Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club-【金版教程】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第二册创新导学案word（北师大版2019）

英语　必修 第二册 BS Section Ⅲ　Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．a small magazine or book containing pictures and information about sth or advertising sth——n. brochure 2．the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need——n. shelter 3．the quality of being new and interesting in a way that is different from anything that has existed before——n. originality 4．of many different types——adj. varied 5．frightening——adj. scary 6．unable or unlikely to cause damage or harm——adj. harmless 7．the sport or activity of moving over snow on skis——n. skiing 8．to see or notice sb/sth——vt. observe 9．an instance or fact of someone or something ceasing to be visible——n. disappearance Ⅱ.教材原句 1．You are going to write a brochure about ________________ (在灾难中幸存下来)．(教材P40) 答案：surviving a disaster 2．The most important thing is to protect yourself ________________ (尽你所能)．(教材P41) 答案：as much as you can 3．________________ (如果可能的话), find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.(教材P41) 答案：If possible 4．If you are near objects that can fall, ______________________________ (找个庇护所保护你不受其伤害)．(教材P41) 答案：find a shelter to protect yourself from them 5．Stop your car as soon as you can, but ________________________________ (避免在建筑物附近停车) or under a tree.(教材P41) 答案：avoid stopping near a building 6．In fact, one third of the country ______________ (由……所组成) national parks, which are full of hiking trails and beautiful campsites.(教材P43) 答案：is made up of 7．Actually, it's not an original story—the film was ________________ (基于一本书) by a Chinese writer called Jiang Rong. (教材P44) 答案：based on a book 8．I admire the way the film crew ________________________ (照顾得这么好) the animals.(教材P44) 答案：took such good care of 9．Yes, the book and the film really show ________________________ (对人类来说有多重要) to protect the environment.(教材P45) 答案：how important it is for humans 10．What ________________ (你认为) the writer Jiang Rong wants to say about people and wolves? (教材P45) 答案：do you think 1 shelter n. 避难所(教材P41) 归纳 拓展 ①He gave the stranger shelter for a night. 他让那位陌生人住了一夜。 ②I took shelter from the heavy rain in a farmhouse. 我在农舍里躲避大雨。 ③There aren't enough tents to shelter them all. 没有足够的帐篷为他们所有人提供庇护。 ④He wore a pair of sunglasses to shelter from the bright light. 他戴了一副太阳镜来遮蔽强光的照射。 单句语法填空 ①________ the shelter of the parents, many children are too dependent. ②We took shelter ________ the heavy snow in a factory. ③The trees shelter the field ________ cold wind. ④We sat in the shade, ________ (shelter) from the sun. 答案：①Under　②from　③from　④sheltering 2 Move away from anything that can fall. (教材P41) 远离任何可能坠落的物体。 剖析 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词anything，在从句中充当主语。 归纳 拓展 ①The woman that spoke to me in the shop is my aunt.(作主语) 在商店里和我说话的那个女人是我姨妈。 ②The magazine (that/which) he bought last week is gone.(作宾语) 他上周买的那本杂志不见了。 (1)在下列情况下只用that，不用which： ①先行词是all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时； ②先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the very, the few, the only等修饰时； ③先行词被all, little, few, much, none, every等修饰时； ④先行词既有人又有物时； ⑤主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)用which不用that的几种情况： ①关系代词前有介词时，用 which不用that； ②在非限制性定语从句中用 which不用that。 ①This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里以来看的第一部电影。 ②There is little work that you can do. 几乎没有你能做的工作。 ③They talked about the men and the things that they had seen. 他们谈论他们所见的人和物。 单句语法填空 ①He told me something ________ upset him then. ②He broke my cup, ________ made me very angry. 答案：①that　②which 3 varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的(教材P43) 归纳 拓展 ①He led a full and varied life. 他过着丰富多彩的生活。 ②There are various options open to you. 你有多种选择。 ③Opinions on this matter vary from person to person. 对于这件事，每个人的意见都不一样。 ④Winds vary with time, altitude, and location. 风随时间、高度和位置而变化。 ⑤Minerals can be absorbed and utilized by the body in a variety of different forms. 人体可通过很多不同形式吸收和利用矿物质。 