专题01 语法选择(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年职教高考英语二轮复习专项突破(江苏专用)

2024-09-23
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学段 中职
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 中职复习-二轮专题
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 江苏省
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2024-09-23
更新时间 2024-10-30
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品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2024-09-23
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01语法选择 【考纲解读】 在江苏省职教高考英语试题中,语法的考查以单项选择的形式出现,即在一个完整的句子中有一个或两个空白处,提供A、B、C、D四个选项,要求考生从四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。本部分主要考查考生对已学语法知识的运用能力,具有较强的综合性和较宽的覆盖面。语法高频考点为非谓语动词、名词性从句、状语从句、时态和语态、定语从句,动词往往结合时态和语态进行考查,主谓一致、倒装句、强调句和反意疑问句均在考查范围内。 【考点精讲】 英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。在复习备考过程中,考生应当做到以下几点。 1. 牢记语法知识要点,掌握并灵活运用语法基础知识。 【例1】 He asked Mary ________.(  ) A. why did she feel unhappy B. why she felt unhappy C. why does she feel unhappy D. why she feels unhappy 【例2】 One of the girls in our class gave ________ opinion openly.(  ) A. one's B. her C. their D. his 3. 在具体语境中,排除选项中的干扰项,选择最佳答案。 【例3】 My grandma forgot ________ us the story and she told me once more.(  ) A. to tell B. telling C. to speak D. speaking 【冠词】易错点 1. 不定冠词 a和an都用于可数名词单数前,但两者用法有区别: 若随后的单词以辅音音素开头用a若随后的单词以元音音素开头用an *某些以元音字母开头的单词用a,因为其第一个音是/j/。如:a university,a European language。 *某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的"h"不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。 字母s,x,n,m,f等用an 如:there is an “s”in the word. *在序数词前表示“又一,再一”。如:I’ve tried three times. Let me try a fourth time. 2. 定冠词the A.在姓氏复数前,表一家人。The Whites 怀特一家 B.用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。play the piano 弹钢琴 C.用在世纪或"世纪+年代"名词前。in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 3. 不用冠词(零冠词) A.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词或疑问代词时(this, my, Tom’s, whose, some, no, each, every等),不用冠词。如: B.球类、棋类、学科、语言、娱乐运动、一日三餐前的名词前,不用冠词。 【代词】易错点 人称代词 人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主格 I(我) you (你) he(他) she(她) it(它) we(我们) you(你们) they (他们,她们,它们) 宾格 me(我) you (你) him(他) her(她) it(她) us(我们) you(你们) them (他们,她们,它们) *单数人称代词并列做主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称you→he/she/it→ I。如: You, he and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示: 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词 性 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (她的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) *形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如:Li Lei’s father is taller than mine. (mine=my father) 反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) *enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快;hurt oneself 伤着自己;teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学;(all) by oneself (完全)独立地;help oneself to请自便,随便吃……;look after oneself=take care of oneself自理,照顾自己;leave one by oneself 把……单独留下;lose oneself in 陶醉于,沉浸于;dress oneself 穿衣;make oneself at home不拘束,随便;wash oneself 洗澡。 指示代词易错点 this(these),that(those) *that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou *this 在电话用语中代表自己(我),that 则代表对方(你)。如:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 不定代词易错点 1.both, either与neither both 指“两者都”,表肯定。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 either 指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 neither 指“两者中没有一个”,表否定。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 2.a few, few, a little与little 肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词 a few一些,几个 few几乎没有 可数名词复数 a little一点儿 little几乎没有 不可数名词 3.other、the other、another、others与the others的用法辨析: ①other意为“其他的、别的”。 ②the other意为“两者中的另一个”。 ③another意为“另外的,再一,又一”,泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个。 ④others泛指“其他的/另外的人/物”(指大部分),常与some搭配构成“some...others...” ⑤the others表示特指某范围内的“其余的人/物”,(指全部) 4.复合不定代词somebody、something、anything、nothing、everything和everybody的用法辨析: *在句子中当单数使用 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面someone outside ,nothing much 5.none、no one、nobody的用法辨析 *no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人---通常以who提问 none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物 --通常以how many\much提问 6.it的用法 形式主语It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 形式宾语I find it difficult to learn English. // He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem. 【介词】 1.时间介词 at / in / on ★at表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。如:at 7:00;at noon;at midnight等。 ★in表示在一段时间里(如:某个世纪,季节,某年,某月,上午,下午,晚上等)(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)。如:in summer;in 2013;in three days;in May;in winter;in the morning;in the afternoon等。 ★on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。如:on Monday;on the morning of June 1st;on a cold day;on Monday;on July 1st;on Sunday morning 等。 2.表示地点、方位的介词 in / on / to+方位名词 ★in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China. // Beijing is in the north of China. ★to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:Japan lies to the east of China. ★on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:North Korea is on the east of China. 3.其他介词易错点 (1)across / through表示“通过,穿过”时的用法区别: ★across意为“横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。如:Go across the bridge and you will see the cinema. ★through意为“穿过,通过”,指从某一物体空间内通过。如:The moon shone in through the window. (2)besides / except 表示“除……外”时的用法区别: ★besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质,还包括在内。如: Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) ★except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质,不包括在内。如: We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去) (3)in the tree / on the tree表示“在树上”时的用法区别: ★in the tree 指动物或人在树上。如:There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ★on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上。如:There are many apples on the apple tree. 苹果树上有许多苹果。 【连词】 1.并列连词 and “和”,表并列或顺承关系 I often play volleyball with my friends, and I like reading too. but “但是”,表转折关系 I’d love to, but I’m afraid I have no time. while“然而”。 He’s a worker while his wife is a doctor. so “因此,所以”,表因果关系 The dress was very expensive, so I didn’t buy it. or “或者”,表选择关系 Do you go to school by bus or on foot? “否则”,表条件关系 Hurry up, or you’ll miss the plane. 注意:表并列关系的肯定句中用and,否定句中用or。 2.并列连词短语 neither...nor... 两者都不…… Neither he nor his children like fish. not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… My mum not only helps clean the rooms for my grandparents,but also does some shopping for them. either...or... 或者……或者…… Either you or he is wrong. both...and... 两者都…… Both Simon and David are ready to take on new challenges. 注意:neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致,即就近原则;both...and...连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词只能用复数。 3.从属连词(引导从句) 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when “当……时”。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去的某种时态 Sorry, I was out when you called me. while “正当……时”。while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时It began to rain while we were walking in the park. until “直到……”常用在“not...until...” 结构中,表示“直到……才……”Peter didn’t show up until the meeting had begun. as soon as“一…就…”。主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现”原则 I’ ll visit you as soon as I come back. 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词 if “如果”。 if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时 If he has time tomorrow, he will attend the meeting. unless “除非,如果不”。unless可以转化为“if...not...”结构。主从句时态同if用法一致 He won’ t finish the work unless he works hard. 3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词 because 不能与so连用 I didn’t accept his help because I wanted to try it myself. 4. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词(短语) though/ although 虽然;尽管”。不能与but同时使用 Although/Though the cinema had a big car park, I could not find a space to park my car. 5. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词(短语) so...that... “如此……以至于……”,so修饰的中心词是形容词或副词,结构为“so+adj./adv.