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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
(主题语境:人与社会——道德品质)
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Li Hua,an energetic medical student,was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened. A
pregnant woman tripped over and fainted. Seeing this,her first response was to conduct first aid,but a passerby
whispered to her “Think twice.”She was in a moral dilemma. After a short hesitation,she chose to send the
woman to a clinic. A physician who had just retired came to assist her. However,her mother spoke sharp words
and complained about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈). Li Hua became scared. She had no income,savings or
insurance. What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money?Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as
a waitress in a nearby café. Her scholarship might also help. A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her
mind,she was almost in despair,and therefore could not sleep until midnight. Her fathers words carried her
through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the
might. What is more precious than life?How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles?”The following
day,she found the pregnant womans husband waiting in her classroom. He thanked Li Hua again and again in
tears. At last,her tension was replaced with pride. Afterwards,Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by
her colleagues quickly. Soon,she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way. A decade later,she was
appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.
*+,-%.(/0
12.(3)
阅读词汇会认
1. physician n.
2. resident physician
3. kindergarten n.
4. insurance n.
5. import n. vt.
6. export n. vt.
7. pole n.
8. pregnant adj.
9. disguise vt. n.
10. maple n.
11. cart n.
12. tear n.
13. might n.
重点词汇会写
1. n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
2. vi.昏倒;晕厥adj.不清楚的;微弱的
3. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
4. n.(小组)教学;讲课
5. n.专业服务费;报酬
6. n.协会;联合会;工会
7. vt.聘任;雇用;租用n.租借;租用
8. n.同事;同僚
9. n.诊所;门诊部
10. adj.遥远的
11. n.十年;十年期
12. adv.在别处;去别处
13. vt.发表(作品);出版
14. n.员工;全体职员
15. n.道德原则;法则;原则
16. adj.被动的;顺从的
17. vi. & vt.悄声说;耳语;低语n.耳语
(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
18. n.子夜;午夜
19. vt. & vi.(bit,bitten)咬;叮;蜇n.咬;
(咬下的)一口;咬伤
20. n.嘴唇
21. n.主席;主持人;董事长
22. n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条
23. n.(餐馆的)女服务员;
女侍者
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24. vt. & vi.(spilt / spilled,spilt / spilled)
(使)洒出;(使)溢出
25. vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走
26. n.绝望vi.绝望;感到无望
27. n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭
28. n.收入;收益
29. prep.每;每一
30. adv.因此;所以
31. adj.道德的;道义上的n.品行;道
德;寓意
32. n.进退两难的境地;困境
33. 道德困境
34. vt.委托;交付
35. vt.接替;取代;更换
拓展词汇会变
1. vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)
加插图→ n.插图;图解;图示→
n.插图画家
2. n.结婚;婚姻→ v.(和某
人)结婚;嫁;娶
3. n.大部分;大多数→ adj.
主要的vi.主修n.主修课程
4. vi. & vt.抱怨;发牢骚→
n.抱怨;投诉
5. vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→
n.反应;回答;回复
6. n.奖学金→ n.学者
7. vt.拒绝接受;不录用→
n.拒绝接受;否决
8. vt.任命;委派→ n.约会;
任命;委任→ adj.约定的;指定的
9. vt.选举;推选→ n.选举;推
选;当选
10. vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于→
n.趋势;趋向
11. vt. & vi.退休;退职;退出→
n.退休→ adj.退休的
12. n.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄
金;存款→ vt.救;节省;储蓄
13. adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧
的→ vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→
adj.令人恐惧的
14. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;
明显的→ adv.急剧地;严厉地→
vt.削尖;磨快;使提高
15. adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→
n.精力;活力;能量
16. n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→
adj.紧张的;担心的;令人紧张的
17. n.事故;车祸;失事→
adj.意外的;偶然的→ adv.偶然地
18. n.手术;企业;经营→
vt. & vi.做手术;经营;操作;运转→ n.
操作员;话务员;经营者
19. vt.帮助;援助→ n.助
理;助手→ n.帮助;援助
20. n.记忆力;回忆→ vt.记
住;记忆
21. n. & vt.伤害;损害→
adj.有害的→ adv.有害地→
adj.无害的
22. adj.灵活的;可变通的→
adv.灵活地→ n.灵活性
运用巩固提能
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In a world where nearly 800
million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes
against the (道德的)grain.”
2.(剑桥高阶)Clean water is a (宝贵的)
commodity in many parts of the world.
3. Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers
who followed only a few (十年)to
decimate a large part of these resources.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) (员工)in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of
medicine where hens are in use.
5.(2022·全国甲卷)When she (退休)
from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,
she decided it was time to take the plunge.
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)She has recovered her
(记忆力).
7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ancient human adults could
not open and close their (嘴唇)easily.
8.(剑桥高阶)She leaned over and (耳
语)something in his ear.
9. (朗文当代)The unusual designs were probably
(引进)from Iran.
10.(2022·全国乙卷) (因此),students
should spare more time for English reading rather
than watching movies or listening to music too
much.
