Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 词汇与短语学习 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

选择性必修二 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries重点词汇与短语 学习清单 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries重点词汇与短语 Starting out and understanding ideas: 1. assist v. 帮助;协助 n.助手 adj. 助理的; 副的 n. 帮助;援助;支持 ① 在.....帮助下 ② 帮助某人做某事 ③ 帮助某人某事 ④ 帮助某人 Exercise 1. Any (assist) you could give the police will be greatly appreciated. 2. My best friend assisted me finding somewhere to live. 3. Her (assist) was accused of theft and fraud by the police. 2. lack n. 缺乏 v. 缺少; 没有 adj. 短缺的, 不足的 ① 缺乏...... ② 缺乏信心/想象力 ③ 缺乏...... ④ 因缺乏...... Exercise 1. Some students lack confidence themselves. 2. She felt nervous, increasingly (lack) in confidence about herself. 3. The charges were dropped lack of evidence. 4. The immediate problem is lack of food and water. 3. priority n.优先处理的事情; 优先权 adj. 优先的; 以前的,在先的 ① 当务之急,重中之重 ② 认为...优先 ③ 优先于... ④ 在...之前; 先于某事 Exercise 1. Responsibility should have priority freedom. 2. They agreed to give the matter top (prior).‌ 3. ‌Prior the exams, it's essential to establish a consistent study routine. 4. vital adj. 极其重要的; 必不可少的 ① ...很有必要 ② 做...必不可少 ③ 认为做某事很重要 ④ 对某人至关重要 Exercise 1. is vital that we protect the environment for the sake of future generations. 2. It is vital (exercise) regularly to maintain good health and prevent diseases. 3. It is vital importance to young people to receive a good education. 5. relieve v. 给(某人)换班; 使减轻 n. 救济;减轻;宽慰 ① 帮某人减轻...... ② / 松了口气；如释重负 ③ 令某人欣慰的是 ④ / 赈灾;灾难援助/救济工作 Exercise 1. Disaster (relieve) is crucial to saving lives and ensuring the well-being of those affected by a disaster. 2. He smiled relief after he heard he had been admitted to Tsinghua University. 3. her relief, her mother recovered quickly after the operation. 4. He relieved us our financial burden by providing funding. 6. involve v. 参加;牵涉; 包含 n. 参与;卷入;牵连 ① 包括/需要做某事 ② 使某人参与(做)某事 ③ 参与;卷入;与......有关联 = / / Exercise 1. Everybody should be made aware of the risks (involve). 2. Her job involves (do) regular presentations to the team.‌ 3. He was involved a lawsuit(诉讼) because of his heedless remarks. 4. The police are investigating his possible (involve) in the crime. 7. devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱 v. 致力,献身,投入 adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的;专用的 ① 某人对...的热爱/奉献 ② 献身于；致力于 = ③ 把生命/时间/精力奉献于 ④ 深爱某人 Exercise 1. Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely science. 2. Fans will show their (devote) by waiting for hours to get tickets to their favourite singer’s concert. 3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to (help) others. 4. The exhibition is devoted to the work of (disable) artists. 8. amazed adj. 感到惊奇的;吃惊的 v. 使震惊；使惊讶 adj 令人吃惊的 n. 震惊；惊讶 ① 对......感到十分惊奇 ② 吃惊地得知/发现 ③ 使某人大为惊奇的是 ④ 惊异地 Exercise 1. To my (amaze), the little girl still remembered me. 2. We were amazed (find) that no one was hurt. 3. I was banging so loudly I’m (amaze) that they didn’t hear me. 4. Working on the film was an (amaze) experience. 9. outbreak n. 爆发, 突然发生的事 break out 爆发 break - - ①come in income n. ②put out output n. ③come out outcome n. ④stand out outstanding adj. Exercise 1. We are waiting to hear the final (结果) of the negotiations. 2. The (爆发)of the fire brought serious disaster to the local area. 3. We must increase our (产量) to meet people's needs. 10. risk n. 危险;风险 v. 冒...的危险 adj. 危险的；有风险的 ① 把...置于危险境地 ② 处于危险之中,受到威胁 ③ 冒险做某事 ④ 冒(做)...的危险 Exercise 1. The hero must take certain (risk) to achieve his ambition. 2. Investing in airlines is a very (risk)business. 3. Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk (damage) the unborn foetus(胎儿). 4. The doctor must not allow the patient to be put risk. 11. step into one’s shoes 接替某人的工作;感同身受 step v.踩;踏;行走;迈步 n. 步;步骤;一步(的距离);台阶 step - - ①= ② 处于某人的位置/处境 ③ 设身处地为某人着想 ④ 效仿某人 Exercise 1. He’d like John to step his shoes when he resigned. 