Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures(课件)-【上好课】高一英语同步高效课堂（人教版2019必修第二册）

高中英语人教版2019必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures Learning objectives learn new words in this unit; learn to use the past participles as the attribute and the object complement; promote patriotism and sportsmanship among students. 01. Words and Expressions Lead-in Words and Expressions Memorize words with pictures mansion gallery port battle cemetery heel butter poet Lead-in Words formation philosophy n. 哲学 philosopher n. 哲学家 philosophical adj.哲学的；处乱不惊的 individual adj. 单独的；独特的 n. [C]个人 individualism n. 个人主义 individuality n. 个性，特征 Lead-in Words formation surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n.环境；周围的情况 defence n.防御；保卫→defend v.保卫；保护；辩护→defensive adj.保卫的；防御的 conquer v.占领；征服；控制→conquest n.击败；征服 Lead-in Words formation evidence n.证据；证明→evident adj.显然的；明显的 fascinate v.深深吸引；使着迷→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinated adj.着迷的 →fascination n.吸引力；魅力；入迷 achievement n.成就；成绩；达到→achieve v.实现；完成 legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 非法的 Lead-in Words formation announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→ announcement n.公告；通告 ensure vt.确保；保证；担保→ sure adj.一定的；确实的；有把握的 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ generosity n.慷慨；大方 Lead-in Words formation 【例句】 Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion. 孔子曰：“学而不思则罔。” [U] 不确定，困惑；混乱，混乱状态 confuse sb. with sth. 某事令某人迷惑不解 confuse A and/with B 混淆A与B 用法拓展 Key words 1. confusion Lead-in Words formation Key words 2. puzzle ① I am in a puzzle about getting along with my new classmates. ② Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 【翻译】Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 了解一点英国历史能帮你解决这个疑惑。 1) n. 谜；难题 be in a puzzle (about/as to) 感到困惑；不知如何是好 be a puzzle to sb. ……对某人来说是个谜 Lead-in Words formation 2) vt. 迷惑；使困惑 What puzzles sb. is +sth./从句 使某人困惑的是…… ① Karen puzzled over the question all evening. ② He was trying to puzzle out why he had been brought to the house. ③ What puzzles me is why his books are so popular. puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索…… puzzle out 仔细考虑；琢磨出……的答案 Lead-in Words formation be puzzled/confused/bewildered about/by sth. puzzling 令人感到困惑的 His puzzlement shows that he feels puzzled by this puzzling puzzle. adj. puzzled 感到困惑的 n. puzzlement 迷惑 ①do sth in puzzlement 做……很困惑 ②to one’s puzzlement 令某人感到困惑的是 Lead-in Words formation ①The firemen were ______ a puzzle about the cause of the fire. ②I’ve puzzled______this question for a while, and I’m still not sure what the right answer is. ③ Harry arranged his face into what he hoped was a ________ (puzzle) expression． ④ ________________ (令我不解的是)is how it all came about. in over puzzled What puzzles me [温馨提示] puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等状态类过去分词作形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。 Lead-in Words formation 3. charge 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 _________ 1. A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.（2022 全国） _________ 2. The noise shakes the trees as the male gorilla (大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me.（2018 全国改） _________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.   _________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone? _________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension (紧张气氛). (2014 重庆) 费用 冲 指控；控告 给……充电 充满…… Lead-in Words formation free of charge: 免费 charge (sb.) (+金额+) for sth.为……向……收费…… take charge of…: 某人负责；主管…… be in charge of…: 某人负责；主管……(主动) be in the charge of sb. v./n.收费，要价 get charged: 受指控 charge sb with…: 指控某人某事 v./n控告，指控 n. 掌管，负责 由……负责/主管(被动) accuse sb of(doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 用法总结 类似短语有: in possession of 意为“占有”，表示主动； [pəˈzeʃn] in the possession of 意 为“被……占有”，表示被动 in control of 意为“管理，控制”，表示主动； in the control of 意为“由……管理/控制”，表示被动 Lead-in Practice 几年前，迈克接管了该公司。 ①A few years ago Mike ______________ the company. ②A few years ago Mike was ___________ the company. ③ A few years ago the company was _______________ Mike. 完成句子 ①They wanted to charge $5,000 ____ the car, but we managed to bring the price down. ②(读后续写应用)The children _____________ the stairs in excitement, __________ what had happened. 