+that...”,常与too...to...结构互换 She is so tired that she can’t go any farther.=She is too tired to go any farther. such...that... “如此……以至于……”, such修饰的中心词是名词,结构为 “such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...”或“such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that...” It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun. 【数词】易错点 基数词 1. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如:28-twenty-eight; 96-ninety-six。 2.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。如:136-one hundred and thirty-six; 601-six hundred and one。 3.1000以上的数字(即多位数),从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。如: 1, 172, 651读作:one million, one hundred and seventy-two thousand six hundred and fifty-one。 4.hundred百;thousand千;million百万;billion十亿的用法: hundred,thousand,million,billion表示确定的数目时,直接在它们前面加基数词。表示不确切数字,如成百上千,成千上万,三三两两等时,要在它们后面加-s,并且要与of连用。如: There are eight hundred students in our school. 在我们学校有八百个学生。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。 5. “在20世纪30年代”是in the 1930’s或in the 1930s 6.基数词用于表达分数:(子基母序,分子大于1,分母要加s) 分数是由基数词和序数词构成的。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如: ①1/3 one third或a third;②3/4 three fourths或 three quarters; 7.基数词与another, more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如: another five hours另外五个小时;two more hours 两个多小时 8.在他30多岁十 in his thirties 序数词 序数词构成顺口溜:序数词很好记,基数词后再加th;8少t 9去e,面目全非1/2/3;ve结尾5和2(12),换成f须仔细;若是几十几的数,前半基来后半序;遇到ty结尾词,把y变ie再加th。 *如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“又一,再一”。如: We have tried it four times. Must we try it a fifth time? 我们已经试过了四次,我们还必须再试一次吗?(第五次) 【形容词、副词】易错点 *形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后 *多个形容词作定语时的排序 请记住“限观形龄颜国材”,如果这几个字不好记,就记“县官行令宴国才”。 *. 形容词与名词的转换: (1)名词加后缀变为形容词。 ① 在名词后加-y。如:wind→windy, sun→sunny, luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy, noise→noisy, health→healthy… ② 在名词后加-ly。如:day→daily, week→weekly, month→monthly, friend→friendly, love→lovely… ③ 在动词或名词后加-ful。如:help→helpful, thank→thankful, beauty→beautiful, care→careful, use→useful… ④ 在方位名词后加-ern。如:east→eastern, south→southern, north→northern, west→western… ⑤ 在名词后加-less,变成否定意义的形容词。如:hope→hopeless, use→useless, care→careless… (2)形容词加后缀变为名词。 ① 形容词加-ty变成名词。如:safe→safety, difficult→difficulty… ② 形容词加-th变成名词。如:warm→warmth, young→youth, true→truth… ③ 形容词加-ness变成名词。如:ill→illness, weak→weakness, good→goodness, kind→kindness, careless→carelessness, happy→happiness… ④ 形容词加-ence/-ance变成名词。如:different→difference, depedant→depedance, important→importantance… *-ing形容词和-ed形容词的比较:-ing形容词表示主动意义,多修饰事或物,多指事物影响到人,意为“使人(感到)……的”;而-ed 形容词往往带有被动含义,修饰人,多指人受到事物的影响,意为“感到……的”,常用于“sb.+ -ed形容词”结构,有时也做定语用。 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 This is an interesting book. / I’m interested in this book. surprising 使人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 Peter told me a surprising story. / I’m surprised at the news. pleasing 使人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的 This is a pleasing answer. / I’m pleased with your answer. moving 动人的 moved 受感动的 This is a moving story. / I’m moved by the story. exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 They are all excited about the the exciting sports news. tiring 使人厌倦的 tired感到疲倦的 This speech is very tiring. / I’m tired of the speech. *形容词常用句型: (1)“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。It’s very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me. (2)“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (3)sb. find/make/think+it+形容词+to do sth. (某人发现/认为/使得做某事怎样) 句中的it是形式宾语,不定式短语to do sth.为真正的宾语,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语重要 *辨析 too much与much too的用法辨析:too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量;much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如:That coat is much too dear. // I am full because I have had too much rice. lonely与alone的用法辨析:lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的”alone的意思是:“独自的,单独的” He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. // He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him. 副词易错点 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如:Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly. 辨析 (1)already、yet的用法辨析: 在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如: Have you done it already? 你已经做好了? // I have not had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。 (2)hard、hardly的用法辨析: hard作为副词意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是:“几乎不” 如:They study English very hard. 他们英语学得很刻苦。 You can hardly see a person spit in a public place. 在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰。 (3)so、such的用法辨析 ①so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词。如:My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. // He is such a boy. ②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数;such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数;such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词。He is so clever a boy. 比较级和最高级 如何判断比较级和最高级 注意 easier就是比较级 可以用much修饰 more easier 是错的 一、比较等级的判断方法 1. 原级的判断 (1)由表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。如:The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。 (2)表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。具体用法如下 1) A+be/动词+as+原级+as+B,意为“A与B一样……”,表示相同或相等。 My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。 2) A+be+not+so/as+原级+as+B,意为“A不及B那样……”,表示不如或不相等。 This red skirt is not so/as beautiful as that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。 3) A+be/动词+倍数+as+原级+as+B,表示“A是B的……倍” (常见倍数:一半half,一倍once,两倍twice,三倍及以上:数字+times)。 Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。 4) as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词,意为“像……一样……”,此结构可形成许多习惯用语,多用于口语。He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。 2. 比较级的判断 (1)表示两者进行比较时用比较级。( than ) (2)由表程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰,用形容词或副词的比较级 It is much hotter today. 今天要热得多。 3. 最高级的判断 (1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不加。句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围。He is the tallest boy in our class. *不规则变化(好坏多少老远) 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好;(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的;更 most最多的;最 much许多的(不可数);非常 little少的 less更少的 least最少的 old旧的,老的,年长的 older较旧的,较老的 oldest最旧的,最老的 elder较年长的 eldest最年长的 far远的;远地 farther(指距离)更远的;更远地 farthest(指距离)最远的/地 further(指程度)进一步的/地 furthest(指程度)最深刻的/地 【动词时态】 六种常考时态的构成及用法 一般现在时 结构 1.主语+am/is/are+其他 2.主语+动词原形/动词单三形式+其他 标志词 1.频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly 2.频率词组:once a year, twice a month, three times a day等 3.其他词组:on Sundays, at/on weekends, every day/year...(every系列) 一般过去时 结构 主语+was/were或动词过去式+其他 标志词 1.ago及ago词组 2.yesterday及yesterday词组 3.last及last词组 4.just now, in the past, in 1920等 5.at the age of..., used to... 6.one day, long long ago 一般将来时 结构 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他2.主语+be going to+动词原形+其他 标志词 1.tomorrow, soon 2.next week/month...(next系列) 3.in a week, in 2022, in+一段时间 4.one day, in the(near) future 现在进行时 结构 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其他 标志词 1.now, right now 2.at present, at this time, at the/this moment 3.these days 4.when, while 5.Look! Listen! 过去进行时 结构 主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其他 标志词 1.then 2.at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday 3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 现在完成时 结构 主语+has/have+动词过去分词+其他 标志词 1.already, ever, never, just, yet, still 2.recently, lately, so far, up to/ till now 3.in the past/last three years/... 4.since 1998, since+时间点 5.for three years, for+一段时间 【非谓语动词】易错点 一、不定式的用法 常见接动词不定式作宾语的词或短语有: afford负担得起 agree同意begin开始 choose选择 dare敢 decide决定expect期望 fail失败 forget忘记learn学manage设法完成plan计划prepare准备 pretend假装 promise承诺 refuse拒绝want想要wish/hope希望 等 常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的词有:V + sb /sth + to do sth advise建议allow允许 ask要求expect期望force强encourage 鼓励invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉 want想要warn警告use使用 等 在一些使役动词和感官动词后, 要把动词不定式结构中的to省略。 