精品解析：湖南省名校联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题

百年世范 精准联考 2024级高一新生入学考试 英 语 试 卷 （满分100分，考试用时90分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级和考号填写在答题卡上； 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效； 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. How’s the weather today? A. Snowy. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 2. How often does Jack go to the library? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Every Saturday. 3. What does Jenny want to be? A. A singer. B. A teacher. C. An actress. 4. Whose dictionary is it? A. Kate’s. B. Henry’s. C. Kelly’s. 5. When did Gina start to do the part-time job? A. Three months ago. B. Half a year ago. C. One year ago. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第六段材料，回答第6、7小题。 6. How many pages has Jim read? A. 90. B. 120. C. 150. 7. Which book is Laura reading? A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. C. Little Women. 听第七段材料，回答第8、9小题。 8. How does John go to work these days? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 9. How far is it from John’s home to his company? A. About 600 meters. B. About 700 meters. C. About 800 meters. 听第八段材料，回答第10、11小题。 10. What does the boy do to save water? A. He takes short showers. B. He washes clothes by hand. C. He collects waste water. 11. How did the boy learn to save energy? A. By reading books. B. By watching a TV program. C. By surfing the Internet. 听第九段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. When did Mike come to Hunan? A. In 2021. B. In 2022. C. In 2023. 13. Which traditional Chinese festival does Mike like best? A. The Double Ninth Festival. B. The Dragon Boat Festival. C. The Spring Festival. 14 Why did Mike go to Yueyang last year? A. To meet a friend. B. To take part in a race. C. To watch a race. 听第十段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Saleswoman and customer. 16. What size does the man wear? A. Size S. B. Size M. C. Size L. 17. How much will the man pay for the trousers at last? A. $35. B. $45. C. $46. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至20小题。 18. What did Mr. Smith tell the students on the bus? A. The rules of the museum. B. The history of the museum. C. The activities of the museum. 19. Who guided them to visit the shows? A. An astronaut. B. Mr. Smith. C. A museum worker. 20. Where was the special activity? A. In Hall One. B. In Hall Three. C. In Hall Five. 第二部分 阅读技能（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games. Bowling It is an indoor game. The players take turns to roll a bowling ball towards 10 bowling pins (球瓶). Each player has two tries to knock down the pins. Points are scored according to the number of pins knocked down. Mini golf It is an outdoor game. There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. Each player has seven chances to hit the ball into each hole. The times of hitting will be recorded. That is the score. The person with the lowest score wins. Beach volleyball It is an outdoor game. The game is held on the sand. There are two players in each team. They stand on each side of the net. Who wins? Usually, the first team with 21 points wins the game. 1. Which sport is an indoor game? A. Bowling. B. Mini golf. C. Beach volleyball. 2 How many holes are there in a mini golf course? A. Eight. B. Eighteen. C. Twenty-one. 3. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A travel guide. B. A sports magazine. C. A science book. B Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症). Yang’s mother, Su Jing, got ALS in 2010 and she couldn’t do normal things easily. Because Yang’s father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020. Because of the disease, Yang’s mother needs help with almost everything. She needs to be carried up and down the stairs. She also has difficulty speaking. She can still type on her mobile phone, but most of the time, she chooses to communicate with her son in another way. “My mother and I use eye contact (接触) for most of our communication,” Yang says. “For example, when she wants to sleep, she uses her eyes to show that she is tired, and she turns her head towards the bedroom. And when she needs water, she will look at the water cup on the table.” For many things, Yang has to be very careful, including helping her mother bathe and use the toilet. Though the work is difficult, Yang enjoys all the time he spends with his mother. He accompanies (陪伴) her every time she exercises. To make it more fun, he often sings to her. Yang’s love for his mother has touched many people. But Yang says it’s only natural that he should take care of his mother. “My mother brought me up. I’m just doing what a son should do,” he says. 4. When did Yang start taking care of his mother? A. When his mother got ALS in 2010. B. When he was in college in 2020. C. After finishing college in 2020. 5. How does Yang communicate with his mother most of the time? A. By using eye contact. B. By writing on the paper. C. By typing on her mobile phone. 6. What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A. To show readers how to fight against ALS. B. To tell a story of a boy caring for his mother with ALS. C. To call on readers to care more about people with ALS. C People have long been dreaming of living on Mars one day. But Mars doesn’t have enough oxygen (氧气) for us to breathe! Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the “Machine Chemist” to find a way to make oxygen on Mars. Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy. As we know, Mars has a little bit of water, and scientists have found a way to use sunlight to get oxygen from the water. But here’s the difficult part: They needed a catalyst to speed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be expensive. That’s why the “Machine Chemist”, known as Xiao Lai, comes in. Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments. It has read over 50,000 scientific papers before it found the perfect method for the catalyst. Can you imagine how many combinations (组合) scientists had to try? More than 3.76 million! It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don’t worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks! The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space This discovery is a huge deal because it means we can make oxygen on Mars without bringing everything from Earth. 7. Who worked with the scientists to find a way to make oxygen on Mars? A. A team of astronauts. B. A robot called “Machine Chemist”. C. A group of engineers. 8. What does the underlined phrase speed up mean in Chinese? A. 阻止 B. 减缓 C. 加快 9. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The advantages of the robot Xiao Lai. B. The disadvantages of the robot Xiao Lai. C. The reason why scientists worked with the robot Xiao Lai. 10. Why are scientists excited about the breakthrough? A. Because it helps solve Earth’s pollution problems. B. Because it makes us travel faster to Mars. C. Because it opens up new chances for exploring space. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It’s a time to focus on the importance of good oral health. ___11___. Why is oral health important? It’s more than just about having a healthy mouth. Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌). ___12___. And our mouth affects our confidence, too. Problems like bad breath or misaligned (不整的) teeth can make us want to avoid socializing. What are some common oral problems faced by teenagers? ___13___. Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth. Then there’s periodontitis (牙周炎), known as gum disease (牙龈疾病). It often happens when you don’t take good care of your mouth and teeth. ___14___? It’s best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it’s best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes. Because it can hurt your gums. Brush your teeth two to three times a day. The most important time is in the evening when you brush your teeth before bed. Do I need to use dental floss (牙线) and mouth wash every day? For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough. ___15___. Mouthwash, on the other hand, shouldn’t be used for a long time. Generally, it has some disinfectant (消毒剂) in it. Using it for a long time will hurt the natural balance of bacteria in your mouth and lead to gum problems. A. If not, use dental floss daily. B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health. C How many times a day should I brush? D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well. E. Tooth decay is one oral problem. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On my weekly math exam, I made a big mistake. It turned subtraction (减法) into addition (加法), which cost me as much as seven points. Of course, my math teacher wasn’t ___16___. Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates! I know my math teacher is strict, but I never ___17___ that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my ___18___. After that class, I was asked to the office. “I ___19___ be called for more criticism,” I thought. But to my ___20___ again, he said: “Do you get to know your mistake now? Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident.” Next, he read both the question and the answer ___21___, then asked again whether I had any problems. I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply ___22___. He seemed so caring. My anger ___23___. But that wasn’t the end of the story. In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. They are especially ___24___ for me. He told me to finish them and take it seriously. In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets, for I once misunderstood him. I shall ____25____ him forever. 