the variety of意为“……的种类/多样性”。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The variety of his books ________ (be) astonishing. ②It is essential that your diet is ________ (vary) and balanced. ③The importance of being an Olympian will vary ________ athlete to athlete. 答案：①is　②varied　③from (2)单句表达 ①该疾病有各种类型。 There are ________________ of the disease. ②葬仪的习俗因宗教不同而不同。 Funeral customs ____________ different religions. ③布什基金会已经资助了许多教员发展项目。 The Bush Foundation has funded ________________ faculty development programs. 答案：①various types　②vary with　③a variety of/varieties of 4 scary adj. 可怕的，恐怖的(教材P43) 归纳 拓展 ①Some people worry the earthquake will scare people away. 还有些人担心这次的地震会把人吓跑。 ②You're just trying to scare me into leaving. 你只是在吓唬我，逼我离开。 ③I was scared to death when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark. 当我看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时，我怕得要死。 ④Don't be scared to follow your dreams. 不要害怕追求你的梦想。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Some wedding flowers have a strong smell to scare ________ the evil spirits. ②I think prison is going to be a ________ (scare) thing for Harry. 答案：①away　②scary (2)单句表达 ①虽然我吓得要死但还是极力保持若无其事。 I tried to keep a poker face even though I ____________________． ②保持好奇心，不要害怕去学习新的东西。 Be curious; don't ____________________ something new. 答案：①was scared to death　②be scared to learn 5 ... exciting scenes—especially the one where the horses are attacked by a pack of wolves ... (教材P44) ……令人兴奋的场景——尤其是马被一群狼攻击的场景…… 剖析 where引导定语从句，修饰the one。one用来代替前面出现的名词，以避免重复。 归纳 拓展 ①The boy who most needed praise was the one who took the last seat that day. 最需要表扬的那个男孩是那天坐在最后面座位上的那个。 ②The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Tianjin. 海南的气候比天津的暖和。 ③—I lost my pen yesterday. Have you seen it? —Look at the one over there. ——我昨天丢了钢笔，你看见了吗？ ——看看那边那支。 (1)it指代的事物与前面提到的为“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。 (2)当后面有of短语时，多用that/those；当前面有前置定语时，只能用one/ones。 选词填空(one/that/it) ①The water in the cup is hotter than ________ in the pot. ②Where is my new pen? I can't find ________． ③I have lost my bike, so I must buy ________． 答案：①that　②it　③one 6 I admire the way the film crew took such good care of the animals.(教材P44) 我很钦佩电影摄制组如此善待动物的方式。 剖析 本句为复合句，the film crew took such good care of the animals为定语从句，修饰the way。 归纳 拓展 ①This is the way (that/which) he told me. 这是他告诉我的方式。 ②What annoyed me was not what he did but the way (that/in which) he did it. 令我恼火的不是他做了什么，而是他做事的方式。 ③The best way to learn English is to read a lot. 学习英语最好的方法是多阅读。 单句语法填空 ①The way ________ he takes care of his sick mother moves people all over China. ②Can you show me the way ________ you used in your new task? 答案：①that/in which/不填　②that/which/不填 7 As a result, a decision is made to kill the wolves, ignoring the warning that wolves protect the grassland from the invasion of hares, rats and other animals. (教材P45) 结果，作出了猎杀狼的决定，而忽视了狼保护草原免受野兔、老鼠和其他动物入侵的警告。 剖析 ignoring the warning是现在分词短语作状语，that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明the warning的内容。 归纳 拓展 ①Having no money with her, she couldn't buy this book. 由于没带钱，她买不了这本书。(原因) ②The old man fell down, hurting his leg. 那位老人摔倒了，腿受了伤。(结果) ③He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. 他轻轻地哼着小曲，走下山来。(伴随) 单句语法填空 ①The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. ②He paused as if ________ (expect) her to speak. 答案：①making　②expecting 8 If people hadn't taken the meat, the wolves would have left the farmers' sheep alone. (教材P45) 如果人们不把肉拿走，狼就会放过农民的羊。 剖析 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：if条件句用“had＋过去分词”，主句用“would＋have＋过去分词”形式。 归纳 拓展 ①If I had a car, I would take you anywhere you like. 如果我有一辆车，我就带你去任何你想去的地方。 ②If we had had enough rain last year, we would have gained a good harvest. 如果去年雨水充足的话，我们可能就会有个好收成。 ③If I were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 如果明天我去见他，我就会邀请他来家里。 (1)虚拟条件句中，be的过去式在各种人称下一般都用were，非正式文体中有时可用was，但if I were you中必须用were。 (2)虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，把were, had, should提前到句首，形成倒装结构。 (3)主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据所指的不同时间选择适当的虚拟语气。 ①If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again. 如果我再年轻十岁，我会从头开始的。 ②Were she my daughter, I would not send her abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不会把她送出国。 ③If he hadn't hurt his legs in the last training, he would join in the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次训练中他的腿没受伤的话，他会参加即将到来的世界杯，这是他一直渴望的。 单句表达 ①如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞翔。 If I ________ a bird, I ____________ in the air. ②如果我及时做了那件事的话，我就会玩得很开心了。 If I ______________ it in time, I ______________________ a good time. ③如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。 If it __________________ tomorrow, I __________________ my car. 答案：①were; could fly　②had done; should have had　③were to rain; would not drive Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．They built a rough ________ (避难所) from old pieces of wood. 答案：shelter 2．His ________ (消失) has been the subject of intensive investigation. 答案：disappearance 3．One should not only ________ (观察) but also help. 答案：observe 4．Do you know the chemistry of this ________ (金属)? 答案：metal 5．The government is warning a strong ________ (余震) is still possible. 答案：aftershock 6．Our b________ is printed on environmentally­friendly paper. 答案：brochure 7．Most people considered him a h________ eccentric. 答案：harmless 8．The book is completely lacking in o________． 答案：originality 9．All my family enjoy s________． 答案：skiing 10．He looks s________ but he's really a gentle giant. 答案：scary Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Some students think physics is the most difficult subject ________ they have learned. 答案：that 2．I don't like the way ________ Mr Wang treats his children. 答案：that/in which/不填 3．The more he talked, the ________ (far) he strayed from the point. 答案：further 4．Avoid ________ (talk) about things that are difficult to express in English. 答案：talking 5．________ was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 答案：It 6．Tom as well as two of his friends ________ (be) invited to the party yesterday. 答案：was 7.No matter how ________ (attract) they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard and tasteless. 答案：attractive 8．If Mr Dewey ________ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 答案：had been 9．Many of the fruits you've tasted on your holidays can be found ________ supermarkets. 答案：in 10．It is a saying ________ memory is great if you need not to deal with the past. 答案：that Ⅲ.选词填空 as well as; fall down; take care of; as a result; be made up of; be home to; hold on; be afraid of; away from; at one point 1．____________， the bad thing has been turned into a good one. 答案：As a result 2．No city, Tel Aviv or Jerusalem included, ____________ more Jews than New York. 答案：is home to 3．They visited some factories, hospitals ____________ the school. 答案：as well as 4．You helped me to ____________ at times when I didn't think I could even go on trying. 答案：hold on 5．I always think that a great conversation should ____________ equal sharing by both parties. 答案：be made up of 6．____________ I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed. 答案：At one point 7．I was anxious to get him here, ____________ family and friends. 答案：away from 8．There's nothing to be afraid of. The sky won't ____________． 答案：fall down 9．We need to ____________ our bodies to study hard. 答案：take care of 10．It's all over. There's nothing to ____________ now. 答案：be afraid of 课后课时作业(五) 较易题(占比60%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B C D 难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ Ⅰ　阅读 A According to the US Geological Survey, about seven million earthquakes strike worldwide every year—but fortunately, only about 1，500 of these are of a magnitude (震级) of 5 or greater on the Richter scale. Certain areas, such as California and Japan, are more prone__to earthquakes than others. Although the chance of being caught in “The Big One” is remote, it's wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common. Educate your family about earthquakes