04 完形填空(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年对口招生英语二轮复习专项突破(湖南专用)

2024-09-24
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04完形填空 【考纲解读】 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能适应这一题型。 命题专家话命题原则 阅卷老师谈答题误区 1. 命题专家选材原则 原则1:内容注重原汁原味,体现“关注学生情感,提高人文素养”的理念。话题新颖,涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等领域。 原则2:体裁已记叙文和夹叙夹议为主,说明文和议论文也会有体现。 1. 命题专家考察原则 原则3:注重在语境中综合考察学生对词义的辨析、理解与搭配。  原则4:考查结合语境进行分析、判断的能力。 1. 命题专家设题原则 原则5:设空以实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)为主,虚词为辅,其比例基本为:8:2或7:3. 原则6:设题角度以根据上下文语境考查形近词或近义词的辨析为主,减少了单纯考查语法的题目。 误区一:对篇章知识理解不准确 应充分利用首句、首段等信息理解篇章大意。 误区二:忽视上下文逻辑关系 事实细节不会孤立出现,应结合文章前后内容,利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系。 误区三:语法知识运用不娴熟 做题时应考虑句子结构和动词形式。 误区四:凭主观想象选择答案 应站在作者的立场上去答题。 误区五:固定搭配不熟练 应积累、记忆常用短语和搭配。 完形填空的答题步骤: 前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤: 1、通读全文,了解大意 2、瞻前顾后,逐步填空 3、认真复查,适当调整 阅读下面短文 从各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项,并将答案填涂在答题卡上 Dear Mrs.MacDonald, As you know, we've been in the flat now for six months. We like it, 51 I'm afraid there are a few problems. First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. Could you please 54 these items? Secondly, the fat is extremely 55 in winter. The central heating doesn't work very well and we have to use electric 56 And they are expensive, of course. Part of the problem is the windows. They don't fit very well, so they let the 57 in. Finally, there's the kitchen It really does need 58 .We are quite prepared to do the work ourselves if you pay for the paint. Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 us. In any case, please let us know about these things as 60 as possible Yours truly, Sandra Shaw 51. A.and B.but C.so D or 52.A.old B.fashionable C.expensive D.heavy 53.A.flat B.cupboard C.kitchen D.table 54.A.sell B.use C.replace D.find 55.A.wet B.noisy C.crowded D.cold 56.A.clocks B.fires C.fans D.wires 57.A.light B.dust C.wind D.heat 58.A.expanding B.designing C.cleaning D.painting 59.A.agree with B.hear from C.argue with D.worry about 60.A.far B.long C.soon D.little 技巧1 利用上下文语境推断句意解题 如果脱离上下文语境,有的题目的每个选项放在空格处,在词性、语法上都可能是正确的,但是在上下文具体的语境中,正确的答案又是唯一的。 As you know, we've been in the flat now for six months. We like it, 51 I'm afraid there are a few problems. 1. A.and B.but C.so D or First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. 1. A.old B.fashionable C.expensive D.heavy 上下文语境推断的方法可用于52小题: 解析:从后句的“扶椅的状态都不能用了”可知推断“很多的家具都相当破旧”,故选A项。 技巧2:利用背景常识解题 背景常识包含文化知识、文化理解、跨文化交际意识等。要理解英语中常见的成语和俗语,英语国家与中国的生活习俗的异同等。充分利用背景知识,帮助选出最佳选项。 First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. 1. A.flat B.cupboard C.kitchen D.table Could you please 54 these items? Secondly, the fat is extremely 55 in winter. The central heating doesn't work very well and we have to use electric 56 And they are expensive, of course. Part of the problem is the windows. They don't fit very well, so they let the 57 in. 54.A.sell B.use C.replace D.find 55.A.wet B.noisy C.crowded D.cold 56.A.clocks B.fires C.fans D.wires 57.A.light B.dust C.wind D.heat 54.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文的很多家具很旧了,我们可以推断“你能重置这些东西吗”,故选C项。 55.