed a sigh of relief   5. Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes  he just smiled warmly  6. She felt warm in the cold day 第二步  参考范文: Alice felt relieved to see a car approaching. When the driver with a smile offered a ride to her,she gasped with relief. Then Alice finally got in the car,and a mixture of warmth and relief flooded over her. Reaching the tall building where her office was,Alice breathed a sigh of relief. Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes as she thanked the stranger for his help,but he just smiled warmly. She felt warm in the cold day,and believed there was kindness in every corner. 直击高考·精准落实 真题感悟 1. A  细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine hightension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知,无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路,它 们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他 重要方面。故选A。 2. C  词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知,据计算,单是欧洲铁 路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元,其中包括常常在夜 里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施。由此可知,铁路 “maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故选C。 3. A  细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,因为能提前看 到,无人机可以感知到任何问题,这样快速前进的列车就可以及 时作出反应。由此可推知,期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前 发现问题,并给列车发出警告。故选A。 4. D  标题归纳题。通读全文可知,                                                                          本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将 —106— 如何改变铁路的未来。故D项最适合做文章标题。故选D。 语言能力 (二)the +比较级,the +比较级  检查越定期,铁路的安全性、可靠 性和准点率就越高。 练案[15] Ⅰ. A     语篇导读:本文主要介绍了四本关于月球的儿童读物。 1. B  细节理解题。根据题干中的年龄查看四本书的适龄对象,由 “Whose Moon Is That?by Kim Krans”部分中的Ages 3 to 7可知, 金·克兰斯写的书适合3岁孩子读。故选B。 2. C  细节理解题。 Moons First Friends by Susanna Leonard Hill部分 中的最后一句“However,the loneliness of the moon ends up one day as humans from the earth decide to send spaceships and astronauts to the moon.” My Little HalfMoon by Douglas Todd Jennerich部 分中的倒数第二句“Then the boy decides to stay together with the moon.       ” 两本书都涉 及人类与月 球为伴。故 选C。 3. D   细节理解题。根据题干中的mooncake 定位到A Big Mooncake for Little Star by Grace Lin部分,由其中的第三句 “However,baking the mooncake is not easy for the baby star as the moon keeps changing its shape.”可知,月亮的形状不断变化导致 小星星做月饼很难。故选D。 B     语篇导读:本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星 防御测试:如果发现了危险的太空岩石,最安全的解决措施就是利 用小型航天器与其撞击,使其偏离轨道。 4. A  细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知,飞行器成功击中目标后,飞行器的 信号消失。故选A。 5. D  细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知,这次撞击是美国 国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于 2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元,其目 的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D。 6. C  推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知,美国国家航空航天 局用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为Dimorphous的小行星,这颗小行 星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行,这次撞击是为了推动它偏离 轨道,撞击是成功的,因此推断撞击后,它很可能缩短自己的轨 道,绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C。 7. B  推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,美国国家航空航天 局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星搜寻太 空望远镜。结合especially the larger ones可知,研究人员之前主 要研究大行星,但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。 由此推断,“NEO测量者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行 星。故选B。 Ⅱ.     语篇导读:本文讲述了作者从一名女飞行员转行做了联合 国维和部队中的一员,作者在文中不仅描述了她的工作,也表达了 对自己工作的骄傲之情。 1. B  根据下文的“However”可知,作者应该是喜欢自己的飞行员 工作的,但是她觉得帮助别人更加重要。enjoy意为“喜欢;享 受”,符合语境。guard保卫,看守。故选B。 2. D  根据上文“I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble”可知,作者认为帮助那些陷入困境的无辜者是 她的责任,所以作者加入了联合国维和部队并执行任务。sign up with意为“和……签约”,符合语境。lead up to导致;look up to尊敬;keep up with和……保持联系。