Unit 1 单元语法：一般过去时、复合不定代词（精讲课件）-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（人教版）

人教版初中英语语法 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 八年级上册 人教版8年级上册（单元） 语法点 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? *一般过去时 * 复合不定代词 Unit 2 How often do you exercise? *频度副词 次数的表达 * How often… Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. *形容词副词的原级与比较级 Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? *形容词和副词的最高级 Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? * 动词不定式 Unit 6  I’m going to study computer science. * be going to 结构 *疑问副词 Unit 7 Will people have robots? * 一般将来时综合 Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? *祈使句 *可数名词与不可数名词 *序列副词 Unit 9 Can you come to my party? * 情态动词can 、might、would、must的用法 Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! *条件状语从句 2 CONTENTS 02 01 不定代词的用法 一般过去时 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 3 一般过去时 4 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 一般过去时使用的两种情形： 1.过去的动作或状态。 2.过去经常性或习惯性动作。 5 现在 将来 过去 过去 过去 将来 6 现在 过去 过去 过去 过去 过去 7 yesterday last year last week last weekend two months ago in those days in 2000 the day before yesterday 时间 标志 一般过去时的时间标志 8 主系表: 主语＋was/were+表语＋其他。 I was in Beijing last month. 我上个月在北京。 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语动词（过去式）＋宾语＋其他。 He watched TV till late at night. 他看电视直到深夜。 一般过去时的结构 9 主系表: 主语＋was/were+表语＋其他。 I was in Beijing last month. I was late yesterday. 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语动词（过去式）＋宾语＋其他。 He watched TV till late at night. I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. 一般过去时的用法 10 含有be动词的一般现在时变一般过去时, 把is和am改成was,把are改成were 一般过去时的动词变化-含有be动词的 主语+ was / were +表语 She is in Beijing. She was in Beijing . I am a student. I was a student. We are friends. We were friends. 11 一般过去时的动词变化-不含有be动词型 把句子中的动词改为过去式形式，通常有5种写法。 一般情况词尾加ed e结尾直接在词尾加d 辅音加y结尾变y为i加ed 重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母加ed 特殊情况 I work in this city. I worked in this city last year. They live in Shanghai . They lived in Shanghai last year. I study in Beijing. I studied in Beijing . she stops. she stopped. I go to school by bike every day. I went to school by bike yesterday. 12 用法口诀 记住哦! 动词一般过去时，be用was或用were, have, has变had，过去时间作标志； 一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 如果did谓语前，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是 was, were,否定要把not添。 13 写出下列动词的过去式： is — stop — make — are — drink — come — do — put — tell — go — cut — see — have — run — read — write — say — play — learn — buy — cry — study — swim — walk — was were did went had wrote learned studied stopped drank put cut ran said bought swam made came told saw read played cried walked 14 肯定式 一般疑问式 否定式 特殊疑问句 I worked… Did you work…? I did n‘t work… 疑问词+ did you…? Yes, I did. He /she/it worked… Did he /she/it work…? He /she/it did n‘t work… 疑问词+did he/she/it …? No, he/she/it didn’t. We worked… Did you work…? We did n‘t work… 疑问词+ did you…? Yes, I did. You worked… Did you work…? You did n‘t work… 疑问词+ did you…? No, I didn’t. They worked… Did they work…? They did n‘t work… 疑问词+ did they…? Yes, they did. 一般过去时的构成形式 15 课本练一练 动词过去时形式有两种，分清有be还是无be。有be要牢记was和were，变否定，be后not；变疑问，be放句首。无be，实义动词变化有规律，不规则额外记；否定是didn‘t，疑问是did放句首，动原后面跟。 16 拓展练一练 1．The boy ____ short two years ago. Now he ____ tall. A．was; is B．is; is C．was; was 2．— ____ your mom in Lu zhou yesterday? —Yes. And she ____ still there now. A．Was; is B．Was; was C．Is; is D．Is; was 3．Unluckily, she did her best but she ____ at last. A．fail B．fails C．failed D．failing 4．My brother walked to school ________. A．every day B．now C．yesterday A A C C C 17 复合不定代词的用法 18 不定代词是指不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。在本单元中，主要出现的不定代词为由some ,any, no ,every 加上－body,-one,-thing构成的复合不定代词。 19 主语 宾语 表语 复合不定代词的功能相当于名词，在句中可以做…… Is anybody absent? 有人缺席吗？ Did you buy anything there? 你在那买了什么东西吗？ He is something of a scholar. 他有点像学者。 20 21 由some和any构成的复合不定代词，如something, anything等的用法和some和any的用法一样。 1. 我想吃喝点东西。 I want _________to eat. 2.他什么都没做。 He didn't do __________. 3.你需要我从学校带点什么东西吗？ Do you need _________ from school? 4.班级里的人我一个都不认识。 I don't know ___________in the class. something anything anything anyone 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 some any thing something anything one someone anyone 22 注意！ 1.当some-复合不定代词可以用于疑问句， 表示请求，建议，反问等，问话者希望得 到肯定答复。 Do you want something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗？ Can I do something to help you? 我能帮你做些什么吗？ Is there someone who can speak French here? 这里有会说法语的人吗？ 23 2.any-复合不定代词用于肯定句表任何。 You can do anything you want to do.  你可以做你想做的任何事情。 You can take anything you like. 你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。 Anyone can learn to play a musical instrument with enough practice and dedication. 任何人都可以通过足够的练习和奉献学会演奏乐器。 注意！ 24 Someone knocked at the door. 有人轻轻叩门。‌ Is everything all right? 一切都正常吗？‌ Everybody's here. 人都到齐了 It tastes something like watermelon. 这吃起来有点像西瓜。 ‌Is there anything for me? 有东西给我吗？‌ There's nothing in this box. 在这个盒子里什么也没有。‌ There’s somebody there. 那边有人。‌ Is there anybody who can help me? 有人能帮我吗？ There is nobody to ask for. 没有人可以问。‌ Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齐了吗？‌ 读一读 25 课本练一练 anything everything anyone something nothing anything anything 26 课本练一练 anything everyone Everything nothing No one 27 拓展练一练 1．“It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is ____ but a wise leader.” A．anything B．anyone C．anybody D．anywhere 2．We will have a sports meet in November, but ___ knows the date for sure. A．nobody B．somebody C．everybody 3．We should do ___ we can to protect the environment. A．everything B．something C．anything 4．— Where is my umbrella? I put it here just now. — Maybe ___ took it by mistake. A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody A A A C 28 THE END 29 $$