Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案 Section Learning About Language 语法慧学提升语言能力 答案精解P 过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 探究发现 类 构成 例句 The country had not yet 主语十had十 I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中 recovered from the effects of 否定句 not十过去分 的句子，并体会它们的语法特征 the war.这个国家尚未从战 词十其他成分， 争的影响中恢复过来。 l.(教材Pa)Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, Had+主语+ Had you visited the 过去分词十其 museum before? with Chinese food that (change) 他成分？ 你以前参观过这个博 一般 to suit American tastes. 肯定回答：Yes, 物馆吗？ 疑问句 主语十had,否 -Yes.I had,/No.I hadn't. 2.(教材Ps)When my family and I 定回答：No,主 是的，我去过，不，我 (arrive)in China,we went looking for a good 语+hadn't 没有去过 place to eat in Beijing. 特殊疑问词十 What had you prepared 3.(教材Ps)A Sichuan restaurant 特殊 had十主语十过 for the birthday party before (recommend)to us by a friend,and finally, 疑问句 去分词十其他 yesterday?你昨天之前都 成分？ 为生日聚会准备了什么？ we found it. 二、过去完成时的用法 4.(教材Ps)Tired,hungry,and not knowing a 1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作 word of Chinese,we had no idea how to 之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。 order,so the chef just began filling our table 表示的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时刻 with the best food we (eat). 常用by,before,until等引导的短语或时间状 Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动 以上所填动词的时态皆为 :其中例 作或上下文来表示。 句2、4为 语态：例句1、3为 By nine o'clock last night,we had finished 语态。 most of the work.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完 成了大部分的工作。 要义详析 >>》 She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to junior middle school.在上 一、过去完成时的构成 初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。 种 类 构成 例句 2.表示过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的 主语+had+过 I had finished my homework 状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下 肯定句 去分词十其他 before】had supper..我在吃 去，常与由for或since引导的表示一段时间的 成分. 晚饭前就完成了家庭作业。 短语或从句连用。 44 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes 2.It was十一段时间+since从句（从句用过去完 when a bus finally came.当一辆公共汽车最终 成时) 来了的时候，我已在公交车站等了30分钟。 It was at least three months since I had left He said great changes had taken place in his Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 hometown since2016.他说自2016年以来他 3.It/This/That was the first/second/...time+ 的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 that从句（从句用过去完成时） 3.want,hope,mean,plan,intend等动词的过 It was the first time that I had chatted online 去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、 in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 希望、打算或意图，意为“本来…”。 4.与“by.”“by the end of”“by the time.” I had hoped to be back last night,but I 等连用。 didn't catch the train. By the time I got to the station,the train 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。 had already gone. We had intended to come and see you. 我到车站时，火车已经离开了。 我们本来打算来看你的。 [即时训练2]一用所给词的适当形式填空 [即时训练1]一用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)Hardly we left the house when (1)(2o23·北京)I turned up at the appointed it began to rain. hour for a dinner,only to find that no other (2)It was the first time that I (be) guest (arrive)and my hostess to Shanghai. was still in her sleeping suit. (3)By the end of that year,Henry (2)(2o22·6月天津)The children failed to hide (collect)more than a thousand postcards. their disappointment when they found out (4)It was two years since I (dine) the school (cancel)the party. with her.Cherish the memory of those days (3)(2021·3月天津改编)One thing I in Paris. (develop)an interest in was sewing,so I 四、过去完成时的被动语态 took a sewing course at a community college. 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被 (4)1 (mean)to see you off,but I 动形式，且主语是动作的承受者。 was delayed by the jam. I received the sad news that he had been killed 三，过去完成时的常用固定句型 in a motorcycle accident..我得知了这个不幸的消 l.在“hardly…when/no sooner...than/scarcely 息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。 when”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般 How many buildings had been destroyed when 过去时。 the earthquake ended? No sooner had I arrived home than it began 地震结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁了？ to rain..我刚到家就开始下雨了。 [即时训练3]一用所给词的适当形式填空 Hardly had he begun to speak when the (1)In the 1950s in the USA,most families had audience interrupted him. just one phone at home,and wireless phones 他一开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 (not invent)yet. ·45 英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案 (2)t (know)for a long time that 7.That was the first time that I Yellowstone was volcanic in nature. (catch)in a sandstorm in Dubai and I don't (3)(2022·北京)He (drop)off at want to be in one again. school late and was unable to open the door. 8.It was five years since the scientist [提示](1)正确运用过去完成时的关健是要正确 (set)out to research the valuable chemical. 理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对 Ⅱ.语法与写作 的时间，即它是相对于一个过去的时间而言的。 1,我刚到家，就拿出手提箱，把我的必需品，包括 这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过时间状语体 -些衣服和食物装进去。(hardly…when.) 现出来，有时则可能是通过上下文来体现。 I took out my (2)命题人通常会设置一个过去的背景或过去的 suitcase and packed my necessities into it, 动作，在此之前又有一个动作发生，结合题干中 including some clothes and food. 的语境来判断两个过去的动作发生的时间先后 2.周日晚上，我和父母分享了这段有意义的经 顺序，较早发生的那个动作用过去完成时。 历，他们称赞了我的所作所为。(what) (3)解题时要认真分析语境，深入情境，描摩动作 On Sunday night,I shared this meaningful 发生的顺序：重视题干所给暗示，如时间副词、并 experience with my parents and they praised me for 列成分或从属连词等：善于运用时态对应规律找 3.由于大雨，所有的航班都被取消了，乘客们不 到提示性的过去的动作或时间。 得不改乘火车。(cancel) (4)浏览题干，套用固定句型来巧解考查过去完 because 成时的题目。 of the heavy rain,so all the passengers had to 跟踪检测 take the train. 4.他们原打算帮我们，但未及时赶到这里。 【,用所给动词的适当形式填空 They but 1.We (learn)over two thousand could not get here in time. English words by the end of last term. 5.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 2.By the time Li Ming hurried home,he found It was the third time that he that his mother (send)to hospital. 3.By the time the tornado ended,more than 700 Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 people (kill). I am Li Fan,Chairman of the Students' 4.She asked me whether I return) Union.I 1. write)to draw your the books to the library,and I admitted that I attention to some improper behaviour on our hadn't. campus:littering and scribbling.It 2. 5.Just as I got to the school gate,I suddenly make)our school dirty and unpleasant.I always realized I (leave)my book in 3 (feel)ashamed whenever I the cafe. (see)this.It is clearly not 6.Rescue workers risked their lives saving two appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. tourists who (trap)in the mountains Last week.the Students'Union 5. for two days. (hold)a meeting to seek some solutions to these 46 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE problems.We 6. have)a heated such behaviour.At the same time,all of us discussion when our headmaster came and joined should develop good habits and better behave us.After the meeting,the headmaster said that ourselves.We believe that with the joint efforts the school 7. (make)efforts to improve of both teachers and students,our school this situation and more dustbins 8. 10. (become)a more enjoyable place (place)around.Recently,the Students'Union in the near future. 9. (set)up specific rules against 友情提示完成Ps课时作业（八） SectionⅢ Using Language 请完成Pm默写练习（六），教材原文助读见分册本 课文研读发展思维品质 答案精解Pa I.Read the texts on Pe and then choose the best answer. In our daily life,we get much of the extra 1.According to the passage,what is the biggest sugar from sweets and sweet drinks.For instance, killer of heart? the average American gets 1/3 of his or her A.Fatty food. sugar through sweet drinks alone.Too much B.Too much sugar. sugar is threatening our health.4. C.Fruit and vegetables. (live)a healthy life,we have to cut down on D.Animals'meat. desserts and sweet drinks altogether. 2.What diet should we eat if we want to keep healthy? Apart from that,it is necessary to consume A.Sugar and fat. B.Dairy products. different 5. (category)of fresh foods, C.A balanced diet. D.Processed foods. especially fruit and vegetables,because they are 3.What is the main purpose of the passage? full of vitamins and fibre.Meanwhile,6. A.To introduce a new diet to people. is also important to have some meat,beans,or B.To analyse the composition of food. dairy products in our diet,as they provide the C.To explain the effect of sweet on health. necessary protein for strong bones and muscle D.To tell readers what is a healthy diet. 7 (grow).In other words,we should 4.Where is this text most likely from? have a 8. (balance)diet. A.A novel. B.A guidebook. Last but not the least,we should eat C.A diary. D.A magazine. slowly.9. (eat)slowly also allows Ⅱ.课文语法填空 our body to digest our food better,and will There are different opinions about 1. allow us to enjoy our food more.When we chew makes up a healthy diet.Some scientists have too quickly,it results in eating too much food insisted that fatty food does harm to health. and gaining weight.which is harmful to health. 