内容正文:
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UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
(主题语境:人与自我——语言学习)
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When referring to English,we know English is widely used in global affairs. No matter what kind of
English people are speaking,native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”,“petrol”,
“subway”,“apartment”,“pants”,“semester”and other words despite the small differences in vocabulary.
But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words. On the other hand,from
foreigners’points of view,Chinese is regarded as a demanding language. Firstly,the major language which is
called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn,let alone varieties of dialects. Secondly,Chinese
characters are abstract symbols for them. The writing system,dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people
carved something with specific meanings on bones or shells,is like strange pictures. However,based on the
common appreciation of these characters,some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know
more about the ups and downs in ancient times. Besides,calligraphy is also an art form closely related to
Chinese culture. I beg all the people hold a positive attitude to both languages,which are of equal importance. To
bridge the gap between cultures,by no means should we give up learning them well.
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12.(3)
阅读词汇会认
1. bone n.
2. shell n.
3. carve vt. & vi.
4. dynasty n.
5. dialect n.
6. tongue n.
7. semester n.
8. pants n. [pl.](BrE) ;
(especially NAmE)
重点词汇会写
1. n.十亿
2. adj.本地的n.本地人
3. n.态度;看法
4. n.体系;制度;系统
5. prep.即使;尽管
6. n.因素;要素
7. n.符号;象征
8. n.方式;方法;途径
9. adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的n.经
典作品;名著
10. n.尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待
11. n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
12. n.书法;书法艺术
13. n.公共事务;事件;关系
14. n. & vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
15. n.(NAmE gas)汽油
16. n.(BrE underground)地铁
17. n.(especially NAmE)公寓套房
18. n.间隔;开口;差距
19. n.词汇
拓展词汇会变
1. n.指称关系;参考→ vi.
提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助于
2. adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重
要部分(或特征的)→ vt.以……为基
础n.底部;根据→ n.基础→
adj.基础的
3. n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;
多样
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化→ v.变化;不同→ adj.
各种各样的
4. adj.主要的;重要的;大的n.主修课
程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究→ n.
大多数
5. adj.全球的;全世界的→
n.地球;地球仪
6. vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi.增值→
n.感激;欣赏→ adj.感激的
7. adj.特定的;明确的;具体的→
adv.特定地;明确地
8. vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→ n.
乞丐
9. n.同等的人;相等物adj.相同的;同
样的→ adv.平等地→ n.
平等
10. n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.
查问→ adj.要求高的
11. n.描写(文字);形容→
vt.描述
12. vt.联系;讲述→ adj.相
关的→ n.关系→ n.关系
运用巩固提能
1.(牛津高阶)They had a wonderful holiday,
(尽管)the bad weather.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)Although landscapes in the
Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or
highways,sometimes I find distinctive character
(特点)in the hills or lakes.
3. (剑桥高阶)Some of the tunnels in the cliff are
natural,some were carved (雕刻)out.
4. (剑桥高阶)Ive been struggling (奋斗)to
understand this article all afternoon.
5.(柯林斯词典)His vocabulary (词汇)was sound
and his grammar was excellent.
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Steven Moran says the set of human
speech sounds is a complex and dynamic system (系
统).
7.(2022·全国乙卷)When you ride a bicycle,you
dont use petrol (汽油).
8.(2022·全国甲卷)Theres one notable gap (差
距)in my newmedia experience,however.
9. Lets state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is
almost the international symbol (象征) for
genius.
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If food waste were a country,
it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse
gases (gas)in the world.
11.(2022·全国乙卷)What is Susans attitude to
Johns problem?
12. The majority of the students look forward to
majoring in English because English majors
can find a job easily.(major)
13. I would like to express my appreciation to all of
you. I am completely appreciative of your support.
No words are enough to express how I appreciate
your assistance.(appreciate)
14. All men are born equal ,so everyone hopes to be
treated equally because equality is the essential
demand.(equal)
15. It is an important but demanding job,so it
demands our joint efforts.(demand)
16. I have difficulty describing the tourist attraction,
whose beauty is beyond description .(describe)
17. I was wandering in a subway station when I saw a
beggar begging for food.(beg)
18. The company whose base is in Beijing desires to
build business relationship with us on the basis of
trust and mutual benefit and their goods meet our
basic requirements.(base)
19. When taking examinations,we are banned from
referring to our reference books.(reference)
20. The chairman of the Student Association organizes
varieties of activities, varying from English
Corner to Speech Competitions. So students can
improve various abilities.(variety)
21. I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.
Actually I am closely related to it.(relate)
22.(2022·全国甲卷)First,try every means to fight
against global warming,which has become a great
threat to sea creatures around the globe .(globe
)
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写准记牢
1. 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
2. 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
3. 追溯到
4. 观点;看法
5. 与……相关;涉及;谈到
6. 因为……而著名
7. 起初
8. 导致
9. 在……中起着重要的作用
10. 在……方面有困难
11. 习惯于(做)某事
12. 依靠,依赖
语境运用
1. The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone
abroad.
2.(剑桥高阶)This tradition dates back to medieval
times.