11. As is known to us,its a (美德)to give
a hand to those in need,especially in such a
competitive and stressful society.
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12. I would appreciate it very much if you could give us
some (宝贵的)advice on how to
improve our online English school.
13.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He sniffled quietly,
(眼泪)threatening to spill from his eyes.
14. With the development of science and technology,
whether human beings will be replaced (replace)
by robots in the future is in doubt.
15. He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of
which were published (publish)in the 1990s.
16. Girls who in English in our department
are in the .(major)
17. The resident physician often about his
working conditions and Im tired of his .
(complain)
18. Many people voted for him in the and
eventually he as president.(elect)
19. Seeing the wolf,children were very
,but some adults managed
the beast off.(scare)
20. Doctors on the injured person
immediately and the was very
successful.(operate)
21. When he needed someone him,his
came to his .(assist)
22. The boy is always . Im curious to know
where his comes from.(energy)
23. After his ,the resident
physician moved to the countryside.(retire)
24. He has been ¥ 500 from his income
every month and now his amount to
¥ 50,000.(save)
25. My suggestion got and the
made me in low spirits for a long time.(reject)
26. Mary and I had to meet at the shopping
center,but she failed to keep the ,so I
was very angry.(appoint)
&'4(#&
写准记牢
1. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. 学费
3. 易于做某事;往往会发生
某事
4. 急救
5. 去世
6. 作为对……的纪念
7. 被……绊倒
8. 流着泪;含着泪
9. 处于绝望中
10. 大量
11. 碰见;遇到
语境运用
1.(2021·全国乙卷)These days,safety regulations—
not to mention the modern sports fans desire for a
good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep
stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower.
2.(朗文当代)Her confidence carried her through .
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David insisted on running as if
he had forgotten all his weaknesses,though he was
tripped over within the few kilometers.
4.(剑桥高阶)Few can afford the tuition fees of
!
12,000 a term.
5. The house came to him when his parents passed
away .
6.(柯林斯词典)Theres a great deal of variability
between individuals.
7.(剑桥高阶)I found him in tears in his bedroom.
8.(剑桥高阶)Theyre (the depths of)
over / about the money theyve lost.
9. Ive never come across such an experience in my
time.
【词汇拓展记忆】
聚焦形容词后缀ic / (a)tic “费用”都要考虑到 “in +抽象名词”短语
①energy→energetic精力充沛的
②system→systematic系统的
③base→basic基本的
④organ→organic有机的
⑤enthusiasm→enthusiastic热情的
⑥history→historic有历史意义的
①fare车费
②expense花费
③charge费用;价钱
④fine罚款
⑤fee专业服务费;报酬
⑥tip小费
①in despair处于绝望中
②in silence沉默地
③in surprise吃惊地
④in danger处于危险之中
⑤in anger生气地
⑥in doubt怀疑
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原句译背
1.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
To a person nothing is more precious than their
life. . .
2. the +序数词+名词+ to do
She immediately became the first woman ever to be
hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN
department of the PUMC Hospital.
3. having done作状语
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as
the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having
delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
4. not. . . until. . .直到……才……
Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April
1983.
5. be seen doing某人被看到正在做
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to
faraway villages to provide medical care.
仿写运用
1.没有什么比在炎热的夏天喝一杯冷饮更好的了。
Nothing can be better than having a cold drink on
a hot summer day.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)此次展览精选自世界各地的藏
品,是他四十多年来首次举办的大型作品展览。
Selected from collections throughout the world,it is
the first major exhibition of his work to be held in
over forty years.
3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)读了两年英文
报Youth,我提高了我的学习能力。
,
I have improved my learning ability.
4.(2021·6月浙江,应用文写作)直到欣赏完这次展
览我才对中国传统绘画的魅力有了很好的理解。
I appreciated the exhibition.
5.她有时被看到在那个健身馆锻炼身体。
Now and then, she was seen working out
in the gym.
:;<=%>?@A
1. carry sb. through帮助某人渡过难关
佳句背诵
The scientist had failed several times, but his
determination carried him through some tough times.
这位科学家失败了好几次,但他的决心使他度过了
一些艰难的时期。
归纳拓展
carry sth. through成功完成某事
carry out实施;履行;贯彻
carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on(with)sth.继续
carry off赢得;获得
get carried away变得激动
多维训练
单句语法填空
① I had some difficulty in carrying the
plan.
②He carried most of the prizes in the
competition.
写作运用提能
③(天津卷)我讨厌她在我工作的时候给我打电话,
我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。
I hate it when she calls me at work—Im always too
busy to carry on a conversation with her .
④尽管条件极其艰苦,我们必须坚持下去,直到
成功。
We must carry on till success in spite of extremely
difficult conditions
.
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2. respond vt.回答;回复vi.回答;响应;做出反
应;回应
佳句背诵
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Every time I asked him for advice,he
would respond to / make a response to me immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
归纳拓展
(1)respond to对……做出回应或反应;答复
(2)response n.回答,答复;反应
in response to对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a / no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)How did some drinks companies
respond the sugar tax?