2. If you can put (you) in each others’ shoes, you won’t quarrel so much. 3. She followed her mother's footsteps and became a teacher. 12. make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心(做某事) n. 大脑;心思;智慧;思维方式 v. 介意;当心,注意 n.(常sing.) 观念模式；思维倾向 [U]n.正念；关注，意识 ①= / ② 介意（某人）做某事 ③ 记住 = Exercise 1. Bear mind that gas stations are scarce in the more remote areas. 2. He made up her mind (propose) his girlfriend on Valentine's Day. 3. There were all kinds of thoughts (run) through my mind. 4. We can be more (mind) of the energy we use to heat our homes. 13. call on/upon 请求,要求,需求; 号召,拜访 ①call on/upon + sb. 拜访某人 + sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 ② 拜访;访问;停靠 ③ 取消;停止 ④ 要求; 需要;来取,来接 ⑤ 给...打电话;应召入伍 Exercise 1. The organiser called the sports meeting due to the bad weather. 2. The president called on the public (support) his new policy. 3. He (call) up when the war broke out. 4. The task called a lot of courage and determination. Using language: 14. realistic adj. 能够实现的; 现实的 n. 真实,现实 v. 实现; 意识到 ① 设定可实现的目标 ② 实际上,事实上 ③ 使...回到现实 ④ 使某事成为现实 Exercise 1. In my own experience, I recently set a (reality) goal of improving my proficiency in a foreign language. 2. The doctor used artificial respiration to bring the patient back life. 3. They are trying their best to make the dream reality. 4. She worked tirelessly and eventually (realize)her goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur. 15. minority n. 少数派;少数; 未成年 adj. 少数民族的;少数人的 n. 大部分,大多数 adj. 少数的;较小的 n. 未成年人 v. 辅修 adj. 重要的；主要的；大的 n. 主修课程；专业；[法律]成年人；少校 v. 主修(in) ① 占少数 ② 少数... ③ ...的大多数 Exercise 1. When she graduated from high school, Amy wanted to major literature. 2. Artistic people are in a (minor) in this country.‌ 3. The (major) of my patients come to me from out of town. 4. minority of students prefer to study in small groups rather than in large lectures. 16. particular adj. 特别的;特指的 adj. 挑剔的;讲究的 adv. 特别, 尤其 ① 尤其, 特别 ② 对...挑剔/讲究 ③ 是...特有的 Exercise 1. People nowadays seem not to be particular the rules of ordering dishes. 2. The coconut is particular the tropics. 3. There was one poem particular that’s stayed in my memory. 4. The weather is (particular) good today, especially the sunlight in the afternoon. 17. cast v. 选派(角色) v. 投, 抛; 投射; 描述; 分类 cast - - ① 选派某人演... ② 在某物上投下影子 ③ 了解/阐明... ④ 感到沮丧; 感到沮丧 Exercise 1. Her father’s infectious disease cast a shadow the family. 2. He was cast by what his manager said. 3. The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light why they became extinct. 4. He has cast her an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 18. rewarding adj. 值得做的; 有意义的 n. 报酬; 奖金 v. 奖励; 奖赏 ① 高回报的 ② 作为(对...)回报 ③ 用某物回报某人 ④ 因为(做)某事而奖励某人 Exercise 1. The job of being a teacher is highly (reward), not just financially but also emotionally. 2. reward, you will receive an excellent salary. 3. The teacher rewarded the top student a certificate. 4. ‌The company rewarded the employees their hard work and dedication to the project. 19. effect n. 影响,效果,作用 adj. 有效的；生效的 adv. 有效地；事实上 v. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感动 ① 对......有影响 ② 开始生效;开始起作用 ③ 事实上，实际上 ④ 被...深深打动 Exercise 1.It’s a disease affects mainly older people. 2. Unhealthy living habits had a bad effect his health. 3. (affect) by the rise of house prices, people in big cities live under great pressure. 4. What is the (effect) way of teaching children to read and write. 5. The medicine takes (affect) after about half an hour. 20. include v. 包含;包括使成为…的一部分 adj. 包括在内的 prep. 包括…在内 adj.包容广阔的;范围广泛的 ① 包括做某事 ② = 包括某物 Exercise 1. The expenses of the journey (include) in the account. 2. The course includes (study) different cultures and histories. 3. There are 36 students in our class,me (include). =There are 36 students in our class, (include) me. 21. leading adj. 主要的;一流的; 领先的 n. 领先;榜样; 占优势 n. 领导人; 领袖 n. 