Unit 1 课时作业(1)阅读专项(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

课时作业(一)　阅读专项 (建议用时：35分钟) Ⅰ．第一节 Nobel Prizes for medicine, physics, chemistry, economy, literature as well as peace work are awarded every October, each recognizing an individual's or organization's remarkable contribution in a specific field．Here is a quick guide of this year's winners． Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman The two scientists contributed to the amazing rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times． Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier The trio(三人) are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons, making it possible for us to understand and control how electrons behave in a material． Narges Mohammadi The Iranian activist is awarded for her fight against the suffering of women in Iran and her fight to promote women's rights and freedom． Moungi G．Bawendi, Louis E．Brus and Alexei I．Ekimov Awarded for their development of quantum(量子) dots, the three chemists really take people's breath away．These tiny particles(粒子) can promote chemical reactions and their clear light can help doctors find harmful tissue in a patient's body． Jon Fosse The Norwegian playwriter touches on the deepest feelings that people have—anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death—such things that every human being actually encounters． Claudia Goldin The Harvard professor helped us understand gender differences in the labor market and advanced our understanding of women's labor market outcomes． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本文为应用文，介绍了几位2023年诺贝尔奖获奖者的事迹。 1．Who wins Nobel Prize in Physics? A．Jon Fosse．　　　　 B．Louis E．Brus． C．Ferenc Krausz． D．Drew Weissman． 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier部分内容可知，这三位获奖者研究电子，由此可推知，他们获得诺贝尔物理奖，故选C项。 2．What do Narges Mohammadi and Claudia Goldin have in common? A．They speak up for women． B．They support workers' rights． C．They provide job opportunities． D．They promote economy development． 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Narges Mohammadi和Claudia Goldin部分内容可知，他们二人的共同之处是他们都为女性发声，故选A项。 3．Where is the text most probably from? A．A brochure． B．A medical report． C．A newspaper． D．A science fiction． 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段可知，本文介绍了2023年的六位诺贝尔奖获奖者，由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一份报纸，故选C项。 The year 2023 marks the 102th anniversary of Noether's ring theory, a branch of theoretical mathematics that is still fascinating and challenging numerous mathematicians today． Noether was born in 1882 in Germany, whose father was a math professor, but it must have seemed unlikely to a young Noether that she would follow in his footsteps because women were banned from academia and few took classes at universities．After Noether graduated from a high school for girls, Erlangen University started to let women enroll．She signed up and earned her doctorate in mathematics, which should have been the end of her mathematical journey．Teaching at a university for women was still out of the question．But Noether stuck with mathematics anyway, staying in Erlangen and unofficially guiding doctoral students without pay． In 1915, she applied for a position at the University of Göttingen．Bill Nicholl, the dean at the university, also a mathematician, was in favor of hiring Noether, although his argument was far from feminist(女权主义)．“The female brain is unsuitable for mathematical production，” he wrote, “but Noether stood out as one of the rare exceptions．” Unfortunately for Noether，the Ministry of Education would not give the university permission to have a woman as their teacher．Noether stayed in Göttingen and taught courses listed under the name of a male faculty teacher．During those years, she kept doing research and made important contributions to theoretical physics and Einstein's theory of relativity．The university finally granted her lecturer status．Two years later, Noether published revolutionary discoveries in ring theory, which is the study of mathematical objects called rings．Noetherian rings show up all the time in modern mathematics．Mathematicians still use Noether's map today, not just in ring theory, but in other area such as number theory and algebraic geometry． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本文为记叙文，讲述了Noether为数学作出的开拓性的贡献。 4．What do we learn about Noether from Paragraph 2? A．She taught at university as a teacher． B．She earned a degree in mathematics． C．She was taught by her father at home． D．She quit her mathematical journey early． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，Noether获得了数学博士学位，故选B项。 5．What can we infer from Bill Nicholl's words? A．He was struggling for feminist． B．Females' brains differed from males'． C．Noether was a giant in mathematics． D．Women mathematicians were superb． 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，Noether是天生的数学大师人物，故选C项。 6．What do we know about Noether's ring theory? A．It is still used by mathematicians today． B．It opens up a new field in modern physics． C．It is based on Einstein's theory of relativity． D．It lays the foundation for modern mathematics． 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，环论在今天依然为数学家所利用，故选A项。 7．Which of the following can best describe Noether? A．Gifted and generous． B．Sensitive and determined． C．Committed and creative． D．Hard-working and honest． 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第三至五句可知，Noether是坚定的且有创意的人，故选C项。 More American businesses are starting to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools to come up with new ideas and to deal with customers． Mattel is known for making children's toys．The company recently used an AI image generator(生成器) called DALL-E to come up with ideas for new Hot Wheels toy cars．The used vehicle seller CarMax is using ChatGPT to gather thousands of customer comments．The social media service Snapchat has added a chatbot(聊天机器人) to its messaging service．And Instacart, a delivery service, now uses ChatGPT to answer food questions．Even the Coca-Cola company plans to use AI to help create new marketing content．It has not said exactly how it plans to use the technology．But the move shows that businesses are under pressure to use the tools that many of their employees and customers are already trying on their own． Some experts warn that businesses should carefully consider possible harms to customers, society, and their own companies before choosing to use AI tools in the workplace．Chaire Leibowicz works at the Partnership on AI, a nonprofit group．The group recently released recommendations for companies producing AI-generated images, audio and other media．“I want people to think deeply before deploying this technology，” Leibowicz said．“They should play around…but we should also think, what purpose are these tools serving in the first place？” While text generators like ChatGPT can make the process of writing emails and marketing documents faster and easier, they also appear to present misinformation as facts．