16. A. strict B. happy C. surprised 17. A. forgot B. expected C. meant 18. A. head B. back C. heart 19. A. should B. could C. must 20. A. joy B. surprise C. regret 21. A. confidently B. carefully C. successfully 22. A. touched B. hoped C. needed 23. A. gave away B. went away C. put away 24. A. checked B. managed C. designed 25. A. thank B. hate C. forget 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fried Chop Rice Cake, also called lǘ dǎ gǔn in Chinese, is one of the most popular ___26___ (snack) in Beijing. It is a kind of cake that ___27___ (taste) sweet, soft and delicious. Why do Chinese people call it lǘ dă gǔn? Does its name have anything to do with donkeys (驴)? It ___28___ (say) that in the Qing Dynasty, Queen Cixi was tired of having the same kind of food every day. So, one day, she ordered a cook ___29___ (cook) something different. It was really difficult for the cook because he didn’t know how to meet the needs of Cixi. After thinking ___30___ (careful), he made a new kind of cake by using rice powder (粉末) and red bean paste (馅). However, a boy came to the kitchen ___31___ he dropped the cake into powder by accident. The cook was very worried because it was too late to make ___32___ new one. He had to take the cake to Queen Cixi nervously. To his surprise, Cixi ___33___ (like) the cake very much. She asked the cook ___34___ the name of the cake. The cook had never thought about that. Suddenly, he thought of the name of the boy — “Xiao Lur”. So he said that its name was lǘ dǎ gǔn. Since then, lǘ dă gǔn has become more and more popular for ____35____ (it) special taste and funny name. Would you like to try it? 第四部分 综合技能（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或将划线部分译成英文或中文。 Have you ever heard of the “cleaning monk(和尚)” in the Summer Palace? He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video of his explanation became very popular on the Internet. “One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book. It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up to them and offered to help.” said Zhang Xu, “Besides cleaning, I also provide other services like giving directions, answering questions and offering explanations.” For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is special. As a child, he came here to play.张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。 Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace. Zhang Xu says that he doesn’t want to be an Internet celebrity (网红), but he wants to continue learning, working, and serving. He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture. 36. Is Zhang Xu really a monk? ____________________________________________________________ 37. Why has Zhang Xu become an expert at the Summer Palace? ____________________________________________________________ 38. What does he hope to become one day? ____________________________________________________________ 39. One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book.（英译汉） ____________________________________________________________ 40. 张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 第二节（共1小题，满分15分） 41. 初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验，请你根据以下提示，以“Ways to Lower Stress”为主题写一篇演讲稿。 要点提示： Ways to lower stress take up healthy hobbies develop good sleeping habits ... 1.词数80词左右（短文开头已给出，不计入词数）； 2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Dear classmates, Good morning, everyone! I’m glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 CACBB 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 BABCC 16-20 CABAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 百年世范 精准联考 2024级高一新生入学考试 英 语 试 卷 （满分100分，考试用时90分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级和考号填写在答题卡上； 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效； 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. How’s the weather today? A. Snowy. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 2. How often does Jack go to the library? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Every Saturday. 3. What does Jenny want to be? A. A singer. B. A teacher. C. An actress. 4. Whose dictionary is it? A. Kate’s. B. Henry’s. C. Kelly’s. 5. When did Gina start to do the part-time job? A. Three months ago. B. Half a year ago. C. One year ago. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第六段材料，回答第6、7小题。 6. How many pages has Jim read? A. 90. B. 120. C. 150. 7. Which book is Laura reading? A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. C. Little Women. 听第七段材料，回答第8、9小题。 8. How does John go to work these days? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 9. How far is it from John’s home to his company? A. About 600 meters. B. About 700 meters. C. About 800 meters. 听第八段材料，回答第10、11小题。 10. What does the boy do to save water? A. He takes short showers. B. He washes clothes by hand. C. He collects waste water. 11. How did the boy learn to save energy? A. By reading books. B. By watching a TV program. C. By surfing the Internet. 听第九段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. When did Mike come to Hunan? A. In 2021. B. In 2022. C. In 2023. 13 Which traditional Chinese festival does Mike like best? A. The Double Ninth Festival. B. The Dragon Boat Festival. C. The Spring Festival. 14. Why did Mike go to Yueyang last year? A. To meet a friend. B. To take part in a race. C. To watch a race. 听第十段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Saleswoman and customer. 16. What size does the man wear? A. Size S. B. Size M. C. Size L. 17. How much will the man pay for the trousers at last? A. $35. B. $45. C. $46. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至20小题。 18. What did Mr. Smith tell the students on the bus? A. The rules of the museum. B. The history of the museum. C. The activities of the museum. 19. Who guided them to visit the shows? A. An astronaut. B. Mr. Smith. C. A museum worker. 20. Where was the special activity? A. In Hall One. B. In Hall Three. C. In Hall Five. 