Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习名词性从句 Ⅰ．用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子，并体会它们的语法特征。 1．(教材P14)Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too． 2．(教材P14) The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 3．(教材P15)At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks． 4．(教材P15) What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her． Ⅱ．根据以上例句填空。 1．句1和句2中的空引导的皆为 宾语从句 。 2．句3中第一个空引导的为 同位语从句 ；第二个空引导的为 主语从句 ；第三个空引导的为 表语从句 。 3．句4的空引导的为 主语从句 。 一、名词性从句综述 1．定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，可以作为一个整体看待，其作用就相当于一个名词。 2．类别：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。 3．连接词： 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why等，在从句中作状语 从属连词 that, whether, if等，在从句中不作成分 4．特点：名词性从句要用陈述语序，即：连接词＋主语＋谓语。 ►That we need more equipment is obvious． 显然，我们需要更多的设备。 ►I wonder if you can help me． 不知您是否能帮我的忙。 二、主语从句 在主从句复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，一般置于句首。 (一)that引导的主语从句 1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但一般不可省略。 ►That the heavy haze is doing harm to our health is quite apparent． 很明显，雾霾正在危害我们的健康。 2．that引导主语从句时，可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种： ①It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句 ②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)＋that从句 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, announced, remembered, thought, considered, well-known, ordered等)＋that从句 ④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句 ►It is unlikely that I should accept such an offer as that．我不可能接受像那样的帮助。 ►It's no wonder that he didn't want to go． 难怪他不想去。 ►It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday． 已经确定了，会议推迟到下周一。 ►It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone． 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。 [提示] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required…＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)＋动词原形”。 ►To master English, it is suggested that you (should) practice with local people． 为了掌握英语，建议你和当地人一起练习。 (二)whether与if引导的主语从句 whether与if引导主语从句时，在句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。 whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语，此时可与whether互换。 ►Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided． 他们是否会推迟会议还没有决定下来。 ►It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening． 他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。 (三)wh-类连接词引导的主语从句 1．连接代词(who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等)在从句中既起连接作用，又充当主语、宾语、表语或定语成分。连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however)在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因、方式。有时也可用it作形式主语。 ►Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear． 昨天是谁打破了玻璃杯还不清楚。 ►How life exists on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists．对科学家们来说，生命在地球上是如何存在的是最大的谜之一。 ►It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting．由谁来主持会议还没有决定。 [提示] 主语从句如果是用连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的，表示的是一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it作形式主语。 ►Whatever was said here has left us much to think．这里所说的一切都让我们深思。 ►Whoever comes will be welcome．谁来都欢迎。 2．what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循意义一致原则。 ►What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag． 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。 ►What the kid wanted were some new books．那个孩子想要的是一些新书。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1) When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather． (2) What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son． (3)It doesn't matter whether/if you pay by cash or credit card in this store． (4)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office． (5)The headmaster said whoever broke the rules would be punished． 三、宾语从句 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。 ►They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next．他们回头看了看，脸上毫无表情，猜不出来他们接下来要说什么。 ►I'm pleased that all of your family will come．我很高兴你们全家都会来。 (一)that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略： 1．当that从句作介词的宾语时。 ►I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds． 我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。 2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。 ►He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon． 他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。 3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。 一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。 ►He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed． 他明确地表示会议不会被推迟。 (二)whether与if引导的宾语从句 whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和whether可以互换，在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if： 1．宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在whether后时，只能用whether。 ►I don't know whether or not the report is true． 我不知道这则报道是否真实。 2．介词后的宾语从句要用whether。 ►It depends on whether we have enough time． 这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。 (三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。 ►We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star．我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那位电影明星合影。 (四)宾语从句的注意事项 1．宾语从句的否定转移 英语中表达观点、信念及推测等心理活动的主从复合句式，在表示“认为……不”等带有否定的宾语从句时，常需要进行否定的转移，即主句中的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定式，从而构成“主句否定形式，从句否定意义”。可用于这种结构的动词有think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, expect等。 ►I don't think that he is a good child． 我认为他不是好孩子。 ►I don't believe that he can work out the problem． 我相信他不会做这道题。 2．宾语从句的语气 在动词suggest, advise, recommend, insist, order, command, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”。 ►The manager demands that everyone (should) go to work on time every day． 经理要求每人每天要按时上班。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals． (2)When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at what I saw． (3)I'm not certain whether/if the train will arrive on time． (4)I believe you have already done your best and that things will improve． (5)I recommend (that) we (should) try (try) our best to practice speaking English every day． 四、同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。 ►The news that he was in trouble made me worried． 他陷入困境的消息让我担心。 ►I made a promise that I would make great progress in my English． 我承诺我将在英语方面取得巨大进步。 (一)同位语从句的连接词 常用的连接词有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不连接同位语从句。that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。同位语从句的引导词一般都不省略。 ►There is some doubt whether John will come on time．有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。 ►The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again． 在会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。 ►I have a question where I can get an application form．我有一个问题：我从哪里获得申请表。 (二)同位语从句的注意事项 1．同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)从意义上看，同位语从句是对一个名词的具体内容加以解释说明；定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定。 (2)从结构上看，that引导同位语从句时，不作成分；that引导定语从句时作成分。 ►The news that our team has won the game is true．我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。) ►The news that he told me yesterday was true．昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，关系代词that指代news，在从句中作told的宾语。) 2．同位语从句的语气 名词suggestion, advice, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 ►The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary．每个人都应努力来使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。 [即时训练3]——单句语法填空 (1)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant．There is too much work to do． (2)There is no doubt that it is of great help to their study and future life． (3)The command that the injured (should) be sent (send) to the hospital without delay proved wise． (4)We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation． 五、表语从句 具体用法见UNIT 1 Ⅰ．用适当的连接词填空 1． What surprises me most is that he is too vain． 2． Where cars will be parked in the future is a question． 3． When we will have a picnic depends on the weather． 4．I have no idea when/where we will have a good rest． 5．It has not been decided who will attend the meeting． 6． That Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman unhappy． 7．It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter． 8．The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed． Ⅱ．语法与写作 1．在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。 What role he will play in the film hasn't been known． 2．除了有点粗心外，他是个好学生。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless ． 3．无论谁在考试中不及格都不允许回家。 Whoever fails in the exam shall not be allowed to go home． 4．我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是重要的。 We think it important that every citizen should have good manners． 5．他缺席的原因是他生病了。 The reason for his absence was that he was ill ． 6．他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school． 7．怎样能筹集到足够的钱，这个问题我们还没有解决。 We haven't yet settled the question how we can raise enough money ． 8．很多父母持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。 Many parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn't spend too much time online． Ⅲ．用适当的连接词完成短文 1． What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2． that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill．She has some doubts 3． whether/if she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar．Also, with the college entrance examination approaching, she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days．Maybe this is 4． why she becomes fatter these days, she thinks．5． How she could become slimmer and healthier has been her main task．So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions．But where she could get better suggestions and 6． who will give her better advice also puzzle her．It is her parents' suggestion 7． that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital．Professor Wang suggests 8． that she should keep a balanced diet first．She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and protein．What's more, if she wants to lose weight, she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day．Mary asked Professor Wang 9． when she should take exercise．Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon．That is 10． because she will have more time to do sports．It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now． (教材P16)I became more motivated, and I'm also a lot more ambitious now! 我变得更积极了，现在也更雄心勃勃了！ motivated　adj．积极的；主动的 ①motivatev．成为……的动机；激发；激励 motivate sb to do sth激励某人做某事 ②motivationn．动力；积极性；动机 motivation for (doing) sth(做)某事的动机 We need a dynamic team leader who can really motivate the members to work harder． 我们需要一个充满活力的团队领导者，他能真正激励团队成员更加努力地工作。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)We should motivate children to read (read) more books in their spare time． (2)Her motivation (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education． (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated (motivate) if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)(2022·6月天津应用文)The club activities help (to) motivate our interest (激发兴趣) in learning English and make our school life much more enjoyable． (教材P17)The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad． 这位顾问谈到在国外学习时要保持合理的期望。 expectation　n．期望；预期；期待 ①in (the) expectation of期待；期望；预计会有 meet/come to/live up to one's expectations不负某人所望 beyond (one's) expectations出乎(某人)意料(好于预期) contrary to expectations与预期相反 ②expectv．期待；期望；预计 expect (sb) to do sth期待(某人)做某事 ③expectedadj．预料的；预期的 We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you．我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Contrary to our expectation, the experiment turned out to be a complete success． (2)Some parents in China often have unrealistic expectations (expect) of their children． (3)I expected to engage (engage) in more outdoor activities to build up my body． (4)(2023·6月天津)His father's flight was unexpectedly (expect) canceled, forcing him to fly alone． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)正如所预料的那样，Bernard没有顺利地卖掉爆米花，这使他非常沮丧。 As had been expected , Bernard didn't sell his popcorn smoothly, which made him quite frustrated． (教材P17)Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world．接触另一种文化和当地的人可以让交换生对世界有深刻的了解。 exposure　n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露 expose vt．使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) expose…to… 使……暴露于……； 使……遭受…… be exposed to 暴露于；接触 ①(以文助写)When exposed to a totally different culture, we should be open-minded and try to understand and appreciate it． 当接触到一种完全不同的文化时，我们应该持开放态度并尽力理解和欣赏它。 ②The film has been exposed． 这个胶卷已经曝光了。 [提示] 及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Visiting other countries can provide access to different cultures．In turn, being exposed/exposure (expose) to different cultures will encourage one's creativity． [习作练笔]——补全句子/句式升级 (2)去国外旅行会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。 Traveling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures． (3)Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day． → If exposed to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf．(省略句) → Being exposed to very loud music every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf．(动名词作主语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$