常用的词或短语有: 五看:watch, see, look at, notice, observe 三使:let, have, make二听:listen to, hear一感觉:feel 二、动名词的用法 常见后接动名词的词 V + doing sth prevent阻止 keep持续avoid避免consider考虑enjoy喜欢mind介意 practice练习suggest建议finish完成 常见后接动名词的词组 spend some time/money (in) doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事 sth be worth doing值得做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 make a contribution to doing sth 为某事做贡献 devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事 can’t/couldn’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事 have fun (in) doing sth做某事很开心 三、分词的用法 其后可以接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有see, watch, hear, keep, find等词; 其后可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have, make, get等词。 I heard Lily singing in the classroom. 现在分词表示正在发生 My father was very glad because I offered to have the washing machine repaired. 过去分词表示被动 句型 倒装句 1、So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述肯定情况相同,句子属于部分倒装 Peter is a worker, so is Jack. 彼特是一个工人,杰克也是。 【注意】如果对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,用“So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”。前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。如: ---- Daming likes English. 大明喜欢英语。---- So he does. 的确如此。 2、Neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述否定情况相同,句子属于部分倒装。如: Tom isn’t a doctor, neither am I. 汤姆不是一个医生,我也不是。 3、There be句型(完全倒装句) There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。 引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词短语(某地) 选择疑问句 一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句+or+供选择部分? 如: ---- Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去? ---- We’ll go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。 特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句,+A or B/A, B or C? 如: ---- Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种? ---- I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。 祈使句 1. 肯定的祈使句: (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Be quiet. 安静! (2)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 Let Jack wait a minute. 让杰克等一分钟。 // Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 2. 否定祈使句: (1)Don’t/Never+动词原形。如:Don’t be late.不要迟到。// Don’t do that again! 别再那样做了! (2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如: Don’t let him go.= Let him not go. 别让他走。 (3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。如: No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! // No smoking! 禁止吸烟! // No parking! 禁止停车!// NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 感叹句 1. what引导的感叹句: (1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!What a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩! (2)what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What terrible weather it is! 天气多么糟糕啊! 2. How引导的感叹句: (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:How cold it is! 天气多么冷啊! (2)How+主语+谓语!如:How he loves his son! 他多么爱他儿子啊! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:How tall a tree it is!  它是一颗多么高的树啊! 复合句 宾语从句 主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、时态和语序 宾语从句引导词有三种:that;whether/if;特殊疑问词what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how *在具有选择意义又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether,而不用if 宾语从句的时态(主过从过)We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么 (主现从任何)I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来 宾语从句的语序 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,语序改为陈述语序。如: Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作 *【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,其语序则保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语”。如: He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦?(what在从句中作主语) Can you tell me what is the matter? 你能告诉我出了什么事?(what在从句中作主语) I don’t know who is the youngest of them. 我不知道他们中谁最小。(who在从句中作主语) *宾语从句和状语从句的区别(if是否、如果)(when什么时候、当) ---- I don’t know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 ---- He will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨,他会来的。 ---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗? ---- Sorry, I don’t know. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 When I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。 While I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车 We won’t start until/till/before Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。 *It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。如: It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 2.地点状语从句 是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语) Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语) Wherever you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。 3.原因状语从句 I missed the train because I was ill. 我错过了火车因为我生病了。=I missed the train because of my illness 4.条件状语从句(主将从现) As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。 Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。 If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。 5. 目的状语从句 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。 6. 让步状语从句 Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐。 7. 结果状语从句 ① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。 He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。 ② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。 It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。 ③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。 It is such bad weather that we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不呆在家里。 ④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。 Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。 定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who, whom(只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。 whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 关系词只能用that的几种情况 ①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时 ②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。 ④当先行词既有人又有物时。如: 主谓一致 易错点 1.主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, no less than, more than, rather than, including等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。 2由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(and后没有定冠词)则谓语动词用单数形式。如: Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。(老师和朋友指同一个人) The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 3、就近一致的原则 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。 (1)由or, either…or…, whether ... or ..., neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。如: Either my wife or I am going. 要么我妻子去要么我去。 Not the students but I was wrong. 不是学生错了,而是我错了。 Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 你、我、任何人都不知道答案。 (2)there/here be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 Here are the boys I am looking for. 这些就是我正在寻找的男孩。 There is a book and three pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和三支钢笔。 4、表示“时间,距离,金钱,重量,数目,长度”等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Twenty miles is a long distance. 20英里是一段很长的距离。 Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Forty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书40美元太贵了。 【重要的短语】 [按照动词归类] 1. break down 坏了 break into 闯入 break out 爆发 2. carry on继续 carry out执行,开展 3. come down下来,倒塌 come from来自 come in进来 come into进入 come on 加油,快点 come out(花)开,出版,出来 come over to顺便来访 come true实现 come up to上前来,达到 come up with想出,赶上 4. cut in 打断,插嘴 cut into (halves)切成两半 cut out 剪出,切出 cut…short缩短 5. dress oneself/sb.