内容正文:
英语 选择性必修·第二册 作业与测评(北师)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 1
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 完形填空
Most of us lose life's tough battles by starting an unexpected attack—when a touch of humour might well enable us to win. __1__ the case of a young friend of mine, who was trapped in a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving a warning about being late for the job. __2__ there was a good reason for Sam's being late—serious illness at home—he __3__ that this bynowfamiliar excuse wouldn't work any longer. His boss was probably already pacing __4__ preparing a speech to fire him.
Yes, the boss was. Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; __5__ was hard at work. Sam's boss came up to him angrily. Suddenly, Sam __6__ and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “I'm Sam Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, became __7__ just 35 minutes ago. Does the __8__ bird get the worm?”
The room exploded in laughter. The boss __9__ a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had __10__ his job—with the only tool that could win a laugh. __11__ is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for making up differences, apologizing, criticizing and __12__ the other fellow to do what you want __13__ his losing face. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so __14__ that serious dialogue may start a quarrel. __15__ many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious problems than people in any other field.
篇章导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一个小故事讲述了幽默的重要性。在人生很多场激烈的争斗中,如果我们与人硬碰硬正面交锋的话,可能败得一塌糊涂,而幽默往往使我们反败为胜。
1.A.Think B.Imagine
C.Suppose D.Consider
答案:D think 思考;imagine 想象;suppose 假如;consider 考虑。此处指考虑到作者的一个年轻朋友的情况。故选D。
2.A.If B.Because
C.Unless D.Although
答案:D if 如果;because 因为;unless 除非;although 尽管。此处指尽管萨姆迟到有很好的理由——在家生病。故选D。
3.A.decided B.said
C.talked D.urged
答案:A decide 断定;say 说;talk 交谈;urge 敦促。此处指他断定这种耳熟能详的借口再也不管用了。故选A。
4.A.here and there B.in and out
C.up and down D.now and then
答案:C here and there 到处;in and out 进进出出;up and down 来回,上上下下;now and then 时而。句意:他的老板在办公室走来走去,准备解雇他的发言。故选C。
5.A.somebody B.everybody
C.nobody D.anybody
答案:B somebody某人;everybody 每个人;nobody 没有人;anybody 任何人。此处指每个人都努力工作。故选B。
6.A.cried B.shouted
C.started D.smiled
答案:D cry 哭;shout 大喊;start 开始;smile 微笑。句意:萨姆微笑着并伸出他的手。故选D。
7.A.available B.fragrant
C.possible D.reasonable
答案:A available 可以得到的;fragrant 芳香的;possible 可能的;reasonable 合理的。此处指35分钟之前刚刚空下来,可以得到一份工作。故选A。
8.A.lazy B.late
C.diligent D.early
答案:D early bird gets the worm是习语,表示“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”。故选D。
9.A.sent B.hid
C.forced D.had
答案:C send 送;hide 隐藏;force 强作(笑颜);强装(欢笑);have 有。句意:老板勉强笑笑并回到了自己的办公室。故选C。
10.A.protected B.saved
C.held D.took
答案:B protect 保护;save 拯救;hold 容纳;take 带。此处指萨姆拯救了他的工作。故选B。
11.A.Understanding B.Apology
C.Humour D.Communication
答案:C 根据第一段第一句中的“when a touch of humour might well enable us to win”可知,幽默往往使我们反败为胜。故选C。
12.A.making B.having
C.letting D.getting
答案:D 固定搭配get sb to do sth“让某人做某事”。此处表示让其他人做你想做的事。故选D。
13.A.without B.for
C.to D.with
答案:A without “没有”。此处指没有让他丢脸。故选A。
14.A.constant B.easy
C.sensitive D.heated
答案:C constant 不断的;easy 容易的;sensitive 敏感的;heated 激烈的。句意:可以利用幽默这种方式讨论非常敏感的主题,与这些主题相关的严肃对话可能会引起争吵。故选C。
15.A.After all B.For example
C.At length D.Even so
答案:B 此处是举例,应用for example。故选B。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.
When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly,” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do,” another boy also said to him, loudly.
Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.
Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.
As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. “You'll do a terrible job,” they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.
Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!
篇章导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Brian(布莱恩)不在乎不友善的人嘲笑他的话,通过自己的努力,最终成为了一名深受粉丝喜爱的喜剧明星。
1.What did Brian love best when he was a student?
A.Going to school.
B.Helping classmates.
C.Meeting new friends.
D.Watching comedies.
答案:D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.”可知,当Brian是一个学生时,他最喜欢看喜剧。故选D。
2.Brian decided to prepare for the show because ________.
A.he was invited by a TV station
B.his friends liked his jokes
C.he wasn't busy acting in movies
D.Ken was expecting his performance
答案:B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.(但他记得他的朋友有多喜欢他的笑话,而且他的老师也说他很有趣。所以他决定为演出做准备。)”可知,Brian决定为这次表演做准备是因为他的朋友们喜欢他的笑话。故选B。
3.After winning the first prize, Brian ________.
A.began to understand Ken
B.became a teacher of acting
C.continued to work towards his goal
D.encouraged others to join him
答案:C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He confidently continued to work towards his goal.”可知,在获得一等奖后,Brian继续朝着他的目标努力。故选C。
4.Brian's fans thanked him because his comedies brought them ________.
A.happiness B.success
C.luck D.pride
答案:A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.”可知,Brian的粉丝感谢他是因为他的喜剧给他们带来了快乐。故选A。
B
The practice of encouraging laughter with the sound of laughter itself dates back to the 16th century. During performances of Shakespearean plays, there were people who laughed at just the right moments. This would cause other members of the audience to laugh in a similar way, thus making the show seem funnier.
Centuries later, when comedy programs were popular on radio, the sound of a laughing audience was a natural part of performances that were aired live. To make sure his performances were aired at the same time in each time zone, actor Bing Crosby had his show prerecorded. Eventually, one of the show's writers realized that big laughs from old recordings could be added in to follow new jokes. So the world was introduced to canned laughter.
When TV came along, laugh tracks were recorded from the live studio audience that was present at a show. But sometimes, the audience didn't laugh at the expected time, making these moments seem dull to those watching at home. To fix this problem, TV audio engineer Charley Douglass invented a machine called the Laff Box.
Douglass' Laff Box was a collection of tapes connected to different keys. Each tape contained canned laughter that was carefully selected by Douglass for its particular quality. For example, one tape might have produced very soft laughs, while another produced loud cackles (咯咯笑). The machine could be played almost like a musical instrument: if the live audience didn't laugh enough, Douglass would “sweeten” the audio by adding the right amount and type of canned laughter. This technique could even be used when no audience was present, as with cartoons. Critics have long claimed that canned laughter is merely a trick to make people laugh at bad jokes. Live laugh tracks, however, can still be heard on popular modern shows like The Big Bang Theory. Sometimes it's just more fun to share in the laughter—canned or otherwise.
篇章导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“罐头笑声”,它是提前录好的,而不是现场观众发出的真实笑声。
5.What is mentioned about Shakespearean plays?
A.They were sometimes broadcast on radio.
B.Most of these plays weren't funny enough.
C.Some viewers were purposefully arranged to laugh.
D.Canned laughter was used during the performances.
答案:C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During performances of Shakespearean plays, there were people who laughed at just the right moments. This would cause other members of the audience to laugh in a similar way”可知,在莎士比亚戏剧表演时,一些观众被故意安排大笑来使其他观众发出类似的笑声。故选C。
6.What can be concluded from Paragraph 2?
A.Bing Crosby's older jokes got more laughs.
B.Bing Crosby's show was aired live worldwide.
C.Bing Crosby's team made comedy programs popular.
D.Bing Crosby's team brought canned laughter into existence.
答案:D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“one of the show's writers realized that big laughs from ... introduced to canned laughter”可推知,是Bing Crosby团队让“罐头笑声”问世。故选D。
7.What can we learn about Douglass' Laff Box?
A.It can offer many types of laughter.
B.It is inconvenient for people to use.
C.It isn't allowed by law today.