3.(剑桥高阶)Like most married couples weve had
our ups and downs ,but lifes like that.
4.(朗文当代)I respect your point of view but Im
not sure I agree with you.
5.(朗文当代)A degree in English could lead to a
career in journalism.
6.(朗文当代)Parents play an important role in
their childs learning.
7. (2022·全国甲卷)It goes without saying that
oceans play a major role in
the world.
【词汇拓展记忆】
盘点ic结尾形容词加ally变副词 单复数意义不同的名词小结 无“被动语态”的短语
①basic基本的→basically基本上;根本上
②specific具体的→specifically具体地
③scientific科学的→scientifically科学地
④automatic自动的→automatically自动地
⑤ enthusiastic 热情的→ enthusiastically 热
情地
⑥dramatic戏剧性的→dramatically戏剧性地
①custom风俗→customs海关
②manner方式→manners礼貌
③paper纸→papers文件
④art艺术→arts文科
⑤short短片→shorts短裤;内裤
⑥mean平均值→means方式;方
法;途径
①date from/ back to追溯到
②come into being诞生
③take place发生
④belong to属于
⑤come into existence成立;开始
存在
⑥consist of由……组成
567(89
原句译背
1. why引导的定语从句
There are many reasons why this has been possible,
but one of the main factors has been the Chinese
writing system.
2. be of +抽象名词= be +形容词
That writing system was of great importance in
uniting the Chinese people and culture.
3.“no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句
Even today,no matter where Chinese people live
or what dialect they speak,they can all still
communicate in writing.
4. as引导的时间状语从句,意为“随着”
As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an
increasing number of international students are
beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history
through this amazing language.
5. the +比较级. . .,the +比较级. . .
It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a
language,the more my brain would grow.
仿写运用
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)在这次活动之前,
你已经做好了
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充分的准备,这是你出现在这里的最重要原因。
You have a full preparation before this event,which is
the most important reason why you show up here .
2.(牛津高阶)学历史的学生会对这个讲座特别有
兴趣。
The lecture will be of special interest to history
students.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)不管是什么,不管它看起来
有多小,都要把它写下来
Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem ,
write it down.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)随着时间的推
移,我对英文报Youth越来越感兴趣了。
As time goes by ,I have become more and more
interested in the English newspaper Youth.
5.你越努力工作,你取得的进步就越大。
The harder you work, the greater progress you
will make
.
:;<=%>?@A
1. refer vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询;叫……求助
于(referred,referred)
佳句背诵
Referred to as Steel Roses,the Chinese woman soccer
team players have won our worship and respect
recently.
被称为“铿锵玫瑰”的中国女足队员最近赢得了我
们的崇拜和尊重。
归纳拓展
(1)refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅
refer to a book / dictionary查阅书/词典
refer to. . . as. . .把……称作……
(2)reference n.提及;参考;参考书目
in / with reference to sb. / sth.关于
reference books / material参考书/参考资料
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big
ideas.”he said in a speech last month,referring
broadly to the need to improve road safety.
②He referred (refer)to the system that was related
to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.
③They always refer to me as a bookworm because I
am always addicted to reading.
写作运用提能
④(2021·全国甲卷,书面表达)我写信寻求您的关
于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice in / with reference
to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to
foreigners most .
⑤如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参
考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)
If you meet with the characters you dont know,I
strongly suggest that you(should)refer to reference
books or turn to others for help .
2. base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底
部;根据
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月卷)My choices are based on the
lifestyle I want.
我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。
归纳拓展
(1)base. . . on / upon. . .把……建立在……的基础上
be based on / upon. . .以……为基础
(2)basis n.基础
on a daily / regular basis每天/定期
on a daily / weekly basis每天/每周
on the basis of在……的基础上
(3)basic adj.基本的;基础的
多维训练
单句语法填空
① I am writing to inform you of some basic table
manners. Based (base)on traditional Chinese
customs,you should let the elderly eat first.
② Basing (base)an important decision more on emotion
than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
③ There have been some problems but basically
(basic)its a good system.
写作运用提能
④队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练,并且定期被
提供机会去观摩乒乓球赛。
Team members need to receive training after school
every day and they are also offered opportunities to
watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis
.
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⑤(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,应用文写作)我的建议是根
据学生的语言能力来分组,或者让学生自己选择
合作伙伴。
My suggestion is to group students based on their
language abilities or to let students choose their
own partners.
3. means n.方法;方式;途径
佳句背诵
Youd better practice using chopsticks in advance,
which is also a means of showing your good table
manners.(建议信)
你最好事先练习用筷子,这也是展示你良好的餐桌
礼仪的一种方式。
归纳拓展
a means of一种……的方法(means单复数同形)
by all means可以;当然行;没问题
by means of借助……手段;依靠……方法
by no means绝不,无论如何也不,一点都不(置于句
首时,句子要部分倒装)
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Watching films was regarded as a means of
entertainment when we were young.
②Ancient people recorded what had happened by
means of carving varieties of symbols with specific
meanings onto shells or bones.