2. more evidence has been found To be on the road 10. good that the real enemy of health is sugar,which health,we must hold a healthy attitude towards 3. (consider)as a killer. food and develop good eating habits. ·472.主语：后置定：食物是美味的、不同的，但更重要的是给我们 的友谊。 SectionI Using Language 3.定语：主语：饺子已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴， 课文研读·发展思维品质 在那里包饺子一直是一项家庭活动，从孩子到老人，大家都 I.1~4 BCDD 会加入进来帮忙。 Ⅱ.1.what考查引导词。1. makes up a healthy diet l,l.had had考查时态。根据句中的时间状语从句Before I 作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少主语，故用what引导宾 came to China可知，空处所表示的动作发生在came之 语从句。 前，因此用过去完成时 2.However考查副词。空前表明“一些科学家坚称高脂食物 2.which考查引导词。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先 对健康有害”。空后则表明“更多的证据表明健康的真正敌 行词a Sichuan restaurant:从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。 人是糖”，故用表示转折关系的副词。 3.entirely考查词性转换。用副词作状语修饰形容词new. 3.is considered考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是which引 4.served考查非谓语动词.动词serve与boiled dumplings之 导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sugar,consider与 间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。 sug之间是动宾关系：再联系上下文时态可知此处应用一 5.making考查非谓语动词。所填词作主语，因此用以-ig形式。 般现在时，主语which,指代单数，故填is considered. 6.with考查介词。stuff…with…用…填满…。此处为过 4.To live考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式短语作目的状语. 去分词短语作后置定语。 5.categories考查名词的数。category意为“种类，类别”时，为 7.traditional考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰foos,应用形容词。 可数名词，再根据其前的different可知，此处应用复数形式， 8.s考查代词.空处作took的宾语，故填we的宾格形式us. 6.it考查代词。to have some meat,beans,.or dairy products 9.dishes考查名词的数。根据上文可知，作者去了中国的很多 in our diet为真正的主语，故空处应填形式主语it。 地方，所以吃的地方菜不止一样，dish意为“一道菜，菜肴”时， 7.growth考查词性转换。根据and可知，所填词与bones作 是可数名词，故填dishes 并列成分，故用名词growth。 l0.kindness考查词性转换。根据and前面的friendship可知， 8.balanced考查词性转换。a balanced diet表示“均衡饮食”， 空处应填名词，表示“和蔼，善良”，为不可数名词，故填kindness。. balanced在此作形容词，意为“均衡的”。 语基输入·助力语言输出 9.ating考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作主语，应用u.ing 1.(1)will get (2)and (3)or 形式，注意首字母大写，故填Eating。 (4)①Give me a chance②If you give me a chance 10.to考查介词。on the road to在…的道路上 2.(1)going (2)priority (3)three years senior to me 语基输入·助力语言输出 (4)prior to their departure 1.(1)as (2)what 3.(1)in (2)consistent (3)①three times as big as②twice bigger than (3)①consists of②is made up of③make up 3three times the size of 4.(1)relaxed (2)shocked:frightened 2.(1)association (2)with (3)①was tired out②tired out (3)which'that are associated with smoking 5.(1)to (2)at a minimum (3)consumers (4)consumption 3.(1)With,In (2)In spite of/Despite (5)烧毁(6)he was consumed (3)Regardless of any difficulty (7)It is the first time that Mary has consumed 4.(1)然而：可是(2)虽然(3)当…时候(4)只要 6.(1)go hand in hand (2)by hand (3)on the other hand (5)while we were playing 5.(1)cut in (2)cut off (3)cut up (4)cut out Section II Learning About Language (5)cutting down on waste 6.(1)are needed (2)has covered 语法慧学·提升语言能力 (3)has a large quantity of tourist attractions 探究发现 7.(1)on (2)into (3)tricks to becoming I.1.had been changed 2.had just arrived 8.(1)Up to now (2)up to date (3)up to three books a day 3.had been recommended 4.had ever eaten (4)It's up to you to decide whether Ⅱ.过去完成时：主动：被动 要义详析 Section V Writing-一写一篇关于健康饮食的 [即时训练] 描述性文章 1.(1)had arrived (2)had canceled (3)had developed 以读促写 (4)had meant [微写作] 2.(1)had (2)had been (3)had collected (4)had dined 1.(1)a hot debate 3.(1)hadn't been invented (2)had been known (2)regardless of their race or nationality (3)had been dropped 2.(1)which have been criticized for putting extra academic pressure 跟踪检测 on students 【,用所给动词的适当形式填空 (2)cut down on our gas consumption 1.had learned 2.had been sent 3.had been killed (3)rather than individuals 4.had returned 5.had left 6.had been trapped (4)it usually takes some time to fit in 7.had been caught 8.had set 3.It is up to you to pick Ⅱ，语法与写作 佳作构建 1.Hardly had I got home when 2.what I had done 第一步：审题谋篇 3.All the flights had been cancelled 1,健康饮食2.二 3.一般现在时 4.had planned to help us 5.had made the same mistake 第二步：由词扩句 Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 1.in no time 2.are harmful to 3.lose weight 1.am writing 2.has been making 3.feel 4.see 5.held 4.a popular form of 5.in the morning or after supper 6.were having 7.had made 8.would be placed 9.has set 6.keep a balanced diet 7.an effective way 10.will become 8.insist on exercising and keeping a balanced diet ·169·