第二部分 阅读技能（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games. Bowling It is an indoor game. The players take turns to roll a bowling ball towards 10 bowling pins (球瓶). Each player has two tries to knock down the pins. Points are scored according to the number of pins knocked down. Mini golf It is an outdoor game. There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. Each player has seven chances to hit the ball into each hole. The times of hitting will be recorded. That is the score. The person with the lowest score wins. Beach volleyball It is an outdoor game. The game is held on the sand. There are two players in each team. They stand on each side of the net. Who wins? Usually, the first team with 21 points wins the game. 1. Which sport is an indoor game? A. Bowling. B. Mini golf. C. Beach volleyball. 2. How many holes are there in a mini golf course? A. Eight. B. Eighteen. C. Twenty-one. 3. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A travel guide. B. A sports magazine. C. A science book. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是应用文。文章主要介绍了三种不同类型的球类运动（保龄球、迷你高尔夫和沙滩排球），每种运动的特点、玩法以及计分方式。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中第一段中的“It is an indoor game. (它是一项室内运动)”可知，保龄球是一项室内运动，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中第二段中的“There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. (在一个迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。)”可知，迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games. (运动对我们的健康有益。如今，球类运动深受许多年轻人的喜爱。这里有三种游戏类型。)”可知，这篇文章介绍三种球类运动，故本文来自于运动杂志。故选B。 B Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症). Yang’s mother, Su Jing, got ALS in 2010 and she couldn’t do normal things easily. Because Yang’s father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020. Because of the disease, Yang’s mother needs help with almost everything. She needs to be carried up and down the stairs. She also has difficulty speaking. She can still type on her mobile phone, but most of the time, she chooses to communicate with her son in another way. “My mother and I use eye contact (接触) for most of our communication,” Yang says. “For example, when she wants to sleep, she uses her eyes to show that she is tired, and she turns her head towards the bedroom. And when she needs water, she will look at the water cup on the table.” For many things, Yang has to be very careful, including helping her mother bathe and use the toilet. Though the work is difficult, Yang enjoys all the time he spends with his mother. He accompanies (陪伴) her every time she exercises. To make it more fun, he often sings to her. Yang’s love for his mother has touched many people. But Yang says it’s only natural that he should take care of his mother. “My mother brought me up. I’m just doing what a son should do,” he says. 4. When did Yang start taking care of his mother? A. When his mother got ALS in 2010. B. When he was in college in 2020. C. After finishing college in 2020. 5. How does Yang communicate with his mother most of the time? A. By using eye contact. B. By writing on the paper. C. By typing on her mobile phone. 6. What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A To show readers how to fight against ALS. B. To tell a story of a boy caring for his mother with ALS. C To call on readers to care more about people with ALS. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了杨志阳照顾患渐冻症母亲的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Because Yang’s father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020.”（因为父亲要长时间工作赚钱，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。）可知，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“My mother and I use eye contact for most of our communication”（我妈妈和我在大多数交流中都使用眼神交流）可知，杨和他的母亲大部分时间通过眼神交流。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症).”（杨志阳是一个23岁的男孩，来自陕西省宝鸡市。为了照顾患有渐冻症的母亲，他全职工作，成为了年轻人的榜样。）可知，短文的目的是讲述一个男孩照顾患有渐冻症的母亲的故事。故选B项。 C People have long been dreaming of living on Mars one day. But Mars doesn’t have enough oxygen (氧气) for us to breathe! Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the “Machine Chemist” to find a way to make oxygen on Mars. Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy. As we know, Mars has a little bit of water, and scientists have found a way to use sunlight to get oxygen from the water. But here’s the difficult part: They needed a catalyst to speed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be expensive. That’s why the “Machine Chemist”, known as Xiao Lai, comes in. Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments. It has read over 50,000 scientific papers before it found the perfect method for the catalyst. Can you imagine how many combinations (组合) scientists had to try? More than 3.76 million! It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don’t worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks! The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space. This discovery is a huge deal because it means we can make oxygen on Mars without bringing everything from Earth. 7 Who worked with the scientists to find a way to make oxygen on Mars? A. A team of astronauts. B. A robot called “Machine Chemist”. C. A group of engineers. 