③Every means has been tried (try)so far,but we
still cant solve the problem.
④(剑桥高阶)We need to find some other means
(means)of transportation.
写作运用提能
⑤没有Paul的好心帮忙,Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。
Mac with bare
hands without the help of kindhearted Paul.
→ By no means could Mac scare the wolf off / away
with bare hands without the help of kindhearted
Paul.(用倒装句改写)
4. regard n.尊重;关注vt.把……视为;看待
佳句背诵
Some of the plants and animals have survived millions
of years,and are regarded as living fossils.
有些动植物已经存活了数百万年,被认为是活化石。
归纳拓展
(1)regard. . . as. . .把……当作
(2)as regards关于;至于
with / in regard to = regarding = considering关于;对于
in this / that regard在这一方面;在这一点上
give my regards to your parents代我向你父母问好
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)He is very sensitive in this regard.
②(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly
regarded as low impact (影响) travel to
undisturbed places.
写作运用提能
③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)我写信想请你帮个忙,看看我
们根据课本改编的一部戏。
Im writing sincerely to ask you a favor
we adapted according to the textbook.
5. appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi.增值
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月卷)Together we appreciated the
finest arts from Peking Opera to the Irish dance.
我们一起欣赏了从京剧到爱尔兰舞蹈的最好的
艺术。
归纳拓展
(1)appreciate sth.欣赏某物;感激某事
appreciate(ones)doing sth.喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if. . .如果……我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n.欣赏;感激
名师点津
(1)appreciate 和thank 都可表示“感激,感谢”,
appreciate的宾语一般是sth.,而thank的宾语一般
是sb.。
(2)当appreciate,enjoy,hate,dislike,depend on,
see to等词后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语
从句。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①I appreciate being given (give)the opportunity to
work in your company two years ago.
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②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)Id appreciate
it if you take my suggestions into consideration.
写作运用提能
③(2021·全国甲卷,书面表达)如果你能告诉我中
国的哪些文化最吸引像你这样的外国友人,我将
不胜感激。(应用文写作之求助信)
I would really appreciate it if you could inform me
of which Chinese cultures attract
foreigners like you most.(appreciate it if. . .)
→ I would really appreciate your informing me of
which Chinese cultures attract foreigners like you
most.(appreciate ones doing)
④我写信来表达一下我对你的感激之情,感谢我在
伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作
之感谢信)
Im writing to express my appreciation for what
you did for me during my stay in London.
6. equal n.同等的人;相等物adj.相等的;平等
的;相当的;能胜任的v.与……相等,等于;比
得上
佳句背诵
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for
the Chinese painting exhibition.
我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。
归纳拓展
(1)be without equal = have no equal无与伦比
(2)be equal to sth. / doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
(3)A equal B in(doing)sth. A在(做)某事上比得上
B /与B匹敌
(4)equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地
equality n.平等;相等
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Longlasting friendships share
the characteristic that both sides equally (equal)
contact(联系)and share with one another.
②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is without
equal in playing basketball.
写作运用提能
③首先,没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要
的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此,我坚信我胜任
博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
Firstly,nobody can equal me in oral English .
Equally important is that I am good at
communicating with others. So I hold the firm belief
that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.
7. demand n.需求;要求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问
佳句背诵
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Because picking apples involved
climbing trees,the farmers demanded that we should
be cautious and careful.
因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
归纳拓展
(1)demand to do sth.要求做某事
demand that. . .要求……(从句中的谓语动词用
“should +动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)be in(great)demand(迫切)需求
meet / satisfy ones demand(s)满足某人的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)He demanded he be told (tell)
everything.
②(2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally
stimulating(刺激), demanding (demand)jobs
before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
③ Science graduates are in greater demand than
liberal arts ones in China.
写作运用提能
④我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求,我叔叔
要求我和父亲顺着这条道走,以防迷路。
I demanded to take a horse ride in the mountains.
To meet / satisfy my demands ,my uncle demanded
that my father and I (should)keep to the track in
case we could get lost.
8. relate v.联系;讲述
佳句背诵
(2023·全国甲卷)Apart from the knowledge and
skills related to my major, Im really good with
computers.
除了专业相关的知识和技能外,我还很擅长电脑
。
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归纳拓展
(1)relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth. to sb.向某人讲述某事
relate. . . to. . .把……和……联系起来
(2)related adj.有关的;有联系的
be related to. . .与……有联系
(3)relation n.关系,联系;亲戚
in relation to(= concerning)关于;与……相比
(4)relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Over 28 states have passed
laws related (relate) to pollinator habitat
protection and pesticide use.
②(朗文当代)He later related the whole story to me.
③(牛津高阶)Its brain is small in relation to its body.
一句多译提能
④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。
You should write down all the information related to
the problem.(relate)
→ You should write down all the information
in relation to the problem.(relation)
9. date back(to. . .)(= date from)始于……;追
溯到……(后接时间点)
佳句背诵
Chinese tea culture dates back to / dates from
thousands of years ago and drinking tea gradually
became a tradition.(传统文化)
中国茶文化可以追溯到几千年前,饮茶逐渐成为一
种传统。
归纳拓展
(1)date back(= go back)追溯;上溯(后接时间段)
(2)out of date过时的;陈旧的
up to date现代的;时髦的
fix a date约定日期
名师点津
date back(to)通常用一般现在时态;不用进行时,也
不用被动语态;作定语或状语时,用dating。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)This tradition dates back over 200
years.