领导;领导地位 ① 导致; 造成 = = ② 带领某人去某地/引导某人做某事 ③ 在...中占主要地位 ④ 占优势;领先 ⑤ 在某人的带领下 Exercise 1. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead imprisonment. 2. The G-7 organization groups together the world's seven (lead) industrialized nations. 3. We are going to hold a rally(集会) next month to elect a new (lead). 4. ‌He is taking lead over his opponent with the score 3-2.‌ 22. no wonder+句子 难怪...; ...并不奇怪 wonder n. 奇迹;奇观;惊奇 v.想知道;感到惊讶 adj. 绝妙的;令人惊奇的 ①= +句子 ② 令人惊奇的是... ③ 惊讶地 ④ 对...感到疑惑/奇怪 Exercise 1. I wonder we should go next. 2. She wonders she’ll ever be able to fulfill her ambition. 3. The children looked up wonder‌ at the big elephant. 4. It's wonder that he managed to finish the marathon in under three hours, considering he had only been training for a few weeks. 23. bring... together使结合/连接; 使...坐在一起;使...会面 bring - - ① 抚养;教育; 提出; 呕吐 ② 引起;导致;促成 ③ 推行; 采用;带...进来 ④ 使...苏醒; 使...复活 ⑤ 使...成为焦点 Exercise 1. The recent research has brought the issue of climate change sharp focus, urging governments to take immediate action. 2. My parents brought me with love and care. 3. He brought the question of salary at the meeting. 4. Smoking will bring lots of bad results. 5. He brought two new members last week. Developing ideas and presenting ideas 24. mount v. 走上,登上 mount的它意: vt.①骑上;乘上②逐步增加③组织开展 ① 骑上马 ② 死亡人数的上升 ③ 组织展览 Exercise 1. He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 2. The enemies mounted their horses and rode away. 3. The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of Danish painting. 4. The budget for the project has been mounting as we add more features. 25. memory n. 记忆力; 记忆; 回忆 v. 记住 adj. 难忘的 adj. 纪念的;悼念的 n. 纪念碑;纪念物;纪念品 ① 为了纪念某人 = ② 记忆力好/差 ③ 勾起回忆 Exercise‌ 1. It brought back so many (memory) of her childhood. 2. The congress opened with a minute’s silence memory of those who died in the struggle. 3. He made an entry of the (memory)events in his diary. 4. I don't try (memory)speeches word for word. 26. division n. 分歧; 分裂;分开;除(法) v. 使分开;除以 adj. 分裂的; 有分歧的 ① 把...分成两半 ② 把...划分成... ③ 使A与B分离 ④ A 除以 B Exercise 1. The students (divide) into four groups. 2. The fence divides my land hers. 3. 20 (divide) by 4 is 5. 4. Take out a sheet of paper, and divide the paper half. 27. dedicate v. 致力于; 献身于 adj. 专用的;献身的;专心致志的 n. 奉献;献身 ① 把...用于... ② 致力于;献身于 ③ 对...专心致志 Exercise 1. ‌I dedicate my life the pursuit of knowledge and personal growth. 2. She dedicated (she) to helping underprivileged children, sacrificing much of her personal time and energy. 3. The artist (dedicate) to creating beautiful and meaningful artworks for many years. 4.His (dedicate) to his craft has earned him numerous awards. 28. engage v. 参加;参与;吸引;雇用;聘请 adj. 从事于;忙于;被占用的;使用中的;已订婚的 n. 订婚;雇用;约定;亲密关系 ① 使自己从事,参加某事 ② 参加,参与(做)某事 ③ 与......订婚 ④ 聘请某人做某事 Exercise 1. The program aims to encourage students to engage (they)in making a difference in society. 2. The girl will (engage) to a promising young man. 3. They are engaged purposive activity. 4. As classes increased, tutors were engaged (help) the busier professor. 29. influential adj.具有影响力的 v./n. 影响 ① 对...有影响 ② 在...影响下 ③ 影响某人的决定 ④ 影响某人做某事 Exercise 1. To tell the truth, smoking has a bad i on one’s health. 2. She started out on a new journey the influence of her teacher. 3. In his day, he was a very (influence) politician. 4. I didn’t want him to influence me my decision. 30. in a larger sense在更大程度上,在更广泛的意义上 n. 感觉;感官;头脑;含义;意义 v.觉察到,意识到;了解 adj. 愚蠢的; 无知觉的; 无意义的 ① 有意义;讲得通 ② 在某种意义上 ③ 幽默感 ④ (做)......没意义 Exercise 1. Because of all this extra time, there was no sense urgency to do my school work immediately. 2. His explanation didn't really make sense me. 3. a sense, reading books is like traveling to different worlds. 4. The sight of her baby's smile filled her with sense of overwhelming joy. 31. carry out进行;实行,执行,贯彻 carry - - ① 继续; 坚持 ② 完成; 实现;使某人度过(难关) ③ 带回; 拿回; 使回想起 ④ 拿走, 冲走 Exercise 1. The operator has to be able to carry routine maintenance of the machine. 