专题02 选择性必修第一册Unit 3～4 教材核心知识串讲（期中复习课件）高二英语上学期沪外版

高二英语期中考试复习 上外版2020 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3-4 ◆ 过去进行时的被动语态句 ◆ 过去完成时的被动语态 Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses 上外版选择性必修一 Unit 3 The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “_________________________”. The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past action. The verb form is “ ______________________”. was/were being done had been done Working out the rules 过去进行时被动语态 1 PART ONE Ahead of Japan's discharge of toxic water starting on Thursday, public fears and frustrations were being shared by its Asian neighbors, where many still bear strong resentment over Japan's World War II aggression. was/were being done 过去进行时被动语态 Look and learn 过去进行时的被动语态 否定主语+was/were + not + being + done 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+being+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were +(主语 +)being +done 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being + = (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 This film was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。 2. 进行时的被动语态可以由“was / were + under / on等介词+名词”结构代替。 Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year. = Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year. 许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。 He didn’ t stay in my room last night because it was under repair. = He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。 1. The reading room _____________ (clean) every day. 2. The man ______________ (attack)with a knife. 3. The tiger ______________ (feed) some nice meat at this time yesterday. 4. My car _____________________ (clean) by my son at ten yesterday morning. 5. The topic that I am fond of _______________________ (discuss) when I came in the classroom. 6. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). 7.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Practice is cleaned was attacked was being fed was being cleaned was being decorated was being discussed was told 过去完成时被动语态 2 PART TWO 过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 had been sent to hospital told 过去完成时被动语态 He told me that the injured man had been sent to hospital. 过去之前被…… 过去 Look and learn had been done I found the meal had been prepared. had been done I tried to answer， but our language had been lost and forgotten. 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn The construction of this railway was not an easy ride for those involved, as the building process had been dogged by many engineering challenges due to complex and often unfavorable geological conditions. had been done 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn In 2016, Xinhua Dictionary entered the Guinness World Records as the world's most popular dictionary and the most popular book. By the end of July 2015, about 567 million copies of the dictionary had been sold since its initial（最初的） release. had been done 过去完成时被动语态 Look and learn 过去完成时的被动语态 否定:主语+had+ not + been + done 一般疑问句:had+主语+been+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+(主语 +)been +done 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+had done 主+be+done 主语+ had+ been+done be+done→been + = (1)过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。 By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗? 用法1: 表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的被动动作，常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。 By the time we got there , all the tickets had been sold out. By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes. 将下列句子改为被动句 They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month. 用法2: 表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用 it was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了 He told us that he had done the reach for five years. He said that he had made great progress since he came here. He suddenly remember that he had left the key at home. 将下列句子改为被动句 常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought, 等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），表示这些动作之前就发生的被动动作。 Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than…+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚….就……, 一…….就……”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法4: Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。 It / This / That was the first / second / ... time + that从句，当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法5: It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖 Practice A new agreement (sign) by the time we got there. The professor was delighted to find that the project _________________ (finish) by the students independently. She returned home and found all the furniture______________ (ruin) by the flood. We __________(build)five new buildings by the end of last year. This polluted river ___________________ (clean). 6. Yesterday I returned the book that _____________________ (borrow) before. had been signed had been finished had been ruined has been cleaned had build had been borrowed 针对训练 B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who ______________ (injure) so recently. 2. The swimming pool _____________________________ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began. 3. He felt that his talents ___________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. had been injured had been cleaned/was cleaned were being wasted Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 4. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor. 5.Photos of the riders ___________________________(take) before they got on their horses. was being treated had been taken/were taken B Applying the rules Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1)_________________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) __________ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3)____________________ on had been placed were being carried had (been) trained make train blow place carry cheer Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to vunlunteer for this year's half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations (4)___________________________, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until make train blow place carry cheer had been made/were made Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)___________________ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6)________________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others. make train blow place carry cheer were being cheered was being blown ◆ 非限制性定语从句 ◆ 介词+关系代词用法 Non-attributive Clause 上外版选择性必修一 Unit 4 非限制性定语从句 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Laura is going to marry Mark, whom she is falling in love with. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is very beautiful. Dogs, which are friends of people, are becoming more and more popular. 非限定从的先行词多为专有名词或泛指类的词。 