D.It can make bad jokes funny.
答案:A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二、三句“Douglass' Laff Box was a collection of tapes connected to different keys ... For example, one tape might have produced very soft laughs, while another produced loud cackles (咯咯笑).”可推知,它可以提供多种类型的笑声。故选A。
8.How does the text mainly develop?
A.By giving examples.
B.By analyzing reasons.
C.By following time order.
D.By making comparisons.
答案:C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The practice of encouraging laughter with the sound of laughter itself dates back to the 16th century.”,第二段中的“Centuries later”和第三段第一句中的“When TV came along”可推知,文章是根据时间顺序来组织全文的。故选C。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华,你的笔友Williams想学习中国相声,请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.相声的简介;
2.著名的演员;
3.学习相声的条件。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Williams,
So glad to know you are keen on Chinese crosstalk.
Hope that it can be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Williams,
So glad to know you are keen on Chinese crosstalk.
It is a traditional form of comedy with a history of over 150 years. In crosstalk, the performers talk together, do impressions, tell jokes and sing, making people laugh.
Crosstalk masters such as Zhu Shaowen, Hou Baolin and Ma Sanli used to bring great joy to Chinese people. Now in Beijing, a good place to enjoy crosstalk is Deyunshe, hosted by Guo Degang.
To learn to perform crosstalk, you have to speak Chinese and have a good knowledge of Chinese culture.
Hope that it can be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【持续背记】
①Though the winter solstice is the day with the least amount of sunlight, that's not because of the sunset.
尽管冬至是日照最少的一天,但这不是因为日落(时间早)。
②It is through the fruitpicking activity that we are aware of the value of working hard.
正是通过采摘水果的活动,我们意识到努力工作的价值。
③Both the Yangtze River and Mount Tai enjoy a great reputation and are well worth a visit.
长江和泰山都享有盛誉,都值得一游。
【持续积累】
the least amount of 最少量的
be aware of 意识到,知道
名誉,名声
课时作业(三)
[基础训练]
Ⅰ 根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1.In times of ________ (危难时刻) I know which friends I can turn to.
答案:crisis
2.The guests were mostly ________ (中年的) men talking business.
答案:middleaged
3.Can we ________ (推断) from your silence that you do not approve?
答案:deduce
4.Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in ________ (天文学).
答案:astronomy
5.I was angry at the time but we had a good laugh about it ________ (随后).
答案:afterwards
6.The girl put her cup back in its s________ carefully.
答案:saucer
7.His father has just recovered from heart s________.
答案:surgery
8.She stood in the d________ for a moment before going in.
答案:doorway
9.The f________ said there would be sunny intervals and showers.
答案:forecast
10.The hotel offers a friendly a________ and personal service.
答案:atmosphere
Ⅱ 单句语法填空
1.Clearly this is a ________ (potential) dangerous situation.
答案:potentially
2.However, now we ________ (see) some emerge in countries that never had such diseases before.
答案:are seeing
3.I won't ________ (go) there again in a hurry—the food was terrible.
答案:be going
4.I have been a ________ (faith) reader of your newspaper for many years.
答案:faithful
5.We found further ________ (science) evidence for this theory.
答案:scientific
6.Until now, an adequate ________ (measure) tool did not exist.
答案:measurement
7.A personal diet plan is devised after a ________ (consult) with a nutritionist.
答案:consultation
8.These days we ________ (help) the farmers work on the farm.
答案:are helping
9.Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案:have been trying
10.Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.
答案:will be teaching
Ⅲ 单句表达
1.我想知道你明晚是否能加入我们。
I wonder ______________________ tomorrow evening.
答案:if you can join us
2.他自14岁起就一直研究和投资股票市场。
________________________________ the stock market since he was 14.
答案:He's been studying and playing
3.房租是贵,可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。
The rent is high, ________________ the house is satisfactory.
答案:but otherwise
4.汤姆正在做作业时,他妈妈走进了他的房间。
Tom ________________________________ his mother walked into his room.
答案:was doing his homework when
5.现任领导人必须决定是否将工作移交给较年轻的一代。
The present leaders have to decide whether to __________________________________.