2. Though life is hard, we must carry hoping for the best. 3. His courage will carry him .‌ 4. The beautiful scenery carried me to my hometown. 32. die for为...献身; 急需(某物) v. 死亡 n. 死亡 adj. 死的 adj. 垂死的 adj.致命的 adv. 极度地；死一般地 ① 相继死去 ② 死于... ③ 渐渐消失;逐渐变弱 ④ 消失;灭绝 ⑤ 渴望得到某物/渴望做某事 Exercise 1. It turned out his father died a heart attack. 2. The (die) toll from the earthquake is mounting rapidly, with rescuers struggling to reach remote areas. 3. ‌Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying because of human activities. 4. ‌The north wind was bitter and (die)cold. 33. look to指望, 依赖; 展望, 期待; 注意, 留意 ① 指望某人做某事/提供某物 ② 期待,盼望 ③ 调查;向里看 ④ 回忆,回顾 ⑤ 注意察看,留心 ⑥ 把......看作 ⑦ 浏览;识破;看穿 ⑧ 轻视,瞧不起 Exercise 1. You have to look those reports before you attend the meeting. 2. I have been looking forward hearing from you. 3. When I looked back those days, I realized I was unhappy. 4. You should not look down someone else because he is poor. 5. They are looking to specialists help. 34. bring forth使产生,使出现; 生产 bring - - ① 引起,导致 ② 引入; 赚得 ③ 抚养;提出;呕吐 ④ 使显现,使表现出 ⑤ 实施 ⑥ 结束 ⑦ 揭露; 揭发 ⑧ 使...蒙羞 Exercise 1. Won’t new technology bring changes in our daily life. 2. Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor. 3. After eating the spoiled food, he felt nauseous and brought everything he had eaten. 4. They have already begun to bring their plans effect. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修二 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries重点词汇与短语 学习清单 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries重点词汇与短语 Starting out and understanding ideas: 1. assist v. 帮助;协助 assistant n.助手 adj. 助理的; 副的 assistance n. 帮助;援助;支持 ①with the assistance of... 在.....帮助下 ②assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 ③assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事 ④come to one’s assistance 帮助某人 Exercise 1. Any (assist) you could give the police will be greatly appreciated. 2. My best friend assisted me finding somewhere to live. 3. Her (assist) was accused of theft and fraud by the police. Answers 1. assistance 2. in 3. assistant 2. lack n. 缺乏 v. 缺少; 没有 lacking adj. 短缺的, 不足的 ①a lack of 缺乏...... ②lack confidence/imagination 缺乏信心/想象力 ③be lacking in 缺乏...... ④for/through lack of 因缺乏...... Exercise 1. Some students lack confidence themselves. 2. She felt nervous, increasingly (lack) in confidence about herself. 3. The charges were dropped lack of evidence. 4. The immediate problem is lack of food and water. Answers 1. in 2. lacking 3. for 4. a 3. priority n.优先处理的事情; 优先权 prior adj. 优先的; 以前的,在先的 ①the top priority 当务之急,重中之重 ②give priority to 认为...优先 ③have/take priority over 优先于... ④prior to... 在...之前; 先于某事 Exercise 1. Responsibility should have priority freedom. 2. They agreed to give the matter top (prior).‌ 3. ‌Prior the exams, it's essential to establish a consistent study routine. Answers 1. over 2. priority 3. to 4. vital adj. 极其重要的; 必不可少的 ①it is vital that... ...很有必要 ②it is vital to do sth. 做...必不可少 ③think it vital to do sth. 认为做某事很重要 ④be of vital importance to sb. 对某人至关重要 Exercise 1. is vital that we protect the environment for the sake of future generations. 2. It is vital (exercise) regularly to maintain good health and prevent diseases. 3. It is vital importance to young people to receive a good education. Answers 1. It 2. to exercise 3. of 5. relieve v. 给(某人)换班; 使减轻 relief n. 救济;减轻;宽慰 ①relieve sb. of sth. 帮某人减轻...... ②in relief /breathe a sigh of relief 松了口气；如释重负 ③to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 ④disaster relief/relief work 赈灾;灾难援助/救济工作 Exercise 1. Disaster (relieve) is crucial to saving lives and ensuring the well-being of those affected by a disaster. 2. He smiled relief after he heard he had been admitted to Tsinghua University. 3. her relief, her mother recovered quickly after the operation. 4. He relieved us our financial burden by providing funding. Answers 1. relief 2. in 3. To 4. of 6. involve v. 