写作运用提能
②我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年
的孔庙。(推荐信)
The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is
Confucius Temple that / which dates back to 478
BC.(定语从句)
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you
is Confucius Temple dating back to 478 BC.(现
在分词短语作定语)
10. That writing system was of great importance
in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方
面具有重要意义。
佳句背诵
(2022·全国甲卷)From my point of view,raising
peoples awareness of protecting oceans is of great
importance / significance.
在我看来,提高人们保护海洋的意识是非常重要的。
归纳拓展
“be of +抽象名词”相当于“be +形容词”,这一结构
可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有
importance,value,use,help,benefit,significance
等,这些名词可用great,little,some,any,no,not,
much等修饰,用以说明程度。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great
importance,and the industry is playing its part.
写作运用提能
②(2022·全国乙卷,书面表达)然而,他们错过了说
话,这在学习一门语言时非常重要。
However,they miss speaking, which is of great
importance / significance in studying a language.
③(2022·全国乙卷,书面表达)根据上面的表格,
12%的学生认为浏览英语学习网站对他们的英语
学习非常有益
。
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Based on the above chart,12% of the students
suppose that visiting English learning websites is of
great benefit to their English studies.
11. Even today,no matter where Chinese people
live or what dialect they speak,they can still
communicate in writing.
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方
言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交
流。
佳句背诵
However / No matter how busy I am,I will spare
some time every day to help the exchange students with
Chinese and tell them more about our customs and
traditions.
无论我多么忙,每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助交换
生学习汉语,并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。
归纳拓展
(1)“no matter +疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,可
放在主句前或主句后。
(2)whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从
句,相当于no matter when / where / how。
(3)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引
导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句;在引导让步
状语从句时相当于no matter what / who / which / whom。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help
ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends
or family—no matter where you are in the world.
②(2022·浙江1月卷)I decided to stick to it no
matter what .
写作运用提能
③无论你何时需要帮助,我真诚地希望你能毫不犹
豫地联系我。
Whenever / No matter when you need help ,I sincerely
hope that you can get in touch with me without
hesitation.
④任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law
will be punished.
BCDE%F=GH
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2023·山东省潍坊市期末)Climate change
monitoring and early warning capability will reach an
advanced level globally (global)and the climate risk
management and prevention system will basically
(basic)mature,according to the national climate
change adaptation strategy 2035,jointly published by
17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and
Environment.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人
机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways
and,at the same time,help railway operators save
billions (billion)of euros each year?
3.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffins cockatoos,a kind of
small parrot native to Australasia,have been
shown to have similar shaperecognition abilities to a
human twoyearold.
4. (朗文当代)We agreed never to refer to the
matter again.
5.(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly (regular)
they can be inspected, the more railway safety,
reliability and ontime performance will be improved.
6.(剑桥高阶)We need to find some other means
(means)of transportation.
7. Though (major)in engineering,the lady
made every effort to learn calligraphy which
(regard)as an art form.
8. Written Chinese has also become an important means
by which Chinas present is connected with its past.
9. There are varieties (vary) of books in the
bookstore for us to choose from,like history books,
science books, reference (refer) books and
so on.
10.(牛津高阶)He came to symbolize his countrys
struggle for independence.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①He wrote an article for Peoples Daily regarding
how to build a harmonious society.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
This was the sort of work
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that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and
respect those who did the work,he told me.
③(全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainforest. It ends
abruptly at 3,000 meters,giving way to lands of low
growing plants.
④(2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist on mutual
(相互的)recognition and regard.
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow,these arguments
and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have
been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record
moments we can all relate to.
2.选出major的汉语意思
A. adj.重要的 B. n.主修课程 C. v.主修
①Calligraphy is regarded as a major part of Chinese
culture since the Han Dynasty. A
②(全国Ⅰ卷)I love painting very much. I started
learning painting at an early age and chose painting
art and history as my major in college. B
③As far as I know,Mary is majoring in French at
Stanford University. C
3.选出character的汉语意思
A.性格 B.特色;特征 C.人物;角色 D.符
号;文字 E.品性;道德品质
①As we all know,Chinese characters are quite
difficult to memorize. D
②Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film.
C
③She has a cheerful but quiet character. A
④The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the
character of the old town. B
⑤Sports can be good for character building.
E
:;IJ%K6LM
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
(2022·天津卷,书面表达)——英语口语社招募新
成员
1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①我写信邀请你加入英语口语社有很多原因。
(why定语从句)
②正如你从短视频中看到的,英语口语社的成员通
过参加各种各样的活动已经能说流利的英语了。
③同样重要的是成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的
外教的指导下参加英语角。
④在我看来,最打动我的是:我们的外教要求我们
欣赏一部英文电影并为之配音(dub)。
⑤英语口语社对它的成员非常有益。(be of +抽
象名词)
⑥无论谁对英语口语感兴趣都可以加入我们。
(whoever)
⑦越早加入英语口语社团,你就获益越多。(the
+比较级,the +比较级)
2.