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从下文的“供暖设备没有用了”可推断“这套房子冬天非常冷”,故选D项。 56.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文“这座房子冬天很冷,加热系统坏了”可推知,使用“电炉(来保暖)”,故选B项。 57.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文“还有窗户也有问题,关不上”可推知,“能让风进入”,故选C项。 技巧3:利用词汇复现关系解题 空格处正确的选项,有时会再次在短文中出现。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现。反义词复现等。复现的位置也有不同,有的紧接着出现,有的相隔几句甚至是几段复现,有的前后复现。 Finally, there's the kitchen It really does need 58 .We are quite prepared to do the work ourselves if you pay for the paint. 58.A.expanding B.designing C.cleaning D.painting Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 us. In any case, please let us know about these things as 60 as possible 1. A.agree with B.hear from C.argue with D.worry about 技能4:利用排除法巧妙答题 做题时,发现选项有明显的错误,这时就可以用排除法。此法还可以适用于:是否违背文章的主题思想;是否符合英语语言习惯;是否符合句意的逻辑关系等等;从多个方面分析,对选项逐个筛查,排除干扰性,从而确定正确答案。 Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 agree with us. In any case,please let us know about these things as 60 as possible 60.A.far B.long C.soon D.little 技能5:利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达答题 英语中的词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定的,一些句型的用法也是固定的。因此,要熟记这些用法,才会轻松解答试题。 【考点精讲】 一、词义辨析题 1.题型特征 主要考查考生对基本词法及其相关结构的熟练度,常考词类多见于名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等实词以及连词和介词这样的虚词。 2.应试技巧 联系上下文,将空白处所在的句子进行翻译,通过判断所填选项是否通顺或符合题意来进行作答。 二、词语搭配题 1.题型特征 这一类型的题目往往稍加阅读便可知题意,然后结合题干,选择正确的词语、句子结构或语法搭配即可。常见于连词的选择与使用、关联词搭配以及介词与名词、动词的搭配等。 2.应试技巧 认真分析句子所缺内容,结合日常积累的基础知识,通过翻译空白处所在句来确定答案。 三、语法结构题 1.题型特征 涉及内容多为词句语法上的曲折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 2.应试技巧 细心阅读句子,观察、理解题目所在语境,找准时态、语态,精准分析句子中包含的语法现象或固定搭配。 四、逻辑推理题 1.题型特征 题目常出现在典型的语义标志后,通过联系上下文并结合语境信息,考查考生对特定语句的理解。 2.应试技巧 充分理解语境及语义,结合上下文,联系有关的语义标志进行选择。 (一)词义辨析题 辨析类型主要包括名词辨析、动词辨析、形容词辨析、副词辨析、介词辨析等。需要联系上下文,将空白处所在的句子进行翻译,然后再判断所填选项是否通顺或者符合题意。 1. 语义场法 语义场又称词汇场,是指归属于一个共同概念之下,意思上紧密相连的一组词的聚合体。在这个场中,每个词都有其特定的意义和位置,与其他词之间存在着相似性和差异性。完形填空有时会在语篇的语义场中设空,因此,识别不同的语义场以及形成语义场的词汇对于理解语篇、选出正确答案有很大帮助。 【例】Almost every Saturday morning, Molly pulls a table into her front yard. On the table she lays out some in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. A .fruits B.flowers C.leaves D.vegetables 2. 代入法 把给出的四个选项都代入空白处进行验证,看哪个选项最符合句义。 【例】Buffalo rushed toward Mouse and stepped on him . A .quietly B .heavily C .beautifully D .Patiently 3. 常识法 分析空白处所在句,利用常识解题。 【例】Once a chief (酋长) told a servant (仆人) to go to the market. “Bring me the best piece of meat that is sold in the market,” said the chief. The servant at once and ran to the market. A.replied B.cried C.escaped D.obeyed (二)逻辑推理题 逻辑推理题是英语完形填空题中的必考题型,具有非常强的规律性。重点考查在题目前 后意思基本表达完整的情况下,是否能准确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系的能力。所以,考生 需要根据已有的信息推断出句子之间的逻辑关系。 1. 常见逻辑类型及其逻辑关系词 · 并列关系:also, besides, along with, and, not only…but also…, either…or … , neither…nor … , similarly, in the same way, the same as, as well as, like, meanwhile 等; · 递进关系:above all, furthermore, whats more, moreover, even等; · 转折关系:but, however, yet, while等; · 条件关系:if,unless, as/ so long as等; · 让步关系:although, though, while, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, regardless of 等; · 对比关系:while, whereas, unlike, contrary to, in contrast (to), rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, instead of, not…but…等; · 因果关系:because, now that, since, as, for, as a result of, so/ such that, as a result, therefore, thus, so 等。 