孩子们激动地冲下了楼梯，想知道发生了什么事。 charged down wondering took charge of in charge of for in the charge of Lead-in Words formation 4. approach 搭配：(an) approach to 接近，近似；(做某事)的方法/途径 The students stopped talking and kept silence at the teacher’s approach. All approaches to the outside of the town were blocked. Perhaps there is a different approach to the problem. 1) n. 靠近；接近 2) n. 通道；道路 3) n. (处理……的) 方法；(达到……的) 途径 [温馨提示] 跟to搭配的常见名词还有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等 Lead-in Words formation 用法总结 approach v. n. approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物 approach the problem 处理问题 (an) approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法/途径 (means/method/way) at the approach of = with + n.+ approaching 随着……临近 approachable adj. 可接近的；友好的 Lead-in Practice ①随着春天的来临,花园里的花一夜之间焕发了生机。 ______________________, (as引导的状语从句） _______________________, (approach名词短语） _______________________, (with复合结构） As spring is approaching At the approach of spring With spring approaching ②我们听见一辆汽车驶近的声音。 We heard the sound of __________________.  ③当我走近时，他们变得沉默了。 When I _____________, they ________silent. a car approaching grew approached the flowers in the garden are coming to life overnight. Lead-in Words formation 5. amount 翻译 1. If you add all these amounts together you get a huge figure. ___________ 2. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 56 million. (2017 浙江) ___________ 达到 数目；数量 ⭐amount to用法： ①+数字：达到(某数量)；合计 ②相当于；等于；意味着 Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing. Lead-in Words formation a (large/huge) amount of 许多，大量的 +不可数n. A large amount of money _____ spent on the stadium. large/huge amounts of （单谓） （复谓） Large amounts of money _____ spent on the stadium. was were the amount of ……的数量 +不可数n. （单谓） The amount of money spent on it _____ 1 million. was Lead-in Words formation 用法总结 a (large/huge) number of 许多，大量的 +可数n. large/huge numbers of （复谓） the number of +可数n. （单谓） 只加不可数n. a great/good deal of, an amount of 即加可数n.又加不可数n. a large quantity of, a lot of, plenty of 只加可数n. a great/good many, a large/great number of, quite a few of +pl.+复谓; many a + cn.单数+单谓 ……的数量 Lead-in Practice 1.With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth _____ (be) being washed away each year. 2. There ____ (be) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games. 3. To my disappointment, a large amount of money ____________ (waste) so far. 4. A number of high buildings _________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 5. The total collection last week amounted ______ £ 250. is are has been wasted have arisen to Lead-in Key phrases If you go on working day and night, you will _________ sooner or later. A fire ____________in this hotel last night and three people were killed. With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to ___________ from the Union. In my opinion, marriage based on money is likely to _______. 1. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 break down (机器)出故障；垮掉 break in 插嘴；闯入 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 break up 打碎；(关系等)破裂 break through 取得突破；克服 break off 断开；停顿；中断 break out break down break away break up Lead-in Key phrases 短语拓展 break away 脱离；背叛；逃脱　 take away 消除，解除；带走，拿走　 give away 泄露，赠送 “V. ＋ away” 动词短语： break into 强行闯入；忽然开始 (大笑、唱歌、欢呼等) break into laughter break out (战争等)突然发生，爆发 break out laughing 与break有关的短语 Lead-in Key phrases 2. belong to 属于；是……的成员；应归入 If you plan on working out in a gym, your workout partner must belong to the same gym. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 注：belong to 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 ► belonging n. [U] 归属： Children need a sense of belonging. ► belongings n. [C] [复数] 所有物；财产；财物 (possessions)： Look after your personal belongings. Lead-in Practice Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future 　　　　 　　　　（属于）the well-educated. He was upset that the valuable watch _______ ______ ______ （属于他的）was lost yesterday. belongs to belonging to him Lead-in Key phrases They had castles built all around England... have sth. done 让某事被做 宾补 →对宾语的补充 ⭐用法： ①（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 I had/got the door painted last week. ②（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 We must have/got the work finished