使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
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Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
动作描写之“动动手”
素材积累
必
备
单
词
1. carry提,拿 2. fetch拿来,取回 3. hold握着
4. catch接 5. hug / embrace抱 6. wave / swing挥舞
7. throw / cast扔 8. hand递给 9. point指,指向(at)
10. dip从……掏出,从……取出 11. dig挖,挖掘 12. drag / pull拖,拉,拽
13. push推,挤 14. fold包,裹,折叠 15. hit / beat击,打
16. gesture做手势 17. knock敲 18. clap / applaud / applause鼓掌
19. lift / raise举 20. press按,压 21. scratch擦
22. stroke轻抚,抚摸 23. comb梳,梳理 24. groom擦洗
25. slap拍,打;掌掴 26. tap轻拍,轻叩,轻敲 27. touch碰,触摸
28. wipe擦,拭,抹 29. tear撕 30. cup(用手)做成杯状
31. spread铺开,展开 32. open打开 33. rub擦;揉搓
34. pat拍 35. reach out / for / into伸出/向/进
36. grasp / seize / grip / grab抓住,抓紧
高
级
词
块
1. hold ones hand抓住某人的手 2. shake hands with与……握手
3. cup . . . in ones hands将……捧在手心 4. open ones hands张开双手
5. hand in hand手拉手 6. raise / put up ones hand举手
7. hold out ones hand伸出手 8. take ones hand牵某人的手
9. spread ones hands摊开双手 10. rub ones hands搓着手
11. wave ones arms挥动双臂 12. fold ones arms某人双臂交叉
13. catch / grab ones arm抓住某人的胳膊 14. pull sb. into ones arms拉某人进怀
15. gather sb. in ones arms把某人抱在怀中 16. hold out / open ones arms某人伸出/张开双臂
17. put / throw ones arms around sb.搂住某人 18. keep sb. at arms length同某人保持一定距离
19. with crossed arms双臂交叉 20. with open arms双臂张开(欢迎)
21. arm in arm臂挽臂 22. lift / hold a warning finger伸出一根手指警告
23. lift / hold a finger to ones lips伸出一根手指按在嘴上
24. wag ones finger摇着手指 25. point an accusing finger at sb.指责某人,怪罪某人
26. drum ones fingers on sp.用手指咚咚地敲某处
素材运用
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)运用表格中的必备单词/高级
词块,把下面的语篇补充完整。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,
their father appeared. He approached them and
1. pulled them into his arms (把他们拉进怀里).
“Whats up ?”father gently inquired. Jeff stammered
out their failed plan, 2. rubbing his hands together
fiercely (使劲搓着双手). Hearing their plan,he
3. stroked their heads gently (温柔地抚摸着他们的
头), comforting “I will do you a favor”. He
4. grabbed (抓起)the handle of the pan and 5. put
(放) a bar of butter to melt . Then he swiftly
6. removed (移除) the burnt porridge away,and
7. poured (倒掉)another cup of rice,starting to
cook it all over again. Soon came the delicious smell of
French toast and chicken porridge. Before the twins
carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up,
they 8. lifted / held a finger to their lips (伸出一根手
指按在嘴上)to ask their father to keep secret. Staring
at the carefully prepared food,mother 9. gathered her
kids into her arms (把孩子抱在怀里),tears running
down her face.
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真题感悟
(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands
of years,but in recent times there has been less coming
and a lot more going. When the world was still populated
by huntergatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups
developed their own patterns of speech independent of
each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000
years ago,when the world had just five to ten million
people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between
them.
Soon afterwards,many of those people started
settling down to become farmers,and their languages
too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent
centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of
the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory
education, especially globalisation and better
communications in the past few decades, all have
caused many languages to disappear,and dominant
languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are
increasingly taking over.
At present,the world has about 6,800 languages. The
distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few
languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet
zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers. Europe
has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;
Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of
which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over
800. The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere
6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are
spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages
are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly
speakers left. Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight
remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan
Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in
Australia(one,with a questionmark):none of these
seems to have much chance of survival.
1. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer
times? B
A. They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were closely connected.
2. Which of the following best explains“dominant”
underlined in Paragraph 2? C
A. Complex. B. Advanced.
C. Powerful. D. Modern.
3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000
people at present? B
A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400.
C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.
4. What is the main idea of the text? C
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
distribution n.分布
survival n.幸存
extinction n.灭绝,消亡
settled adj.稳定的
take over占上风
(二)长难句突破
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few
languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet
zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.