参加;牵涉; 包含 involvement n. 参与;卷入;牵连 ①involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事 ②involve sb. (in) doing sth.使某人参与(做)某事 ③be/get involved in 参与;卷入;与......有关联 = be related to/be associated with/be linked with Exercise 1. Everybody should be made aware of the risks (involve). 2. Her job involves (do) regular presentations to the team.‌ 3. He was involved a lawsuit(诉讼) because of his heedless remarks. 4. The police are investigating his possible (involve) in the crime. Answers 1. involved 2. doing 3. in 4. involvement 7. devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱 devote v. 致力,献身,投入 devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的;专用的 ①one’s devotion to(介) 某人对...的热爱/奉献 ②devote oneself to 献身于；致力于 =be devoted to doing ③devote life/time/energy to 把生命/时间/精力奉献于 ④be devoted to sb. 深爱某人 Exercise 1. Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely science. 2. Fans will show their (devote) by waiting for hours to get tickets to their favourite singer’s concert. 3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to (help) others. 4. The exhibition is devoted to the work of (disable) artists. ‌Answers 1. to 2. devotion 3. helping 4. disabled 8. amazed adj. 感到惊奇的;吃惊的 amaze v. 使震惊；使惊讶 amazing adj 令人吃惊的 amazement n. 震惊；惊讶 ①be amazed by 对......感到十分惊奇 ②be amazed to learn/discover 吃惊地得知/发现 ③to one’s amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是 ④in/with amazement 惊异地 Exercise 1. To my (amaze), the little girl still remembered me. 2. We were amazed (find) that no one was hurt. 3. I was banging so loudly I’m (amaze) that they didn’t hear me. 4. Working on the film was an (amaze) experience. Answers 1. amazement 2. to find 3. amazed 4. amazing 9. outbreak n. 爆发, 突然发生的事 break out 爆发 break - broke - broken ①come in 进来 income n. 收入 ②put out 生产;制造 output n. 产量 ③come out出现;结果是;出版 outcome 结果,后果 ④stand out 突出;显眼 outstanding adj. 杰出的 Exercise 1. We are waiting to hear the final (结果) of the negotiations. 2. The (爆发)of the fire brought serious disaster to the local area. 3. We must increase our (产量) to meet people's needs. Answers 1. outcome 2. outbreak 3. output 10. risk n. 危险;风险 v. 冒...的危险 risky adj. 危险的；有风险的 ①put... at risk 把...置于危险境地 ②(be) at risk 处于危险之中,受到威胁 ③take/run risks of doing sth. 冒险做某事 ④risk (doing) sth. 冒(做)...的危险 Exercise 1. The hero must take certain (risk) to achieve his ambition. 2. Investing in airlines is a very (risk)business. 3. Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk (damage) the unborn foetus(胎儿). 4. The doctor must not allow the patient to be put risk. Answers 1. risks 2. risky 3. damaging 4. at 11. step into one’s shoes 接替某人的工作;感同身受 step v.踩;踏;行走;迈步 n. 步;步骤;一步(的距离);台阶 step - stepped - stepped ①=step into the shoes of sb. ②in one’s shoes 处于某人的位置/处境 ③put oneself in one’s shoes 设身处地为某人着想 ④follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人 Exercise 1. He’d like John to step his shoes when he resigned. 2. If you can put (you) in each others’ shoes, you won’t quarrel so much. 3. She followed her mother's footsteps and became a teacher. Answers 1. into 2. yourselves 3. in 12. make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心(做某事) mind n. 大脑;心思;智慧;思维方式 v. 介意;当心,注意 mindset n.(常sing.) 观念模式；思维倾向 mindfulness [U]n.正念；关注，意识 ①=be determined to do/decide to do sth. ②mind (one’s) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事 ③bear/keep... in mind 记住 =bear/keep it in mind that... Exercise 1. Bear mind that gas stations are scarce in the more remote areas. 2. He made up her mind (propose) his girlfriend on Valentine's Day. 3. There were all kinds of thoughts (run) through my mind. 4. We can be more (mind) of the energy we use to heat our homes. Answers 1.in 2. to propose 3. running 4. mindful 13. call on/upon 请求,要求,需求; 号召,拜访 ①call on/upon + sb. 拜访某人 + sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 ②call at 拜访;访问;停靠 ③call off 取消;停止 ④call for 要求; 需要;来取,来接 ⑤call up sb. 