Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 Ⅰ．用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子，并体会它们的语法特征。 1．(教材P26)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed (change) to suit American tastes． 2．(教材P26)When my family and I had just arrived (arrive) in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing． 3．(教材P26)A Sichuan restaurant 　had been recommended　(recommend) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it． 4．(教材P26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten (eat)． Ⅱ．根据以上例句填空。 以上所填动词的时态皆为 过去完成时 ；其中例句2、4为 主动 语态；例句1、3为 被动 语态。 一、过去完成时的构成 种　类 构　成 例　句 肯定句 主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他成分． ►I had finished my homework before I had supper．我在吃晚饭前就完成了家庭作业。 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他成分． ►The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war．这个国家尚未从战争的影响中恢复过来。 一般 疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had．否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't． ►—Had you visited the museum before? ——你以前参观过这个博物馆吗？ ►—Yes, I had．/No, I hadn't． ——是的，我去过。/不，我没有去过。 特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？ ►What had you prepared for the birthday party before yesterday？你昨天之前都为生日聚会准备了什么？ 二、过去完成时的用法 1．过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时刻常用by, before, until等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 ►By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work．到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。 ►She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to junior middle school．在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。 2．表示过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常与由for 或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 ►I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came．当一辆公共汽车最终来了的时候，我已在公交车站等了30分钟。 ►He said great changes had taken place in his hometown since 2016．他说自2016年以来他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 3．want, hope, mean, plan, intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……”。 ►I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train． 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。 ►We had intended to come and see you． 我们本来打算来看你的。 [即时训练1]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)(2023·北京)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit． (2)(2022·6月天津)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school had canceled (cancel) the party． (3)(2021·3月天津改编)One thing I 　had developed　(develop) an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college． (4)I had meant (mean) to see you off, but I was delayed by the jam． 三、过去完成时的常用固定句型 1．在“hardly…when/no sooner…than/scarcely…when”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 ►No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain．我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ►Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him． 他一开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 2．It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) ►It was at least three months since I had left Beijing．我离开北京至少有3个月了。 3．It/This/That was the first/second/…time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时) ►It was the first time that I had chatted online in English．那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 4．与“by…” “by the end of…” “by the time…”等连用。 ►By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone． 我到车站时，火车已经离开了。 [即时训练2]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)Hardly had we left the house when it began to rain． (2)It was the first time that I had been (be) to Shanghai． (3)By the end of that year, Henry had collected (collect) more than a thousand postcards． (4)It was two years since I had dined (dine) with her．Cherish the memory of those days in Paris． 四、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被动形式，且主语是动作的承受者。 ►I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident．我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。 ►How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁了？ [即时训练3]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't been invented (not invent) yet． (2)It had been known (know) for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature． (3)(2022·北京)He had been dropped (drop) off at school late and was unable to open the door． [提示] (1)正确运用过去完成时的关键是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对的时间，即它是相对于一个过去的时间而言的。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过时间状语体现出来，有时则可能是通过上下文来体现。 (2)命题人通常会设置一个过去的背景或过去的动作，在此之前又有一个动作发生，结合题干中的语境来判断两个过去的动作发生的时间先后顺序，较早发生的那个动作用过去完成时。 (3)解题时要认真分析语境，深入情境，揣摩动作发生的顺序；重视题干所给暗示，如时间副词、并列成分或从属连词等；善于运用时态对应规律找到提示性的过去的动作或时间。 (4)浏览题干，套用固定句型来巧解考查过去完成时的题目。 Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．We had learned (learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term． 2．By the time Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother had been sent (send) to hospital． 3．By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed (kill)． 4．She asked me whether I had returned (return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't． 5．Just as I got to the school gate, I suddenly realized I had left (leave) my book in the café． 6．Rescue workers risked their lives saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days． 7．That was the first time that I had been caught (catch) in a sandstorm in Dubai and I don't want to be in one again． 8．It was five years since the scientist had set (set) out to research the valuable chemical． Ⅱ．语法与写作 1．我刚到家，就拿出手提箱，把我的必需品，包括一些衣服和食物装进去。(hardly…when…) Hardly had I got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it, including some clothes and food． 2．周日晚上，我和父母分享了这段有意义的经历，他们称赞了我的所作所为。(what) On Sunday night, I shared this meaningful experience with my parents and they praised me for what I had done ． 3．由于大雨，所有的航班都被取消了，乘客们不得不改乘火车。(cancel) All the flights had been cancelled because of the heavy rain, so all the passengers had to take the train． 4．他们原打算帮我们，但未及时赶到这里。 They had planned to help us but could not get here in time． 5．这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 It was the third time that he had made the same mistake ． Ⅲ．用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 I am Li Fan, Chairman of the Students' Union．I 1． am writing (write) to draw your attention to some improper behaviour on our campus：littering and scribbling．It 2．　has been making　(make) our school dirty and unpleasant．I always 3． feel (feel) ashamed whenever I 4． see (see) this．It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about．Last week, the Students' Union 5． held (hold) a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems．We 6． were having (have) a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us．After the meeting, the headmaster said that the school 7． had made (make) efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins 8． would be placed (place) around．Recently, the Students' Union 9． has set (set) up specific rules against such behaviour．At the same time, all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves．We believe that with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school 10． will become (become) a more enjoyable place in the near future． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$