2. 解题步骤 一读:阅读题干句子,仔细分析句子结构; 二判断:找逻辑关系词,判断句子的逻辑关系; 三选择:根据逻辑关系选择合适的答案。 【例】Ive learned enough Chinese to carry out some tasks, such as booking train tickets and speaking with my landlord (房东). , a few complicated (复杂的) tasks, like visits to the bank and anything else that needs technical terms, are still hard for me. A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then 【解析】C 。考查逻辑推理。前一句话表示“我 ”已经学了足够多的中文,能够完成一 些任务,比如订火车票以及与房东交流。后一句话则指出在面对一些困难的任务,比如去银行或者做一些需要用到专业术语的事情时,“我 ”仍然觉得很困难。由两句话的含义可以判 断两句话之间存在着转折关系,故答案为C。 语法结构题 语法结构是英语完形填空题中的必考题型,具有非常强的规律性。涉及内容多为词句语 法上的屈折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 1.高频语法结构 (1)定语从句 限制性定语从句: 先行词+引导词+不完整句 e.g. I know the girl that spoke to you just now. 非限制性定语从句: 主句 + ,+ 引导词 + 不完整句 引导词+不完整句+ , +主句 e.g. Jim changed his mind, which made me very angry. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China. 【例】SpaceX is a company builds rockets. A .who B.where C.whereas D.that (2)状语从句 主句+ 引导词 +完整陈述句 从属连词+ 完整陈述句, + 主句 e.g. When she came in, I was writing an essay. I was writing an essay, When she came in. 【例】No matter bad the weather is, the basic lives of the people must be fully safeguarded. A.however B.where C.why D.how (3)宾语从句 及物动词+引导词+句子 介词+引导词+句子 e.g. He told me that the moon moves round the earth. 他告诉我月球绕着地区转。 I will give this book to who wants to have it. 谁想要这本书,我就给谁。 【例】I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered I had something that could do the same. A.when B.how C.if D.though (4)非谓语动词 分词短语作状语:分词短语 + ,+ 主句 主句 + ,+ 分词短语 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来。 The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了整整一夜,造成了巨大的损失。 分词短语作后置定语:被修饰词+分词短语 e.g. I miss the cakes made by my mom. 我怀念我妈妈做的蛋糕。 A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hardworking man. 鸡一打鸣就起床的人是一个勤奋的人。 动名词作宾语:介词 +动名词(短语) 及物动词 +动名词(短语) e.g. I always spend my spare time in reading. 我总是花业余时间阅读。 The teacher doesnt permit running in the classroom. 老师不允许(学生)在教室里奔跑。 【例】I began to describe her room, including the old sheets on her window. A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hung (四)词语搭配题 词语搭配类的题型与前两种题型相比来说较为简单,考查频率也相对较低,考查的内容虽然庞杂,但也较为固定,因此通过大量的背诵记忆便可以轻松应对,常见于连词的选择与使用,关联词搭配以及介词与动名词搭配等固定语法搭配的使用。 (1)仔细阅读题干,题干问到的问题主要涉及五个方面,分别为场景、内容、目的、讲话人或作者的身份、讲话人或作者的观点态度等。 (2)阅读短文,理解短文内容,判断短文的体裁和出处(是否属于广告、通知等,是否摘录自一篇演讲、一则招聘启事等),推测短文发生的场景(如机场广播通知、学校开学典礼等)。 (3)仔细阅读选项,结合短文内容,选出符合题干问题的正确答案。 【例】Leaving ones comfortable life is not easy. Ive learned this from my father, and I can say no matter whether the result is good or bad, it is doing. A.worthless B.worth C.value D.worthy 【真题练手】 完形填空(本节共10小题;每小题1分,共10分) 阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项,并将答案填涂在答题卡上。 