before a big one strikes. For example, they need to know to take shelter in a doorway or under a strong object if indoors, and never to run outdoors if they are inside. If outside, they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall. Teach family members how to turn off gas or water lines or electrical power that may need to be shut off after a quake if severe damage occurs. Develop a plan. Where will your family meet in the event of a disaster? What if some people are at work or school? How will you know if they are safe? Where will you all meet up? Pack a preparedness kit (衣物装备) and keep it in a safe location. In a major earthquake, it's possible that you won't be able to get into your house. Keep supplies in your car trunk or an outside storage shed if possible. Pack whatever your family is likely to need, enough for three days to a week, including food, water, medication, first aid and personal hygiene supplies, flashlights, a portable radio, blankets, clothes and shoes, cash, or camp stove, candles, matches or lighters, and a whistle. Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake­prone area. Regular homeowner's insurance doesn't cover earthquake damage. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每年的地震很多，但是大地震并不多，经常遭受地震的地区也是集中的，但是我们应该为地震做好准备，尽量减少损失。 1．The underlined phrase “prone to” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by ________．(　　) A．likely to suffer B．frequent to explore C．regular to measure D．impossible to experience 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，如果你住在地震多发区，要考虑为你家购买地震保险，因为常规房屋保险不保障地震损害。因此可推断，prone to意为“可能会遭受”。故选A。 2．According to the passage, if you are outside in an earthquake, you should ________．(　　) A．stay where you are B．hide under a big tree C．avoid power lines D．sit on the ground 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，地震的时候如果你在外面，应该避开电线。故选C。 3．We can learn from the passage that ________．(　　) A．about 1，500 earthquakes happen every year B．people should store some clothes in their houses in advance C．family members should meet in their home after an earthquake D．people suffering earthquakes often should buy earthquake insurance 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，家住震区的人应该买地震保险。故选D。 4．What would be the best title for the passage？(　　) A．How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake? B．How to Prepare for an Earthquake? C．Who Can Help US After an Earthquake? D．Where Is an Earthquake­Prone Area? 答案：B 解析：标题判断题。第一段最后一句提到“Although the chance of being caught in ‘The Big One’ is remote, it's wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common.”以及其他各段都围绕着这一句展开，由此可知，这篇文章讲的是如何为地震做好准备。故选B。 B When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure (压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable (急躁的) and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp (叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm. It seems that they know they won't get another chance for an hour or two. Birds also seek safe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre­storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm. By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物，如老鼠、鹿、小鸟在天气变化前的不同反应。 5．The underlined word “indicators” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．(　　) A．maps B．services C．signs D．stations 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。作者在第一段中首先指出人们可以通过观察野生动物来了解天气状况，接着给出原因，然后举例“Mice and deer are good weather indicators．”，由此可推知，indicator意为“标志，迹象”。故选C。 6．There will be a storm if birds ________．(　　) A．make more noise than usual B．fly in different directions C．come down from tall trees D．share a piece of bread 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“irritable (急躁的)” “quarrelsome” “chirp (叽叽喳喳)”和“sing”等词可知，如果鸟儿比平时发出更多的噪音，说明暴风雨将要来临。故选A。 7．How can birds sense the coming of a storm？(　　) A．By feeling a drop in air temperature. B．By noticing the change of wind directions. C．By feeling a drop in air pressure. D．By noticing the movements of other animals. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的首尾句中的“a pressure drop” “low pressure”可知，鸟儿通过感受气压的下降，从而感知到暴风雨的来临。故选C。 8．The best title for the text would be “________”．(　　) A．Signs of a Storm B．Drops in Air Pressure C．Animals' Sharp Senses D．Nature's Weather Signs 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。文章主要讲述了动物敏锐的感知能力。故选C。 C Climate change, not human hunting, may have destroyed the thylacine (袋狼), according to a new study based on DNA from thylacine bones. The meat­eating marsupials (有袋动物) died out on mainland Australia a few thousand years ago, but survived in Tasmania, an island of southeast Australia separated from the mainland, until the 1930s. Until now, scientists have believed the cause of this mainland extinction (灭绝) was increased activity from native Australians and dingoes (Australian wild dogs)． Scientists behind the University of Adelaide study, which was published in the Journal of Biogeography, collected 51 new thylacine DNA samples from fossil bones and museum skins. The paper concluded that climate change starting about 4，000 years ago was likely the main cause of the mainland extinction. The ancient DNA showed that the mainland extinction of thylacines was rapid, and not the result of loss of genetic diversity (基因多样性). There was also evidence of a population crash in thylacines in Tasmania at the same period of time, reducing their numbers and genetic diversity. Professor Jeremy Austin said Tasmania would have been protected from mainland Australia's warmer, drier climate due to its higher rainfall. He argued that climate change was “the only thing that could have caused, or at least started, an extinction on the mainland and caused a population crash in Tasmania.” “They both occurred at about the same time, and the other two things that have been talked about in the past that may have driven thylacines to extinction on the mainland were dingoes and humans. So the only explanation that's left is climate change. And because that population crash happened at the same time that the species (物种) went extinct on the mainland, our argument is that there's a common theme there and the only common theme is that there is this change in climate.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化可能是导致袋狼消失的原因。 9．What did scientists believe in the past according to the passage？(　　) A．Marsupials were all meat­eating animals. B．Dingoes should be removed from Australia. C．Thylacines had no enemies on mainland Australia. D．Human activities may cause the extinction of thylacines. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，到目前为止，科学家们一直认为大陆物种灭绝的原因是澳大利亚土著居民和澳洲野狗活动的增加。由此可推知，科学家过去认为人类活动可能会导致袋狼的灭绝。故选D。 10．What's the difference between mainland Australia and Tasmania？(　　) A．Tasmania has more dingoes. B．Tasmania has more rainy days. C．Tasmania has a higher temperature. D．Tasmania has more native activities. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，塔斯马尼亚可以免受澳大利亚大陆更温暖、更干燥的气候的影响，因为那里的降雨量更多。即塔斯马尼亚有更多的雨天。故选B。 11．The reason why Jeremy Austin had strong argument is that ________．(　　) A．something similar occurred on mainland Australia and Tasmania B．Tasmania was protected from mainland Australia's warmer climate C．humans and dingoes may have driven thylacines to extinction D．mainland Australia suffered from much higher rainfall in the past 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“He argued that climate change was ... crash in Tasmania.’”和最后一段中的“that population crash happened ... on the mainland”可推知，澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛发生了类似的事情。故选A。 12．What's the best title for the passage？(　　) A．The cause of disappearance of thylacines B．The ways of protecting meat­eating animals C．The result of warmer climate in Australia D．The effect of climate change on wildlife 答案：A 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，这篇文章讲述了气候变化可能是袋狼消失的原因。A项(袋狼消失的原因)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 D Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one­horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholera. However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going. Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。 13．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？(　　) A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing.”可知，太多的泥土会堵塞河道，阻止河水流淌。由此可推知，clog意为“堵塞”。故选C。 14．How do floods help ecosystems？(　　) A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, not everything ... plants grow.”可知，洪水沿途携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃。故选A。 15．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3？(　　) A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people's appreciating floods. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However, not everything ... new life to ecosystems.”及下文描述可知，第三段主要讲述洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B。 16．What's the best title of this article？(　　) A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding C．Floods—a Disaster to Humans D．Floods—a Part of Nature 答案：D 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述洪水对于生态系统有好处也有坏处。最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以D项(洪水——大自然的一部分)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Ⅱ　完形填空 Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He got into a life boat, but his supplies were __1__. __2__ when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive—much __3__ than he was when he started, but alive. His __4__ of how he survived is fascinating. His cleverness—how he __5__ to catch fish, how he evaporated (蒸发) sea water to__6__ fresh water—is very interesting. But the thing that __7__ my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no __8__ in continuing the struggle. He was starved and __9__ worn­out. Giving up seemed the only choice. “I tell myself I can __10__ it，” wrote Callahan. “Compared to what others have been through, I'm fortunate. I tell myself these things over and over, __11__ up courage ...” I wrote that down after I read it. It __12__ me as something important. And I've told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed __13__ off. And every time I've said it, I have always come back to my senses. The truth is in comparison with __14__ others have been through, you're fortunate. Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you __15__ the rough situations with a little more courage. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Steven Callahan (史蒂文·卡拉汉)在横穿大西洋时遇险，最后在绝境下幸存的故事，说明在绝境下要一遍遍地告诉自己，有人的情况比你还要糟糕，这会给你更多的渡过困难情况的勇气。 1．(　　)A.little B．rich C．few D．enough 答案：C 解析：根据but表示转折可知，此处表示几乎没有什么物资了，且修饰supplies应用few。故选C。 2．(　　)A.And B．Yet C．Still D．Thus 答案：B 解析：前一句提到“几乎没有什么物资了”。后一句提到“76天后，他被发现还活着。”中间应该是用表示转折关系的并列连词yet。故选B。 3．(　　)A.thinner B．stronger C．worse D．healthier 答案：A 解析：上文提到，他的食物供应等很少，76天之后当然比出发时要瘦了。故选A。 4．(　　)A.attitude B．assumption C．instruction D．account 答案：D 解析：根据下文语境可知，那些内容是他的叙述。故选D。 5．(　　)A.assisted B．tended C．managed D．intended 答案：C 解析：manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”。由“他活了下来”这一事实可知，他是能够抓到鱼的。故选C。 6．(　　)A.make B．absorb C．select D．replace 答案：A 解析：此处表示，他蒸发海水以制成(make)纯净水。故选A。 7．(　　)A.attacked B．attracted C．caught D．drew 答案：C 解析：catch one's eye为固定短语，意为“引起某人注意”。故选C。 8．(　　)A.need B．taste C．message D．point 答案：D 解析：there seems no point in doing sth意为“做某事没意义”，为固定句式。故选D。 9．(　　)A.firmly B．completely C．hardly D．generally 答案：B 解析：根据后一句“Giving up seemed the only choice.”可知，他完全(completely)饿坏了，累坏了。故选B。 10．(　　)A.handle B．carry C．follow D．inspect 答案：A 解析：handle“处理，应付”，此处指Callahan告诉自己他能行。故选A。 11．(　　)A.rolling B．using C．building D．making 答案：C 解析：此处指Callahan一遍遍地告诉自己这些，积蓄勇气。build up意为“逐渐建立”。故选C。 12．(　　)A.defeated B．recommended C．introduced D．struck 答案：D 解析：句意：这就像一些重要的事一样打动了我。strike “打动，感动”。故选D。 13．(　　)A.far B．long C．ever D．even 答案：A 解析：句意：当我自己的目标好像很渺茫时，我告诉自己同样的话语。far在此处表示“程度上还很遥远”。故选A。 14．(　　)A.how B．that C．which D．what 答案：D 解析：设空处引导宾语从句，作介词with的宾语，且从句中缺少宾语，故用what引导。故选D。 15．(　　)A.get round B．get over C．get through D．get off 答案：C 解析：get through意为“渡过”。故选C。 Ⅲ　应用文写作 假如你是李华，你们学校拟开展“地球日”活动，现面向全校师生征集活动创意，你打算参加这次征集活动，请给你的英国笔友Jim写封邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍你的创意； 2．