Unit 4 Humour题型专项强化练(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

UNIT 4　题型专项强化练 (限时：100分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Nobel Prizes for medicine, physics, chemistry, economy, literature as well as peace work are awarded every October, each recognizing an individual's or organization's remarkable contribution in a specific field.Here is a quick guide of this year's winners. Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman The two scientists contributed to the amazing rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier The trio(三人) are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons, making it possible for us to understand and control how electrons behave in a material. Narges Mohammadi The Iranian activist is awarded for her fight against the suffering of women in Iran and her fight to promote women's rights and freedom. Moungi G．Bawendi, Louis E．Brus and Alexei I．Ekimov Awarded for their development of quantum(量子) dots, the three chemists really take people's breath away.These tiny particles(粒子) can promote chemical reactions and their clear light can help doctors find harmful tissue in a patient's body. Jon Fosse The Norwegian playwriter touches on the deepest feelings that people have—anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death—such things that every human being actually encounters. Claudia Goldin The Harvard professor helped us understand gender differences in the labor market and advanced our understanding of women's labor market outcomes. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本文为应用文，介绍了几位2023年诺贝尔奖获奖者的事迹。 1．Who wins Nobel Prize in Physics? A．Jon Fosse.　　　 B．Louis E．Brus. C．Ferenc Krausz. D．Drew Weissman. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier部分内容可知，这三位获奖者研究电子，由此可推知，他们获得诺贝尔物理奖，故选C项。 2．What do Narges Mohammadi and Claudia Goldin have in common? A．They speak up for women. B．They support workers' rights. C．They provide job opportunities. D．They promote economy development. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Narges Mohammadi和Claudia Goldin部分内容可知，他们二人的共同之处是他们都为女性发声，故选A项。 3．Where is the text most probably from? A．A brochure. B．A medical report. C．A newspaper. D．A science fiction. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段可知，本文介绍了2023年的六位诺贝尔奖获奖者，由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一份报纸，故选C项。 In 1945, 23-year-old Joan Hinton was one of the few female nuclear physicists joining in the Manhattan Project, an American project set up in 1942 to develop an atom bomb.Even as she rejoiced in the project's success, she was deeply shocked when the US dropped two bombs in Japan in 1945 during World War Ⅱ.She then quit the project and left the US. In 1948, she managed to travel to Yan'an, where she married her boyfriend Erwin Engst.Her husband got his first impressions of China from the book Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow.He came to China as a member of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1946 and went on to serve as an expert on farm equipment in Yan'an. “My father kept on writing letters to my mom, telling her to come to China and that ‘China was about to climb a hill.If you arrive late, you'll miss the bus’，” Fred Engst, son of Hinton, said. Hinton and her husband lived a simple life in China.During her time in Yan'an, she only stood out as a foreigner, dressed in ordinary clothes.The villagers treated the US scientist like they would be a family member.During one Chinese New Year's party in the village she lived in, Hinton shared her sense of humor by amusing the locals with her performances using a northern Shaanxi dialect(方言)． The couple witnessed the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.Hinton, who held high hopes of making milk available to the Chinese population, devoted herself to the improvement of agricultural machinery and the milk industry at large.She applied her scientific skills to developing a continuous-flow automatic milk pasteurizer(巴氏杀菌机) and tending to about 200 cows in the following years. Hinton was truly devoted to everything she did, whether in nuclear physics or the milk industry. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/历史。本文为人物报道。Joan Hinton是新中国绿卡第一人。她曾在“曼哈顿计划”中研制原子弹，却为何来中国养起了奶牛？ 5．What does the underlined part “rejoiced in” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Showed surprise about. B．Felt joy at. C．Expressed anger over. D．Showed disappointment with. 