Unit 5 Period Three Lesson 2 &Lesson 3 Comprehending(课件PPT)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

EDUCATION UNIT 5　 Period Three　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Comprehending 课文释疑　助力高效课堂 课文研读　发展思维品质 目 录 Contents 课时作业(八) 课文释疑　助力高效课堂 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 课文研读　发展思维品质 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) acquire knowledge and understanding 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第二册(BS) 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 [教材原文] Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much. —Francis Bacon It seems obvious① now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.[1]To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Although today we are more used to② typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis③—luckily for us. [1]It是形式主语，后面how引导的从句是真正的主语。 However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561－1626) suggested④ that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against⑤ the views of the day. Although Bacon held an important rank⑥ in King James' royal court⑦ of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day⑧， slow and inefficient⑨ working style of the government, but the worthy⑩ search for knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe⑪ ”[2], were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence⑫[3]. The church and many people tended to⑬ ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old! [2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Galileo Galilei；that引导同位语从句，解释名词idea的内容。 [3]此处是with复合结构，在句中作状语。no one与come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive⑭ ideas[4]as they had been put forward⑮ by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE⑯). He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed.At first, people approved⑰ of his studies and urged⑱ him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison⑲. They didn't want to abandon⑳ what they'd always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so.[5] But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong. [4]It是形式主语，后面that引导的从句是真正的主语。 [5]此处People make the assumption为主句，第一个that引导同位语从句，从句中if引导条件状语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句。 Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. In other words， we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind， some might say, than all the money in the world. All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them. —Galileo Galilei [词汇注解] ①obvious/ˈɒbviəs/ adj.明显的，显然的，易理解的 It is obvious that………是显而易见的。 ②be used to (doing)…习惯于(做)……(to是介词) ③analysis/əˈnælIsIs/ n．[U，C]分析(复数形式 analyses)　 ④suggest在本句中意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。但如果suggest在句中意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。 ⑤go against 违反，违背 ⑥hold an important rank 占据重要的地位 rank/ræŋk/n.[U，C](尤指较高的)地位，级别 ⑦royal court 宫廷 royal/ˈrɔIəl/adj.皇家的；王室的 ⑧day-to-day adj.日常的，每天的，相当于daily。 ⑨inefficient/ˌInIˈfIʃənt/ adj.效率低的 ⑩worthy/ˈwɜːði/adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 ⑪universe/ˈjuːnIvɜːs/n.[C]宇宙 ⑫come to one's defence 为某人辩护 ⑬tend to do sth 往往会做某事 ⑭primitive/ˈprImətIv/adj.原始的，远古的 ⑮put forward 提出 ⑯BCE(before Common Era)公元前 ⑰approve/əˈpruːv/vi.赞成，同意 vt.赞成；赞许；批准 approve of…赞同…… ⑱urge/ɜːdʒ/vt.强烈要求；敦促 urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事 ⑲prison/ˈprIzən/n.[C，U]监狱 put sb into/in prison 把某人投进监狱 ⑳abandon/əˈbændən/vt.放弃；抛弃 assumption/əˈsʌmpʃən/ n．[C]假设，假定 make the assumption that…作出……假设 assume vt.假设 respected/rIˈspektId/ adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 at times有时，偶尔 astronomy/əˈstrɒnəmi/ n．[U]天文学 astronomer n．[C]天文学家 in other words换句话说，相当于to put it differently。 wisdom/ˈwIzdəm/n.[U]智慧，才智 owe/əʊ/vt.把……归功于 owe…to…把……归功于…… shadow/ˈʃædəʊ/n.[C]阴影，影子 conventional/kənˈvenʃənəl/adj.守旧的；传统的 conventional thought 传统思想 kingdom/ˈkIŋdəm/n.[C]王国 civilisation/ˌsIvəlaIˈzeIʃən/n.[U]文明 vital/ˈvaItl/adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的 beneficial/ˌbenIˈfIʃəl/adj.有帮助的，有利的 be beneficial to…对……有利 mankind/ˌmænˈkaInd/n.[U]人类　　 多问，多学，多得。 ——弗朗西斯·培根 今天，如何获取知识与理解，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。 然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561－1626)表明这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探索知识并不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有 人会为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直以来安逸相信的东西。事实上，当伽利莱证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而是选择相信2 000年前的陈旧观点！ 人们愿意相信那些陈旧的观点一点也不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—前322)提出的。亚里士多德认为地球必定是宇宙的中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意。起初人们认可他的研究， 催促他继续研究，但后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了许多后继的伟大科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错。伽利莱自己也犯过错。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。 因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并且说：“我什么都知道了。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人，正是他们足够勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和(对世界的)认识才是值得追求的；一些人可能会说，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 所有的真理一旦被发现，都很容易理解。最难的是发现真理。 ——伽利略·伽利莱 Step One　Fast reading Ⅰ.Skim the passage quickly and then fill in the following blanks. Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is how we ___________ ___________________________. Step Two　Detailed reading Read the text (P36－37), then choose the best answer. 1．What's the very first step of Francis Bacon's type of thinking? A．Raising questions. B．Observing the world. C．Thinking over the possible answers. D．Testing for a right answer. 答案　A 2．What do we know from the passage? A．Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas. B．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts. C．Before Galilei, Aristotle's theory had influenced people for 1,000 years. D．The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe. 答案　B 3．What's the main idea of the passage? A．Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day. B．Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe. C．The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn't move round the sun in a perfect circle, either. D．People should question more because great men, even Aristotle and Galilei, might make mistakes. 答案　D 4．What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article? A．Questions, observe and study, consider and test, find the right answers. B．Acquire the knowledge, understanding, find the right answers, consider and test. C．Observe, study, consider, find the right answers. D．Questions, find the right answers, observe, test. 答案　A Step Three　Post reading Activity 1　美句欣赏 1．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that contain contrast.(细读短文并找出含有对比的句子) (1)At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. (2)He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.　 2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to explain.(细读短文并找出解释的句子) Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” Activity 2　文本讨论 1．In modern society, which is more important, knowledge or money? Why? 答案　略 答案　略 2．What qualities can make you acquire knowledge more effectively? Step Four　Sentence learning 译文：_________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 译文：_________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。　 $$