A girl named Emily came from a musical family. Her father was a famous pianist and her mother was a violinist. ____31____ Emily was unable to play any instrument. Emily felt that she wasn’t part of her ____32____. It was her dream to become just like the rest of them. Nevertheless, no matter how hard she tried, she was unable to. It was a ____33____ for Emily when her father pushed her to learn to play the piano. Instead of playing instruments, Emily enjoyed ____34____ in her spare time. Her paintings showed how ____35____ she was at drawing. But her family didn’t believe that she had the talent. And they weren’t ____36____ with her at all. Things began to change when one teacher of Emily saw her talent for art. Emily was encouraged to take part in different competitions as well as ____37____ activities. She received awards and medals for her excellent artworks. When her parents saw that, they stopped ____38____ Emily to play music. Emily finally developed her own style. Being ____39____ doesn’t mean that you don’t have any talent, but it means that you have something special to ____40____ the world. Do not try to be the same as everybody. Be yourself and you will create the difference and make yourself unique. 31. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore 32. A. team B. class C. family D. school 33. A. choice B. pleasure C. chance D. pain 34. A. drawing B. dancing C. singing D. writing 35. A. surprised B. disappointed C. skilled D. excited 36. A. patient B. angry C. satisfied D. strict 37. A. music B. art C. sport D. literature 38. A. forbidding B. permitting C. inviting D. pushing 39. A. different B. famous C. successful D. ordinary 40. A. talk about B. share with C. learn about D. work with 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 04完形填空 【考纲解读】 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能适应这一题型。 命题专家话命题原则 阅卷老师谈答题误区 1. 命题专家选材原则 原则1:内容注重原汁原味,体现“关注学生情感,提高人文素养”的理念。话题新颖,涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等领域。 原则2:体裁已记叙文和夹叙夹议为主,说明文和议论文也会有体现。 1. 命题专家考察原则 原则3:注重在语境中综合考察学生对词义的辨析、理解与搭配。  原则4:考查结合语境进行分析、判断的能力。 1. 命题专家设题原则 原则5:设空以实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)为主,虚词为辅,其比例基本为:8:2或7:3. 原则6:设题角度以根据上下文语境考查形近词或近义词的辨析为主,减少了单纯考查语法的题目。 误区一:对篇章知识理解不准确 应充分利用首句、首段等信息理解篇章大意。 误区二:忽视上下文逻辑关系 事实细节不会孤立出现,应结合文章前后内容,利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系。 误区三:语法知识运用不娴熟 做题时应考虑句子结构和动词形式。 误区四:凭主观想象选择答案 应站在作者的立场上去答题。 误区五:固定搭配不熟练 应积累、记忆常用短语和搭配。 完形填空的答题步骤: 前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤: 1、通读全文,了解大意 2、瞻前顾后,逐步填空 3、认真复查,适当调整 阅读下面短文 从各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项,并将答案填涂在答题卡上 Dear Mrs.MacDonald, As you know, we've been in the flat now for six months. We like it, 51 I'm afraid there are a few problems. First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. Could you please 54 these items? Secondly, the fat is extremely 55 in winter. The central heating doesn't work very well and we have to use electric 56 And they are expensive, of course. Part of the problem is the windows. They don't fit very well, so they let the 57 in. Finally, there's the kitchen It really does need 58 .We are quite prepared to do the work ourselves if you pay for the paint. Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 us. In any case, please let us know about these things as 60 as possible Yours truly, Sandra Shaw 51. A.and B.but C.so D or 52.A.old B.fashionable C.expensive D.heavy 53.A.flat B.cupboard C.kitchen D.table 54.A.sell B.use C.replace D.find 55.A.wet B.noisy C.crowded D.cold 56.A.clocks B.fires C.fans D.wires 57.A.light B.dust C.wind D.heat 58.A.expanding B.designing C.cleaning D.painting 59.A.agree with B.hear from C.argue with D.worry about 60.A.far B.long C.soon D.little 技巧1 利用上下文语境推断句意解题 如果脱离上下文语境,有的题目的每个选项放在空格处,在词性、语法上都可能是正确的,但是在上下文具体的语境中,正确的答案又是唯一的。 