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what
you are looking for on social media,but it probably
wont result in a useful (respond).
写作运用提能
③作为对您投诉信的回应,我做出以下承诺。
In response to your letter of complaint ,I made the
following promises.
3. appoint vt.任命;委派
佳句背诵
Learning that he was appointed as head of the team,
he couldnt contain his excitement and danced into the
house.(动作和心理描写)
得知他被任命为队长后,他激动得雀跃着进了家门。
归纳拓展
(1)appoint sb. as / to be. . .任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n.约会;约定,预约;委任
make / have an appointment(with sb.)(与某人)约会/
预约
keep / break an / the appointment守/违(爽)约
(3)appointed adj.约定的;指定的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The man made the phone call
to make an appointment (appoint).
②I have something urgent to handle and therefore,I have
to cancel the appointment (appoint)with you,and I
will appoint my brother to meet (meet)you at the
airport.
写作运用提能
③(2021·北京,书面表达)由于已经和牙医预约,我
非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I have made / had an appointment with the
dentist ,I am terribly sorry for not accompanying
you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
→ ,
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the
bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作
状语改写)
4. scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓
佳句背诵
I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my
fathers cloudy face.
我胆怯地低着头,不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。
归纳拓展
(1)scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb. / sth.害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
(3)scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①After watching a (scare)film in the
cinema,she was scared walking home
alone and therefore,she called a taxi.
②Some parents try to scare their illbehaved children
into behaving (behave)well.
写作运用提能
③(2020·浙江卷,读后续写)当我意识到那头熊要
回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to
attack us, I was nearly scared to death .
5. replace vt.接替;取代;更换;代替;把……放回
原处
佳句背诵
I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama
,
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which came as a big shock to the class.
我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大
为震惊。
归纳拓展
(1)replace. . . with / by . . .用……替换;以……接替
(2)take the place of / take ones place代替
in place of. . . / in ones place代替
(3)replacement n.[U]更换;替换;[C]替换的人(物)
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Our cities will be better places if
we replace cars with / by bicycles.
②Most scientists agree that computers cant completely
take place of humans.
写作运用提能
③紧张和恐惧被欢乐所取代。它开始舔埃勒斯
的脸。
Nervousness and fear were replaced by / with joy .
It just started licking Ehlers face.
6. assist vt.帮助;协助;援助
佳句背诵
(2021·全国甲卷,书面表达)Im wondering if you
could assist me in choosing / to choose the suitable
topics for the class meeting.
我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
归纳拓展
(1)assist sb. to do / in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with / in sth.在某方面帮助某人
(2)assistance n.帮助;协助
come / go to ones assistance来/去援助某人
with the assistance of. . .在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n.助手;助理
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that
could be avoided with drones (assist)
the crews efforts.
②Having a great deal of teaching experience at a
primary school,I do believe that I am qualified to be
your teaching (assist).
写作运用提能
③作为对你上封信的回复,我确保我会在英语口语
方面帮你。首先,我会帮你改正你的发音。(回复
求助信)
In response to your last letter,I make sure that I will
assist you with / in your oral English .
Firstly,I will
.
④(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)正当这对双
胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候,
爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下,这对双
胞胎成功了,脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldnt
succeed in making a delicious Mothers Day
breakfast,their father came to their assistance .
With the assistance of their father / With their father
assisting them , the twins made it, their faces
brimming with happy smiles.
7. harm n. & vt.伤害;损害;危害
佳句背诵
I cupped my hand over the phone,whispering that I
meant no harm.(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话,低声说我没有恶意。
归纳拓展
(1)do sb. harm / do harm to sb.对某人有害
There is no harm(in)doing sth.做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害
(3)harmless adj.无害的;不致伤害的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The physician says that the medicine is harmful
children but (harm)to adults.
写作运用提能
②(2021·全国乙卷)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身
心健康有害。因此,戒掉它没有害处。
Being addicted to online games is harmful to / does
harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore,
there is no harm (in)getting rid of it .
8. a great / good deal (of)许多的;大量的
佳句背诵
He spent a great / good deal of time with the poor
families,and he learned a great / good deal
from the
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experience.
他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起,而且
他从中学到了很多东西。
归纳拓展
(1)a great / good deal of许多的,大量的,只能修饰不
可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many(of)。
(2)a great / good deal用作副词短语时,可用于修饰
形容词、副词比较级来加强程度,也可以用来修饰动
词作状语。
(3)a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量,许
多”,作主语或者宾语。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The thief ran a great deal (fast)than the
policeman but at last he didnt escape being caught.
写作运用提能
②(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)尽管大卫比
其他孩子跑得慢得多,但他成功到达终点线,脸上
洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他
鼓掌。
Although David ran a great / good deal slower than
the other kids ,he made it to the finish line with a
determined smile brimming on his face. A great
many of the kids couldnt resist applauding him.