by Tuesday. ③（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 I had my leg broken when I got off the bus. 3. have … done Lead-in Key phrases ①have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 =get sb. to do sth. ②have sb./sth. doing 让某人一直在做某事/让某事一直发生 ③have sth. to do (主语) 要去做某事 ⭐区分： I had the bodyguard protect my wife. Don’t have the dog barking much! I have my dinner to cook. Lead-in Practice 单句语法填空 I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth _____ (fix)． I won’t have you ______ (make)the same mistake again and again. When his mother had him do his homework, he decided to have his light _______ (burn) all night to pretend he was working hard. I have a lot of readings ___________(complete) before the end of this term. fixed making burning to complete 02. Discovering useful structures The Past Participle as the Attributive & Object Complement Lead-in Observing The remarkable performance of the Chinese table tennis team made everyone excited. What is the past participle? Lead-in Observing What is the past participle? Ma Long known as the “Hexagon Warrior” is undoubtedly a talented and experienced athlete. Lead-in Observing Look at the past participles underlined, and discuss their functions. The remarkable performance of the Chinese table tennis team made everyone excited. Ma Long known as the “Hexagon Warrior” is undoubtedly a talented and experienced athlete. (前置定语) (后置定语) (宾语补足语) ⭐分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。 The Past Participle as the Attributive 过去分词作定语 Lead-in More examples the wall painted by a worker an injured athlete a painted wall a broken car What’s the function of the past participle？ 【总结】 及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。 Lead-in More examples What’s the function of the past participle？ fallen leaves the risen sun 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 Lead-in Conclusion Conclusion 1: 过去分词作_____ 过去分词可用来修饰_____(动词/名词)，作_____(表语/定语/宾补)，一般单个单词放所修饰词_____，分词短语放在所修饰词_____，表__________（及物动词）或完成（不及物动词）。 名词 定语 之前 之后 被动、完成 定语 Lead-in Conclusion a photo taken by a news reporter This is a photo _________ ______ taken by a news reporter after Fan Zhengdong won his gold medal. that/which Li Wenwen, a young athlete ______ ______ born in 2000, secured the fifth gold for the Chinese weightlifting team at this Olympics. (China Daily改） a young athlete born in 2000 who was was 【Conclusion2】 过去式分词短语做后置定语相当于定语从句 Lead-in Practice =The table tennis player _____ _____ ______ by many people is Sun Yingsha. The table tennis player______ _____ _____ _______ is Sun Yingsha. 这个被很多人喜爱的乒乓球运动员叫孙颖莎。 who loved is people loved by many Lead-in Practice 1. Shanghai, which located in the east of China, is famous for its advanced economy. →_________, _________________________ is famous for its advanced economy. 2. The athlete who was injured is now being taken good care of in the hospital. → ________________ is now being taken good care of in the hospital. Shanghai located in the east of China The athlete injured Lead-in Conclusion Conclusion 3: 单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的______。 后面 There is nothing changed since I left the town 2 years ago. Is there anything unsolved? Lead-in Conclusion Conclusion 4: 某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有： disappointed, moved, interested, surprised, shocked, puzzled, excited, frightened, worried, pleased等. e.g. From his excited look, I know he passed the examination. Lead-in Practice 1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ______ (spend) with his students. 2. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 3. There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 4. The witnesses __________(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. spent designed questioned excited The Past Participle as The Object Complement 过去分词作宾补 Lead-in Observing What is the object complement? 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词（如make等） + 直接宾语 (名词/代词) + 宾语补足语 They had castles built all around England. (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语) 宾语补足语一般放在宾语_____，对宾语起_______的作用。 之后 补充说明 Lead-in Observing Do you know when we can use the past participles as the object complements? I saw an old man knocked down by a car. I found many Chinese moved by the spirit of the Olympic Games. 