As you know, we've been in the flat now for six months. We like it, 51 I'm afraid there are a few problems. 1. A.and B.but C.so D or First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. 1. A.old B.fashionable C.expensive D.heavy 上下文语境推断的方法可用于52小题: 解析:从后句的“扶椅的状态都不能用了”可知推断“很多的家具都相当破旧”,故选A项。 技巧2:利用背景常识解题 背景常识包含文化知识、文化理解、跨文化交际意识等。要理解英语中常见的成语和俗语,英语国家与中国的生活习俗的异同等。充分利用背景知识,帮助选出最佳选项。 First, a good deal of the furniture is rather 52 ,The armchairs, for example, are in bad condition and so is the big 53 where we eat. 1. A.flat B.cupboard C.kitchen D.table Could you please 54 these items? Secondly, the fat is extremely 55 in winter. The central heating doesn't work very well and we have to use electric 56 And they are expensive, of course. Part of the problem is the windows. They don't fit very well, so they let the 57 in. 54.A.sell B.use C.replace D.find 55.A.wet B.noisy C.crowded D.cold 56.A.clocks B.fires C.fans D.wires 57.A.light B.dust C.wind D.heat 54.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文的很多家具很旧了,我们可以推断“你能重置这些东西吗”,故选C项。 55.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从下文的“供暖设备没有用了”可推断“这套房子冬天非常冷”,故选D项。 56.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文“这座房子冬天很冷,加热系统坏了”可推知,使用“电炉(来保暖)”,故选B项。 57.运用上下文语境推断的方法:从上文“还有窗户也有问题,关不上”可推知,“能让风进入”,故选C项。 技巧3:利用词汇复现关系解题 空格处正确的选项,有时会再次在短文中出现。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现。反义词复现等。复现的位置也有不同,有的紧接着出现,有的相隔几句甚至是几段复现,有的前后复现。 Finally, there's the kitchen It really does need 58 .We are quite prepared to do the work ourselves if you pay for the paint. 58.A.expanding B.designing C.cleaning D.painting Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 us. In any case, please let us know about these things as 60 as possible 1. A.agree with B.hear from C.argue with D.worry about 技能4:利用排除法巧妙答题 做题时,发现选项有明显的错误,这时就可以用排除法。此法还可以适用于:是否违背文章的主题思想;是否符合英语语言习惯;是否符合句意的逻辑关系等等;从多个方面分析,对选项逐个筛查,排除干扰性,从而确定正确答案。 Can you possibly come and look at the flat yourself? I'm sure you'll 59 agree with us. In any case,please let us know about these things as 60 as possible 60.A.far B.long C.soon D.little 技能5:利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达答题 英语中的词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定的,一些句型的用法也是固定的。因此,要熟记这些用法,才会轻松解答试题。 【考点精讲】 一、词义辨析题 1.题型特征 主要考查考生对基本词法及其相关结构的熟练度,常考词类多见于名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等实词以及连词和介词这样的虚词。 2.应试技巧 联系上下文,将空白处所在的句子进行翻译,通过判断所填选项是否通顺或符合题意来进行作答。 二、词语搭配题 1.题型特征 这一类型的题目往往稍加阅读便可知题意,然后结合题干,选择正确的词语、句子结构或语法搭配即可。常见于连词的选择与使用、关联词搭配以及介词与名词、动词的搭配等。 2.应试技巧 认真分析句子所缺内容,结合日常积累的基础知识,通过翻译空白处所在句来确定答案。 三、语法结构题 1.题型特征 涉及内容多为词句语法上的曲折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 2.应试技巧 细心阅读句子,观察、理解题目所在语境,找准时态、语态,精准分析句子中包含的语法现象或固定搭配。 四、逻辑推理题 1.题型特征 题目常出现在典型的语义标志后,通过联系上下文并结合语境信息,考查考生对特定语句的理解。 2.应试技巧 充分理解语境及语义,结合上下文,联系有关的语义标志进行选择。 (一)词义辨析题 辨析类型主要包括名词辨析、动词辨析、形容词辨析、副词辨析、介词辨析等。需要联系上下文,将空白处所在的句子进行翻译,然后再判断所填选项是否通顺或者符合题意。 1. 语义场法 语义场又称词汇场,是指归属于一个共同概念之下,意思上紧密相连的一组词的聚合体。