9. tear n.眼泪;泪水vt.(tore,torn)撕破;撕扯
佳句背诵
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)Hearing their plan,
Bernard jumped for joy, tears of happiness and
gratitude welling up in his eyes.
听到他们的计划,伯纳德高兴得跳了起来,幸福和感
激的泪水涌上双眼。
归纳拓展
(1)in tears流着泪;含着泪
burst into tears突然大哭起来
fight / hold back tears强忍住泪水
(2)tear sth. apart撕碎某物
tear sth. down推倒;拆毁(建筑物)
tear sth. up把(纸/布)撕碎
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The boy stood there,looking at his friend
tears.
②I dont know what it was in the novel that made him
burst tears.
写作运用提能
③看着这个绝望的女士,我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼
里噙着泪水,我拥抱她,尽力安慰她。她把头靠在
我的肩膀上,大哭起来,哭诉着她自己的不幸
遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair,I couldnt fight / hold
back tears . With my eyes in tears ,I tried to
comfort her by hugging her. She rested her head on
my shoulder and burst into tears ,sobbing out the
story of her unfortunate experience.
④妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信,我捶胸痛哭。
My mother tore my letter open without my
permission and I wailed with my fists beating my
chest.
10. To a person nothing is more precious than
their life. . .
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加
珍贵的了……
佳句背诵
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“I have never had a more
delicious breakfast than this one!” the mother
responded excitedly.
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了!”妈妈激动地
回答道。
归纳拓展
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用,表达最高级含
义。常用的否定词有:no,not,never,nothing,
nobody,hardly等,其意义为:没有比这更……的了。
名师点津
can / could never / not +形容词/副词+ enough / too +形
容词/副词表示“再……也不为过;越……越……”。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Mr. Smith is a great teacher—I really couldnt find a
(good)teacher.
写作运用提能
②(2022·全国乙卷,书面表达)与他人用英语聊天
是最好的学习英语的方法。
It couldnt be to chat with others in
English in English study.
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③对我们来说,没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递
善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us,nothing is more important than passing on
kindness to those in trouble.
④我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的
了。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I hold the strong belief that
to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
11. She immediately became the first woman
ever to be hired as a resident physician in
the OBGYN department of the PUMC
Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以
来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。
佳句背诵
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)John was the first person to
think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some
extra money. He was convinced that he had the ability
to help Bernard out of the difficulty.
约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的
人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
归纳拓展
(1)此句中的不定式to be hired. . .作后置定语,修饰名
词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数
词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前面有the only,the last,
the right等时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)在time,way,chance,ability,promise,attempt等名
词后,常用不定式作后置定语,表示将要发生的动作。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2023·山东省潍坊市期末)China has detailed
measures to boost its climate change monitoring and
risk prevention capabilities,marking a significant
step forward in the countrys efforts to enhance
(enhance)its climate resilience(气候适应性).
写作运用提能
②我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上唯一一个
出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的
最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student
in my class to go abroad for further study. There is
no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible
for the job .
③我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I cant afford to miss such a precious chance to
strengthen each others understanding .
12. The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr
Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
新中国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了关键的作
用。
佳句背诵
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The next moment saw the
mothers surprise and happiness when she tasted the
breakfast prepared for her by the twins.
紧接着,当母亲品尝到双胞胎为她准备的早餐时,她
又惊又喜。
归纳拓展
(1)see意为“见证,目睹,经历”时,常以表示时代、
年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地
“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)find,witness,say,experience等词在句中作谓语,
用物作主语时,表示一种拟人的手法,以增添语言
色彩。
多维训练
写作运用提能
①(2020·天津卷)此外,还播放了关于这三年生活
的视频,它们见证了我们成长的整个过程。
Whats more,videos about the three years life,
which witnessed the whole process of our growth ,
were played.
②(2022·全国甲卷)不幸的是,随着我们经济的发
展,近年来目睹了海洋被污染了。
Unfortunately,as our economy advances, recent
years have seen the oceans being polluted
.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Road accidents (accident),which
had fallen for years,are now rising sharply (sharp).
2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially
scared the insects and turned off by the
dirt,most are eager to try something new.
3.(牛津高阶)Dont leave toys lying around—someone
might trip them.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)In spring,the snow was replaced
mud over ice.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Its jawdropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”
(but quite eatable)vegetables (reject)
by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
6.(2023·全国甲卷)There is also research showing
that pot plants can clean the air around them by
removing (harm)gases,such as carbon
dioxide.
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)Ms. Burdeyney is a trained
nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after
(retire).
8. The manager asked his staff to carry with
the market research as usual when he was on his
business trip.
9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The sweet spot in life to start
exercising,if you havent already,is in late middle
age when the heart still has (flexible).
10.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Sarah made the phone call to
cancel an (appoint).
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①(2022·全国乙卷)Costs would be cut and
operations would be more efficient(高效)across the
board.
②(2022·全国甲卷)When you put them down
between bites,always put them down together so they
are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)People with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the
sport.