答案:hand over to a younger generation
[思维训练]
Ⅰ 阅读
It was about five in the morning in Ontario, Canada, when Donna Strickland's phone rang. The Nobel Prize committee was on the line in Stockholm, calling to tell her she had won the prize in physics.
“I wondered if it was a joke,” Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call. She had been asleep when the call arrived. “Something was wrong because it came so early in the morning. But then I knew it was the right day, and it would have been a cruel joke.”
Strickland, an associate professor at the University of Waterloo, shares the honor with two other scientists for their work in the 1980s in transforming lasers (激光) into tiny tools that today have countless application. The prize money $1.4 million will be shared among the three. Half the prize went to Strickland and her cooperator Gerard Mourou, a professor at the Ecole Poly technique in France. The other half was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, a retired physicist who worked at the famous Bell Labs in the United States.
Strickland's win is historic in more than one way. It's been over 55 years since a woman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1903, Marie Curie became the firstever woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. For the next 60 years, no women physicists were awarded. Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second woman physicist to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963.
Strickland herself was surprised to learn she was the third woman to receive the honor in physics. “Is that all, really? I thought there might have been more.” she said at a press conference Tuesday. “We need to celebrate women physicists, because we're out there. Hopefully, in time, it will start to move forward at a faster rate.”
篇章导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了Donna Strickland(唐娜·斯特里克兰)的获奖经历,她成为历史上第三位女性诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。
1.What was Donna's first reaction after she received the call?
A.She felt all efforts paid off.
B.She was too excited to say a word.
C.She was doubtful about it.
D.She was annoyed at being waken up.
答案:C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“‘I wondered if it was a joke,’ Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call.(‘我想知道这是不是个玩笑,’斯特里克兰接电话后,在接受一位诺贝尔奖官员的采访时说。)”可推知,Donna接到电话后的第一反应是表示怀疑。故选C。
2.How much was Donna rewarded for winning the Nobel Prize?
A.About $350,000. B.About $2.8 million.
C.About $700,000. D.About $1.4 million.
答案:A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The prize money $1.4 million will be shared among the three ... in the United States.”可知,三个人分140万美元的奖金,Donna Strickland跟她的合作者Gerard Mourou (热拉尔·穆鲁)分其中的一半。另一半奖金分给了Arthur Ashkin(亚瑟·阿斯金)。由此可知,Donna得到的奖金大约是$350,000($1.4 million××=$350,000)。故选A。
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.Strickland's achievements in physics.
B.The history of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
C.Strickland's struggle to win the Nobel Prize.
D.Three women winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics in history.
答案:D 段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知,Strickland获得诺贝尔物理学奖;1903年,Marie Curie(玛丽·居里)成为第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性;Maria Goeppert Mayer (玛丽亚·格珀特·梅耶)1963年成为第二位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。由此可知,第四段主要介绍了历史上获得诺贝尔物理学奖的三位女性。故选D。
4.What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The Nobel Prize in Physics.
B.The achievement of men physicists.
C.The celebration of the Nobel Prize winners.
D.Awarding women physicists the Nobel Prize in Physics.
答案:D 指代判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to celebrate women physicists, because we're out there.”可推知,it指代的是前面提到的“授予女性物理学家诺贝尔物理学奖”这件事。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
The British Sense of Humour
The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to make sense of their jokes. The main thing to remember is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. __1__ Another key to understanding British humour is to know that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in unpleasant situations or to make another person look silly. __2__
The British like to make fun of many other things. They often laugh about the silly and terrible things that happen to us every day, like when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. __3__ Finally, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedy programme Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.
__4__ In pictures, he almost never talks, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. For instance, once Mr Bean bought a large chair. He needed to take it home, but it was too big to fit in his small car. His solution was to put the chair on top of his car. __5__ Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people can better understand the British sense of humour.
A.British humour brings people laughter and content.
B.Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
C.Then, he sat in the chair and used a broom to drive the car!
D.They also like to make jokes about situations that are quite serious.
E.Throughout the film, the audience were amused by his convincing acting.
F.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
G.Such jokes are normally about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave.