给…穿衣 dress up打扮起来 be dressed in穿着 6. fall behind落在…后面 fall down倒下,跪 fall in love with爱上 fall off跌落,减少 fall over跌趴下,跌倒 7. get along/on with与…和睦相处 get away逃脱,离开 get off下车,出发 get lost迷路 get on上车,进展 get readyfor sth为…准备好 get through通过,打通 get to到达(地点),开始(做) get together聚集,聚会 get up起床 8. give a helping hand帮助 give away 捐赠 give back=return 归还 give in 屈服 give out 散发,发出, give up 放弃 9. go by (时间) 流逝 go for去做,去找 go into hiding躲藏起来 go on继续,进行 go out出去,熄灯 go over 复习,仔细检查 go swimming去游泳 go through通过,经受 go to bed就寝,睡觉 go to hospital去看病 go to school去上学 go up/down上升/下降 go wrong走错路,出毛病 10. hear of/about 听说 hear from收到来信 listen to听 11. keep …away from使…远离 keep a secret保密 keep sb from sth使…免受… keep off使止步,不接近 keep (on) doing 继续做 keep fit保健 keep in … order保持秩序 keep in touch保持联系 12. learn about了解 learn from sb向…学习 13. look after照顾,关心,目送 look at看着,着眼于 look for寻找 look forward to期望 look like看上去像…,似…, look out留神,向外看 look over检查,从…上看 look through浏览;看穿 look up抬头,查找 14. find out找出,查明 15. make a difference对…有影响 make a decision决定 make a fire生火 make a mistake犯错 make friends交朋友 make sure确定 make up编辑,打扮,谱(曲) make up one’s mind下定决心 16. put away收拾,放好 put down 放下,记下 put in 安装 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out扑灭,消除 put through接通(电话) put up挂,举手 17. show sb around带领….参观 show off炫耀 show up 出现 18. take a look at 看一看 take a message 捎口信 take a walk散步 take action采取行动 take away取走,拿走 take care保重,当心 take care of照顾 take down记下 take notice of注意到, take off脱掉,起飞 take over接收(管) take part in参加 take a message take photos 拍照 take place发生 take the lead领先 take turns轮流 take up占据 19. think of想到,考虑 think about考虑,回想 think over仔细思考 think twice三思 20. try on 试穿 try out for参加选拔 21. turn around转身 turn down调低 turn … into … 把…变成 turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn out 原来是,结果是 turn to 转向,翻到 turn up调高 22. used to do过去常常做 be used to do/for被用来 be used as被用作 get used to doing习惯于[指动作] be used to doing习惯于[指状态] [按照介词或副词归类] 23. at a time 每次,依次 at a/the speed of 以…的速度 at birth 出生时,诞生时 at least至少 at first 起初,首先 at last 最后,终于 at most 最多;至多 at night 夜里 at present 现在,目前 at the age of 在…岁时 at the end of 在…末尾 at the foot of 在…脚下 at the same time 同时 at/on weekends (=at/on the weekend) 在周末 24. give away pass away去世,逝世, put away run away逃跑,潜逃 take away 25. write down写下 break down cut down砍倒,削减 come down calm down冷静下来 put down slow down慢下来,减速 fall down 26. look for ask for请求,寻求 fit for 适合 fight for为…而战 go for care for关怀,照顾 mistake..for错把….当作 pay for付钱买,赔偿 prepare for准备, send for去请, search for搜索… stand for代表 wait for等候 27. far away from 远离 be different from 与…不同 borrow … from …从…借 die of/from死于 prevent… from阻止 protect… from保护 28. arrive in/at到达 cut in do well in在…做得好 push in打断,挤入 put in hand in交上,上交 29. in all总共 in fact事实上,实际上 in danger处于危险中 in general大体上 in fear of为…担心 in one’s way挡路 in order to (do)为了(做…) in place在正确位置 in some ways某程度上 in the beginning起初 in the end最终 in time及时 in public公开地 30. show off fall off turn off jump off开始 take off set off出发,使爆炸 let off放出 get off 31. come on go on get on carry on turn on try on base on基于 hold on 不挂断,继续 live on以…为食,活下去 depend on 依赖于,依靠 32. on board在船上 on business出差 on foot步行 on time准时,按时 on one’s mind挂在心上 on one’s way 在…路上 on holiday在度假 on the phone在打电话 33. break out find out turn out run out跑出去,被用尽 look out work out解决,算出, put out carry out try out试验,考验 come out hand out把…拿出来;分发 give out sell out出售完,卖光 34. get through go through通过 look through浏览 put through接通 35. cheer up使振奋 clean up打扫干净 dress up eat up吃光 get up give up go up上升,增长 grow up长大,崛起 hurry up (使)赶快 look up make up open up展开,开发 pick up捡起 put up ring up打电话给 send up发射 set up设立,建立 speed up加速 stay up熬夜 take up tidy up收拾,整理 turn up wake up醒来,叫醒 36. agree with sb同意...观点 argue with sb 与…争辩 be angry with对..生气 deal with…处理 do … with…处理 compared with…与…对比 fill … with … 用…填充… 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 【真题练手】 1. An expert, together with some assistants, ________ for Nanjing to help in this work next week. A. has left B. have left C. is leaving D. are leaving 2. She suddenly heard someone ________ at the door when she was drawing a picture. A. knock B. knocked C. knocking D. is knocking 3. I ________ you somewhere, but I can’t recall your name. A. must see B. must have seen C. need see D. need have seen 4. A new phone costs about ________ of a second-hand one. A. three times the price B. the price of three times C. as much as three times the price D. three times more than the price 5. ________, I would give you a hand. A. If I am there B. If I was there C. Were I there D. I am there 6. She devoted herself ________ her career in medicine. A. in B. at C. to D. on 7. Some hospitals require people to call the front desk to ________ their appointments before going to see the doctor. A. confirm B. uniform C. inform D. reform 8. We are all ________ about the future and believe our life will get better. A. anxious B. sad C. disappointed D. optimistic 9. I don’t think that Tom’s proposal will work ________. A. actively B. passively C. extremely D. practically 10. Would you please ________ the TV while I am studying? A. turn down B. turn up C. take off D. take up 11. It is dangerous ________ children to play ________ fire. A. for; with B. for; at C. to; with D. to; at 12. The manager spoke ________of his performance in the work. A. high B. higher C. highly D. height 13. If I ________ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night. A. didn’t drink B. hadn’t drunk C. haven’t drunk D. wouldn’t have drunk 14. Professor Johnson will come to give us a lecture ________ next month. A. some times B. sometimes C. some time D. sometime 15. It is ________ that we would like to go to the park. A. so a lovely day B. a so lovely day C. such a lovely day D. a such lovely day 16. The girl doesn’t want to ________ her parents ________, so she studies hard all the time. A. make; happy B. let; down C. let; glad D. put; up 17. I’d like to ________ a special seat for the concert of May 5. A. serve B. reserve C. preserve D. conserve 18. There is not enough ________ in the kitchen to put the table. A. place B. floor C. ground D. room 19. Not until I began to work ________ how much time I had wasted. A. have I realized B. did I realize C. I have realized D. I realized 20. Would you please ________ me to phone Jenny before I go out? A. beg B. warn C. remind D. notice $$01语法选择 【考纲解读】 在江苏省职教高考英语试题中,语法的考查以单项选择的形式出现,即在一个完整的句子中有一个或两个空白处,提供A、B、C、D四个选项,要求考生从四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。本部分主要考查考生对已学语法知识的运用能力,具有较强的综合性和较宽的覆盖面。语法高频考点为非谓语动词、名词性从句、状语从句、时态和语态、定语从句,动词往往结合时态和语态进行考查,主谓一致、倒装句、强调句和反意疑问句均在考查范围内。 【考点精讲】 英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。在复习备考过程中,考生应当做到以下几点。 1. 牢记语法知识要点,掌握并灵活运用语法基础知识。 【例1】 He asked Mary ________.(  ) A. why did she feel unhappy B. why she felt unhappy C. why does she feel unhappy D. why she feels unhappy 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的时态和语序。从句要使用陈述句语序,因此排除A和C,而主句的谓语asked是一般过去时,因此从句的谓语动词要与主句的时态相呼应,故排除D。 2. 查找句中关键词,以关键词为突破口找出正确答案。 【例2】 One of the girls in our class gave ________ opinion openly.(  ) A. one's B. her C. their D. his 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词。根据关键词one of the girls(女孩中的之一)得知要用her。 3. 在具体语境中,排除选项中的干扰项,选择最佳答案。 【例3】 My grandma forgot ________ us the story and she told me once more.(  ) A. to tell B. telling C. to speak D. speaking 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据固定搭配tell a story(讲故事),可排除C和D。forget后可接doing和to do两种形式,但意义上有区别,forget doing sth.表示忘记做了某事(已完成);forget to do sth. 则表示忘记要去做某事(未做),根据she told me once more(她又给我讲了一遍),说明奶奶忘记讲过这个故事了,故排除A。 【冠词】易错点 1. 不定冠词 a和an都用于可数名词单数前,但两者用法有区别: 若随后的单词以辅音音素开头用a若随后的单词以元音音素开头用an *某些以元音字母开头的单词用a,因为其第一个音是/j/如:a university,a European language。 *某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的"h"不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。 字母s,x,n,m,f等用an 如:there is an "s"in the word. *在序数词前表示“又一,再一”。如:Ive tried three times. Let me try a fourth time. 2. 定冠词the A.在姓氏复数前,表一家人。The Whites 怀特一家 B.用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。play the piano 弹钢琴 C.用在世纪或"世纪+年代"名词前。in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 3. 不用冠词(零冠词) A.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词或疑问代词时(this, my, Toms, whose, some, no, each, every等),不用冠词。如: B.球类、棋类、学科、语言、娱乐运动、一日三餐前的名词前,不用冠词。 【代词】易错点 人称代词 人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主格 I(我) you (你) he(他) she(她) it(它) we(我们) you(你们) they (他们,她们,它们) 宾格 me(我) you (你) him(他) her(她) it(她) us(我们) you(你们) them (他们,她们,它们) *单数人称代词并列做主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称you→he/she/it→ I。