询问他的建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Dear Jim， As Earth Day is approaching, our school is collecting ideas for raising people's awareness of protecting the environment. I would like to share mine with you, hoping to seek your advice. My plan consists of two parts. The first part is to make posters. We will compare the present and the past situation of our surroundings with them. My plan also involves a voluntary activity, whose aim is to call for all walks of people to contribute to the fight for clean water and green mountains. What do you think of my plan? Since you are experienced in designing activities, can you give me some suggestions? Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 写作园地　应用文写作——灾难自救小册子 本单元的写作主题为灾难自救小册子。此类写作文章一般偏向说明文形式，内容主要针对灾难发生前或发生时的具体自救措施，需要注意以下几点内容： 1．内容上，具体可实施。灾难自救小册子所提供的建议应描述具体，且有效可行，针对不同灾难有不同的应对措施，在提供建议时，命中主题，提供具体可实行的措施，切忌大篇幅无用的描述。 2．语言上，简练易懂。在介绍自救措施时，应一目了然且清晰易懂，能够从语言上理解所表达的意思，恰当运用顺序词，体现文章的条理性。 3．时态上，一般现在时和祈使句。灾难自救小册子主要是针对灾难的实质性措施，属于客观事实类；运用祈使句也是表达建议或请求的一种方式。 (1)Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings. 地震造成的大多数伤亡是由于人们在进出建筑物时被坠物击中造成的。 (2)When a tornado occurs in the field, low­lying areas should be found near the ground. Keep away from trees to avoid being smashed and pressed. 在野外遇到龙卷风时，应就近寻找低洼地伏于地面。要远离大树，以免被砸、被压。 (3)Keep physical strength while waiting for rescue. 在等待救援时要保存体力。 (4)After the discovery of the debris flow, climb vertically with the debris to both sides of the hillside immediately. 发现泥石流后，立即顺着泥石流垂直向上爬到山坡两侧。 (5)We need to learn the basic means of self­help. 我们要学会基本的自救手段。 (6)If you fall into the water during a tsunami, try to catch the floating objects such as boards and avoid collision with other hard objects. 如果在海啸时不幸落水，要尽量抓住木板等漂浮物，同时注意避免与其他硬物碰撞。 (7)No matter what kind of disaster you face, don't panic! 无论面对什么样的灾难，千万不要慌乱！ (8)Be aware that electricity may go out or that sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on. 要意识到可能会断电，自动喷水灭火系统或火警可能会启动。 (9)Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped, watching for road and bridge damage. 地震停止后小心前行，注意道路和桥梁的损坏情况。 (10)In the face of the disaster, what's most important is calmness, confidence, courage and powerful command. 面对灾难，最重要的是冷静、信心、勇气和强有力的领导。 假设你是李华，你所在的班级最近发起了面对灾难如何自救的活动，请你做一个面对海啸自救的小册子。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] How to Survive a Tsunami The most important point: Don't panic! No matter what kind of disaster you face, you should keep your mind awake. First, when a tsunami strikes, be as far away from the coastline as possible and flee inland and highland. Second, choose tall and strong buildings, high slopes and trees as shelters. Third, if unfortunately swept away, hold on to some larger floating objects, such as beds, cabinets, trees, etc. and wait for rescue. Last, if you are on a ship, remember not to sail to the coast, where the tsunami is most powerful, and sail to open sea. 范文的题目展示出了文章的整体内容，当发生海啸时该如何自救。第一段内容的主旨句“Don't panic！”虽然简单，却让人印象深刻；接着分四点叙述了怎样自救，条理清晰，逻辑清楚。 [亮点呈现] (1)主旨句“Don't panic！”是文章的中心所在，让人记忆深刻。 (2)顺序词first, second, third, last的使用，使文章条理清晰，有理有据。 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Larry的家乡发生了地震，为了应对未来可能再次发生地震的情况，请你以书信的形式给Larry写一封关于地震自救的小册子告知他在地震中应如何自救。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Larry， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Larry， I'm extremely sorry to hear that a terrible earthquake struck your hometown. I do hope you are safe and sound. I want to tell you how to save yourself in the face of an earthquake. First, if you're indoors, hide under hard furniture. This will protect your head from injury. Second, if you are in a store, follow the instructions of the staff. In case of being locked in the elevator, please contact the management room through the special telephone in the elevator for help. Last but not least, protect yourself first, and then find ways to protect others. Now that the disaster has gone, hopefully everything will be all right soon. So don't worry too much. I hope these suggestions will help you. Yours， Li Hua 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$