Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习v.-ing形式 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子，并体会它们的语法特征。 1．(教材P50)It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing (lose) too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 2．(教材P50)As you can imagine, getting (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 3．(教材P50) The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving (give) first aid. 4．(教材P51) Place burns under cool running (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes. 5．(教材P51) Remove any clothes using (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 1．句1中的v.-ing形式作介词(短语)的 宾语 ； 2．句2中的v.-ing形式作 主语 ； 3．句3中的v.-ing形式作 表语 ； 4．句4中的v.-ing形式作 定语 ； 5．句5中的v.-ing形式作 状语 。 一、v.-ing形式及句法功能 v．-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。v.-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式。动名词既具有动词的特征，也具有名词的特征。 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动 名 词 一般 式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成 式 having done having been done 现 在 分 词 一般 式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成 式 having done having been done ◎v.-ing形式作主语 1．动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语往往表示经常或多次发生的动作，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 ►Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 ►To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 2．代词it代替v.-ing形式作形式主语。 此类句式常见的有： ►It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 ►It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你作决定是没有用的。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1)It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. (2)It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action. (3) Wasting (waste) a person's time is the same as killing him for his property. (4) Being exposed (expose) to loud noise can do damage to your hearing. ◎v.-ing形式作宾语 1．作动词的宾语 常接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind) ►To avoid being noticed, he slipped into the room. 为了不被人注意，他溜进了房间。 ►I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。 2．作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, dream of, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, stick to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。 ►He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 ►I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life. 我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1)It is pretty useful for someone who is trying to give up smoking (smoke)． (2)Young people may risk going (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ)I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking (pick) my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. 3．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。 forget stop remember regret try mean go on can't help ►Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。 ►I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍然记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 [提示] (1)remember/forget/regret后跟doing和后跟having done所表示的意思并无差别。 (2)regret后跟不定式时，往往表示对将要说的话(或做的事)表示遗憾，故其后常接 to say/tell/inform 等。 (3)stop后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一件事。stop后接不定式时，不定式常作目的状语。 [即时训练3]——补全句子 (1)我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 I regret to tell you that you've failed in the exam. (2)别再向我抱怨他的粗鲁了。 Stop complaining to me about his rudeness. (3)误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour . ◎v.-ing形式作表语 1．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing…这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 ►Judging from his look, the news was shocking.从他的表情判断，这消息令人震惊。 2．动名词作表语 动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容(此时主语和表语可以互换)。 ►Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 [即时训练4]——单句语法填空 (1)Your task for the next few days is reading (read) the adaptation from the novel. (2)Ton's hobby is drawing (draw), but now what he wants to do is (to) travel (travel) around the world. (3)One part of his work is making (make) monthly advertising budgets. ◎v.-ing形式作定语 1．动名词作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的某种性能或用途。 ►No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。 2．现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与v.-ing之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。 ►The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 [提示] 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 ►The teaching building built last year is twice as high as the old one. 去年建的教学楼是旧教学楼的两倍高。 ►The teaching building being built now is twice as high as the old one. 现在正在建造的教学楼是旧教学楼的两倍高。 ►The teaching building to be built next month is twice as high as the old one. 下个月要建的教学楼是旧教学楼的两倍高。 [即时训练5]——单句语法填空 (1)When we got a call saying (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. (2)I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work to do (do)． (3)Generally speaking, the flowers smelling (smell) sweet can attract more bees. ◎v.-ing形式作宾语补足语 v．-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。v.-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)＋sb＋doing sth(作宾补)。 ►When I came in, I saw Linda comforting the crying girl. 我进来时，看见琳达在安慰那个哭泣的女孩。 2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth(作宾补)。 ►We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 [提示] 使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”，接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。 ►Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则你会弄伤手的。 3．用于with复合结构中。 ►I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 [即时训练6]——单句语法填空 (1)Hearing the scream, the operator rushed out, leaving the machine still running (run)． (2)We held our breath when watching the young doctor dealing (deal) with the swollen skin. (3)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them. ◎v.-ing形式作状语 1．时间状语 v．-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while, after引出。 ►Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination. 作了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。 2．原因状语 可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。 ►Being so excited(＝As he was so excited), he couldn't go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。 3．条件状语 可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。 ►Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 4．方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 ►The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)． 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。 5．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。 ►His father died, leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)． 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 6．让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。 ►Knowing all this(＝Although/Though they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了这一切，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 [提示] v．-ing形式作状语的注意事项 (1)逻辑主语 v．-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。 ►Being ill, he didn't attend the wedding. 因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.) (2)连词＋现在分词 由when/while/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。 ►Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. ＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. 尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。 [即时训练7]——单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together. (2) Judging (judge) from what he said, he wasn't satisfied with my work. (3)Once losing (lose) this chance, you can't easily find it. (4)When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. → Seeing those pictures , she remembered her childhood. (5)Because I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him. → Not knowing his address , I can't send this book to him. (6)If you use your head, you'll have a good idea./Use your head and you'll have a good idea. → Using your head , you'll have a good idea. 二、注意事项 1．v.-ing形式的时态和语态(否定形式在前加not) 时　态 主　动 被　动 一般式 (not) doing (not) being done 完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done ►He was punished for not having done his homework.(动名词) 他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。 ►Not having done it right, I tried again.(现在分词)由于没有做对，所以我又试了试。 ►Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.(现在分词) 那个小偷趁无人看见时逃跑了。 [即时训练8]——补全句子 (1)粗心不是一个好习惯。 Being careless is not a good habit. (2)我不知道他做过那样的事。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing . (3)因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的这个男孩感到无聊就出去了。 Having been ignored for a long time , the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out. 2．v.-ing形式的复合结构 v．-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加v.-ing，即“sb/sb's＋doing”构成。v.-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给v.-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。v.-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： ①形容词性物主代词＋v.-ing ②名词's＋v.-ing ③代词宾格＋v.-ing ④名词＋v.-ing ►Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 ►The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 [提示] (1)v.-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可用。 (2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。 ►Tom's winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。 ►Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？ [即时训练9]——用v.-ing形式的复合结构补全句子 (1)他的父亲病了，这使他很担心。 His father's being ill made him worried. (2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. (3)你能想象他在家做饭的样子吗？ Can you imagine him/his cooking at home ? Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．First of all, becoming (become) aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress. 2．As well as the weather, the relaxing atmosphere and nightlife are very appealing (appeal)． 3．People enjoy working (work) with him because he has a good sense of humor. 4． Facing (face) a tough challenge, the China's national women's volleyball team won the Olympic title in Rio. 5．I think it is no good having (have) another talk with him on the matter. 6．After he finished doing (do) his maths homework, he went on to write (write) his composition. 7．When electricity was discovered, people living (live) in remote areas began to use windmills to produce electricity. 8．We shouldn't keep him continuing (continue) to waste his time playing games. 9．The young man was caught stealing (steal) his neighbour's water pump. 10．The living room is clean and tidy, with a Christmas tree standing (stand) in the middle. Ⅱ.语法与写作(句式升级) 1．When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. → Hearing the news , they immediately set off for Shanghai. 2．Because I was tired out, I had to stop to have a rest. → Being tired out , I had to stop to have a rest. 3．If you turn to the left at the street corner, you'll find a bank. → Turning to the left at the street corner , you'll find a bank. 4．Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me. → Knowing where I live , he never comes to see me. 5．He comes home very late every evening, which makes his wife angry. →He comes home very late every evening, making his wife angry . Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 Disney is a great place.To many people 1. wanting (want) to work there, Disney has many great jobs, one of which is lifeguarding. 2． Having involved (involve) in saving several visitors at Disney, Vicki Garside knows full well that a lifeguard role may not be for everyone.However, she 3. strongly (strong) suggests that you should never refuse the job before 4. having (have) a try. “I know some people wouldn't want the responsibility, but for those who are really good at 5. swimming (swim), it's a great job to have at Disney，” she says. Garside spent six months 6. serving (serve) as a lifeguard at Disney's Bay Lake Area last year.She said, “Lifeguarding has one of the 7. highest (high) base pay rates(比率) among all the jobs, as well as very reasonable 8. working (work) hours.” She also says that all of her co-workers had a great time 9. staying (stay) with each other at Disney. “Guests are also very friendly and polite.They know you are there to do a job and you are there for their 10. safety (safe)．” For people who are interested in getting jobs at Disney, it's a great way to get your foot in the door. 1 (教材P52)Chemical burns can even affect your internal organs if the chemicals are swallowed. 如果化学物质被吞下，化学烧伤甚至会影响你的内脏。 swallow　vt.&vi.吞下；咽下 n．燕子；一口 swallow up　吞没；淹没；耗尽；用尽 (以文助写)One swallow does not make a summer.(谚)一燕不成夏。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The firefighter had a few swallows (swallow) of water and hurried out. (2)An increasing amount of the countryside is being swallowed up by the town. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)一种势不可挡的羞耻感几乎吞没了她，迫使她做出改变。 An overwhelming 　sense of shame almost swallowed her　 and pushed her to make a change. (4)简很快就被人群吞没了。 Jane was soon swallowed up in the crowd. 2 (教材P53)When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor. 当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。 slip　vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走　vt.(slipped；slipping)悄悄塞；迅速放置；摆脱　n．滑倒；小错误；纸条 slip away　　　 逃走；悄悄溜走；消失；死去 slip up 疏忽；不小心出差错 slip into　　　　　　 溜进 slip out of 悄悄溜出 The gifted boy recited the whole poem without making a single slip. 这个天才男孩零失误地背诵了整首诗。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He found a coin in his pocket and slipped it into her hand. (2)It was such a good chance.How could the girl let it slip away ? [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)就是在他父亲睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。 It was while his father was sleeping that the little boy slipped out of his room . 3 (教材P53)After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs.到达后，救护小组很快找到了泰勒夫人，并立即给她输氧、静脉注射，并检查了她的生命体征。 delay　vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 ①delay doing sth　　 推迟做某事 ②without (any) delay 毫不迟疑，立即 a delay of 耽搁…… ③delayed adj.延时的；延误的 (北京满分作文)All of them were amazed, and they wanted to have a try for themselves without delay. 他们非常惊讶，都毫不犹豫地想亲自尝试一下。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)When the delayed (delay) flight will depart depends on the weather. (2)He delayed telling (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment. (3)After a delay of two hours, the plane finally took off. [习作练笔]——同义替换 (4)At once, she jumped out of her car and ran to her father immediately (→ without any delay )． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$