如: You, he and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示: 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词 性 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (她的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) *形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如:Li Leis father is taller than mine. (mine=my father) 反身代词 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) *enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快;hurt oneself 伤着自己;teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学;(all) by oneself (完全)独立地;help oneself to请自便,随便吃……;look after oneself=take care of oneself自理,照顾自己;leave one by oneself 把……单独留下;lose oneself in 陶醉于,沉浸于;dress oneself 穿衣;make oneself at home不拘束,随便;wash oneself 洗澡。 指示代词易错点 this(these),that(those) *that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou *this 在电话用语中代表自己(我),that 则代表对方(你)。如:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 不定代词易错点 1.both, either与neither both 指“两者都”,表肯定。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 either 指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 neither 指“两者中没有一个”,表否定。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 2.a few, few, a little与little 肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词 a few一些,几个 few几乎没有 可数名词复数 a little一点儿 little几乎没有 不可数名词 3.other、the other、another、others与the others的用法辨析: ①other意为“其他的、别的”。 ②the other意为“两者中的另一个”。 ③another意为“另外的,再一,又一”,泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个。 ④others泛指“其他的/另外的人/物”(指大部分),常与some搭配构成“some...others...” ⑤the others表示特指某范围内的“其余的人/物”,(指全部) 4.复合不定代词somebody、something、anything、nothing、everything和everybody的用法辨析: *在句子中当单数使用 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面someone outside ,nothing much 5.none、no one、nobody的用法辨析 *no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人---通常以who提问 none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物 --通常以how many\much提问 6.it的用法 形式主语It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 形式宾语I find it difficult to learn English. // He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem. 【介词】 1.时间介词 at / in / on ★at表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。如:at 7:00;at noon;at midnight等。 ★in表示在一段时间里(如:某个世纪,季节,某年,某月,上午,下午,晚上等)(在将来句子中则表示在一段时间之后)。如:in summer;in 2013;in three days;in May;in winter;in the morning;in the afternoon等。 ★on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。如:on Monday;on the morning of June 1st;on a cold day;on Monday;on July 1st;on Sunday morning 等。 2.表示地点、方位的介词 in / on / to+方位名词 ★in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China. // Beijing is in the north of China. ★to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:Japan lies to the east of China. ★on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:North Korea is on the east of China. 3.其他介词易错点 (1)across / through表示“通过,穿过”时的用法区别: ★across意为“横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。如:Go across the bridge and you will see the cinema. ★through意为“穿过,通过”,指从某一物体空间内通过。如:The moon shone in through the window. (2)besides / except 表示“除……外”时的用法区别: ★besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质,还包括在内。如: Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) ★except表示“……除外”,具有排他性质,不包括在内。如: We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去) (3)in the tree / on the tree表示“在树上”时的用法区别: ★in the tree 指动物或人在树上。如:There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ★on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上。如:There are many apples on the apple tree. 苹果树上有许多苹果。 【连词】 1.并列连词 and “和”,表并列或顺承关系 I often play volleyball with my friends, and I like reading too. but “但是”,表转折关系 Id love to, but Im afraid I have no time. while“然而”。 Hes a worker while his wife is a doctor. so “因此,所以”,表因果关系 The dress was very expensive, so I didnt buy it. or “或者”,表选择关系 Do you go to school by bus or on foot? “否则”,表条件关系 Hurry up, or youll miss the plane. 注意:表并列关系的肯定句中用and,否定句中用or。 2.并列连词短语 neither...nor... 两者都不…… Neither he nor his children like fish. not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… My mum not only helps clean the rooms for my grandparents,but also does some shopping for them. either...or... 或者……或者…… Either you or he is wrong. both...and... 两者都…… Both Simon and David are ready to take on new challenges. 注意:neither...nor. either...or. not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致,即就近原则;both...and...连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词只能用复数。 3.从属连词(引导从句) 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when “当……时”。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去的某种时态 Sorry, I was out when you called me. while “正当……时”。while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时It began to rain while we were walking in the park. until “直到……”常用在“not...until...” 结构中,表示“直到……才……”Peter didnt show up until the meeting had begun. as soon as“一…就…”。主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现”原则 I ll visit you as soon as I come back. 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词 if “如果”。 if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时 If he has time tomorrow, he will attend the meeting. unless “除非,如果不”。unless可以转化为“if...not...”结构。主从句时态同if用法一致 He won t finish the work unless he works hard. 3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词 because 不能与so连用 I didnt accept his help because I wanted to try it myself. 4. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词(短语) though/ although 虽然;尽管。不能与but同时使用 Although/Though the cinema had a big car park, I could not find a space to park my car. 5. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词(短语) so...that... “如此……以至于……”,so修饰的中心词是形容词或副词,结构为“so+adj.adv.+that...”,常与too...to...结构互换 She is so tired that she cant go any farther.=She is too tired to go any farther. such...that... “如此……以至于……”, such修饰的中心词是名词,结构为 “such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...”或“such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that...” Its such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun. 【数词】易错点 基数词 1. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如:28-twenty-eight; 96-ninety-six。 2.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。如:136-one hundred and thirty-six; 601-six hundred and one。 3.1000以上的数字(即多位数),从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。如: 1, 172, 651读作:one million, one hundred and seventy-two thousand six hundred and fifty-one。 4.hundred百;thousand千;million百万;billion十亿的用法: hundred,thousand,million,billion表示确定的数目时,直接在它们前面加基数词。表示不确切数字,如成百上千,成千上万,三三两两等时,要在它们后面加-s,并且要与of连用。如: There are eight hundred students in our school. 在我们学校有八百个学生。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。 5. “在20世纪30年代”是in the 1930s或in the 1930s 6.基数词用于表达分数:(子基母序,分子大于1,分母要加s) 分数是由基数词和序数词构成的。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如: ①1/3 one third或a third;②3/4 three fourths或 three quarters; 7.基数词与another, more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如: another five hours另外五个小时;two more hours 两个多小时 8.在他30多岁时 in his thirties 序数词 序数词构成顺口溜:序数词很好记,基数词后再加th;8少t 9去e,面目全非1/2/3;ve结尾5和2(12),换成f须仔细;若是几十几的数,前半基来后半序;遇到ty结尾词,把y变ie再加th。 *如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“又一,再一”。如: We have tried it four times. Must we try it a fifth time? 我们已经试过了四次,我们还必须再试一次吗?(第五次) 【形容词、副词】易错点 *形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后 *多个形容词作定语时的排序 请记住“限观形龄颜国材”,如果这几个字不好记,就记“县官行令宴国才”。 *. 形容词与名词的转换: (1)名词加后缀变为形容词。 ① 在名词后加-y。如:wind→windy, sun→sunny, luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy, noise→noisy, health→healthy… ② 在名词后加-ly。如:day→daily, week→weekly, month→monthly, friend→friendly, love→lovely… ③ 在动词或名词后加-ful。如:help→helpful, thank→thankful, beauty→beautiful, care→careful, use→useful… ④ 在方位名词后加-ern。如:east→eastern, south→southern, north→northern, west→western… ⑤ 在名词后加-less,变成否定意义的形容词。如:hope→hopeless, use→useless, care→careless… (2)形容词加后缀变为名词。 ① 形容词加-ty变成名词。如:safe→safety, difficult→difficulty… ② 形容词加-th变成名词。如:warm→warmth, young→youth, true→truth… ③ 形容词加-ness变成名词。如:ill→illness, weak→weakness, good→goodness, kind→kindness, careless→carelessness, happy→happiness… ④ 形容词加-ence/-ance变成名词。如:different→difference, depedant→depedance, important→importantance… *-ing形容词和-ed形容词的比较:-ing形容词表示主动意义,多修饰事或物,多指事物影响到人,意为“使人(感到)……的”;而-ed 形容词往往带有被动含义,修饰人,多指人受到事物的影响,意为“感到……的”,常用于“sb.+ -ed形容词”结构,有时也做定语用。 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 This is an interesting book. / Im interested in this book. surprising 使人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶地 Peter told me a surprising story. / Im surprised at the news. pleasing 使人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快地 This is a pleasing answer. / Im pleased with your answer. moving 动人的 moved 受感动的 This is a moving story. / Im moved by the story. exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 They are all excited about the the exciting sports news. tiring 使人厌倦的 tired感到疲倦的 This speech is very tiring. / Im tired of the speech. *形容词常用句型: (1)“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。Its very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me. (2)“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (3)sb. find/make/think+it+形容词+to do sth. (某人发现/认为/使得做某事怎样) 句中的it是形式宾语,不定式短语to do sth.为真正的宾语,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语重要 *辨析 too much与much too的用法辨析:too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量;much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如:That coat is much too dear. // I am full because I have had too much rice. lonely与alone的用法辨析:lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的”alone的意思是:“独自的,单独的” He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely. // He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him. 副词易错点 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如:Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly. 辨析 (1)already、yet的用法辨析: 在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如: Have you done it already? 你已经做好了? // I have not had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。 (2)hard、hardly的用法辨析: hard作为副词意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是:“几乎不” 如:They study English very hard. 他们英语学得很刻苦。 You can hardly see a person spit in a public place. 在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰。 (3)so、such的用法辨析 ①so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词。如:My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. // He is such a boy. ②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数;such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数;such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词。He is so clever a boy. 比较级和最高级 如何判断比较级和最高级 注意 easier就是比较级 可以用much修饰 more easier 是错的 一、比较等级的判断方法 1. 原级的判断 (1)由表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。如:The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。 (2)表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。具体用法如下 1) A+be/动词+as+原级+as+B,意为“A与B一样……”,表示相同或相等。 My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。 2) A+be+not+so/as+原级+as+B,意为“A不及B那样……”,表示不如或不相等。 This red skirt is not so/as beautiful as that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。 3) A+be/动词+倍数+as+原级+as+B,表示“A是B的……倍” (常见倍数:一半half,一倍once,两倍twice,三倍及以上:数字+times)。 Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。 4) as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词,意为“像……一样……”,此结构可形成许多习惯用语,多用于口语。He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。 2. 比较级的判断 (1)表示两者进行比较时用比较级。( than ) (2)由表程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰,用形容词或副词的比较级 It is much hotter today. 今天要热得多。 3. 最高级的判断 (1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不加。句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围。He is the tallest boy in our class. *不规则变化(好坏多少老远) 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好;(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的,最糟糕的;(身体)最不舒服的 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的;更 most最多的;最 much许多的(不可数);非常 little少的 less更少的 least最少的 old旧的,老的,年长的 older较旧的,较老的 oldest最旧的,最老的 elder较年长的 eldest最年长的 far远的;远地 farther(指距离)更远的;更远地 farthest(指距离)最远的/地 further(指程度)进一步的/地 furthest(指程度)最深刻的/地 【动词时态】 六种常考时态的构成及用法 一般现在时 结构 1.主语+am/is/are+其他 2.主语+动词原形/动词单三形式+其他 标志词 1.频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly 2.频率词组:once a year, twice a month, three times a day等 3.其他词组:on Sundays, at/on weekends, every day/year...(every系列) 一般过去时 结构 主语+was/were或动词过去式+其他 标志词 1.ago及ago词组 2.yesterday及yesterday词组 3.last及last词组 4.just now, in the past, in 1920等 5.at the age of. used to... 6.one day, long long ago 一般将来时 结构 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他2.主语+be going to+动词原形+其他 标志词 1.tomorrow, soon 2.next week/month...(next系列) 3.in a week, in 2022, in+一段时间 4.one day, in the(near) future 现在进行时 结构 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其他 标志词 1.now, right now 2.at present, at this time, at the/this moment 3.these days 4.when, while 5.Look! Listen! 过去进行时 结构 主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其他 标志词 1.then 2.at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday 3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 现在完成时 结构 主语+has/have+动词过去分词+其他 标志词 1.already, ever, never, just, yet, still 2.recently, lately, so far, up to/ till now 3.in the past/last three years/ 4.since 1998, since+时间点 5.for three years, for+一段时间 【非谓语动词】易错点 一、不定式的用法 常见接动词不定式作宾语的词或短语有: afford负担得起 agree同意begin开始 choose选择 dare敢 decide决定expect期望 fail失败 forget忘记learn学manage设法完成plan计划prepare准备 pretend假装 promise承诺 refuse拒绝want想要wish/hope希望 等 常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的词有:V + sb /sth + to do sth advise建议allow允许 ask要求expect期望force强encourage 鼓励invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉 want想要warn警告use使用 等 在一些使役动词和感官动词后, 要把动词不定式结构中的to省略。 常用的词或短语有: 五看:watch, see, look at, notice, observe 三使:let, have, make二听:listen to, hear一感觉:feel 二、动名词的用法 常见后接动名词的词 V + doing sth prevent阻止 keep持续avoid避免consider考虑enjoy喜欢mind介意 practice练习suggest建议finish完成 常见后接动名词的词组 spend some time/money (in) doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事 sth be worth doing值得做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 make a contribution to doing sth 为某事做贡献 devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事 cant/couldnt help doing sth情不自禁做某事 have fun (in) doing sth做某事很开心 三、分词的用法 其后可以接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有see, watch, hear, keep, find等词; 其后可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have, make, get等词。 I heard Lily singing in the classroom. 现在分词表示正在发生 My father was very glad because I offered to have the washing machine repaired. 过去分词表示被动 句型 倒装句 1、So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述肯定情况相同,句子属于部分倒装 Peter is a worker, so is Jack. 彼特是一个工人,杰克也是。 【注意】如果对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,用“So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”。前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。如: ---- Daming likes English. 大明喜欢英语。---- So he does. 的确如此。 2、Neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述否定情况相同,句子属于部分倒装。如: Tom isnt a doctor, neither am I. 汤姆不是一个医生,我也不是。 3、There be句型(完全倒装句) There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。 引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词短语(某地) 选择疑问句 一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句+or+供选择部分? 如: ---- Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去? ---- Well go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。 特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句,+A or B/A, B or C? 如: ---- Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种? ---- I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。 祈使句 1. 肯定的祈使句: (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Be quiet. 安静! (2)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 Let Jack wait a minute. 让杰克等一分钟。 // Lets go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 2. 否定祈使句: (1)Dont/Never+动词原形。如:Dont be late.不要迟到。 Dont do that again! 别再那样做了! (2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。如: Dont let him go.= Let him not go. 别让他走。 (3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。如: No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! // No smoking! 禁止吸烟! // No parking! 禁止停车! NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 感叹句 1. what引导的感叹句: (1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!What a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩! (2)what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What terrible weather it is! 天气多么糟糕啊! 2. How引导的感叹句: (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:How cold it is! 天气多么冷啊! (2)How+主语+谓语!如:How he loves his son! 他多么爱他儿子啊! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:How tall a tree it is!  它是一棵多么高的树啊! 复合句 宾语从句 主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、时态和语序 宾语从句引导词有三种:that;whether/if;特殊疑问词what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how *在具有选择意义又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether,而不用if 宾语从句的时态(主过从过)We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么 (主现从任何)I dont know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来 宾语从句的语序 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,语序改为陈述语序。如: Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作 *【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,其语序则保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语”。如: He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我怎么啦?(what在从句中作主语) Can you tell me what is the matter? 你能告诉我出了什么事?(what在从句中作主语) I dont know who is the youngest of them. 我不知道他们中谁最小。(who在从句中作主语) *宾语从句和状语从句的区别(if是否、如果)(when什么时候、当) ---- I dont know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 ---- He will come if it doesnt rain. 如果不下雨,他会来的。 ---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗? ---- Sorry, I dont know. When he comes back, Ill tell you. 对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 When I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。 While I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车 We wont start until/till/before Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。 *It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。如: It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 2.地点状语从句 是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语) Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语) Wherever you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。 3.原因状语从句 I missed the train because I was ill. 我错过了火车因为我生病了。=I missed the train because of my illness 4.条件状语从句(主将从现) As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。 Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。 If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。 5. 目的状语从句 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。 6. 让步状语从句 Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐。 7. 结果状语从句 ① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。 He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。 ② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。 It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。 ③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。 It is such bad weather that we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不待在家里。 ④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。 Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。 定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who, whom(只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。 whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 关系词只能用that的几种情况 ①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时 ②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。 ④当先行词既有人又有物时。如: 主谓一致 易错点 1.主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, no less than, more than, rather than, including等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。 2由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(and后没有定冠词)则谓语动词用单数形式。如: Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。(老师和朋友指同一个人) The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 3、就近一致的原则 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。 (1)由or, either…or…, whether ... or . neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。如: Either my wife or I am going. 要么我妻子去要么我去。 Not the students but I was wrong. 不是学生错了,而是我错了。 Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 你、我、任何人都不知道答案。 (2)there/here be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 Here are the boys I am looking for. 这些就是我正在寻找的男孩。 There is a book and three pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和三支钢笔。 4、表示“时间,距离,金钱,重量,数目,长度”等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Twenty miles is a long distance. 20英里是一段很长的距离。 Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Forty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书40美元太贵了。 【重要的短语】 [按照动词归类] 1. break down 坏了 break into 闯入 break out 爆发 2. carry on继续 carry out执行,开展 3. come down下来,倒塌 come from来自 come in进来 come into进入 come on 加油,快点 come out(花)开,出版,出来 come over to顺便来访 come true实现 come up to上前来,达到 come up with想出,赶上 4. cut in 打断,插嘴 cut into (halves)切成两半 cut out 剪出,切出 cut…short缩短 5. dress oneself/sb.给…穿衣 dress up打扮起来 be dressed in穿着 6. fall behind落在…后面 fall down倒下,跪 fall in love with爱上 fall off跌落,减少 fall over跌趴下,跌倒 7. get along/on with与…和睦相处 get away逃脱,离开 get off下车,出发 get lost迷路 get on上车,进展 get readyfor sth为…准备好 get through通过,打通 get to到达(地点),开始(做) get together聚集,聚会 get up起床 8. give a helping hand帮助 give away 捐赠 give back=return 归还 give in 屈服 give out 散发,发出, give up 放弃 9. go by (时间) 流逝 go for去做,去找 go into hiding躲藏起来 go on继续,进行 go out出去,熄灯 go over 复习,仔细检查 go swimming去游泳 go through通过,经受 go to bed就寝,睡觉 go to hospital去看病 go to school去上学 go up/down上升/下降 go wrong走错路,出毛病 10. hear of/about 听说 hear from收到来信 listen to听 11. keep …away from使…远离 keep a secret保密 keep sb from sth使…免受… keep off使止步,不接近 keep (on) doing 继续做 keep fit保健 keep in … order保持秩序 keep in touch保持联系 12. learn about了解 learn from sb向…学习 13. look after照顾,关心,目送 look at看着,着眼于 look for寻找 look forward to期望 look like看上去像…,似…, look out留神,向外看 look over检查,从…上看 look through浏览;看穿 look up抬头,查找 14. find out找出,查明 15. make a difference对…有影响 make a decision决定 make a fire生火 make a mistake犯错 make friends交朋友 make sure确定 make up编辑,打扮,谱(曲) make up ones mind下定决心 16. put away收拾,放好 put down 放下,记下 put in 安装 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out扑灭,消除 put through接通(电话) put up挂,举手 17. show sb around带领….参观 show off炫耀 show up 出现 18. take a look at 看一看 take a message 捎口信 take a walk散步 take action采取行动 take away取走,拿走 take care保重,当心 take care of照顾 take down记下 take notice of注意到, take off脱掉,起飞 take over接收(管) take part in参加 take a message take photos 拍照 take place发生 take the lead领先 take turns轮流 take up占据 19. think of想到,考虑 think about考虑,回想 think over仔细思考 think twice三思 20. try on 试穿 try out for参加选拔 21. turn around转身 turn down调低 turn … into … 把…变成 turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn out 原来是,结果是 turn to 转向,翻到 turn up调高 22. used to do过去常常做 be used to do/for被用来 be used as被用作 get used to doing习惯于[指动作] be used to doing习惯于[指状态] [按照介词或副词归类] 23. at a time 每次,依次 at a/the speed of 以…的速度 at birth 出生时,诞生时 at least至少 at first 起初,首先 at last 最后,终于 at most 最多;至多 at night 夜里 at present 现在,目前 at the age of 在…岁时 at the end of 在…末尾 at the foot of 在…脚下 at the same time 同时 at/on weekends (=at/on the weekend) 在周末 24. give away pass away去世,逝世, put away run away逃跑,潜逃 take away 25. write down写下 break down cut down砍倒,削减 come down calm down冷静下来 put down slow down慢下来,减速 fall down 26. look for ask for请求,寻求 fit for 适合 fight for为…而战 go for care for关怀,照顾 mistake.for错把….