2.选出sharp的汉语意思
A. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的 B. adj.锋利的
C. adj.突然转向的 D. adj.敏锐的 E. adj.
尖锐的 F. adj.深刻的,犀利的
①(2020·浙江卷)He exposed his sharp teeth,
glaring at us as he ran forward. B
②(2020·浙江卷)Challenging work might help
your brain stay sharp as you age. D
③Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest
in gardening throughout the town. A
④The car made a sharp turn to the left. C
⑤(2022·全国甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp
that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. E
⑥(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun,
sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent
simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper
thoughts on desire,loneliness and aging.
F
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Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(人物介绍——最尊敬的人)
1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①当说到我最尊敬的人时,第一个出现在我脑海
里的人是李叔叔。(不定式作定语)
②十年前,他就被聘为我们社区的警卫。
③虽然他的工作可能很无聊,但他从不抱怨,而且
往往精力充沛。
④他总是第一个帮助那些有困难的人解决他们困
境的人。
⑤他总会耐心回答其他人的问题,
并且不遗余力
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⑥被他的无私贡献所感动,人们已选他为我们社
区的榜样。
2.
使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“感激”和“感动”
素材积累
必
备
单
词
形容词:thankful,grateful,moving,moved,touching,touched,副词:gratefully,名词:gratitude,appreciation,动
词:move,appreciate,thank,touch
高
级
词
块
1. shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 2. be moved to tears感动得落泪
3. owe sb. a lot / a great deal非常感激某人 4. with gratitude / appreciation感激地
5. have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激 6. be deeply moved / touched by. . . 被……深深感动
素材运用
第一步 按要求完成下列句子。
1.彼得差点撞上一辆路过的汽车,那时一位过路人
把他推到了安全的地方。
Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a
passerby pushed him to the safe place. (be
doing. . . when. . .)
2.感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:
“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”
→ Tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks. Peter
said thankfully,“Youve saved me today. I couldnt
thank you enough.” (简单句)
→ With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks,
Peter said thankfully,“Youve saved me today. I
couldnt thank you enough.” (with复合结构)
3.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照,实在令人感动。
It was very moving to see how much strangers could
care for each other. (it作形式主语)
4.当这位过路人接过一个小男孩的鲜花时,他感激
地笑起来。
The passerby smiled with gratitude as he accepted
the flowers given by a small boy.(介词短语)
5.人群被深深地感动了,更大声地拍手。
Touched / Moved deeply ,the crowd clapped their
hands even more loudly.(非谓语动词作状语)
6.了解事情的经过后,彼得的母亲流下了喜悦和感
激的泪水。
Knowing what had happened, Peters mother shed
tears of joy and gratitude .(名词;简单句)
第二步 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵,注意使
用合适的衔接过渡词汇
。
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真题感悟
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if
nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”This was an
actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for
volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that theres probably some demanding work
schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help
for an unknown sport. She may just need a little
persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I
mention the single parent with four kids running the
show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his
kids arent even on. . . At this point the unwilling
parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes,Ill do it.”
Im secretly relieved because I know theres real
power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.
The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends
out emails,and collects money for endofseason gifts.
Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up
becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is
able to focus on the kids while the other parents are
relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out
sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as
watching your own kid score a goal.
Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief
when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled
with a deep understanding of why the same people keep
coming back for more:Connecting to the community
(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or
services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so
good.
In that sense,Im pretty sure volunteering is more
of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However,if
others benefit in the process,and I get some reward
too,does it really matter where my motivation lies?
1. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in
Paragraph 1? C
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isnt good at sports.
C. She just doesnt want to volunteer.
D. Shes unable to meet her schedule.
2. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the
heartstrings”in Paragraph 2 mean? B
A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
3. What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph
3? D
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. Shell work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
4. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? B
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
1. anxiety n.焦虑
2. invaluable adj.极宝贵的
3. be off the hook摆脱困境
4. coach vt.训练,培训,指导
5. couple v.(把车辆或设备等)连接;结合
(二)长难句突破
That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of
why the same people keep coming back for more:
Connecting to the community as you freely give your
time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.
分析:这是一个复合句,of后面是一个why引导
的宾语 从句。冒号后的句子用来解释a deep
understanding,其中动词ing短语Connecting to the
community是句子的主语,as引导状语 从句。
翻译:
温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[13]
"$'