答案　B 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句以及下一句可知，她对美国的行径感到震惊，也深深愧疚，所以她离开了美国。而画线单词前用了even，说明画线词的意思和愧疚相反，也就是说对项目的成功她还是感到高兴的，故选B项。 6．What is the villagers' attitude to the US scientists in China? A．Friendly.　　　　　 B．Rude. C．Concerned. D．Uncaring. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可推断，村民们对她很友善，故选A项。 7．What contribution did Hinton make to China? A．She contributed the development of nuclear physics. B．She pushed forward the development of cattle farming. C．She helped cows give birth to more healthy babies. D．She made all Chinese people enjoy the benefits of drinking milk. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Hinton推进了奶牛饲养业的发展，故选B项。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Joan Hinton set up a project in China B．Joan Hinton improved Shaanxi dialect C．The introduction to Joan Hinton D．Joan Hinton persuaded Chinese people to drink milk 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Joan Hinton，故选C项。 Back in April 1939 and armed with $5,000 provided by the Rockefeller Foundation, professor Frank Cyr at Teachers College, Columbia University took a tour of ten states to make the research about school transportation problems.What he found was that many students had no dependable way to get to school and the ones who did often travelled in unsafe buses in the over 100,000 school areas. Seeing a need to fix this problem, Cyr organised a meeting—one that would change the future of school buses forever.School officials and transportation experts met to set much-needed standards for buses, including those for colour, height and width as well as safety rules that hadn't been set before or that were different in every state. There were many different bus colours in the US before this meeting；several areas even planned to have red, white and blue buses as a way of encouraging students to love their country.Cyr presented his new choice to education officials, a reported “50 shades(色度) changing from lemon yellow to deep orange red”．The matter was settled quickly.Yellow, or “National School Bus Glossy Yellow”， was chosen because it was quite striking, making the school bus easy to be seen.Besides, it made the bold (黑体的), black writing on the side of each bus clear.(The bold, black writing gives information about each school area, telling students which school bus they could take during early morning and late afternoon hours.) Thirty-five states made the changes quickly, and every state took them on board by 1974. Being recognised as the “father of the yellow school bus”， Frank Cyr has surely influenced your life if you ever rode a school bus or saw that noticeable colour pulling up to your stop on a dusky morning. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为说明文，介绍了美国的校车为什么是黄色的。 9．What did Frank Cyr find about the school buses in the US? A．Funny.　　　　　 B．Surprising. D．Reliable. C．Disappointing. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，弗兰克发现很多学生没有可靠的上学方式，即使有，学生们经常乘坐的也是不安全的公交车。由此推知，弗兰克发现美国的校车是令人失望的，故选D项。 10．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Who attended the meeting. B．Why the meeting was held. C．What was settled in the meeting. D．What was discussed in the meeting. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了会议上讨论的内容，故选D项。 11．What does the underlined word “striking” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Soft. B．Bright. C．Natural. D．Beautiful. 答案　B 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词后的making the school bus easy to be seen可知，校车选黄色是为了使校车容易被看见，由此可推知，striking在此处意为“鲜艳夺目的”，故选B项。 12．What is the main idea of the text? A. Why school buses in the US are yellow. B．How school buses developed in the US. C．How students in the US recognised school buses. D．Why there are school buses for students in the US. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了美国校车为什么是黄色的，故选A项。 