在这个场中,每个词都有其特定的意义和位置,与其他词之间存在着相似性和差异性。完形填空有时会在语篇的语义场中设空,因此,识别不同的语义场以及形成语义场的词汇对于理解语篇、选出正确答案有很大帮助。 【例】Almost every Saturday morning, Molly pulls a table into her front yard. On the table she lays out some in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. A .fruits B.flowers C.leaves D.vegetables 【解析】D。本句句义为:几乎每个星期六早上,莫莉都会把一张桌子拉到她家前院。 她在桌上摆上了一些应季的 ,比如胡萝卜和西红柿。根据空后的such as所举的例子可以判断,空白处所缺少的单词是与 carrots 和 tomatoes 同一个语义场的词,四个选项中只有vegetables符合。故选 D。 2. 代入法 把给出的四个选项都代入空白处进行验证,看哪个选项最符合句义。 【例】Buffalo rushed toward Mouse and stepped on him . A .quietly B .heavily C .beautifully D .Patiently 【解析】B 。本句句义为:水牛冲向老鼠, 踩在了他身上。将四个选项代入空白处后,会发现只有 B 项符合。考虑到水牛的体重和他冲向老鼠的情景,可以推断他一定是“重重地 ”踩在老鼠身上。quietly 意为“安静地 ”;beautifully 意为“漂亮地 ”;patiently意为“耐心地”,代入后皆不符合文意。 3. 常识法 分析空白处所在句,利用常识解题。 【例】Once a chief (酋长) told a servant (仆人) to go to the market. “Bring me the best piece of meat that is sold in the market,” said the chief. The servant at once and ran to the market. A.replied B.cried C.escaped D.obeyed 【解析】D 。本段句义为:曾经有一位酋长告诉他的仆人去一趟市场,“把市场上卖得 最好的那块肉给我带回来。 ”仆人立刻 并跑到市场。根据常识可知,既然是酋长给仆 人下的命令,仆人必然是立即 obey(遵守),故 D 项是正确答案。 (二)逻辑推理题 逻辑推理题是英语完形填空题中的必考题型,具有非常强的规律性。重点考查在题目前 后意思基本表达完整的情况下,是否能准确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系的能力。所以,考生 需要根据已有的信息推断出句子之间的逻辑关系。 1. 常见逻辑类型及其逻辑关系词 · 并列关系:also, besides, along with, and, not only…but also…, either…or … , neither…nor … , similarly, in the same way, the same as, as well as, like, meanwhile 等; · 递进关系:above all, furthermore, whats more, moreover, even等; · 转折关系:but, however, yet, while等; · 条件关系:if,unless, as/ so long as等; · 让步关系:although, though, while, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, regardless of 等; · 对比关系:while, whereas, unlike, contrary to, in contrast (to), rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, instead of, not…but…等; · 因果关系:because, now that, since, as, for, as a result of, so/ such that, as a result, therefore, thus, so 等。 2. 解题步骤 一读:阅读题干句子,仔细分析句子结构; 二判断:找逻辑关系词,判断句子的逻辑关系; 三选择:根据逻辑关系选择合适的答案。 【例】Ive learned enough Chinese to carry out some tasks, such as booking train tickets and speaking with my landlord (房东). , a few complicated (复杂的) tasks, like visits to the bank and anything else that needs technical terms, are still hard for me. A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then 【解析】C 。考查逻辑推理。前一句话表示“我 ”已经学了足够多的中文,能够完成一 些任务,比如订火车票以及与房东交流。后一句话则指出在面对一些困难的任务,比如去银行或者做一些需要用到专业术语的事情时,“我 ”仍然觉得很困难。由两句话的含义可以判 断两句话之间存在着转折关系,故答案为C。 语法结构题 语法结构是英语完形填空题中的必考题型,具有非常强的规律性。涉及内容多为词句语 法上的屈折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 1.高频语法结构 (1)定语从句 限制性定语从句: 先行词+引导词+不完整句 e.g. I know the girl that spoke to you just now. 非限制性定语从句: 主句 + ,+ 引导词 + 不完整句 引导词+不完整句+ , +主句 e.g. Jim changed his mind, which made me very angry. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China. 【例】SpaceX is a company builds rockets. A .who B.where C.whereas D.that 【解析】D。考查语法结构。句义:SpaceX 是一家制造火箭的公司。分析句子成分可知,句子含有 is 和 builds 两个谓语,因此可判断这是一个复合句,空格词应引导从句,builds rockets 是前面company的属性,起修饰作用,因此可判断空格词引导定语从句,从句缺少主语,排除B、C项;因为company是物,不能用who引导,排除A;故答案选D。 (2)状语从句 主句+ 引导词 +完整陈述句 从属连词+ 完整陈述句, + 主句 e.g. When she came in, I was writing an essay. I was writing an essay, When she came in. 