Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

新教材·英语　选择性必修·第二册[译林版] Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Artificial intelligence: friendly or frightening? 人工智能：是敌是友？ Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. 想象一下，某天早上你醒来，可以选择继续躺在床上，按下一个按钮，就能召来一个机器人为你处理所有的工作。 How cool that would be! 那该有多酷啊！ It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这听起来可能像是在建空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能(AI)目前的发展速度，将来这样的梦想也许真的可以实现。 词句自测 ①castle n. 城堡 ②(build)_castles_in_the_air (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 ③介词短语given the rate后为at which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rate。 At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. 从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，其目标是研发智能机器。 One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. 人工智能的基本目标之一，是开发能够学习过往经验、适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。 词句自测 ④input n. 输入的信息；投入 vt. 输入(信息) ⑤to develop computer intelligence动词不定式作表语，capable of为形容词短语作intelligence的后置定语。 To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”， which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions. 为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的人工智能的方法，其中包括“深度学习”，这种方法可以让机器通过学习自己先前的行为结果，来提升自身性能。 Deep­learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. 深度学习人工智能拥有从多个层次分析海量信息的能力，模拟人脑的复杂网络结构。 词句自测 ⑥capacity n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 ⑦analyse vt. 分析 ⑧massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 ⑨network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络 ⑩to analyse massive amounts动词不定式短语作the capacity的后置定语，imitating现在分词短语作状语。 The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality. 人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，而20世纪40年代以来，计算机的发展终于让这个梦想成为现实。 Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined in the mid­1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science. “人工智能”这个词是在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的，而在好几年前，这一理论就被计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵探索过。 However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. 然而在很长一段时间里，人工智能技术发展得相当缓慢。 词句自测 ⑪coin vt. 创造(新词语) A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess－playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. 1997年，人工智能发展有了一个重大突破，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。 Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep－learning AI systems. 之后在 2017年，一个叫阿尔法围棋的计算机程序打败了可谓人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这体现了深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。 词句自测 ⑫breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破　adj. 突破性的 ⑬named动词过去分词作a computer program的后置定语。 Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经应用于许多领域：金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等，不一而足。 From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. 从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑，人工智能有着不计其数的应用。 Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces. 普通人现在能够使用人工智能获取外语文本的即时翻译，机器也已经能够识别人们的指纹甚至面容。 词句自测 ⑭finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金 ⑮to_name_but_a_few 略举几例 ⑯autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 ⑰domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。 It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. 显然，我们正处于历史的转折点。 With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. 有了阿尔法围棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。 The question is, where will all this lead? 问题在于，这一切将会导致什么？ 词句自测 ⑱we live是修饰the way的定语从句，省略了关系词that/in which。 While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. 尽管人工智能的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。 Could machines really develop human­like intelligence? 机器真的能够发展出像人类一样的智能吗？ And what would happen if they did? Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans? 如果真的可以，又会发生什么？能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁人类的生存？ 词句自测 ⑲threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 ⑳while引导让步状语从句，where引导定语从句，修饰future。 How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? 如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚？ As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能的进步所带来的危险。 Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” 例如，斯蒂芬·霍金就曾警告说：“完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。” 词句自测 commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间)　vi. 全心全意投入，忠于 crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 murder vt.& n. 谋杀，凶杀 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策　n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询　vi. 