给...打电话;应召入伍 Exercise 1. The organiser called the sports meeting due to the bad weather. 2. The president called on the public (support) his new policy. 3. He (call) up when the war broke out. 4. The task called a lot of courage and determination. Answers 1. off 2. to support 3. was called 4. for Using language: 14. realistic adj. 能够实现的; 现实的 reality n. 真实,现实 realise/realize n. 实现; 意识到 ①set a realistic goal 设定可实现的目标 ②in reality 实际上,事实上 ③bring... back to reality 使...回到现实 ④make sth. a reality 使某事成为现实 Exercise 1. In my own experience, I recently set a (reality) goal of improving my proficiency in a foreign language. 2. The doctor used artificial respiration to bring the patient back life. 3. They are trying their best to make the dream reality. 4. She worked tirelessly and eventually (realize)her goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur. Answers 1. realistic 2. to 3. a 4. realized 15. minority n. 少数派;少数; 未成年 adj. 少数民族的;少数人的 majority n. 大部分,大多数 minor adj. 少数的;较小的 n. 未成年人 v. 辅修 major adj. 重要的；主要的；大的 n. 主修课程；专业；[法律]成年人；少校 v. 主修(in) ①be in a/the minority 占少数 ②a minority of... 少数... ③the majority of ... ...的大多数 Exercise 1. When she graduated from high school, Amy wanted to major literature. 2. Artistic people are in a (minor) in this country.‌ 3. The (major) of my patients come to me from out of town. 4. minority of students prefer to study in small groups rather than in large lectures. Answers 1. in 2. minority 3. majority 4. A 16. particular adj. 特别的;特指的 adj. 挑剔的;讲究的 particularly adv. 特别, 尤其 ①in particular 尤其, 特别 ②be particular about 对...挑剔/讲究 ③be particular to 是...特有的 Exercise 1. People nowadays seem not to be particular the rules of ordering dishes. 2. The coconut is particular the tropics. 3. There was one poem particular that’s stayed in my memory. 4. The weather is (particular) good today, especially the sunlight in the afternoon. Answers 1. about 2. to 3. in 4. particularly 17. cast v. 选派(角色) v. 投, 抛; 投射; 描述; 分类 cast - cast -cast ①cast sb. as... 选派某人演... ②cast a shadow over sth. 在某物上投下影子 ③cast light on... 了解/阐明... ④cast down 感到沮丧; 感到沮丧 Exercise 1. Her father’s infectious disease cast a shadow the family. 2. He was cast by what his manager said. 3. The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light why they became extinct. 4. He has cast her an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. Answers 1. over 2. down 3. on 4. as 18. rewarding adj. 值得做的; 有意义的 reward n. 报酬; 奖金 v. 奖励; 奖赏 ①highly rewarding 高回报的 ②in reward (for...) 作为(对...)回报 ③reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人 ④reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而奖励某人 Exercise 1. The job of being a teacher is highly (reward), not just financially but also emotionally. 2. reward, you will receive an excellent salary. 3. The teacher rewarded the top student a certificate. 4. ‌The company rewarded the employees their hard work and dedication to the project. Answers 1. rewarding 2. In 3. with 4. for 19. effect n. 影响,效果,作用 effective adj. 有效的；生效的 effectively adv. 有效地；事实上 affect v. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感动 ①have an effect on 对......有影响 ②come into/take effect 开始生效;开始起作用 ③in effect 事实上，实际上 ④be deeply affected by 被...深深打动 Exercise 1.It’s a disease affects mainly older people. 2. Unhealthy living habits had a bad effect his health. 3. (affect) by the rise of house prices, people in big cities live under great pressure. 4. What is the (effect) way of teaching children to read and write. 5. The medicine takes (affect) after about half an hour. Answers 1. that 2. on 3. Affected 4. most effective 5. effect 20. include v. 包含;包括使成为…的一部分 included adj. 包括在内的 including prep. 包括…在内 inclusive adj.包容广阔的;范围广泛的 ①include doing sth. 包括做某事 ②including sth.=sth. included 包括某物 Exercise 1. The expenses of the journey (include) in the account. 