28 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切 （补充说明，删掉后不影响意思的表达） 不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开 可用关系代词that；可用who代替whom 不可用关系代词that；不用who代替whom 关系代词可省略 关系代词不可省略 读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只修饰先行词，不修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时 一定有逗号，只能由which 29 I have a daughter that is a teacher. 我有一个当老师的女儿。 I have a daughter, who is a teacher. 我有一个女儿，她是老师。 可能有多个女儿 就一个女儿 I have a friend who is a dancer. 30 （1）作用不同 限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍很完整。 His brother who lives in London will go to America next week. 他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。) His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week. 他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。) 31 （2）形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. The project, which lasted three years, cost 1 billion. （3）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 32 （4）关系词的使用情况有所不同 ①that不用于引导非限制性定语从句 ②关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 This is the boy I met at the theatre. A young man had a new girlfriend, he wanted to impress. ③关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 who/whom whom This is a good film I saw a few days ago. The summer holiday, we’re looking forward to, is drawing near. (which/that) which 33 （5）翻译不同 含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。 She has a brother who works in a hospital. 她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。 She has a brother，who works in a hospital. 她有一个哥哥，在医院工作。 34 as which 从句位置 主句之前、中、后 主句之后、中 先行词 整个句子 词、短语、句子 肯定句 肯定句、否定句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 35 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents. As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all. 36 关系代词who/whom/whose 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人、物 that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物 which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物 That，which用法 37 There are 50 ss in our class and half of wear glasses. There are 50 ss in our class, half of wear glasses. who指人，在从句中做主语也可以做宾语。 whom指人，在从句中做宾语。 介词后只能用whom，不能跟who them whom Half of whom做主语，whom做of宾语 38 whose表所属关系 Do you know Peter? His father is very rich. Do you know Peter whose father is very rich? He wants a room. Its window faces south. He wants a room whose window faces south. He wants a room the window of which faces south. whose既可指人，又可指物 他的，她的，它的 39 1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. 2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 4. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _________ has surprised us all. which as who which which 用适当的关系代词填空 40 介词+关系代词 （whom；which） 当介词用于关系代词前时: 关系代词指人,只能用 介词+whom 关系代词指物,只能用 介词+which 2. Whom 和 which 不能省略 The money is gone. 　You were to buy dog food with the money. 　 　The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone. The money with which you were to buy dog food　is gone. buy sth with (1).词组的搭配(看从句中的动词短语,和形容词短语搭配) 2．Have you met him? 　　Our teacher is talking about the tall man. Have you met the tall man (whom/who/that) our teacher is talking about? Have you met the tall man about whom our teacher is talking ? talk about sb Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. at the meeting Yesterday we had a meeting. we discussed many problems at the meeting. (2).据句意搭配 Air _______which we can’t live is really important. without 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The girl whom you work is Cathy. The farm which we worked ten years ago is beautiful. This is the tree which we used to play games. Care of soul is a gradual process which even small details of life should be considered. with on under during/in 根据从句选介词 1 根据从句选介词 47 The ease with which Tom cracked the complex was unbelievable. Tom cracked the complex sentence with ease. The ease was unbelievable. 根据先行词选介词 at the rate（ 以…的速度;按…的比率）; in the direction; to the extent（在…范围/限度内）; by the means; in practice; to the degree（到...的程度） 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 With ease 熟练的 首先要会划分句子，能把先行词找出来 48 找准先行词 将先行词还原至从句 选择合适的介词将从句与先行词连接 第二步，从句要找对，画准 第三步，固定短语搭配 49 He is the man you can depend. I wish to thank Professor Hu, help I would never have got this far. Have you found the book _______ I paid $10? Have you found the book _______ I spent $10? This is my pair of glasses, ___________ I cannot see clearly. on whom without whose for which on which without which 50 介词+关系代词中of的用法 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. The company, of which he was the chairman, has made a lot of money. We had a meeting the purpose of which was not clear. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. 介词+关系代词 51 of在定语从句中表所属关系或整体与部分的关系。 常见结构：不定代词/数量词/形容词比较或最高级+ of which/whom，表示数量或某种特点。 all, each, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, half, several… 介词+关系代词 最多情况下跟which/whom 52 固定搭配的介宾短语 He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built. 介词+关系代词 In which case=in this case, 先行词，指代前面一件事 In one’s honor 纪念某某人 53 定语从句中介词不可以提前的短语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如： This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。 This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。 如果介系词与动词或形容词组成固定词组时，介系词就不可以提前了，如： The old woman whom he is taking care of is my grandmother. 他正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。 介词+关系代词 54 介词+关系代词 凡是结构紧密含介词的短语动词，在定语从句中不能把介词提前到关系代词前，例如 look after, look for, take care of, be afraid of，等等。 1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. T F 55 另外：有些动词的固定短语是不可以将介词提前的: look after, take care of , look forward to, pay attention to, look into, break into… Conclusion: 根本方法：把先行词带入定语从句中，看是否缺介词，缺介词的话在关系代词前补上介词 —— 介词+关系代词 Fill in the blanks with proper words. 1. The teacher______ ______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu. 2. This is the house______ ______ Lu Xun once lived. 3. He will never forget the day __ ______ he came to Beijing. from whom in which on which learn from live in on the day 4. The reason _____ ______ I came here is that I want to get your help. 5. The West Lake, ____ ______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. for which for which for the reason be famous for whose+名词= of which/whom＋ the + 名词 the＋名词＋of which/whom 60 There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. = whose window 高考爱考！ 61 用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句 1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ____ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason _____ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way ___ which/ (that) my teacher taught me. 5. This is the hero ____ whom we are proud. on in for in of 62 6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter. 7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. 10. I would always like to do business with those people ___________ whom I can rely. with of with to on/ upon 63 $$