摆好姿势　n. 姿势 Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. 显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。 We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. 我们需要确保自己不会沦为人工智能的受害者。 We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for! 我们可能还是会认为，可以整天放松，让自动化机器为我们完成所有工作，这样的生活很美妙——但也许我们不该太过贪婪，而应对我们的期待保持谨慎！ 词句自测 apparently adv. 显然，可见 warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求　n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 fall_victim_to 受伤，受损，被害 greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的 it would be是think的宾语从句，what we wish for是be careful的宾语从句。 1 It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true.(教材P44) 也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。 剖析 given prep. “鉴于，考虑到(相当于considering或in view of)；如果有(机会等)”。 归纳 拓展 given＋that从句鉴于/考虑到……(常在句中作状语) seeing (that) ... 鉴于/考虑到…… provided/providing (that) ... 如果/假设……，在……条件下 suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定/假设…… ①Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。 ②Given his support, I think we'll win the election. 如果有他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。 ③Usually, I am sensible with money, given that something unexpected might happen. 考虑到可能会发生一些意外，我花钱通常是很明智的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals. ②Given ________ the house is not in perfect condition, it's still a great bargain! 答案：①Considering　②that (2)单句表达 考虑到她的年纪，她已经做得相当不错了。 __________________， she has done quite well. 答案：Given her age 2 breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破　adj. 突破性的(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①With medical breakthroughs, the majority of the people are living a healthier and longer life. 随着医学的突破，大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。 ②The landing of the Tianwen 1 spacecraft on Mars marks another major breakthrough in the development of China's space industry. 天问一号探测器着陆火星标志着中国航天事业的发展取得又一重大突破。 名师点津　breakthrough是由break through转化而来的合成名词。 v．＋adv.→n.(由动词短语转化而来的合成名词) 类似的还有： break down 出故障→breakdown n. 故障 break out 爆发→outbreak n. 爆发 put out 生产，输出→output n. 产量，输出信息 come in 进来→income n. 收入 come out 出现；结果是→outcome n. 结果，后果 (1)单句语法填空 ①The good news that we have made a breakthrough ________ oil exploration cheers us up. ②I want to be a scientist to discover ________ scientific breakthrough to save people's lives. 答案：①in　②a (2)单句表达 此后不久，珀金在科学上取得了突破，这为他带来了名誉和财富。 Not long after that, Perkin ______________________________ that would bring him both fame and fortune. 答案：made the scientific breakthrough 3 It is clear that we are at a turning point in history.(教材P45) 显然，我们正处于历史的转折点。 剖析 it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 归纳 拓展 ①It was obvious that she was unhappy, because I had promised to go and see the film with her. 她显然不高兴，因为我之前已经答应和她一起去看电影。 ②It is said that about 20% of 2534­year­olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. 据说，25～34岁的人与父母住在一起的比例约为20%，而1991年这一比例为16%。 ③It happened that she was out when we called. 我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。 ④It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash. 在飞机失事中他幸免于难，真是奇迹。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ is a pity that you've missed such a good chance. ②It is obvious ________ students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. 答案：①It　②that (2)单句表达 有必要知道中国的餐桌礼仪。 ______________________ you should know about table manners of China. 答案：It's necessary that 4 threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease. 如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量可能会减少。 ②At their worst, they may threaten to take their children out of college, or cut off funds. 最糟糕的情况是，他们可能会威胁子女退学或切断他们的资金来源。 ③They were under threat of a lawsuit. 他们面临被起诉的威胁。 ④This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry. 这可能会对煤炭产业的就业构成威胁。 名师点津　threat后跟of表明威胁的本质，如：a threat of violence (暴力威胁)； threat后跟to则表明有可能受到威胁的人或事，如：a threat to the children/shipping (对孩子/海运的威胁)。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The program is ________ threat of closure due to lack of funding. ②Public worries about accidents are ________ (threaten) the very existence of the nuclear power industry. 答案：①under　②threatening (2)单句表达 他不会在决赛中对这位西班牙运动员构成威胁。 He is unlikely ____________________ the Spanish player in the final. 答案：to pose/be a threat to 5 commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间)　vi. 全心全意投入，忠于(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 然而，我们不能犯仅从一个角度分析进展的错误。 ②I have committed myself to sitting on two committees. 我已承诺担任两个委员会的委员。 ③Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. 位于道格拉斯顶楼的健康中心致力于身体、精神和社会健康问题。 ④If you are serious about our friendship, you should make a commitment. 如果你对我们的友谊很认真，你应该做出承诺。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He was a good man who was ________ (commit) to his family as well as to his work. ②On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to ________ (go) with you. 答案：①committed　②going (2)单句表达 我参观的学校有经验丰富的员工，他们致力于给孩子们营造一个充满关爱和激励的学习环境。 The schools that I visit are full of experienced staff __________________ our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. 答案：committed to giving 6 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策　n. 冲动，强烈的欲望(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 ①We need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation. 我们在敦促国会加强农田保护时需要广泛的支持。 ②She could hear him urging her on as she ran past. 她跑过他面前时，听到他在为她加油。 ③The teacher urged that we should read as many books in English as possible. 老师督促我们尽可能多读英文书。 ④Because of all this extra there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately. 因为所有这些额外的工作，我没有紧迫感立即做我的学校作业。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is strongly urged that the library ________ (keep) open during the vacation. ②The manager urged his staff ________ greater efforts. ③We urged them ________ (sort) out the problem sooner rather than later. 答案：①(should) be kept　②on　③to sort (2)一句多译 我收到莫伊拉的一封短信，一定要我保持联系。 I got a note from Moira urging me ____________ in touch. ＝I got a note from Moira urging me that ________________ in touch. 答案：to get; we (should) get 7 pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询　vi. 摆好姿势　n. 姿势(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He was the first to pose an alternative concept of the world. 他是第一个提出另一种世界观的人。 ②The group was well posed for the photograph. 这群人为拍照摆好了姿势。 ③In the early stages of practice, stay in the pose for three minutes. 在最初的练习阶段，保持这个姿势3分钟。 (1)单句语法填空 ①His concern for the poor is ________ mere pose. ②She was employed by the art school to pose ________ student artists. 答案：①a　②for (2)单句表达 这个故事产生了一个有趣的问题：为什么有的人到生命的尽头都能发现新的活力和创造力，而有的人却在很久以前就自暴自弃？ The story __________________________： why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? 答案：poses an interesting question 8 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求　n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①She demanded to be told everything in detail about it. 她强烈要求知道整件事情的详细经过。 ②The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised. 工人们要求提高他们的工资。 ③He has promised to repay the loan at any time on demand. 他答应任何时候一经要求立即归还贷款。 ④More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 更多的风力发电站将会涌现，以满足对清洁能源的需求。 名师点津　(1)demand不构成demand sb to do sth结构，类似的还有动词hope, agree。 He demanded me to leave.(×) He demanded that I (should) leave.(√) 他要求我离开。 (2)demand后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即(should) do。有此用法的动词主要有： 一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 四建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend 五要求：request, require, demand, desire, urge (1)单句语法填空 ①His new job makes a lot of demands ________ him. ②Like running, race walking is physically ________ (demand), she says. 答案：①on　②demanding (2)单句表达 她要求他立刻归还从她那里借的书。 She ____________________________ the books he borrowed from her. 答案：demanded that he (should) return 9 recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①It's a new country, hoping for diplomatic recognition from the international community. 这是一个新的国家，希望得到国际社会的外交承认。 ②The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last time. 自从上次离开这里后，这个小镇变得我认不出来。 ③Lawrence's novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius. 劳伦斯的小说终于被认为是天才之作。 (1)单句语法填空 ①China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. ②The teenager was brave enough to save the woman's life and recognized ________ a hero. ③I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond ________ (recognize)． 答案：①recognizing　②as　③recognition (2)单句表达 人们公认环境污染已经成为一个最严重的问题。 ________________________ environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems. 答案：It is recognized that 10 alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的；非传统的(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 ①New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers. 治疗关节炎的新方法可能有提供止痛药之外的另一种选择。 ②Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择，只能勇敢地面对失败，并从中学习。 ③For us, there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution. 对我们来说，除了立即采取行动阻止污染，没有其他选择。 名师点津　(1)the alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表示同位关系。 (2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式： do nothing but do sth have nothing to do but do sth have no choice but to do sth can not choose but do sth (1)单句语法填空 ①You have the alternative of ________ (marry) or remaining a bachelor. ②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to ________ (communicate) with others. 答案：①marrying　②communicating (2)单句表达 除了向警方举报他，我别无选择。 I __________________________________ him to the police. 答案：had no alternative/choice but to report 11 break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house. 当时附近可能没有人看见他试图闯进那所房子。 ②Stallone wants to break away from his action­hero image. 史泰龙想要摆脱动作明星的形象。 ③Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。 ④Jones' idea has been fully realized—the“HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. 琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，这种“开心聊天”长椅有助于打破人们不打招呼的无形社会障碍。 易混辨析：break into/break in break into 是及物动词短语，into是介词，后面接宾语。 break in 是不及物动词短语，in是副词，后面不接宾语。 单句表达 ①在这种情况下，人们纷纷呼吁拆分这两家科技巨头。 Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be ____________． ②战争爆发时她的朋友们来帮助她。 Her friends came to help her when the war __________________． ③她一走出视线就突然开始跑。 The moment she was out of sight she ____________________ a run. 答案：①broken up　②broke out　③broke into Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The journalist ________ (分析) the fact and drew an amazing conclusion. 答案：analysed 2．Some intense activities may ________ (危及) the health of the ankle. 答案：threaten 3．He suffered a ________ (非常严重的) heart attack. 答案：massive 4．The activity is ________ (提供资金) by the sponsor. 答案：financed 5．All of his fellows ________ (催促) by the task have already taken action. 答案：urged 6．They demonstrated their b________ in the design of the spacecraft at the conference. 答案：breakthrough 7．The v________ in the disaster have been ranked according to their wounds to be given medical care. 答案：victims 8．It's d________ by the court that the insurance should pay for the loss of the farmers. 答案：demanded 9．The polluted water to be poured into the Pacific by that country will p________ a threat to the world, which can even affect creatures' genes. 答案：pose 10．I had no a________ but to throw in the towel. 答案：alternative Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．With ________ (finance) situation becoming better, more and more companies are participating in the investment in the basic constructions. 答案：financial 2．The tailor was threatened ________ (make) invisible clothes for the emperor. 答案：to make 3．The manager urged his staff ________ (take)some measures to control the downward trend of sales. 答案：to take 4．The number of the customers in the supermarket rose ________ (apparent) after the news of discount was broadcast. 答案：apparently 5．They have issued a warning ________ the infection in that small clinic. 答案：against 6．The doctor demanded that the nurse ________ (examine) the pulse of the patient immediately. 答案：(should) examine 7．You should adjust your diet and shouldn't be so ________ (greed) for the food full of fat for the sake of your health. 答案：greedy 8．Lying in bed and covered with bandages, she was beyond her friends' ________ (recognize)． 答案：recognition 9．A thinking person must commit himself to ________ (work) for his faith. 答案：working 10．The ________ (murder) was arrested for committing a crime. 答案：murderer Ⅲ.单句表达 1．所设活动项目包括壁球、射箭、游泳等等，不一而足。 Activities available include squash, archery and swimming, __________________. 答案：to name but a few 2．你是这种常见压力的受害者吗？ Do you ________________ this common source of stress? 答案：fall victim to 3．这家公司尝试去打入美国市场。 This company made an attempt ______________ the American market. 答案：to break into 4．作为一个残疾人，他非常感激他们对待残疾人的方式。 As a person with disability, he was very grateful for __________________ they treated the disabled. 答案：the way that/in which 5．鉴于他们装备了最先进的设备这一事实，赢得游戏对他们来说是小菜一碟。 ______________________ they are equipped with the most advanced devices, winning the game is a piece of cake for them. 答案：Given the fact that 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 Garbage trucks pick up rubbish and take it to dumps. Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger. The dumps are getting full. Now, we know that some things people throw away can be 1 . Recycling trucks come to many homes to 2 these recyclables. Some people sort their 3 into two separate boxes. This is called two­stream recycling. One box 4 paper products, and one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials. Other people use single­stream recycling. They do not sort their recyclables into 5 boxes. The recycling trucks collect the recyclables that people throw away and 6 the materials to recycling centers. In some places, workers sort the materials by hand, 7 many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables. New technology has made recycling centers more 8 . Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans. The cans are crushed and 9 to companies that reuse the metal, Other 10 crush paper and tie it together. Paper companies buy these things to make fresh paper. Recycling is 11 for many reasons. If we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up so 12 . Also, by recycling old materials, we will use 13 new materials. Recycling uses less energy than making 14 products. Recycling saves fossil fuels and 15 pollution. This is good for our planet's health. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了回收利用的过程、技术以及好处。 1．A.returned B．bought C.reused D．found 答案：C　根据后文“these recyclables”可知，如今人们扔掉的一些东西还可以再回收利用。故选C。 2．A.break up B．pick up C.throw away D．search for 答案：B　根据前文“Garbage trucks pick up rubbish and take it to dumps.”可知，回收车到许多家庭来回收这些可回收的东西。故选B。 3．A.products B．clothes C.recyclables D．books 答案：C　根据前文“these recyclables”可知，此处指把可回收物品分别放入两个不同的盒子。故选C。 4．A.contains B．protects C.lacks D．destroys 答案：A　根据后文“paper products, and one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials”可知，此处指盒子里装的东西，contain “包含，容纳”。故选A。 5．A.big B．public C.common D．separate 答案：D　根据前文“into two separate boxes”可知，此处指有些人不把可回收物品放入分开的盒子里。故选D。 6．A.bring B．sell C.pass D．turn 答案：A　根据后文“the materials to recycling centers”可知，回收车把收集来的材料送到回收中心。故选A。 7．A.and B．because C.so D．while 答案：D　根据前后文可知，此处表示前后的对比，应用while。故选D。 8．A.usual B．special C.comfortable D．efficient 答案：D　根据后文“Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans.”可知，新技术在回收过程提供了方便，由此可知，新技术使回收中心更有效率。故选D。 9．A.introduced B．lent C.sent D．shown 答案：C　根据后文“to companies that reuse the metal”可知，压碎的罐子被送到回收这些金属的公司。故选C。 10．A.families B．companies C.machines D．workers 答案：C　根据前文“Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials.”可知，此处指把纸压碎并捆扎在一起的机器。故选C。 11．A.good B．cheap C.expensive D．difficult 答案：A　根据后文“If we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up”可知，此处是在说明回收利用的好处。故选A。 12．A.suddenly B．carefully C.quietly D．quickly 答案：D　根据前文“If we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up”可知，回收垃圾是为了不让垃圾堆那么快填满。故选D。 13．A.fewer B．more C.enough D．some 答案：A　根据后文“Recycling uses less energy than”以及常识可知，回收旧材料，将使用更少的新材料。故选A。 14．A.strange B．different C.new D．great 答案：C　根据前文“Recycling uses less energy than making”可知，回收利用比制造新产品消耗更少的能源。故选C。 15．A.increases B．allows C.stops D．reduces 答案：D　根据后文“This is good for our planet's health.”可知，此处指回收利用可以减少污染。故选D。 Ⅱ　阅读 Ford is turning McDonald's coffee waste into headlights Ford is recently including coffee chaff—coffee bean skin that comes off during the roasting process—into the plastic headlights housing (大灯外壳) used in some cars. It has asked McDonald's, which doesn't roast its own coffee, to connect it with suppliers. In recent years, as consumers become more concerned about plastic pollution and carbon emissions， companies have made sweeping commitments to reduce their impacts on the environment. They've also been developing new, sustainable materials to build consumer products. Traditionally, Ford uses plastic and talc (滑石粉) to make its headlights housing. The coffee version is more sustainable because it's lighter and doesn't use the talc which, as a mineral, isn't renewable. Coffee chaff, on the other hand, is widely available, and much of it goes to waste. Eventually, Ford hopes to use the material for more parts. Ford decided to work with coffee chaff a few years ago. But it's been experimenting with organic materials for over a decade. The auto company has been using soy­based foam (泡沫) in its cushions since 2011. It also uses waste from wheat, coconut, tomato and other plants in its cars in order to help meet some of its sustainability goals, which include using more renewable materials. Once the Ford team figured out how coffee chaff could be used to build car parts, it reached out to McDonald's because of the restaurant chain's scale and its sustainability goals. Like Ford, McDonald's also wants to bring renewable and recycled materials into its products. The partnership between Ford and McDonald's is an example of how brands with different projects can work together. “We've conventionally thought of cooperation as within the food industry，” said Lan Olson, senior director of Global Sustainability at McDonald's. “The Ford partnership can help McDonald's see what kind of larger impacts are possible, when it works with a company in another field. This is just scratching the surface of trying to understand what's possible，” Olson said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是汽车制造商福特，与麦当劳餐厅进行合作，利用咖啡糠制作车灯及其他零部件，共同追寻可持续发展目标。 