当作 pay for付钱买,赔偿 prepare for准备, send for去请, search for搜索… stand for代表 wait for等候 27. far away from 远离 be different from 与…不同 borrow … from …从…借 die of/from死于 prevent… from阻止 protect… from保护 28. arrive in/at到达 cut in do well in在…做得好 push in打断,挤入 put in hand in交上,上交 29. in all总共 in fact事实上,实际上 in danger处于危险中 in general大体上 in fear of为…担心 in ones way挡路 in order to (do)为了(做…) in place在正确位置 in some ways某程度上 in the beginning起初 in the end最终 in time及时 in public公开地 30. show off fall off turn off jump off开始 take off set off触发,使爆炸 let off放出 get off 31. come on go on get on carry on turn on try on base on基于 hold on 不挂断,继续 live on以…为食,活下去 depend on 依赖于,依靠 32. on board在船上 on business出差 on foot步行 on time准时,按时 on ones mind挂在心上 on ones way 在…路上 on holiday在度假 on the phone在打电话 33. break out find out turn out run out跑出去,被用尽 look out work out解决,算出, put out carry out try out试验,考验 come out hand out把…拿出来;分发 give out sell out出售完,卖光 34. get through go through通过 look through浏览 put through接通 35. cheer up使振奋 clean up打扫干净 dress up eat up吃光 get up give up go up上升,增长 grow up长大,崛起 hurry up (使)赶快 look up make up open up展开,开发 pick up捡起 put up ring up打电话给 send up发射 set up设立,建立 speed up加速 stay up熬夜 take up tidy up收拾,整理 turn up wake up醒来,叫醒 36. agree with sb同意...观点 argue with sb 与…争辩 be angry with对.生气 deal with…处理 do … with…处理 compared with…与…对比 fill … with … 用…填充… 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 【真题练手】 1. An expert, together with some assistants, ________ for Nanjing to help in this work next week. A. has left B. have left C. is leaving D. are leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态与语法一致。句意:一位专家和几位助手将于下周前往南京协助这项工作。结合时间状语“next week”可知,该句应为一般将来时。leave为趋向性动词,可用现在进行时态表将来,谓语动词结构为be doing。主语“An expert”为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选C。 2. She suddenly heard someone ________ at the door when she was drawing a picture. A. knock B. knocked C. knocking D. is knocking 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当她正在画画的时候,突然听到有人敲门。根据句意可知,“she”在画画时听见某人正在敲门。hear sb doing “听见某人正在做某事”,其中现在分词作补语,补充说明“sb.”正在实施的动作,符合此语境。故选C。 3. I ________ you somewhere, but I cant recall your name. A. must see B. must have seen C. need see D. need have seen 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我以前一定在某处见过你,只是我想不起你的名字。根据“but I cant recall your name”中的“but”的转折关系可知,我之前肯定见过对方。“must+have+过去分词”意为“过去一定……,以前一定……”,是对过去情况有把握的推测,符合题意。故答案选B。 4. A new phone costs about ________ of a second-hand one. A. three times the price B. the price of three times C. as much as three times the price D. three times more than the price 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查倍数表达方式。句意:一个新手机的价格是二手手机的三倍。倍数三种表达方式为:①倍数词 +as+原级+ as+比较对象;②倍数词+名词(length, size, depth, weight, price等度量词)+of+比较对象;③倍数词+比较级+than+比较对象。只有A项表述正确。故选A项。 5. ________, I would give you a hand. A. If I am there B. If I was there C. Were I there D. I am there 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟条件句中的倒装。句意:如果我在那里,我会帮你一把。分析句子可知,该句为虚拟语气,与现在事实相反时if引导的条件句系动词应用were。if引导的虚拟条件状从可用部分倒装句替换,此时省掉if。故选C。 6. She devoted herself ________ her career in medicine. A. in B. at C. to D. on 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词辨析和动词短语。句意:她献身于医学事业。A. in在……以内;B. at向,朝;C. to 向,朝着;D. on在……上。根据短语结构devote oneself to...“献身于……”可知,题中需用介词to。故答案选C。 7. Some hospitals require people to call the front desk to ________ their appointments before going to see the doctor. A. confirm B. uniform C. inform D. reform 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意:有些医院要求人们在去看医生之前给前台打电话确认预约。A. confirm确认;B. uniform统一;C. inform告知;D. reform改革。结合句意可知,此处指医院要求病人在看医生前“确认”预约信息。故选B。 8. We are all ________ about the future and believe our life will get better. A. anxious B. sad C. disappointed D. optimistic 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意:我们都对未来感到乐观,相信我们的生活会变得越来越好。A. anxious焦虑的;B. sad伤心的;C. disappointed失望的;D. optimistic乐观的。后半句表示我们相信生活会越来越好,故我们对未来应是感到“乐观”。故选D。 9. I dont think that Toms proposal will work ________. A. actively B. passively C. extremely D. practically 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:我认为汤姆的提案实际上不会奏效。A. actively 积极地;B. passively 被动地;C. extremely 极端地;D. practically 实际上。根据“Toms proposal will work”可知,汤姆的提案实际上不会奏效。故选D。 10. Would you please ________ the TV while I am studying? A. turn down B. turn up C. take off D. take up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:可以请你在我学习的时候把电视的声音调小吗?A. turn down 调小;B. turn up调大;C. take off 脱衣服,飞机起飞,事业腾飞;D. take up 从事,占领,占据。根据句“while I am studying”可知,说话人正在学习,要求对方把电视声音调小。故选A。 11. It is dangerous ________ children to play ________ fire. A. for; with B. for; at C. to; with D. to; at 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词用法。句意:儿童玩火很危险。第一个空应用介词for“对于”表示所针对的人为孩子们、儿童;play意为“玩耍”时,是不及物动词,和介词“with”配合使用,接玩的物品。故选A。 12. The manager spoke ________of his performance in the work. A. high B. higher C. highly D. height 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:经理对他的工作表现给予了高度评价。high既可作形容词,也可作副词,此题用来修饰动词“spoke”,故作副词。A. high高地(可丈量的高度,具体含义);B. higher更高地(比较级);C. highly高度地(程度高,抽象含义);D. height高度(名词)。此题需用抽象含义的副词词形修饰动词“spoke”,speak highly of“高度评价”。故选C。 13. If I ________ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night. A. didnt drink B. hadnt drunk C. havent drunk D. wouldnt have drunk 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是昨天晚上喝了那么多咖啡,我昨晚肯定能睡个好觉。结合句意及主句中的“would have been able to sleep”可知,该句为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,需用虚拟语气,从句为与过去事实相反的假设,应用过去完成时。故选B。 14. Professor Johnson will come to give us a lecture ________ next month. A. some times B. sometimes C. some time D. sometime 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词辨析。句意:约翰逊教授下个月某个时候会来给我们做讲座。A. some times几次;B. sometimes有时;C. some time一些时间;D. sometime某时。根据句意可知,此处表示“下个月的某个时候”,应用sometime。故选D。 15. It is ________ that we would like to go to the park. A. so a lovely day B. a so lovely day C. such a lovely day D. a such lovely day 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查so和such的区别。句意:天气如此好,我们想去公园。根据句意和空后的“that”可知,本句应用so... that...或such... that...句型:so是副词,可修饰形容词,其句型结构为“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that”;such是形容词,修饰名词,其句型结构为“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that”。故选C。 16. The girl doesnt want to ________ her parents ________, so she studies hard all the time. A. make; happy B. let; down C. let; glad D. put; up 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:女孩不想让父母失望,所以一直努力学习。A. make (sb.) happy使(某人)开心;B. let (sb.) down让(某人)失望;C. let (sb.) glad(语法错误);D. put (sb.) up使(某人)开心。根据“... so she studies hard all the time. (……所以她一直努力学习。)”可知,此处应表示女孩不想让父母失望。故选B。 17. Id like to ________ a special seat for the concert of May 5. A. serve B. reserve C. preserve D. conserve 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意:我想为5月5日的音乐会预订一个特别的座位。A. serve服务;B. reserve预订;C. preserve保护;D. conserve保护。根据句意可知,此处是预订座位。故选B。 18. There is not enough ________ in the kitchen to put the table. A. place B. floor C. ground D. room 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:厨房里没有足够的空间放桌子。A. place地方;B. floor地板;C. ground地面;D. room空间,房间。根据句意可知,此处指厨房里没有足够的空间放桌子,故用room表“空间”。故选D。 19. Not until I began to work ________ how much time I had wasted. A. have I realized B. did I realize C. I have realized D. I realized 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意:直到我开始工作,我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。not until引导时间状语从句位于句首时,主句用部分倒装句,结构为:not until+从句+助动词+主句主语+谓语主动词。根据从句的谓语“began”可知,句中背景为过去,主句谓语也需用过去时的表达,倒装借助助动词did提前。故选B。 20. Would you please ________ me to phone Jenny before I go out? A. beg B. warn C. remind D. notice 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意:你能提醒我在出去之前给珍妮打电话吗?A. beg乞求;B. warn警告;C. remind提醒;D. notice注意到。根据句意可知,此处是请求对方提醒我在出去之前给珍妮打电话。remind sb to do sth. “提醒某人做某事”。故选C。 $$

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专题01 语法选择(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年职教高考英语二轮复习专项突破(江苏专用)
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专题01 语法选择(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年职教高考英语二轮复习专项突破(江苏专用)
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专题01 语法选择(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年职教高考英语二轮复习专项突破(江苏专用)
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