篇章导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式幽默的特点。
1.D 根据前文“The main thing to remember is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.(最要紧的是记住英国人喜欢开自己和其他人的玩笑。)”可知,设空处应进一步陈述英式幽默的特点。D项(他们也喜欢对相当严肃的情况开玩笑。)照应前文。故选D。
2.B 根据前文“Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.(低调说法意味着说的比你想的或感觉的程度要低。)”可知,本段围绕着understatement展开。B项(低调说法在英式幽默中扮演着重要的角色。)对应本段的主旨,understatement是关键词。故选B。
3.G 根据前文“They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.(他们也喜欢拿社会不同阶层的人开玩笑。)”可知,设空处应陈述他们可能在哪些方面开玩笑。G项(这样的笑话通常是关于他们的口音、穿衣方式和行为方式。)进一步做出说明。故选G。
4.F 根据前文“The comedy programme Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.(喜剧节目《憨豆先生》就是这种幽默的一个很好的例子。)”和后文“In pictures, he almost never talks, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh.(在电影里,他几乎没有语言,相反他用他的肢体动作和面部表情让人们笑。)”可知,F项(憨豆先生是英国演员罗温·阿特金森在1990年创造的角色。)进一步介绍憨豆先生。后文的he就是指代选项中的Mr Bean。故选F。
5.C 根据前文“For instance, once Mr Bean bought a ... His solution was to put the chair on top of his car.(例如,有一次憨豆先生买了一把很大的椅子。他需要把它搬回家,但椅子太大了,车里装不下。他的解决办法是把椅子放在车顶上。)”可知,C项(然后,他坐在椅子上,用扫帚开车!)陈述憨豆先生下一步的做法。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
At present, high school students are under increasing pressure to study long hours every day. They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school, some of __1__ even have to attend extra __2__ (class) in their spare time. This __3__ (great) affects their health and make their parents and teachers concerned. __4__ (help) solve the problem, recently, some relevant government departments have made a new regulation (规定) that no students shall go to school at weekends or during __5__ (office) holidays. We support __6__ such a reform aims for, and we know that it is necessary and important for us students to balance study and __7__ (relax). You see, New Year's Day __8__ (come), and I'll make good use of the time to relax. Also, I come to realize that __9__ I can rest well, I will be able to study __10__ (effective) when I come back to school.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者提到了现在高中生压力大这一现象,建议为学生提供足够的休息时间,让学生们均衡学习与休息。
1.whom 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,介词of后用whom指一些学生。故填whom。
2.classes 考查名词。class为可数名词,此处用复数。故填classes。
3.greatly 考查词性转换。修饰动词affects应用副词。故填greatly。
4.To help 考查非谓语动词。此处指为了解决这个问题,近来,一些相关政府部门制定了一项新的规定。此处用动词不定式表示目的,故填To help。
5.official 考查词性转换。设空后有名词holidays,应用形容词修饰。故填official。
6.what 考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中for后缺少宾语,指代事物,应用what引导。故填what。
7.relaxation 考查词性转换。此处为and连接的两个并列的名词。故填relaxation。
8.is coming 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。动词come用进行时表示将来,且主语New Year's Day为单数。故填is coming。
9.if 考查连词。设空处引导条件状语从句,表示假设,故填if。
10.effectively 考查词性转换。修饰动词study用副词。故填effectively。
【持续背记】
①They looked at each other, their expressions of relief and gratitude more persuasive than words.
他们面面相觑,宽慰和感激的表情比言语更有说服力。
②It goes without saying that going to bed early and getting up early is of great benefit to our health.
不言而喻,早睡早起对我们的健康有很大的好处。
③One thing slowing the adoption of Christmas trees was the burden most families faced of having to find and chop down their own trees.
过去圣诞树在美国的接受度不太高,因为多数家庭不得不自己去寻找和砍伐圣诞树。
【持续积累】
persuasive/pə'sweIsIv/adj. 有说服力的,能使人信服的
benefit/'benIfIt/n. 好处,益处
adoption/ə'dɒpʃn/n. 接受;采用
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