1．Why is Ford applying coffee chaff to headlights housing? A．To work with McDonald's. B．To do experiments in the lab. C．To save resources and money. D．To reduce environmental pollution. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，咖啡糠可持续再生，福特公司利用咖啡糠做车灯是为了减少环境污染，故选D。 2．What makes Ford choose McDonald's as its partner? A．They have the same sustainability goals. B．Ford wants to cooperate with one in the food industry. C．Different brands with different projects can work together. D．Coffee of McDonald's is so popular and has great potential. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段的倒数第二、三句可知，福特选择麦当劳作为伙伴是因为他们有同样的可持续发展目标，故选A。 3．What can we learn from Olson's words? A．The cooperation is only on the surface. B．Ford has a large influence on McDonald's. C．Cooperation between the two brands just begins. D．Only cooperation within the food industry is welcomed. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，Olson(奥尔森)表示跨行业合作可能会产生更大的影响，这是初步尝试，由此可推知，福特和麦当劳两个品牌的合作才刚刚开始，故选C。 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．A business report. B.A science fiction story. C．A food magazine. D.A project handbook. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章标题“Ford is turning McDonald's coffee waste into headlights”及文章内容可知，福特将咖啡糠用于制作车灯以及一些其他汽车零部件，与麦当劳合作，共同追寻以减少环境污染为目的的发展模式，由此可推知，文章应出现在报纸中的商业报告版块，故选A。 1．roasting adj. 用于烤炙的；用于烘焙的 2．emission n. 排放 3．sustainable adj. 可持续的 4．scratch v. 刮擦；划掉 experiment with 用……来做实验 Ⅲ　语法填空 Today technological advances have led to a 1 (combine) of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more 2 (access) to us than ever before. Take for example one of China's most famous paintings, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for 3 chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend 4 (take) in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks for technology however, millions more people have been able 5 (experience) a digital versions of this painting. Three­dimensional animation 6 (mean) that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. However, the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over 7 (it) overall quality. Is the artist the creator of the art itself, 8 the maker of the technology behind it? Where technology 9 (take) art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is for sure— 10 so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________ 　5．________ 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术的进步带来了艺术与技术的结合，以及这一结合的优点和缺点。 1．combination　考查词性转换。根据不定冠词“a”可知，设空处应用名词单数。故填combination。 2．accessible　考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作表语。accessible意为“可接近的”，more accessible为accessible的比较级。故填accessible。 3．a　考查冠词。此处泛指一个看到它的机会，应用不定冠词，且chance的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4．taking　考查非谓语动词。固定句型“sb spend＋时间/金钱＋(in) doing sth”，意为“某人花费时间/金钱做某事”，设空处应用动名词作宾语。故填taking。 5．to experience　考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth “能够做某事”，为固定用法。故填to experience。 6．means　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Three­dimensional animation为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。 7．its　考查代词。quality为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。 8．or　考查连词。句中“艺术家是艺术本身的创造者”和“艺术背后的技术制造者是艺术的创造者”之间为选择关系。故填or。 9．will take　考查动词的时态。根据句意和next可知，句子陈述的是接下来将要发生的事，应用一般将来时。故填will take。 10．with　考查介词。句意：但有一件事是肯定的——有这么多的艺术家在探索新的可能性，我们肯定可以期待意想不到的结果。此处为with的复合结构作状语。故填with。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办论坛，探讨未来机器人的发展和应用。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1．未来机器人的发展； 2．未来机器人在各领域(日常生活；医疗；教育等)的应用。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everyone， I'm Li Hua, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Hello, everyone， I'm Li Hua, and I'm glad to express my views on the future of robots. With the development of science and technology, robots will surely play a more and more important role in many aspects. To begin with, they will be good helpers in people's daily life like helping people do the house work. Besides, robots will be widely used in the medical field. For example, nanobots are helpful in fighting cancer cells. As for education, they are effective to stimulate students' interest in learning, especially pupils'. Thank you. Looking forward to your sharing. 