In 1834 Cambridge University philosopher William Whewell coined the term “scientist” to describe someone who studies the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.You could conclude that the first modern scientist was someone like Charles Darwin or Michael Faraday, two iconic figures who also happened to be Whewell's contemporaries. We could go back to the ancient Greeks, all the way back to Thales of Miletus.Thales achieved much in both science and mathematics, yet he left no written record.Homer, a celebrated figure, received credit for many great achievements, but may never have existed at all.We could consider other ancient Greeks as well, such as Euclid, the father of geometry(几何学) or Ptolemy, the misguided astronomer.But all of these men relied on supposing instead of running experiments to prove or disprove hypotheses(假说)． Christian Huygens, Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton fulfilled these requirements. But to find the first scientist, you have to travel to the earlier.You probably think of Galileo Galilei.He overturned Aristotle's ideas on motion.Yet Galileo owed much to another person born 20 years earlier.His name was William Gilbert, a rather unknown figure in the history of science. Gilbert was born in 1544 in England and then attended Cambridge University.His work reached the peak in On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the Earth.In the book's preface, Gilbert described the need for “sure experiments, observations and demonstrated arguments” instead of “conjectures(猜想) and the opinions of inference”. He also discussed the importance of conducting experiments carefully and skillfully.The scientists followed his advice and achieved a lot.Gilbert directly influenced Galileo, who nodded in affirmation(肯定) at Gilbert's ideas about experimentation and observation.It is no wonder that Galileo claimed Gilbert to be the founder of the scientific method.This statement may be enough to confirm that Gilbert was the first modern scientist. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为议论文，主要论述了谁可以被称为第一位科学家。 13．What can we learn about Darwin, Faraday or Whewell according to the text? A．They are of about the same age. B．Whewell is more famous than Faraday. C．Whewell was born later than the other two. D．Faraday is better known than Darwin. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，查尔斯·达尔文、迈克尔·法拉第和胡韦尔是同一个年代的人，故选A项。 14．Who probably had the biggest impact on Galileo Galilei? A．Isaac Newton.　 B．Robert Hooke. C．William Gilbert. D．Christian Huygens. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段后两句和最后一段最后三句可知，威廉·吉尔伯特可能对伽利略·伽利雷影响最大，故选C项。 15．How did Gilbert carry out his work in the author's opinion? A．He made summaries or analyses. B．He made conjectures or hypotheses. C．He discussed and argued with others. D．He did experiments and investigated. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可推断，吉尔伯特通过做实验和调查来开展科研工作，故选D项。 16．What does the author mainly tell us in this text? A．The definition of a scientist. B．Some scientists in the old days. C．Researches done by some famous scientists. D．The introduction of the first scientist. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文讲的是哪位科学家可以被称为第一位科学家，即The introduction of the first scientist，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Stay Motivated in School Do you have those days when you say to yourself, “I don't need school.” or those days when you don't feel like rolling out of bed？You're not alone, but doing well in school will make you feel energetic to have the life you want down the road. Take advantage of social opportunities.This doesn't mean that you should be talking through class or passing notes.　1　 Enjoy your classmates' company, and you might even find yourself looking forward to school. 　2　 If you don't make up your mind to do well in school, you'll absolutely hate facing it every day.By creating a regular schedule for after school and the weekends, you'll improve your grades and self-confidence, and appreciate school more.　3　 Start a study group.When you study with friends, it doesn't feel so painful！But you have to make sure you stay on tasks instead of joking around and having a good time.Meet at least once a week on a regular schedule.　4　 Don't just show up and expect to do work in your study group.Come prepared with insight on the task you've been working on. Get enough exercise.　5　Regular exercise will not only help you focus when you're studying, but it also improves your mood.Being focused and in a good mood is very important to stay motivated for school. A．Prepare for each session. B．Schedule your study time. C．Have three meals regularly. D．Create a learning environment. E．Stay active to improve productivity. F．But it does mean making school more enjoyable by making friends with your classmates. G．Successful people often keep a regular schedule to help them achieve their goals. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/学校生活。本文为说明文，介绍了在学校里保持积极性的一些具体做法。 1. 答案　F　 解析　转折关系。根据上下文可知，空处应表示转折，F项中的But it does mean与空前的This doesn't mean相呼应，故选F项。 