And image generators like DALL-E are trained in copying widely available digital art and photography．This has raised copyright(版权) concerns from the creators of those works． “It is safer to use AI tools as a ‘thought partner’， but still people as the creator of final products，” said Anna Gressel．She works at the law company Debevoise & Plimpton, which advises businesses on how to use AI． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/科学与技术。本文为说明文，主要介绍了人工智能工具在美国的流行使用及社会各界对此现象的观点与看法。 8．Which company made creative products with AI tools' help? A．Instacart．　　　　　　 B．Mattel． C．CarMax． D．Snapchat． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知， 儿童玩具公司Mattel最近利用人工智能图片生成器DALL-E为新的风火轮玩具车提供创意， 也就是说， 该玩具公司在人工智能的帮助下生产出富有创意的产品，故选B项。 9．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．People rely too much on technology in their daily life． B．AI tools are widely used to help businesses grow． C．AI tools have an effect on improving business conditions． D．Customers are more and more connected online． 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。第二段介绍了Mattel, CarMax, Instacart，甚至可口可乐等公司都纷纷利用人工智能工具提供创意或服务顾客，从而提升公司竞争力的情况，由此推知，人工智能工具被广泛应用， 助推企业发展，故选B项。 10．What does the underlined word “deploying” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Presenting confidently． B．Promoting successfully． C．Debating publicly． D．Applying effectively． 答案　D 解析　词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句及画线词所在句可知，专家与Leibowicz都是在针对人工智能技术的利用提建议。由此推知，画线单词deploying意为“有效利用”，故选D项。 11．What can we learn from Anna Gressel's words? A．AI tools should just be humans' assistants． B．The use of AI tools should be forbidden． C．A business should partner with a law company． D．Copyright concerns are unnecessary． 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Anna Gressel的话旨在说明人类应该是技术的主宰者，是最终产品的创造者，技术只是帮助人类的“思想伙伴”而已。所以人工智能工具只是人类的助手，故选A项。 What a Scientist Is Like If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind？The common idea that most kids from kindergarten through college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and several glass cups of mysterious colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke．As for adults, the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory．However, the reality is quite different． Recently I've had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica．It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America．It is home to more than 500,000 species, which are at present nearly 4% of the total species worldwide! First we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) rescue centre．We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out．After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes．During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest．After reaching the top, we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below！On the last day we got a hands-on introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station． During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn't mean working in a lab all day and night．A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping preserve wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets．I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals．Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring! 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/科学与技术。本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历向人们展示科学家到底是什么样子，以此鼓励孩子们学习科学。 12．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Scientists are often believed to work as slaves． B．Scientists are often believed to behave in a strange way． C．Scientists are often believed to spend too much time in labs． D．Scientists are often believed to do experiments in messy labs． 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，人们通常认为科学家大多数时间都在实验室做实验，故选C项。 13．How did the author help to preserve the turtle populations? A．By creating a safe nest for turtles． B．By picking up rubbish from the shoreline． C．By collecting the turtle eggs on the beach． D．By finding a comfortable environment for turtles． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者是通过清除海岸上的垃圾为海龟蛋的孵化创造安全环境的方式来帮助海龟的，故选B项。 14．What does the author learn about science from his experience? A．Science is full of boring experiments． B．Science is more than working in a lab． C．Science is related to mysterious liquids． D．Science is about wildlife and earthquakes． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据末段第一、二句可知，作者通过这次经历，了解到科学并不仅仅意味着在实验室工作，故选B项。 15．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To encourage kids to study science． B．To tell the story of traveling in Costa Rica． C．To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica． D．To share the secrets behind scientific phenomena． 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据末段最后两句可推知，作者写此文的目的是鼓励孩子们学习科学，真正了解科学，故选A项。 Ⅱ．第二节 Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking “The greatest scientists are artists as well，” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist． For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics．　1　 “All great achievements of science must start from intuitive(直觉的) knowledge．Imagination is more important than knowledge．” 　2　 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed．If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science．If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art．　3　 That's why he said that great scientists were also artists． 　4　 “If I were not a physicist，” he once said, “I would probably be a musician．I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music．I get most joy in life out of music．” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial(空间的) and structural aspects．“The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition，” said Einstein．“My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six．　5　” A．But how did art differ from science for Einstein? B．Instead, it came from intuition(直觉) and inspiration． C．My new discovery is the result of musical insight． D．There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then． E．Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically． F．Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music． G．For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/科学精神。本文为说明文，主要介绍了爱因斯坦关于创造性思维的观点。 1．答案　B 解析　顺承关系。根据上下文可知，空处顺接上文，说明爱因斯坦认为洞察力应来自于直觉，B项符合语境，故选B项。 2．答案　A 解析　递进关系。空处引出了下文关于艺术和科学的区别的论述。A项中的art differ from science和下文的whether something was art or science相呼应，A项正好引出本段的主题，故选A项。 3．解析　E　因果关系。E项中的worked intuitively and expressed himself logically和空前一句相呼应，表明爱因斯坦本人凭直觉工作，用逻辑表达自己，也是下文他被称为伟大的科学家也是艺术家的原因，故选E项。 4．解析　F　总分关系。根据下文可知，音乐对爱因斯坦帮助很大。F项(爱因斯坦的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐)适合做本段的主旨句，故选F项。 5．答案　C 解析　承接关系。空前一句说明音乐对他的工作产生的积极影响，空处承接上文，说明了爱因斯坦是靠音乐有了新发现。C项(我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果)符合语境，故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$