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A The idea of billions of people going through a few masks a week during this pandemic (疫情) rings alarm bells, but a team of researchers in Melbourne, Australia, may have the solution. To recycle the abandoned masks, Jie Li and his team added millions of face masks to road­paving (铺路) materials. They found the polypropylene (聚丙烯) plastic used to make single­use face masks could really increase the flexibility of the road. The new composite material is a mixture of about 2% masks, with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)—a material produced from waste concrete and other minerals from buildings pulled down. This recycled material found in the study is ideal for two of the four layers generally required to create roadways. And the final product is more resistant to wear than normal asphalt (沥青), as well as being cheaper, too, if there was a method for collecting masks. Li and his team did a cost­analysis and found that, at $26 per ton, the RCA was about half the cost of mining materials, and as much as a third of the cost of shipping the used masks to a landfill (垃圾填埋场). If the percentage of damaged roads in Washington state were repaired with Li's mixture, it would reuse nearly 10 billion masks, sparing American landfills hundreds of millions of tons of trash. The team is going to look for industry partners or governments willing to give their plastic mask road an opportunity for a large­scale test. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的研究人员发现用于制作一次性口罩的聚丙烯可以增加道路的弹性，这一发现有利于废弃口罩的回收利用。 1．What's the purpose of the research? A．To reduce burden on the environment. B．To invent a method for collecting masks. C．To find a substitute for asphalt. D．To ring the alarm bells. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，研究人员进行研究的目的是减少这些废弃的口罩带给环境的负担。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “composite” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Popular. B.Combined. C．Powerful. D.Original. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，这种新型材料是混有口罩的合成物。由此可推知，composite意为“混合的，合成的”，与combined同义。故选B。 3．What do we know about the new material? A．It is mainly made of masks. B．It is expensive to ship. C．It has four layers. D．It is money­saving. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这个新材料是省钱的。故选D。 4．What will Li's team probably do next? A．His team will do a cost­analysis. B．His team will seek for support. C．His team will increase the flexibility of roads. D．His team will repair the damaged roads. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，李杰和他的团队将寻求对该项目的支持方，进而可以进行大规模的试验。故选B。 1．abandoned adj. 被抛弃的 2．flexibility n. 弹性 3．concrete adj. 具体的 go through 经历 B Bryan Laubscher, one of the world's leading astrophysicists, who study the physics and chemistry of the stars, planets, etc, is developing an invention called the Mars Elevator. To form a picture of this, you may want to imagine the story of Jack and the Beanstalk. This is the story of a boy who grew a beanstalk that reached the heavens. Jack climbed the stalk and entered another world. The space elevator is similar but of course much more high­tech and better yet, it is real! Astrophysicists are designing a steel­like cable that will be connected to a platform in the ocean. This cable is designed to be pulled up into space, where it will then be connected to a space station. People will be able to travel up and down this elevator by the year 2030. There will be a number of space elevators so that both tourists and businesses can travel into space. To get there, space tourists will simply travel to the nearest ocean elevator entrance. The trip up into space will take about a week. When they arrive, space tourists will be inside a space station and will be able to stay there. There are other alternatives, too. Astronomers think it will be easy to travel from the space station to the moon, where space tourists can stay in a moon hotel—which is now being designed. The future looks bright for space tourists. It also looks bright for industry and scientists. Mining companies will travel to space to mine elements that are rare on Earth. Energy scientists will travel to space to set up space solar panels, which will collect a huge amount of energy from the sun and shoot it back to Earth where we can use it to heat our homes and meet our energy needs. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。天体物理学家Bryan Laubscher(布莱恩·罗伯斯特)正在开发一项名为火星电梯的发明，文章介绍了这种太空电梯的工作原理以及前景。 5．What does Jack and the Beanstalk help readers understand? A．The difficulty of building space elevators. B．What material space elevators would use. C．What space elevators would look like. D．The reason for inventing space elevators. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三、四句的内容可知，Jack(杰克)和Beanstalk(魔豆)的故事帮助读者理解了太空电梯的样子。故选C。 6．What can we infer about space elevators? A．They're accepting pre­paid bookings. B．They'll be available in the near future. C．They're mainly used for scientific study. D．They'll offer people a seven­day round trip. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句的内容可知，太空电梯还在设计，由此可推知，它将在不久的将来投入使用。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “alternatives” in Para. 2 mean? A．Advantages. B.Purposes. C.Entries. D.Choices. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，当他们到达时，太空游客将在空间站内，并将能够待在那里，也可以选择不待在那里，即有其他的选择，由此可推知，画线词意思是“选择”。故选D。 8．What is the author's attitude towards space elevators? A．Worried. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Positive. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句的内容可推知，作者对太空电梯的态度是支持的。故选D。 1．form v．形成 2．stalk n. (植物的)茎、秆 be connected to 与……有关联；与……连接 C It's 6 AM, and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It's not a malfunction the smart clock scanned your schedule and adjusted because you've got that big presentation first thing in the morning. The electric car is ready to go, charged by the solar panels on your roof. When you get home later, there's an unexpected package waiting. You open it to find cold medicine. Turns out, health sensors embedded in your bathroom detected signs of an upcoming illness and placed an order automatically. That, at least, is the ideal design of the smart home that exists 10 years out. But a decade from now, we'll dip into the Internet of Things (IoT) totally. A range of technological developments will drive smart－home technology well beyond what's available on store shelves today. Innovations in AI stand to change almost everything in our lives. You might already be using some kind of AI－powered voice－assistant device to get the latest news or weather forecast every morning. IoT company Crestron, for example, is working on software that follows a person's habits, like which music they want to hear in the morning or which lights they want to be on at a certain time of day. Then, once it gets the hang of a user's preferences, it automatically plays just the right playlists or makes the lights less bright before bedtime. All this learning that the smart home of the future will be doing may raise privacy concerns. In 2016, hackers took over hundreds of thousands of secure IoT devices, then used them to send fake Internet traffic, the incident broke Internet connections for a moment throughout parts of North America and Europe. A bill put forth by Virginia Senator Mark Warner would push the government to set up minimum security requirements for smart devices used by federal agencies; such requirements could eventually become standard for the industry at large. You're more likely than not to end up in a connected home one day, whether you mean to or not. Ultimately, people will come to see smart－home technology as essential as electricity, refrigeration or air­conditioning. People will rely on it. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能、机器人技术和传感器的发展使房屋和公寓比以往更加智能，这些软件能追踪居民的习惯、喜好，更好地为居民服务。 9．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To reveal people's busy life in ten years. B．To display pollution­free homes in ten years. C．To show how people will cure illness in the future. D．To describe how smart the home can be in the future. 答案：D　段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，第一段描述了未来的智能家居。故选D。 10．What can AI do in the future? A．Push your preferences towards green living. B．Play your favorite songs with voice control. C．Provide the latest news and weather automatically. D．Make home devices function according to your habits. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可推知，未来人工智能可以让家庭设备根据你的习惯运行。故选D。 11．What does the author want to tell us by the event in 2016? A．The IoT devices were of low quality. B．The government made a law because of it. C．Security problems from smart devices were urgent. D．Hackers were common in North America and Europe. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可推知，作者想通过2016年的事件告诉我们智能设备的安全问题迫在眉睫。故选C。 12．What does the author think about the smart home in the future? A．It's electrical and reliable. B．It's attractive and necessary. C．It will not need much designing. D．It will not be affected by evil hackers. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句的内容可推知，作者认为未来的智能家居是有吸引力和必要的。故选B。 1．malfunction n. 故障 2.embed v. (使)嵌入 3．detect v. 检测 a range of 一系列 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$