2. The course includes (study) different cultures and histories. 3. There are 36 students in our class,me (include). =There are 36 students in our class, (include) me. Answers 1. are included 2. studying 3. included 4. including 21. leading adj. 主要的;一流的; 领先的 lead n. 领先;榜样; 占优势 leader n. 领导人; 领袖 leadership n. n. 领导;领导地位 ①lead to 导致; 造成 =bring about=result in ②lead sb. to sp./to do sth. 带领某人去某地/引导某人做某事 ③take the lead in sth. 在...中占主要地位 ④(be) in the lead 占优势;领先 ⑤under sb’s leadership 在某人的带领下 Exercise 1. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead imprisonment. 2. The G-7 organization groups together the world's seven (lead) industrialized nations. 3. We are going to hold a rally(集会) next month to elect a new (lead). 4. ‌He is taking lead over his opponent with the score 3-2.‌ Answers 1. to 2. leading 3. leader 4. the 22. no wonder+句子 难怪...; ...并不奇怪 wonder n. 奇迹;奇观;惊奇 v.想知道;感到惊讶 wonderful adj. 绝妙的;令人惊奇的 ①=it’s no wonder (that)+句子 ②it’s a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是... ③in wonder 惊讶地 ④wonder at/about 对...感到疑惑/奇怪 Exercise 1. I wonder we should go next. 2. She wonders she’ll ever be able to fulfill her ambition. 3. The children looked up wonder‌ at the big elephant. 4. It's wonder that he managed to finish the marathon in under three hours, considering he had only been training for a few weeks. Answers 1. where 2. whether/if 3. in 4. a 23. bring... together使结合/连接; 使...坐在一起;使...会面 bring - brought - brought ①bring up 抚养;教育; 提出; 呕吐 ②bring about 引起;导致;促成 ③bring in 推行; 采用;带...进来 ④bring ...back to life 使...苏醒; 使...复活 ⑤bring ...into focus 使...成为焦点 Exercise 1. The recent research has brought the issue of climate change sharp focus, urging governments to take immediate action. 2. My parents brought me with love and care. 3. He brought the question of salary at the meeting. 4. Smoking will bring lots of bad results. 5. He brought two new members last week. Answers 1. into 2. up 3. up 4. about 5. in Developing ideas and presenting ideas 24. mount v. 走上,登上 mount的它意: vt.①骑上;乘上②逐步增加③组织开展 ①mount the horse 骑上马 ②the death toll mounting 死亡人数的上升 ③mount an exhibition 组织展览 Exercise 1. He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 2. The enemies mounted their horses and rode away. 3. The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of Danish painting. 4. The budget for the project has been mounting as we add more features. Answers 1. 登上 2. 骑上 3. 组织 4. 逐渐增加 25. memory n. 记忆力; 记忆; 回忆 memorize v. 记住 memorable adj. 难忘的 memorial adj. 纪念的;悼念的 n. 纪念碑;纪念物;纪念品 ①in memory of sb. 为了纪念某人 = to the memory of sb. ②have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差 ③bring back memories 勾起回忆 Exercise‌ 1. It brought back so many (memory) of her childhood. 2. The congress opened with a minute’s silence memory of those who died in the struggle. 3. He made an entry of the (memory)events in his diary. 4. I don't try (memory)speeches word for word. Answers 1. memories 2. in 3. memorial 4. to memorize 26. division n. 分歧; 分裂;分开;除(法) divide v. 使分开;除以 divided adj. 分裂的; 有分歧的 ①divide... in half 把...分成两半 ②divide... into... 把...划分成... ③divide A from B 使A与B分离 ④divide A by B A 除以 B Exercise 1. The students (divide) into four groups. 2. The fence divides my land hers. 3. 20 (divide) by 4 is 5. 4. Take out a sheet of paper, and divide the paper half. Answers 1. are divided 2. from 3. divided 4. in 27. dedicate v. 致力于; 献身于 dedicated adj. 专用的;献身的;专心致志的 dedication n. 奉献;献身 ①dedicate one’s time/life to 把...用于... ②dedicate oneself to 致力于;献身于 ③be dedicated to(介) 对...专心致志 Exercise 1. ‌I dedicate my life the pursuit of knowledge and personal growth. 2. She dedicated (she) to helping underprivileged children, sacrificing much of her personal time and energy. 3. The artist (dedicate) to creating beautiful and meaningful artworks for many years. 4.His (dedicate) to his craft has earned him numerous awards. Answers 1. to 2. herself 3. has been dedicated 4. dedication 28. engage v. 