故选D。 3. C  根据上下文和常识可知,中非共和国是一个相对较小的国 家,自20世纪60年代从法国独立以来,政府和反叛者之间就矛 盾不断。independence意为“独立”,符合语境。treatment对待, 治疗;technology技术;inspiration灵感,启发。故选C。 4. A  根据上文“In 2012,a civil war began”可知,国家内部出现战争, 人们应该是逃离了自己的家乡。flee意为“逃走,逃跑”,符合语境。 return返回;sweep打扫,席卷;tend照顾,护理。故选A。 5. C   根据上文“a civil war began”和下文“the United Nations established a peacekeeping   6  in the country”可知,联合国在中 非执行维和任务是对内战的回应。in response意为“作为回 应”,符合语境。in turn反过来,轮流;in surprise 惊奇地;in addition另外。故选C。 6. D  根据语境和常识可知,联合国应该是在这个国家执行维和任 务。mission 意为“任务”,符合语境。measure 方法,措施; reputation名声,名誉;business生意。故选D。 7. C  根据语境和常识可知,作为维和部队的成员他们应该监管城 市和乡村。monitor意为“监控,监管”,符合语境。follow追随; expand扩张;block阻止,阻挡。故选C。 8. A  根据上下文语境可知,维和人员监管城市和乡村是为了确保 没有冲突发生以及供应食物和药品。insure意为“确保”,符合 语境。prove证明;report报道;predict预测。故选A。 9. B  根据上下文语境可知,作者所在的维和部队任务是保证人们 的安全,所以他们应该是让人们远离冲突的屏障。barrier意为 “壁垒,屏障”,符合语境。bridge桥梁:castle城堡;shelter避难 所。故选B。 10. C  根据下文“When they see how others respect me”可知,作为 一名女性,作者特别受重视,因为作者可以成为这个国家许多妇 女和女孩的榜样。value意为“重视”,符合语境。protect保护; trust信任;doubt怀疑。故选C。 11. A  根据上文的“also”以及下文“be respected”可知,看到作者 受重视,其他的非洲女性也觉得和作者一样,她们也值得被尊 重。deserve意为“值得,应得”,符合语境。prefer更喜欢;fail失 败。故选A。 12. B  根据上文“be respected and treated”可知,连词and表顺承 关系,结合respected的意思可知,她们应该被平等对待。equally 意为“平等地”,符合语境。gently 温柔地;seriously 严重地; honestly忠诚地。故选B。 13. D  根据下文“Its long hours in a very tough environment.”可知, 作者生活环境非常艰苦,因此生活并不是奢华的。fancy意为 “奢华的,精致的”,符合语境。boring乏味的;rewarding值得做 的;difficult困难的。故选D。 14. B  根据上文提到生活环境非常艰苦以及下文“with just a bed in a shared room”可知,作者只有最基本的住宿条件。 accommodation 意为“住宿”,符合语境。 association 协会; administration行政部门;adaptation适应。故选B。 15. C  根据上文“However,I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the U. N. Peacekeepers,and that makes it all   15  .”可知,中非因为维和人员变得更加安全,作者作为其中一 员应该是感到值得的。worthwhile意为“值得的”,符合语境。 available可利用的,有空的;ambitious有抱负的;educational有 教育意义的。故选C。 Ⅲ.     语篇导读:《星球大战》对电影制作的影响。 1. F  根据空后一句话“So many characters,devices,and phrases from the movie have become wellknown.”可知,电影中的许多角 色、设备和话语都已经变得家喻户晓;结合空前一句话“If you are a Star Wars fan,then you have probably heard this phrase many times.”可知,《星球大战》的粉丝可能听过很多次这个说法。由 此可推知,该空应讲“如果你不是粉丝的话也应熟悉这些话 语。”,F项符合语境。故选F。 2. B  根据本段第一句中《星球大战》的开头语“A long time ago in a galaxy far,far away. . .”,并结合后面的“traditional characters”可知, 该空应为过渡句,起承上启下的作用。结合各选项可知,B项“实际 上,这部电影的故事情节相当过时。”符合语境。故选B。 3. C  根据上文对《星球大战》特效的描述“the light swords(剑)that could cut,burn and melt through most substances. Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge,realisticlooking space stations”可 知,电影中的特效给观众留下了深刻印象。对比各选项可知,C项 符合语境,即“影迷们从未看过这样的电影。”。故选C。 4. A  此空可用词汇衔接法。空后的methods与选项A中的 techniques对应,选项A中的They指代的是上句中的new movie companies。上文是说,影院需要更多的电影在所有新增的电影 银幕和所有新的多厅影院上映,于是新的电影公司如雨后春笋 般出现,其中包括一些制作实验性电影的小公司,它们尝试了新 的技术。故选A。 5. E  根据空后的“There had been movie continuations previously,but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie.”可知,以前虽然 有过续集电影,但它们往往只是对第一部电影的拙劣模仿,这说明 以前的续集电影并不成功。由此可知,E项符合语境,即“《星球大 战》是历史上第一部真正成功的三部曲电影。”。故选E。 Ⅳ.【写作提示】 故事 人物作者、作者的丈夫、机器人、店员 主要 事件 作者自认为比较懂科技,然而和丈夫的一次购物经历 完全改变了作者对自己的想法。 情节 分析 根据第一段提示语可知,作者摔坏了酒瓶,根据第二段 提示语可知,店员帮助了作者,因此第一段可以描写由 于酒瓶摔坏了,酒洒了一地,引来了人们的目光,作者 感到尴尬至极,与此同时机器又提出了之前的要求,这 一切使作者受够了,作者的丈夫这时找来之前被自己 拒绝的店员帮助自己摆脱困境;第二段可以描写这次 经历使作者意识到,随着科技的进步,只有通过不断学 习,保持谦虚的态度,才能迎接生活中的挑战                                                                          。 —206—

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Unit 4 Space Exploration-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Space Exploration-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Space Exploration-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Space Exploration-【衡中学案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习学案(人教版2019)
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