帮助他的人们挥手致意。wave at意为“对……挥手”,符合语境。
shout at对……大声喊;glance at瞥一眼;point at指向。故选D。
15. C 根据上文“whod saved the day”可知,作者在除夕这天获得
陌生人的帮助,所以作者觉得没有比这更好的中国除夕了。
good意为“好的”,符合语境。crazy更疯狂的;tough困难的;bad
糟糕的。故选C。
Ⅲ. 语篇导读:本文主要介绍了“Stop Food Waste Day”的创立
和其宗旨,并提出了一些阻止食物浪费的方法。
1. C 空前一句讲到食物浪费现象严重,下文则讲到“Stop Food
Waste Day”的创立及一些阻止食物浪费的方法,由此可见,食物
浪费是可以阻止的,C项“然而,食物浪费是可以阻止的。”符合
语境。故选C。
2. A 分析语境寻线索:空前一句讲到“Stop Food Waste Day”是由
Compass Group创立的,空后则讲到“Compass country teams will
work together”,因此,空处承上启下,应该会讲到其最初创立时
候的一些情况→对比选项定答案:A项“它把大约30个国家团
结在了一起。”符合语境。故选A。
3. E 空前一句讲到“Stop Food Waste Day旨在教育人们了解食物
浪费”,E项“更重要的是,它提供了富有创意的和有影响力的解
决方案。”承接上文,并且能引出下文中讲到的“改变人们利用剩
饭的方式”,E项符合语境。故选E。
4. B 本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“Show your support. . .
plan ahead”可知,本段主要讲到了为阻止食物浪费,人们可以利
用的方法,B项“现在该你采取行动了。”适合作本段的主旨句。
故选B。
5. G 结合本段的主旨句可知,本段主要讲到阻止食物浪费可以利
用的方法,G项“在购物前先看看需要用完的东西,避免浪费食
物。”也是具体方法之一,且“Also”也可以与上文形成并列关系,
G项符合语境。故选G。
Ⅳ.【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、作者的父母
主要事件
作者的母亲勤俭持家,她从不会把钱花在不实用的
东西上。一天,在回家的路上,作者的母亲看到商店
的橱窗里有一件“大红裙子”并目不转睛地看着,但
嘴里却说着各种不喜欢的话。在母亲节的前一天去
镇上的时候,母亲发现“大红裙子”不见了,母亲有
些失落。
情节分析
根据续写两段提示语可知,母亲最终收到“大红裙
子”作为礼物。故第一段可描写母亲打开礼物前后
的反应;第二段则描写母亲见到“大红裙子”感到很
惊喜,以及接下来做了些什么。
参考范文:
On the morning of Mothers Day,Mother got a large box that read
“Eatons Finest Basin”on its wrapping paper. “Oh Frank,”she
praised,“just what I wanted!”Dad was sitting in his rocker,a huge
grin on his face.“Only a fool wouldnt give a priceless wife like mine
exactly what she wants for Christmas,”he laughed.“Go ahead,open it
up and make sure there are no chips.”Mother quietly opened the box
to find a big white dishpan—overflowing with deep red satin that
spilled out across her lap. With her hands trembling,she touched the
elegant material of Big Red.
“Oh Frank. . .”She choked up and couldnt say a word,tears
welling up in her eyes. Her face was as bright as the star that twinkled
on our tree in the corner of the small room.“You shouldnt have. . .”
came her faint attempt at scolding. “Oh now,never mind that!”Dad
said.“Lets see if it fits,”he laughed,helping her slip the marvelous
dress over her shoulders. I watched in surprise,attracted by the beauty
of my mother I had never noticed before.“You look beautiful,”my dad
whispered to my mom—and she surely did!
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
必备知识·巧记活用
1 立体巧记单词
阅读词汇会认
1.医师;(尤指)内科医生 2.住院医师 3.学前班;幼儿园 4.保
险;保险业 5.进口;进口商品 进口;输入;引进 6.出口;出口
商品 出口;输出;传播 7.(行星的)极;地极 8.怀孕的;妊娠的
9.装扮;假扮;掩盖 伪装;化装用具 10.枫树;槭树 11.手推
车;运货马车 12.眼泪 13.力量;威力
重点词汇会写
1. virtue 2. faint 3. precious 4. tuition 5. fee 6. union 7. hire
8. colleague 9. clinic 10. faraway 11. decade 12. elsewhere
13. publish 14. staff 15. principle 16. passive 17. whisper
18. midnight 19. bite 20. lip 21. chairman 22. chain
23. waitress 24. spill 25. limp 26. despair 27. court 28. income
29. per 30. therefore 31. moral 32. dilemma 33. moral dilemma
34. entrust 35. replace
拓展词汇会变
1. illustrate illustration illustrator 2. marriage marry 3. majority
major 4. complain complaint 5. respond response 6. scholarship
scholar 7. reject rejection 8. appoint appointment appointed
9. elect election 10. tend tendency 11. retire retirement retired
12. saving save 13. scared scare scary 14. sharp sharply
sharpen 15. energetic energy 16. tension tense 17. accident
accidental accidentally 18. operation operate operator 19. assist
assistant assistance 20. memory memoriz(s)e 21. harm harmful
harmfully harmless 22. flexible flexibly flexibility
运用巩固提能
1. moral 2. precious 3. decades 4. Staff 5. retired 6. memory
7. lips 8. whispered 9. imported 10. Therefore 11. virtue
12. precious 13. tears 14. will be replaced 15. were published
16. major majority 17. complains complaints 18. election was
elected 19. scary scared to scare 20. operated operation 21. to
assist assistant assistance 22. energetic energy 23. retirement
retired 24. saving savings 25. rejected rejection 26. appointed
appointment
2 语境助记短语
写准记牢
1. carry sb. through sth. 2. tuition fees 3. tend to do sth. 4. first
aid 5. pass away 6. in memory of 7. trip over 8. in tears 9. in
despair 10. a great deal (of) 11. come across