【例】No matter bad the weather is, the basic lives of the people must be fully safeguarded. A.however B.where C.why D.how 【解析】D。考查语法结构。句义:无论天气多么恶劣,人民群众的基本生活都必须得到充分保障。no matter+疑问词,意为“无论…… ”,根据其后的形容词severe可知,这里指“无论多么严重”。故答案为D。 (3)宾语从句 及物动词+引导词+句子 介词+引导词+句子 e.g. He told me that the moon moves round the earth. 他告诉我月球绕着地区转。 I will give this book to who wants to have it. 谁想要这本书,我就给谁。 【例】I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered I had something that could do the same. A.when B.how C.if D.though 【解析】C。考查语法结构。空白处所在句的句义为:我一边沉默,一边想着 我也拥有一个东西可以做同样的事。根据语法规则,空白处需要填入引导词引导宾语从句,though 只能引导状语从句,故排除D项;when引导宾语从句时,意为“什么时候”;how引导宾语从句时,意为“如何,怎样”;if 引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”。结合选项和语境可知,C 项为正确答案。 (4)非谓语动词 分词短语作状语:分词短语 + ,+ 主句 主句 + ,+ 分词短语 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来。 The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了整整一夜,造成了巨大的损失。 分词短语作后置定语:被修饰词+分词短语 e.g. I miss the cakes made by my mom. 我怀念我妈妈做的蛋糕。 A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hardworking man. 鸡一打鸣就起床的人是一个勤奋的人。 动名词作宾语:介词 +动名词(短语) 及物动词 +动名词(短语) e.g. I always spend my spare time in reading. 我总是花业余时间阅读。 The teacher doesnt permit running in the classroom. 老师不允许(学生)在教室里奔跑。 【例】I began to describe her room, including the old sheets on her window. A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hung 【解析】D 。考查语法结构。空白处所在句的句义为“在电梯里,我开始给她描述她的房间,包括 在她窗户上的旧床单”。hang 有两种中文意思,一为“悬挂 ”,其过去分词形式为 hung;另一意思为“ 吊死 ”,其过去分词形式为 hanged。结合语境可知,床单挂在窗户上,应用被动语态。故D项为正确答案。 (四)词语搭配题 词语搭配类的题型与前两种题型相比来说较为简单,考查频率也相对较低,考查的内容虽然庞杂,但也较为固定,因此通过大量的背诵记忆便可以轻松应对,常见于连词的选择与使用,关联词搭配以及介词与动名词搭配等固定语法搭配的使用。 (1)仔细阅读题干,题干问到的问题主要涉及五个方面,分别为场景、内容、目的、讲话人或作者的身份、讲话人或作者的观点态度等。 (2)阅读短文,理解短文内容,判断短文的体裁和出处(是否属于广告、通知等,是否摘录自一篇演讲、一则招聘启事等),推测短文发生的场景(如机场广播通知、学校开学典礼等)。 (3)仔细阅读选项,结合短文内容,选出符合题干问题的正确答案。 【例】Leaving ones comfortable life is not easy. Ive learned this from my father, and I can say no matter whether the result is good or bad, it is doing. A.worthless B.worth C.value D.worthy 【解析】B。考查固定搭配。根据空后的 doing 可以判断出,前面的词在用法中一定要跟 doing 进行搭配。worthless 意为“无价值的 ”,后面不加 doing;worth 意为“值得 ”,be worth doing sth.为固定搭配;value 意为“价值 ”,常用 the value of(……的价值);worthy意为“值得的”,常用搭配为 worthy of sth.故选 B。 【真题练手】 完形填空(本节共10小题;每小题1分,共10分) 阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项,并将答案填涂在答题卡上。 A girl named Emily came from a musical family. Her father was a famous pianist and her mother was a violinist. ____31____ Emily was unable to play any instrument. Emily felt that she wasn’t part of her ____32____. It was her dream to become just like the rest of them. Nevertheless, no matter how hard she tried, she was unable to. It was a ____33____ for Emily when her father pushed her to learn to play the piano. Instead of playing instruments, Emily enjoyed ____34____ in her spare time. Her paintings showed how ____35____ she was at drawing. But her family didn’t believe that she had the talent. And they weren’t ____36____ with her at all. Things began to change when one teacher of Emily saw her talent for art. Emily was encouraged to take part in different competitions as well as ____37____ activities. She received awards and medals for her excellent artworks. When her parents saw that, they stopped ____38____ Emily to play music. Emily finally developed her own style. Being ____39____ doesn’t mean that you don’t have any talent, but it means that you have something special to ____40____ the world. Do not try to be the same as everybody. Be yourself and you will create the difference and make yourself unique. 31. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore 32. A. team B. class C. family D. school 33. A. choice B. pleasure C. chance D. pain 34. A. drawing B. dancing C. singing D. writing 35. A. surprised B. disappointed C. skilled D. excited 36. A. patient B. angry C. satisfied D. strict 37. A. music B. art C. sport D. literature 38. A. forbidding B. permitting C. inviting D. pushing 39. A. different B. famous C. successful D. ordinary 40. A. talk about B. share with C. learn about D. work with 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了艾米丽的故事,呼吁我们不要试图和每个人都一样,每个人的天赋不同,我们都是独一无二的。 【31题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意:然而,艾米丽不会演奏任何乐器。A. Besides除此之外;B. However然而;C. Instead相反;D. Therefore因此。根据前文“Her father was a famous pianist and her mother was a violinist. (她父亲是著名的钢琴家,母亲是小提琴家。)”可知,前文与艾米丽不会演奏乐器形成了转折。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意:艾米丽觉得她不是她家庭的一员。A. team团队;B. class班级;C. family家庭;D. school学校。根据前文可知,她家庭是音乐世家,而她不会乐器使她觉得他不是家庭的一员。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意:当艾米丽的父亲强迫她学习弹钢琴时,她感到很痛苦。A. choice选择;B. pleasure愉快;C. chance机会;D. pain痛苦。根据前文“Emily was unable to play any instrument (艾米丽不会演奏任何乐器)”可推测出,她演奏乐器时很痛苦。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意:艾米丽在业余时间喜欢画画,而不是演奏乐器。A. drawing画画;B. dancing跳舞;C. singing唱歌;D. writing写作。根据后文“Her paintings showed how skilled she was at drawing (她的画显示了她的绘画技巧)”可知,她喜欢画画。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意:她的画显示了她的绘画技巧。A. surprised惊喜的;B. disappointed失望的;C. skilled有技巧的;D. excited激动地。根据句意可知,这里是指她的画作富有技巧。故选C。 【36题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意:他们对她一点也不满意。A. patient有耐心的;B. angry生气的;C. satisfied满意的;D. strict严格的。根据前文“But her family didn’t believe that she had the talent. (但她的家人不相信她有这个天赋。)”可知,她家人不相信他的天赋,因此对她不满,符合题意。故选C。 【37题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意:艾米丽被鼓励参加不同的比赛和艺术活动。A. music音乐;B. art艺术;C. sport运动;D. literature文学。根据后文“ She received awards and medals for her excellent artworks. (她因出色的艺术作品而获奖。)”可知,艾米丽参加的应是艺术活动。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意:当她的父母看到这一点时,他们不再强迫艾米丽玩音乐。A. forbidding禁止;B. permitting允许;C. inviting邀请;D. pushing强迫。根据前文“She received awards and medals for her excellent artworks. (她因出色的艺术作品而获奖。)”可知,她在画画上获得了很多奖,因此,她的父母应是停止强迫她玩音乐。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意:与众不同并不意味着你没有任何天赋,而是意味着你有一些特别的东西可以与世界分享。A. different不同的;B. famous著名的;C. successful成功的;D. ordinary普通的。根据前文可知,艾米丽出生于音乐世家,但是她对画画有天赋,说明与众不同不意味着没有任何天赋。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查动词短语。句意:与众不同并不意味着你没有任何天赋,而是意味着你有一些特别的东西可以与世界分享。A. talk about谈论;B. share with与……分享;C. learn about学习;D. work with和……工作。根据句意可知,这里是指与世界分享。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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04 完形填空(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年对口招生英语二轮复习专项突破(湖南专用)
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