8. What does the underlined phrase speed up mean in Chinese? A. 阻止 B. 减缓 C. 加快 9. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The advantages of the robot Xiao Lai. B. The disadvantages of the robot Xiao Lai. C. The reason why scientists worked with the robot Xiao Lai. 10. Why are scientists excited about the breakthrough? A. Because it helps solve Earth’s pollution problems. B. Because it makes us travel faster to Mars. C. Because it opens up new chances for exploring space. 【答案】7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述“机器化学家小来” 帮助科学家一起发现了一种催化剂，可以帮助在火星上用更少的能量更快地制造氧气。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the “Machine Chemist” to find a way to make oxygen on Mars.(幸运的是，一些来自中国的聪明科学家与一个名为“机器化学家”的机器人合作，找到了在火星上制造氧气的方法)”可知，“机器化学家”和科学家们一起寻找在火星上制作氧气的方法，故选B。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy.(他们一起发现了一种催化剂，可以帮助用更少的能量更快地制造氧气)”可知，催化剂可以帮助更快地制造氧气，由此推知划线词所在句意为“但困难的是：他们需要一种催化剂来加快这一过程，而将催化剂从地球带到火星将是昂贵的”，speed up意为“加快”，故选C。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合“Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments.(小来很聪明，会学习，会思考，会做实验)”以及“It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don’t worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks!(人类要花几千年的时间才能把它们全部测试出来，但不用担心——小来只用了6周就完成了这项工作)”可知，本段主要讲化学机器人的优势，故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space.(科学家们对这一重大进展感到兴奋，因为它为探索太空开辟了新的机会)”可知，科学家们感到兴奋是因为这一突破打开了新的探索太空的可能性，故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It’s a time to focus on the importance of good oral health. ___11___. Why is oral health important? It’s more than just about having a healthy mouth. Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌). ___12___. And our mouth affects our confidence, too. Problems like bad breath or misaligned (不整的) teeth can make us want to avoid socializing. What are some common oral problems faced by teenagers? ___13___. Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth. Then there’s periodontitis (牙周炎), known as gum disease (牙龈疾病). It often happens when you don’t take good care of your mouth and teeth. ___14___? It’s best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it’s best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes. Because it can hurt your gums. Brush your teeth two to three times a day. The most important time is in the evening when you brush your teeth before bed. Do I need to use dental floss (牙线) and mouth wash every day? For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough. ___15___. Mouthwash, on the other hand, shouldn’t be used for a long time. Generally, it has some disinfectant (消毒剂) in it. Using it for a long time will hurt the natural balance of bacteria in your mouth and lead to gum problems. A. If not, use dental floss daily. B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health. C. How many times a day should I brush? D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well. E. Tooth decay is one oral problem. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. E 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一位牙医，和我们分享一些口腔健康的提示。 【详解】【小题1详解】根据上文“March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It’s a time to focus on the importance of good oral health.”（3月20日是世界口腔卫生日。这是一个关注良好口腔健康重要性的时刻。）可知，选项承上启下，说明关于口腔健康的一些提示。故B选项“青少年采访了一位牙医，和我们分享一些口腔健康的提示”切题。tips呼应下文的标题。故选B项。 【小题2详解】根据上文“Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌).”（我们的口腔是食物进入的第一个地方，它有细菌。可知，上文提到“嘴里有细菌”，接下来应该提到保持口腔清洁的重要性。故D选项“保持我们的口腔清洁和健康，有助于我们的胃正常工作”切题。故选D项。 【小题3详解】根据下文“Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth.”（它的症状是牙齿长黑斑，或者吃热的或冷的食物时牙齿疼痛。蛀牙会损害牙神经，影响牙齿的寿命。）可知，本段在讨论常见的青少年的口腔问题，E句“龋齿是一种口腔问题”切题。故选E项。 【小题4详解】根据下文“It’s best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it’s best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes.”（每次刷牙的时间最好是三到五分钟。但是刷牙最好不要超过5分钟。）可知，本段主要在说“你应该一天刷几次牙？”的问题。故C选项“你应该一天刷几次牙？”切题，为本段的标题。故选C项。 【小题5详解】根据上文“For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough.”（至于牙线，要看情况。如果你的牙齿很直，牙缝很少，每周用牙线清洁一次就足够了。）可知，选项承接上文说明相反的情况，牙线的使用频率。故A选项“如果没有，就要每天使用牙线”切题。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On my weekly math exam, I made a big mistake. It turned subtraction (减法) into addition (加法), which cost me as much as seven points. Of course, my math teacher wasn’t ___16___. Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates! I know my math teacher is strict, but I never ___17___ that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my ___18___. After that class, I was asked to the office. “I ___19___ be called for more criticism,” I thought. But to my ___20___ again, he said: “Do you get to know your mistake now? Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident.” Next, he read both the question and the answer ___21___, then asked again whether I had any problems. I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply ___22___. He seemed so caring. My anger ___23___. But that wasn’t the end of the story. In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. They are especially ___24___ for me. He told me to finish them and take it seriously. In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets, for I once misunderstood him. I shall ____25____ him forever. 