2.答案　B 解析　总分关系。本段主要讲述了制订计划的好处，故选B项。 3. 答案　G　 解析　强调关系。G项中的a regular schedule与上文中的a regular schedule相照应，且内容上承接上文，故选G项。 4.答案　A 解析　顺承关系。根据本段的主旨句Start a study group和本段最后一句可知，要为学习小组的每一次活动做好准备，A项符合语境，且与空前的at least once a week相呼应，故选A项。 5. 答案　E　 解析　顺承关系。本段的主旨句Get enough exercise与E项中的Stay active意义相呼应，故选E项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Years ago, my friend Art, used to see a boy walking along the road with a large dog.When cars would pass him, he made eye contact with and 　1　 at the drivers. One rainy day Art saw the boy and 　2　, asking if he would like a ride.The boy said, “I'm just walking.” Art thought it wasn't too 　3　 since he often did it himself.Art said to the boy, “If you ever need help, just let me know.” The boy showed his 　4　 and went on his way. A few weeks later, Art saw the boy walking without his usual 　5　.The boy saw Art and 　6　 flagged him down(示意停车)．As Art got 　7　, the boy cried, “There, my best friend Randy just died！” Art saw a dead dog outside the driveway.Then he sadly took Randy to the boy's house, and 　8　 him.Art left feeling 　9　. Later that day his friend 　10　.His friend's dog had a litter(一窝) of puppies recently and one of them was named Randy.Art 　11　 the whole situation to him, and his friend agreed to give little Randy to that boy as a 　12　. The next day, Art drove to the boy's house.The boy spotted Art and rushed out to 　13　 him.When Art opened the door, little Randy came 　14　 out of the car.“Randy！You came back to me，” the boy said with tears of 　15　. 1．A.waved B．shouted C．laughed D．aimed 2．A.pulled over B．drove away C．flew by D．speeded up 3．A.embarrassed B．frustrated C．normal D．strange 4．A.surprise B．appreciation C．determination D．attitude 5．A.appearance B．feeling C．action D．company 6．A.wildly B．happily C．softly D．hesitantly 7．A.down B．closer C．farther D．ahead 8．A.buried B．burned C．sold D．threw 9．A.disappointed B．calm C．blue D．shameful 10．A.left away B．came by C．set off D．ran out 11．A.explained B．connected C．declared D．displayed 12．A.donation B．gift C．reward D．souvenir 13．A.introduce B．greet C．question D．assist 14．A.looking B．barking C．rolling D．leaping 15．A.pity B．sorrow C．joy D．regret 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/人际沟通。本文为记叙文，讲述了Art和一个陌生男孩因一条狗而产生的奇妙缘分。 1.答案　A 解析　男孩看着过往的司机，并向他们招手。wave at sb向某人招手。 2.答案　A 解析　一个雨天，Art看到那个男孩后停下车(pull over)询问他是否需要搭车。 3.答案　D 解析　得知男孩只是想散步的意图后，Art想到自己的习惯，觉得男孩的举动并不那么奇怪 (strange)。 4.答案　B 解析　得知Art的善意后，男孩表达了感激之情(appreciation)，继续往前走着。 5.答案　D 解析　根据下文可知，这次这个男孩身边没有了那只大狗的陪伴(company)。 6.答案　A 解析　当男孩看到Art后，就拼命地(wildly)招手让他停下来。 7.答案　B 解析　当 Art靠近(closer)男孩后，男孩哭喊道他的好朋友Randy去世了。 8.答案　A 解析　Art难过地把Randy送回男孩的家，并把它埋葬了(bury)。 9.答案　C 解析　Art埋葬了Randy之后，心情也很郁闷 (blue)。feel blue感到郁闷沮丧。 10.答案　B 解析　晚些时候，Art的一位朋友来拜访(come by)他，Art听说朋友的狗最近下了一窝小崽。 11.答案　A 解析　得知朋友的小狗中有一只也叫Randy后，Art向朋友阐明了(explain)那个男孩的情况。 12.答案　B 解析　听了Art的话，朋友决定把小狗Randy作为礼物(gift)送给男孩。 13.答案　B 解析　男孩看到了Art的车，急忙从家里跑出来迎接(greet)Art。 14.答案　D 解析　当Art打开车门，小Randy从车里冲了(leap)出来。 15.答案　C 解析　男孩看到小Randy后非常高兴，眼里充满了喜悦(joy)的泪水。 Ⅳ.语法填空 At about 3,810 metres above sea level, Lake Titicaca is the 1. (high) freshwater lake in South America.It is a 2. (beauty) place with deep blue water and is home to Peruvian culture.And talking of homes, floating upon this lake are 70 floating man-made islands where about 500 people from the Uros tribe live. At first, the islands were tied by ropes 3. the mainland to provide 4. (protect) from enemies.If any enemy approached, whole families could cut these ropes and sail out into the middle of the lake.However, times have moved on and there are no longer any real enemies.They have been replaced by friendly tourists 5. come to see this very unusual sight. Beside the lake grow reeds(芦苇)．They are used 6. (create) floating platforms 200 centimetres thick, and boats.The reeds float very well, but once in the water they rot(腐烂) quickly and require close attention.They 7. (change) about every three months.The islands can stay afloat and be lived on for up to thirty years if they are managed 8. (proper)． Many of the islands are anchored(系牢) to the bottom of the lake by ropes 9. (attach) to strong sticks.Other islands have small motors and can be driven around.There are both small 10. large islands.The larger ones provide a home for ten families.On smaller ones, three to four families live.Most of them are able to make a living from their surroundings. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文，介绍了南美洲的的的喀喀湖。 1．答案　highest　 解析　考查比较等级。