分析:本句是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。
主句的主语是The general rule,is是系动词。其中
that引导表语 从句;在表语从句中,while用作并
列连词,表示前后对比 。
翻译:
温馨提示:复习至此,请完成练案[6]
!'$
6. B 上文讲述的是身体安全,空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit
“精神;心灵;情绪”。故选B。
7. C 根据常识可知,火灾的后果是毁灭性的,所以此处是指Jess和她
的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。故选C。
8. B 根据上文的“One blessing”可知,这里讲述的应该是值得庆
幸的方面,即无人死亡。故选B。
9. D 分析句子结构,空处作houses的后置定语。结合语境可知应
选burnt,表示被烧毁的房屋。burn. . . to the ground“把……烧
光(烧成平地)”。故选D。
10. A 根据下文的“at least now she would not have to clean her
bedroom anymore”可知,Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”,
也就是说,她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。故选A。
11. C 这句话描述了她和她的伙伴们立即开始恢复社区花园,由此可
以推断她的行为态度是相当积极的,故选actively。故选C。
12. B 这一段在描述Jess的积极态度,所以此处表示Jess甚至欢
迎小鸡家族来新家,借此苦中作乐。welcome“欢迎”。故选B。
13. C 根据语境可知,整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续
的重建,这里是对前面内容的总结,表示“恢复正常生活还有很
长的路要走”。故选C。
14. A 根据提示词But可知,空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系,
因此此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度,故选hopeful。故选A。
15. D 根据语境可知,此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。
故选D。
Ⅲ. 语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。虽然科幻电视在塑造我们
对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作,但是世界还没有完全从饥
饿中拯救出来。
1. D 根据下文“However,while these ideas for food creation are
more than fifty years old,the way we produce and consume food has
not changed very much.(然而,尽管这些创造食物的想法已经有
50多年的历史了,但我们生产和消费食物的方式并没有太大变
化。)”可知,上下文是转折关系,故空格处在语意上应承接上
文。根据上文“Science fiction television has done a lot to shape
how we view the meals of the future,from an evening dinner in pill
form to machines giving us any meal we desire,on demand.(科幻
电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作,从药丸
形式的晚餐到按需为我们提供任何膳食的机器。)”可知,上文
讲到科幻电视中对未来膳食的构想,下文说到这种构想可能产
生的结果。D项“Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to
obtain.(如果食物这么容易获得,没有人会挨饿。)”承接上文,
符合语境。故选D。
2. E 根据上文“Even though there is enough food available today to
feed the world,more than 870 million people do not have enough to
eat.(尽管今天有足够的食物养活全世界,但仍有超过8. 7亿人
没有足够的食物。)”可知,上文讲到世界上粮食短缺的问题。E
项“And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease
does.(令人难以置信的是,饥饿导致的死亡人数超过了疾病造成的
死亡人数。)”进一步补充粮食短缺的现状,符合语境。故选E。
3. G 根据下文“The result of this panic was the ‘green revolution’
(这场恐慌的结果是‘绿色革命’)”可知,空格处应说明“这场恐
慌”是什么。G项“At that time scientists were genuinely worried
that we would run out of food.(当时,科学家们真的很担心我们会
耗尽食物。)”说明科学家的担忧,即恐慌,符合语境。故选G。
4. B 根据下文“Having enough food is only the first step. There are
complications with natural disasters,conflict,poverty and environmental
problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk.(有足够
的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫困和环境问题也很复杂。所
有这些都可能意味着粮食供应处于危险之中。)”可知,设空处在段首,
应为本段主旨句。B项“There are many complexities when dealing with
food.(在处理食物时有很多复杂性。)”能概括本段主旨,complexities
与complications相呼应。故选B。
5. F 根据下文“Many people are concerned about ‘playing around
with nature’,adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells,and
other human interferences(干预),all of which are widespread.(许
多人担心‘玩弄自然’,调整食物的外观、味道和气味,以及其他
人为干扰,这些都是普遍存在的。)”可知此处在讲在食品实验
方面面临的问题。F项“Then there are the issues we face when it
comes to food experimentation.(然后是我们在食品实验方面面临
的问题。)”引出下文,符合语境。故选F。
Ⅳ. 语篇导读:本文是记叙文,主题语境是“人与自我”。文章
介绍了园艺设计师Jane Gates搬家到苏塞克斯郡的乡村后建造的
适应气候变化的抗旱花园的相关内容。
1. What 考查主语从句。句意:她不知道的是她的花园会在多快
的时间内适应如今不断变化的气候。空处引导主语从句,且在
从句中作宾语,表示“所……的”。故填What。
2. has experimented 考查动词的时态。句意:多年来,Gates尝试
找出适合种植在这个炎热干旱的地区的植物并有了一些有趣的
发现。根据句中的时间状语“Over the years”可知,此处应用现
在完成时。故填has experimented。
3. discoveries 考查名词。句意同上题。根据空前的“some
interesting”和句意可知,此处应用名词复数。故填discoveries。
4. adaptable 考查形容词。句意:令人惊讶的是,一些以喜水著称
的植物被证明对干旱有适应能力。分析句子结构可知,此处考
查“prove + adj.”结构。adaptable“能适应的,适应性强的”。故
填adaptable。
5. chosen 考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,许多专门挑选的耐旱植
物很享受这种高温。句中已有谓语have enjoyed,故此处为非谓
语;choose与plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作
后置定语。故填chosen。
6. On 考查介词。句意:Gates有时站在落地窗旁欣赏景色。on
occasion是固定搭配,表示“有时,偶尔”。故填On。
7. is used 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:砾石被用植物生长的一
层,将路径与植物连接起来。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在
时;Gravel与use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填is used。
8. contrasting 考查非谓语动词。句意:给人的感觉是一个放松、自
然的空间,砾石的浅色与谷仓的黑色交相辉映。此处为with复
合结构,contrast在此作不及物动词,意为“形成对照”,与其逻
辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填contrasting。
9. the 考查冠词。句意:Gates建议将砾石覆盖在最上层,因为砾
石在夏天可以将水分锁定在下面的土壤中,而在冬天,它会使能
让植物腐烂的水分远离植物。for the reason that“因为……,由