16. A. strict B. happy C. surprised 17. A. forgot B. expected C. meant 18. A. head B. back C. heart 19. A. should B. could C. must 20. A. joy B. surprise C. regret 21. A. confidently B. carefully C. successfully 22. A. touched B. hoped C. needed 23. A. gave away B. went away C. put away 24. A. checked B. managed C. designed 25. A. thank B. hate C. forget 【答案】16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。文章通过叙述作者在一次数学考试中犯下错误并受到老师批评的经历，以及随后老师对作者的关心和帮助，展现了师生之间的情感交流和成长过程。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，我的数学老师不高兴。A. strict严格的；B. happy高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates!”可知，老师批评了作者，所以老师不高兴。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我的数学老师很严格，但我从未想过有一天我会因为一个小错误而受到批评。A. forgot忘记；B. expected期待；C. meant意味着。根据下文“that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake”可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：愤怒和困惑从我心里升起。A. head头；B. back背；C. heart心。根据上文“I know my math teacher is strict, but I never ____ that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my”可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，所以愤怒和困惑是作者内心的感受。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我想：“我肯定会受到更多的批评。”A. should应该；B. could可能；C. must必须，肯定。根据上文“I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 2 that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake.”和“After that class, I was asked to the office.”可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，下课后，作者被叫到办公室，所以作者认为自己肯定会受到老师更多的批评。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但让我再次惊讶的是，他说：“你现在知道你的错误了吗？”A. joy快乐；B. surprise惊讶；C. regret后悔。根据下文“again, he said: “Do you get to know your mistake now? Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident.””可知，作者本以为会受到更多的批评，但老师却开始询问他是否知道错误，所以作者感到惊讶。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来，他认真地读了问题和答案，然后再次问我是否有任何问题。A. confidently自信地；B. carefully仔细地；C. successfully成功地。根据上文“Next, he read both the question and the answer”和下文“then asked again whether I had any problems”可知，老师为了弄清楚作者的问题，所以认真地读了问题和答案。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我深深地感受到他是如此善良，以至于我深受感动。A. touched感动；B. hoped希望；C. needed需要。根据上文“I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply”可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以深受感动。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的愤怒消失了。A. gave away赠送；B. went away离开；C. put away放好。根据上文“I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply ____ . He seemed so caring.”可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以愤怒消失了。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是专门为我设计的。A. checked检查；B. managed管理；C. designed设计。根据上文“In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. They are especially”可知，老师给作者的试卷是专门为他设计的。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远都会感谢他。A. thank感谢；B. hate憎恨；C. forget忘记。根据上文“In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets”可知，作者对老师只有感谢和遗憾，作者永远都会感谢这位老师。故选 A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fried Chop Rice Cake, also called lǘ dǎ gǔn in Chinese, is one of the most popular ___26___ (snack) in Beijing. It is a kind of cake that ___27___ (taste) sweet, soft and delicious. Why do Chinese people call it lǘ dă gǔn? Does its name have anything to do with donkeys (驴)? It ___28___ (say) that in the Qing Dynasty, Queen Cixi was tired of having the same kind of food every day. So, one day, she ordered a cook ___29___ (cook) something different. It was really difficult for the cook because he didn’t know how to meet the needs of Cixi. After thinking ___30___ (careful), he made a new kind of cake by using rice powder (粉末) and red bean paste (馅). However, a boy came to the kitchen ___31___ he dropped the cake into powder by accident. The cook was very worried because it was too late to make ___32___ new one. He had to take the cake to Queen Cixi nervously. To his surprise, Cixi ___33___ (like) the cake very much. She asked the cook ___34___ the name of the cake. The cook had never thought about that. Suddenly, he thought of the name of the boy — “Xiao Lur”. So he said that its name was lǘ dǎ gǔn. Since then, lǘ dă gǔn has become more and more popular for ____35____ (it) special taste and funny name. Would you like to try it? 【答案】26. snacks 27. tastes 28. is said 29. to cook 30. carefully 31. and 32. a 33. liked 34. about 35. its 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。文章讲述了一个关于驴打滚（一种北京小吃）的起源和故事。 【26题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：驴打滚是北京最受欢迎的小吃之一。one of后接名词复数形式，表示“最……的之一”，snack“小吃”的复数是snacks。故填snacks。 【27题详解】 考查时态。句意：它是一种尝起来香甜、柔软且美味可口的糕点。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，that引导定语从句，指代先行词a kind of cake，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，taste表示“尝起来”，为感官动词，用主动表被动。故填tastes。 【28题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：据说在清朝，慈禧太后厌倦了每天吃同样的食物。It is said that...是固定句型，意为“据说……”，其中It为形式主语，与say“说”为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，用is said。故填is said。 【29题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她命令厨师做一些不同的东西。order sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“命令某人做某事”，所以此处用动词cook“烹饪，烹调”的不定式to cook，作宾补。故填to cook。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：他仔细想了想后，用米粉和红豆沙做了一种新的糕点。本空用副词carefully“仔细地”，修饰动词thinking，作状语。