参加;参与;吸引;雇用;聘请 engaged adj. 从事于;忙于;被占用的;使用中的;已订婚的 engagement n. 订婚;雇用;约定;亲密关系 ①engage (oneself) in doing sth. 使自己从事,参加某事 ②be engaged in (doing) sth. 参加,参与(做)某事 ③be engaged to 与......订婚 ④engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 Exercise 1. The program aims to encourage students to engage (they)in making a difference in society. 2. The girl will (engage) to a promising young man. 3. They are engaged purposive activity. 4. As classes increased, tutors were engaged (help) the busier professor. Answers 1. themselves 2. be engaged 3. in 4. to help 29. influential adj.具有影响力的 influence v./n. 影响 ①have an influence/effect/impact on... 对...有影响 ②under the influence of... 在...影响下 ③influence sb. in a decision 影响某人的决定 ④influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事 Exercise 1. To tell the truth, smoking has a bad i on one’s health. 2. She started out on a new journey the influence of her teacher. 3. In his day, he was a very (influence) politician. 4. I didn’t want him to influence me my decision. Answers 1. influence/impact 2. under 3. influential 4. in 30. in a larger sense在更大程度上,在更广泛的意义上 sense n. 感觉;感官;头脑;含义;意义 v.觉察到,意识到;了解 senseless adj. 愚蠢的; 无知觉的; 无意义的 ①make sense (to do sth.) 有意义;讲得通 ②in a sense 在某种意义上 ③a sense of humour 幽默感 ④there is no sense of sth./in doing sth. (做)......没意义 Exercise 1. Because of all this extra time, there was no sense urgency to do my school work immediately. 2. His explanation didn't really make sense me. 3. a sense, reading books is like traveling to different worlds. 4. The sight of her baby's smile filled her with sense of overwhelming joy. Answers 1. of 2. to 3. In 4. a 31. carry out进行;实行,执行,贯彻 carry - carried - carried ①carry on (with sth/doing sth.) 继续; 坚持 ②carry through 完成; 实现;使某人度过(难关) ③carry back 带回; 拿回; 使回想起 ④carry away 拿走, 冲走 Exercise 1. The operator has to be able to carry routine maintenance of the machine. 2. Though life is hard, we must carry hoping for the best. 3. His courage will carry him .‌ 4. The beautiful scenery carried me to my hometown. Answers 1. out 2. on 3.through 4. back 32. die for为...献身; 急需(某物) die v. 死亡 death n. 死亡 dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 垂死的 deadly adj.致命的 adv. 极度地；死一般地 ①die off 相继死去 ②die from/of 死于... ③die away 渐渐消失;逐渐变弱 ④die out 消失;灭绝 ⑤be dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望得到某物/渴望做某事 Exercise 1. It turned out his father died a heart attack. 2. The (die) toll from the earthquake is mounting rapidly, with rescuers struggling to reach remote areas. 3. ‌Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying because of human activities. 4. ‌The north wind was bitter and (die)cold. Answers 1. of 2. death 3. out 4. deadly 33. look to指望, 依赖; 展望, 期待; 注意, 留意 ①look to sb. to do sth./for sth. 指望某人做某事/提供某物 ②look forward to 期待,盼望 ③look into 调查;向里看 ④look back on 回忆,回顾 ⑤look out for 注意察看,留心 ⑥look on...as... 把......看作 ⑦look through 浏览;识破;看穿 ⑧look down on/upon 轻视,瞧不起 Exercise 1. You have to look those reports before you attend the meeting. 2. I have been looking forward hearing from you. 3. When I looked back those days, I realized I was unhappy. 4. You should not look down someone else because he is poor. 5. They are looking to specialists help. Answers 1. through 2. to 3. to 4. on/upon 5. for 34. bring forth使产生,使出现; 生产 bring - brought - brought ①bring about 引起,导致 ②bring in 引入; 赚得 ③bring up 抚养;提出;呕吐 ④bring back 使显现,使表现出 ⑤bring...into effect 实施 ⑥bring to an end 结束 ⑦bring sth. to light 揭露; 揭发 ⑧bring disgrace on 使...蒙羞 Exercise 1. Won’t new technology bring changes in our daily life. 2. Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor. 3. After eating the spoiled food, he felt nauseous and brought everything he had eaten. 4. They have already begun to bring their plans effect. Answers 1. about 2. out 3. up 4. into 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$