语境运用
1. tend to 2. carried through 3. tripped over 4. tuition fees
5. passed away 6. a great deal of 7. in tears 8. in despair
9. come across
3 仿写速记句式
原句译背
1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……
2.她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院
医师的女性。 3.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之
母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 4.林医生直到1983
年4月22日她去世的那一天才退休。 5.有时人们甚至会看到
她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
仿写运用
1. Nothing can be better than 2. to be held 3. Having read the
English newspaper Youth for two years 4. I didnt have a good
understanding of the charm of traditional Chinese paintings until
5. she was seen working out
核心考点·讲练提升
1.①out ②off ③too busy to carry on a conversation with her
④carry on till success in spite of extremely difficult conditions
2.①to ②response ③In response to your letter of complaint
3.①appointment ② appointment to meet ③have made / had an
appointment with the dentist Having made / had an appointment with
the dentist 4. ①scary of ②behaving ③I was nearly scared to
death 5. ① with / by ② the ③ Nervousness and fear were
replaced by / with joy 6.①assisting ②assistant ③assist you with /
in your oral English assist you to correct / in correcting your
pronunciation ④ came to their assistance With the assistance of
their father / With their father assisting them 7.①to harmless ②is
harmful to / does harm to there is no harm (in)getting rid of it
8.① faster ② ran a great / good deal slower than the other kids
A great many of 9.①in ②into ③couldnt fight / hold back tears
in tears burst into tears ④tore my letter open 10.①better
②better ③more important than passing on kindness ④nobody is
more suitable 11.①to enhance ②the only student in my class to go
abroad the best person to be responsible for the job ③to strengthen
each others understanding 12. ①witnessed the whole process of our
growth ②have seen the oceans being polluted
关键能力·对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. accidents sharply 考查名词的数。句意:交通事故数年来一直
在下降,现在却急剧上升。根据谓语are rising可知填名词复数
作主语。
2. of 考查介词。句意:虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫,对泥土感到厌
烦,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。be scared of. . .“害怕……”。
3. over 考查动词短语。句意:不要把玩具到处乱放,有人可能会
被它们绊倒。trip over“被……绊倒”。
4. by / with 考查动词短语。句意:春来之后,积雪被冰上的泥泞所
替代。replace. . . with / by. . .“用……替换
……”。
—695—
5. rejected 考查非谓语动词。句意:令人瞠目结舌的是,有多少原
本很好的食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”(但还可以吃)的被杂货
店拒绝的蔬菜,到大量没吃的被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶的菜。由句
意可知,填过去分词作后置定语。
6. harmful 考查词性转换。句意:也有研究表明,盆栽植物可以通
过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。形容词修饰名
词gases。
7. retirement 考查词性转换。句意:Burdeyney女士是一名训练有
素的护士,退休后仍在做私人教练。after是介词,介词后用名词
作宾语。
8. on 考查动词短语。句意:经理出差时要求员工像往常一样继
续进行市场调查。carry on with“继续”。
9. flexibility 考查词性转换。句意:如果你还没有开始锻炼的话,
最好是在中年后期,这时心脏还有弹性。名词作has的宾语。
10. appointment 考查词性转换。句意:萨拉打电话来取消约会。
冠词an修饰名词。
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.①n.运行;操作 ②n.(咬下的)一口 ③n.个人经历;履历
2.①B ②D ③A ④C ⑤E ⑥F
核心素养·双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
1.①When it comes to the person I respect most,the first man to
come to my mind is Uncle Li. ②He was hired to work as a guard
in our community a decade ago. ③ Though his work may be
boring,he never complains about it and tends to be energetic.
④He is always the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their
dilemmas. ⑤He will respond to others questions patiently and
spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.
⑥Moved by his selfless devotion,people has elected him as a role
model in our community.
2.参考范文:
When it comes to the person I respect most,the first man to
come to my mind is Uncle Li.
He was hired to work as a guard in our community a decade
ago. Though his work may be boring,he never complains about it
and tends to be energetic. Besides,he is always the first one to
assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas. Whats more,he
will respond to others questions patiently and spare no effort to
provide a great deal of practical advice.