1.表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：____动词 如：______________________________________ ________________ 等。 watch, observe, look at, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 感官 Lead-in Observing 2. 表示“使”“令”“让”等含有“致使”意义的动词，即：_____ 动词如：__________________________等。 make, get, have, help, leave 使役 Some young people had their hair cut like sports stars. We must get the work finished by Tuesday. Lead-in Observing Our parents always wish us treated nicely and warmly by others. He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting. 3.表示“意愿、命令或者希望”等意义的词，如：want, wish, like, order 等。 Lead-in Observing With water heated, we can see the steam. Our English teacher went in, with his hands crossed behind his back. 4.“with+宾语+过分做宾补”结构，在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 03. Practice Lead-in Practice 1. Find the object complements 1.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged. 2.We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 3.Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. Lead-in Practice 2. Fill in the banks with the given words’ proper forms 1. In the distance, I suddenly heard someone _________(scream) for help. 2. With my friend _______ (act) as my tourist guide, I am bound to have a pleasant journey. 3. Besides, money can be collected to have some buildings _______ (repair). 4. His gaining admission to Peking University made his parents very ________ (please). 5. During the renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those ____ (hold) in the middle ages . 6. As had been expected, the problem ________(refer) to at the meeting was tackled in a scientific way. screaming acting repaired pleased held referred Lead-in Practice 2. Fill in the banks with the given words’ proper forms 7.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________(hide) within the work. 8. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world. 9. It is amazing to see small children ____________ (appreciate) such abstract paintings. 10. I have collected the money ________ (need). 11. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 12. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. developed needed discussed surprised hidden appreciating Lead-in Practice 2. Fill in the banks with the given words’ proper forms 13. Hidden among the shelves was what appeared to be small, hand-knitted item, with a note _________(attach) to it. 14. It was Emperor Qin Shihuang who had the walls _____ (join) up. 15. Chairs, tables, shelves, animals, flowers and human figures________(carve) out of wood are common examples of this form of art. 16. The minor mistake _______(cause) by your carelessness is easy to deal with. 17. Remove nay clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric _______(stick) to the burnt skin. attached joined carved caused sticking Lead-in Practice 3. Rewrite the sentences with the past participles 1. Team China’s outstanding performance, which was highlighted by a record haul of 40 gold medals, the adorable nature of young athletes and their friendly exchanges with their foreign peers, was enshrined in the history of the Games in the French capital. (China Daily) 2. As the Olympic flag was passed to Los Angeles for the 2028 Games, preparations for the next Olympics have already begun. (China Daily) （用with 结构改写） With the Olympic flag passed to Los Angeles … Lead-in Practice 4. Translation 1. 考虑到你出色的写作技能，我真希望你能为我校英文报写一篇主题为我最喜爱的运动员的文章。 Considering your excellent writing skills, I do hope you can write an article themed My favorite athlete for our school’s English newspaper. 2. 让人印象最深刻的是被运动员们在竞技场上展现出来的体育精神。 What’s the most impressive is the sportsmanship displayed by athletes in the competition fields. Lead-in Summary 过去式分词在句中可作 _____、_________。 定语 宾语补足语 1.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面； 2.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 3.单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 4.用做表示人物的心理特征或感情变化的形容词 作用：表被动或完成 定语 宾补 1.感官动词 2.使役动词 3.表示“意愿、命令或希望”“意义的动词。 4.with的复合结构 Lead-in Assignment Search more information and write a passage to describe your favorite athlete using the past participle. Thank you for your listening Lavf58.20.100 $$