于……”是固定用法。故填the。
10. better 考查副词比较级。句意:这有助于一些植物更好地适应
极端气候。根据语境及句中的比较级修饰词“a bit”可知,此处
应用比较级。故填better。
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND
THE WORLD
必备知识·巧记活用
1 立体巧记单词
阅读词汇会认
1.骨头;骨(质) 2.壳;壳状物 3.雕刻 4.王朝;朝代 5.地方
话;方言 6.舌头;语言 7.学期 8.内裤;短裤 裤子
重点词汇会写
1. billion 2. native 3. attitude 4. system 5. despite 6. factor
7. symbol 8. means 9. classic 10. regard 11. character
12. calligraphy 13. affair 14. struggle 15. petrol 16. subway
17. apartment 18. gap 19. vocabulary
拓展词汇会变
1. reference refer 2. based base basis basic 3. variety vary
various 4. major majority 5. global globe 6. appreciate
appreciation appreciative 7. specific specifically 8. beg beggar
9. equal equally equality 10. demand demanding 11. description
describe 12. relate related relation relationship
运用巩固提能
1. despite 2. character 3. carved 4. struggling 5. vocabulary
6. system 7. petrol 8. gap 9. symbol 10. gases 11. to
12. majority majoring majors 13. appreciation appreciative
appreciate 14. equal equally equality 15. demanding demands
16. describing description 17. beggar begging 18. base basis
basic 19. referring reference 20. varieties varying various
21. relation related 22. global globe
2 语境助记短语
写准记牢
1. refer to 2. ups and downs 3. date back (to. . .) 4. point of view
5. relate to 6. be known for 7. at the beginning 8. lead to 9. play
a major role in 10. have trouble with 11. get used to(doing)sth.
12. depend on
语境运用
1. referred to 2. dates back to 3. ups and downs 4. point of view
5. lead to 6. play an role in 7. play a major role in
3 仿写速记句式
原句译背
1.这之所以成为可能有很多原因,其中一个主要因素就是中国书
写体系。 2.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有
重要意义。 3.即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,
中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4.随着中国在全球事
务中扮演着越来越重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉
语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 5.这是对大脑的锻
炼;我对一门语言的了解越多,我的大脑就越发达。
仿写运用
1. why you show up here 2. be of special interes
t 3. no matter how
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small it might seem 4. As time goes by 5. The harder the greater
progress you will make
核心考点·讲练提升
1.① to ② referred ③ as ④ in / with reference to what kinds of
traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most ⑤you(should)
refer to reference books or turn to others for help 2.①Based
②Basing ③basically ④are also offered opportunities to watch table
tennis competitions on a regular basis ⑤ based on their language
abilities 3.①a ②by ③has been tried ④means ⑤could by no
means scare the wolf off / away By no means could Mac scare the wolf
off / away 4.①in ②as ③regarding / with regard to a play
5.①being given ② it ③ I would really appreciate it if you could
inform me of I would really appreciate your informing me of ④Im
writing to express my appreciation for 6.①equally ②without
③equal me in oral English Equally important I am equal to the job
7.①be told ②demanding ③in ④demanded to take a horse ride
To meet / satisfy my demands my father and I (should)keep to the
track 8.①related ②to ③to ④related to in relation to
9.①back ②that / which dates back to dating back to 10. ①of
②which is of great importance / significance ③ is of great benefit
11.①where ②what ③Whenever / No matter when you need help
④Whoever breaks the law
关键能力·对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. globally basically 考查词性转换。句意:根据生态环境部等17
个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》,气候变化监
测预警能力达到全球先进水平,气候风险管理和预防体系基本
成熟。两空都是形容词变副词,修饰动词。
2. billions 考查数词。句意:一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全
可靠的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元呢?billions
of“数十亿的”。
3. to 考查介词。句意:戈芬凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的
小鹦鹉,已经被证明具有与人类两岁孩子相似的形状识别能力。
native to“原产于”。
4. to 考查介词。句意:我们一致同意再也不提这件事了。refer to
“提到”。
5. more regularly 考查固定句型。句意:检查越频繁,铁路的安全性、
可靠性和准点率就会越高。the +比较级……,the +比较级……
“越……就越……”。
6. means 考查名词。句意:我们需要找到一些其他的交通方式。
means单复数同形。此处用的是复数。
7. majoring is regarded 考查省略和动词的时态、语态。句意:虽
然主修工程,这位女士却努力学习被视为一种艺术形式的书法。
第一空考查状语从句的省略。省略了句子主语the lady和be动
词was,故填majoring;第二空考查时态和语态,客观情况的介绍
用一般现在时态;由句意可知,用被动语态。
8. by 考查“介词+关系代词”定语从句。句意:书面汉语也已成
为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。先行词是means,常与介
词by搭配。
9. varieties reference 考查词性转换。句意:书店里有各种各样
的书供我们选择,像历史书、科学书、参考书等等。
10. for 考查介词。句意:他逐渐成了他的国家争取独立斗争的象
征。struggle for“为争取……斗争”。
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1.①prep.关于 ②vt.重视 ③n.底部 ④n.尊重 ⑤adj.全面
的;整体的 ⑥vi.理解,认识到
2.①A ②B ③C
3.①D ②C ③A ④B ⑤E