根据前面的the及后面的in South America可知，此处应用形容词最高级。 2．答案　beautiful　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰place，意为“美丽的”，故填形容词beautiful。 3．答案　to　 解析　考查介词。tie…to…把……和……系在一起，为固定搭配。 4．答案　protection　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作provide的宾语，在此表示“保护”，故填名词protection。 5．答案　who/that　 解析　考查引导词。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词tourists，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 6．答案　to create　 解析　考查非谓语动词。使用芦苇是为了制作漂浮的平台，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to create。 7．答案　are changed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，空处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时；They与change之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用被动语态；主语为They，故填are changed。 8．答案　properly　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰谓语，表示“恰当地”，故填副词properly。 9．答案　attached 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰ropes，又因为attach与ropes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词attached。 10．答案　and 解析　考查并列连词。both…and………和……两者都。 Ⅴ.小作文 假如你是李华，你校英文报科学板块正在征稿，征稿主题为“What makes a great scientist？”请你写一篇文章进行投稿。 内容：1.给出你的观点；2.举例说明。 要求：词数80左右。 One possible version： What makes a great scientist? As the saying goes, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” From my point of view, it is perspiration that makes a great scientist. Take the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou for example.After looking up hundreds of Chinese medical texts and doing many experiments，Tu finally discovered artemisinin despite failing more than 190 times, which helped save millions of lives.There is no doubt that perspiration plays an important role in Tu's success and she deserves the Nobel Prize. Ⅵ.读后续写 I'm scared.That is all I'm feeling.I'm standing behind the starting line before the pool.As I look up at the clock at the far end of the pool, the yellow numbers showing the time look not very clear through my mirrored goggles(游泳眼镜)． The race doesn't seem challenging：a 200-yard swim.We'll swim back and forth twice.Yet, I'm nervous.As the official standing at the side of the pool blows his whistle, I glance at my friend, Carter, the toughest competitor. “Quiet for the start, please，” says the announcer with a powerful voice.All eight of us swimmers tense up(绷紧)．With another sound from the whistle, my body shoots off into the water. Entering the water is like diving into ice, and I want to come up for air. “No, stay under water, keep kicking and surface in ten more yards，” I think to myself.I finally come up, with a quick breath and then immediately back underwater. Seconds later I surface again and take a few strokes (划水动作)，when all of a sudden my right shoulder feels pain.Maybe my doctor was right.I should have stopped swimming.But it's too late now.With another five strokes, I reach the wall, bend my knees and shoot off the wall on my back.While underwater, I look around for Carter. Oh, he's two body lengths ahead.There's no way I will win this race.Suddenly I hear my coach's voice in my head, “Palmer, keep on！” At this point my legs also get painful from all the kicking.But I have to keep going.As I finish the first half of the race, my arms are unconscious.I touch the wall with one hand, then back into the third lap of the race, continually rushing forward. When looking for Carter again, unbelievably I see I'm now neck and neck with him, tying for first place. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 One possible version： Three more huge kicks take me to the final lap of the race.This is it.I swim forward with all efforts.My entire body is unconscious.Each stroke makes me feel as if I were moving a mountain and I can't even tell if I'm kicking or not.Rushing towards the wall, my shoulders can barely raise my arms out of the water.Just one more stroke until the end, I reach out as far as I possibly can.My fingers eventually touch the wall.I look up and Carter is right there at the wall with me. I take off the goggles to check the clock.Carter's time reads 2：15.70.My heart is pounding when I read my time：2：15.61.I drop a full seven seconds off my best time and win the race.Carter congratulates me with a hug.This is the most enjoyably painful hug I've ever experienced.My parents in the stands are cheering as I barely manage to raise myself out of the pool.Ice packs will help the pain go away, but how I feel at this moment will always remain. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$