Therefore,moved by his selfless devotion,people has elected
him as a role model in our community.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
素材运用
第一步 1. Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a
passerby pushed him to the safe place. 2. Tears of gratitude rolled
down his cheeks. Peter said thankfully,“Youve saved me today. I
couldnt thank you enough.” With tears of gratitude rolling down his
cheeks,Peter said thankfully,“Youve saved me today. I couldnt
thank you enough.” 3. It was very moving to see how much strangers
could care for each other. 4. The passerby smiled with gratitude
5. Touched / Moved deeply 6. Peters mother shed tears of joy and gratitude
第二步 参考范文:
Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passerby
pushed him to the safe place. With tears of gratitude rolling down his
cheeks,Peter said thankfully,“Youve saved me today. I couldnt
thank you enough.”It was very moving to see how much strangers could
care for each other. The passerby smiled with gratitude as he accepted
the flowers given by a small boy. Touched / Moved deeply,the crowd
clapped their hands even more loudly. Later,knowing what had
happened,Peters mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
直击高考·精准落实
真题感悟
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“You can use me as a last
resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可
知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,
她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。故选C。
2. B 词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二
段的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的
两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可
知,B项正确。故选B。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The unwilling parent
organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money
for endofseason gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电
子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。
故选D。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community
(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services
provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.”可知,志愿者
工作给她带来了快乐。故选B。
语言能力
(二)宾语 状语 和这种宽慰在一起的是深入地理解了为什么同
样的人们会一直回来做更多的事情:当你大量地付出你的时间、金
钱、技术或服务时,和社区的联系会提供一种真正的快乐。
练案[13]
Ⅰ. A
语篇导读:本文主要讲述了从小在法国长大的萨拉·杜米跟
随父亲游访突尼斯之后立志改变世界并身体力行阻止荒漠化进程
的故事。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her passion for helping others
was awakened when,from the age of nine,she accompanied her
Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during
holidays.”可知,自九岁起杜米在假期跟随父亲游访突尼斯的经
历激发了她想帮助他人的热情。故选C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A decrease in average rainfall
and an increase in the severity of droughts(干旱)have led to an
estimated 75 percent of Tunisias agricultural lands being threatened
by desertification.”可知,降水量的减少使得干旱程度加剧,最终
导致土地荒漠化。故选A。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“She moved to Tunisia,and set
up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming
philosophy into action.”可知,她建立这个项目的目的是把自己可
持续发展的理念付诸实践,进而能够更好地保护土地。故选D。
4. C 标题归纳题。通读整篇文章,尤其根据第二段中的“Within
10 years rich farmers became worse off,and in 10 years from now
they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.”可知,杜
米通过植树造林和普及可持续发展理念等方式来阻止撒哈拉沙
漠扩张,即阻止土地荒漠化进程。故选C。
B
语篇导读:本文主要讲述了一项研究发现,说谎不会让人鼻子
变大,反而会让其变小。
5. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One has to think in order to
lie,which raises the temperature of the forehead”可知,一个人在撒
谎的时候需要费力思考,这会让他额头的温度上升。故选B。
6. A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the socalled‘Pinocchio
effect’and found that our noses dont grow longer when we tell a lie,
but actually get a little bit smaller”和常识可以推断,“反向匹诺曹
效应”指的是说谎者的鼻子会变小。故选A。
7. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中研究人员Dr. Gomez Milan所
说的话“police could one day combine other lie detection technology
with their technology to achieve better results”可知,热成像测谎仪
可用于协助警方。故选A。
8. C 标题归纳题。本文是一篇研究报告。根据研究结果,即第一
段中的“found that our noses dont grow longer when we tell a lie,
but actually get a little bit smaller”并结合下文可知,本文主要针
对“反向匹诺曹效应”进行了实验验证并得出了结论,故C项
“说谎会让鼻子变长吗?”既说明了文章大意,又能引起读者的阅
读兴趣,适合作本文的标题。故选C。
C
语篇导读:本文讲述了德韦萨用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾
脏给自己的妈妈,并取得了成功。这一成功的案例具有积极的影响。
9. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“exchanging half her liver
(肝)for someone elses kidney”和第五段内容可知,德韦萨为了帮助
妈妈移植合适的肾脏,用自己的一半肝脏作为交换。故选D。
10. C 主旨大意题。整体阅读第三段,并结合关键句“there are never
enough organs”以及“people with kidney failure are increasingly
receiving donated organs from relatives or friends”可知,器官不够用,
肾衰竭患者越来越多地接受亲友捐赠的器官,医生可能会找到成
对的潜在捐赠者,他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的亲属,因此
该段主要介绍了器官移植的现状。故选C。
11. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The team hope that
the groundbreaking case will inspire more people to consider doing
the same.”可知,他们两个的“器官互换”的成功可以对其他人
产生激励作用,从而使直接交换器官的案例增加。由此可推
知,这产生了令人满意的结果。故选D。
12. A 标题归纳题。通过阅读文章可知,本文主要讲述了德韦萨
用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈,并取得了成
功,并以此为延伸介绍了其可能产生的积极影响。因此A项
(我的肝,你的肾)不仅贴合主旨,且作为标题更具有吸引力。
故选A。
Ⅱ. 语篇导读:文章主要说明了人不应该把已经发生的事情归
咎于别人或者归咎于环境因素,这是一种拒绝为自己的错误承担
责任的行为。
1. D 根据下文“In this way you can put all the faults and the
problems on others.”和“
its just an attempt to refuse to take
—795—