核心素养·双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
1.①There are varieties of reasons why Im writing to invite you to join
the Spoken English Club. ②As you can see from the short video,
members of the Spoken English Club have become fluent in English
by means of taking part in varieties of activities. ③Equally
important is that members will gather together on a regular basis to
participate in the English Corner under the guidance / instruction of
our foreign teachers. ④From my point of view,what strikes me
most is that our foreign teachers demand that we (should)
appreciate an English film and dub it. ⑤The Spoken English Club
is of great benefit to its members. ⑥Whoever is interested in
oral English,he / she can join us.或Whoever is interested in oral
English can join us. ⑦The earlier you join our Spoken English
Club,the more you will benefit from it.
2.参考范文:
There are varieties of reasons why Im writing to invite you to
join the Spoken English Club. First,as you can see from the short
video,members of the Spoken English Club have become fluent in
English by means of taking part in varieties of activities. Equally
important is that members will gather together on a regular basis to
participate in the English Corner under the guidance / instruction of
our foreign teachers. Whats more,from my point of view,what
strikes me most is that our foreign teachers demand that we(should)
appreciate an English film and dub it.
All in all,the Spoken English Club is of great benefit to its
members. Whoever is interested in oral English,he / she can join us. /
Whoever is interested in oral English can join us. The earlier you join
our Spoken English Club,the more you will benefit from it.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
素材运用
1. pulled them into his arms 2. rubbing his hands together fiercely
3. stroked their heads gently 4. grabbed 5. put 6. removed
7. poured 8. lifted / held a finger to their lips 9. gathered her kids
into her arms
直击高考·精准落实
真题感悟
1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was still
populated by huntergatherers. . . they spoke perhaps 12,000
languages between them.”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,
人们使用的语言种类很多。故选B。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“. . . all have caused many
languages to disappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语
正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势
的”,所以选C项。故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world
has about 6,800 languages.”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,
which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer
people than that”可知,B项正确。故选B。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时
代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语
种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C
项。故选C。
语言能力
(二)表语 前后对比 一般的规律是,温带的语言种类相对较少,
且通常有许多人使用,而炎热、潮湿的区域则有很多种语言,通常
有少量的人使用。
练案[6]
Ⅰ. A
语篇导读:文章主要介绍了安东内拉·索拉切教授认为学习
第二语言对人类的大脑和健康都有着巨大的好处,并鼓励人们拯
救并保护小语种。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Within 20 years,two thirds of
all the planets languages will be dead.”可知,世界上大多数语言
会在二十年内消亡。故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Bilingualism Matters—now
expanding across Europe and in the U. S.—have convinced the
Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools”和第
五段中的“Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage
businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages.”
可知,Bilingualism Matters在努力推动小语种进入校园和企业,
让更多的人去学习小语种,即Bilingualism Matters在推动小语种
的学习。故选C。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“The first battle is to unpick
the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage childrens
brains.”可知,推动更多的人学习小语种的第一步是要消除学习
两种语言可能对儿童大脑有害的这一普遍观点,即修正对双语
学习的错误观念。故选D。
4. D 标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第二段中的“Professor Antonella
Sorace is one of a growing number of people who believe learning a
second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain.”
和第三段中的“It is those benefits of bilingualism(双语)that should
encourage us to preserve and protect European minority languages”可
知,本文主要介绍了安东内拉·索拉切教授认为学习第二语言对人
类大脑有好处,并致力于保护小语种。故选D。
B
语篇导读:本文主要讨论了社交媒体语言是不是语言杀手的
问题。在作者看来,语言一直在演变之中,社交媒体语言不是语言
的杀手,它是新时代的产物。
5. A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的上文“Some people
argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and
write.”可知,一部分人认为科技对我们的交流方式有不利的影
响;再根据And可知,主流媒体对这种方式进行抱怨。故选A。
6. B 推理判断题。作者在最后一段表明自己的观点,而第三段提
到的TED演讲及演讲的内容是对主题的说明,
它是用来支持作
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