故填carefully。 【31题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，一个男孩来到厨房，他不小心把蛋糕掉进了粉末里。前后两句是承接关系，所以此处用连词and连接。故填and。 【32题详解】 考查冠词。句意：厨师非常担心，因为再做一个新的已经太晚了。此处泛指“一个新的”，且new以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【33题详解】 考查时态。句意：令他惊讶的是，慈禧太后非常喜欢这个蛋糕。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用like“喜欢”的过去式。故填liked。 【34题详解】 考查介词。句意：她问厨师这个蛋糕的名字。ask sb. about sth.是固定短语，意为“向某人询问某事”。故填about。 【35题详解】 考查代词。句意：从那时起，驴打滚因其特殊的味道和有趣的名字而越来越受欢迎。taste和name是名词，本空用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，作定语。故填its。 第四部分 综合技能（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或将划线部分译成英文或中文。 Have you ever heard of the “cleaning monk(和尚)” in the Summer Palace? He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video of his explanation became very popular on the Internet. “One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book. It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up to them and offered to help.” said Zhang Xu, “Besides cleaning, I also provide other services like giving directions, answering questions and offering explanations.” For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is special. As a child, he came here to play.张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。 Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace. Zhang Xu says that he doesn’t want to be an Internet celebrity (网红), but he wants to continue learning, working, and serving. He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture. 36. Is Zhang Xu really a monk? ____________________________________________________________ 37. Why has Zhang Xu become an expert at the Summer Palace? ____________________________________________________________ 38. What does he hope to become one day? ____________________________________________________________ 39. One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book.（英译汉） ____________________________________________________________ 40. 张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】36. No./ No, he isn’t. 37. Because he likes to read different books and search for information online. 38. A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator. 39. 一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。 40. Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了颐和园“扫地僧”张旭的工作和愿望。 【36题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第二段“He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace.”（他叫张旭，是个清洁工，对颐和园的古建筑非常熟悉。）可知，张旭是清洁工不是和尚。故回答为：No./ No, he isn’t. 【37题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第三段“Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace.”（因为他喜欢阅读不同的书籍和在网上搜索信息，他已经成为了颐和园的专家。）可知，他喜欢读不同的书和在网上搜索信息使得他成为颐和园的专家。故回答为：Because he likes to read different books and search for information online. 【38题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture.”（他希望有一天能成为一名专业解说员，让更多的人爱上颐和园，了解中国文化。）可知，他希望成为一名专业解说员。故回答为：A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator. 【39题详解】 考查时态和动词。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，从句叙述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。clean up为“打扫”的意思。主句为一般过去时，为see sb doin sth为“看到某人正在做某事”，reading a book为“读书”。故翻译为：一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。 【40题详解】 考查时态。陈述过去的动作为一般过去时。“开始做某事”为start/begin to do或者start/begin doing sth。“工作”为work；“在颐和园”为at the Summer Palace；“在2021年”为in 2021，作状语。故翻译为：Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021. 第二节（共1小题，满分15分） 41. 初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验，请你根据以下提示，以“Ways to Lower Stress”为主题写一篇演讲稿。 要点提示： Ways to lower stress take up healthy hobbies develop good sleeping habits ... 1.词数80词左右（短文的开头已给出，不计入词数）； 2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Dear classmates, Good morning, everyone! I’m glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear classmates, Good morning, everyone! I’m glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress. First of all, it’s a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies. It’s a good way to make us relaxed. What’s more, we are supposed to develop good sleeping habits. It gives us enough energy to finish all kinds of tasks during the day. Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot. It is healthy for our body and mind. All in all, we should deal with stress wisely, bravely and actively. I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you! That’s all. Thank you for your listening. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，考生所在班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请考生在班会上分享经验，要求考生按照要求以“减轻压力的方法”为主题写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → happy 建议：advice → proposal 首先：first of all→ to begin with 总而言之：all in all→ in conclusion 2.句式拓展 简单句变强调句 原句：What’s more, we are supposed to develop good sleeping habits. 拓展句：What’s more, it is good sleeping habits that we are supposed to develop. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, it’s a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies.（运用了it作形式主语、不定式to take up作真正的主语） 【高分句型2】Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot.（运用了动名词taking作主语） 1-5 CACBB 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 BABCC 16-20 CABAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $