【同步100分背默】Unit4 Problems and advice 知识清单-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教牛津版）

【同步100分背默】Unit4 Problems and advice 知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. model /'mɒdl/ 模特儿 diet /'daɪət/ 规定饮食 go on a diet节食；减肥 situation /sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ 情况；状况 in a……situation在……情况下 braces /'breisiz/ (儿童)牙箍 advantage /əd'vɑːntɪdʒ/ 优势 /反/ disadvantage mess /mes/ 杂乱；不整洁 messy adj.杂乱的；不整洁的in a mess 一团糟 make a mess 搞得一塌糊涂 comment /'kɒment/ 评论 /近/review request /rɪ'kwest/ 要求；请求 /近/ require v.要求 exam /ɪg'zæm/ 考试 /近/ examination；test v. regret /rɪ'gret/ 懊悔 regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth.遗憾已经做过某事 hate /heɪt/ 厌恶；憎恶 hate to do sth./hate doing sth.讨厌做某事/近/ dislike suggest /sə'dʒest/ 建议；倡议 suggestion n.建议 /近/advise fail /feɪl/ 不及格 failure n.失败 fail to do sth.做某事失败 adj. online /ɒn'laɪn/ 在线的 awful /'ɔːfʊl/ 很坏的；极讨厌的 /近/ terrible ashamed /ə'ʃeɪmd/ 惭愧；羞愧 feel/be ashamed of对……感到惭愧 embarrassed /ɪm'bærəst/ 窘迫的；尴尬的 embarrass v.使窘迫 mad /mæd/ 很生气；气愤 be mad at 对……非常恼怒，恼火 annoying /ə'nɒɪɪŋ/ 使恼怒的；使生气的 annoy v.使脑怒；惹恼 careless /'keələs/ 粗心造成的 carelessly adv.粗心地；/反/careful adj.仔细的；小心的 polite /pə'laɪt/ 有礼貌的 politely adv.有礼貌地 politeness n.礼貌 ；/反/ impolite conj though /ðəʊ/ 虽然；尽管 /近/ although prep none /nʌn/ 没有一个；毫无 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 (be) on a diet 节食 2 laugh at 嘲笑 3 be/feel ashamed of 对……感到惭愧 4 drive sb. Mad 让某人受不了 5 make a mess 搞得一塌糊涂 6 out of place 格格不入 7 none of one's business 与某人无关 8 hear from 收到某人的信件 9 offer to help 主动提供帮助 10 ask for help 寻求帮助 11 be worried about 担心 12 get angry 生气 13 make jokes about sb. 嘲笑某人 14 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不要）做某事 15 It's awful of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是讨厌的 16 regret (not) doing sth. 后悔（没有）做了某事 17 feel embarrassed 感到丢脸 18 it's difficult for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人而言有困难 19 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 20 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 21 have a habit of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯 22 keep the room tidy 让房间保持干净 23 make up your own mind 下定决心 三．易错点记忆 1. It was awful of them to laugh at her, and I regret not saying anything. regret作动词，“懊悔；感到遗憾”的意思。 regret还可作名词，“懊悔；遗憾；失望”的意思。 【同根词】 regretful: ad.后悔的，失望的，遗憾的； regretfully： adv.遗憾地，懊悔地： regrettable:ad.令人惋惜的，可惜的，令人遗憾的。 固定短语： regret to do sth. 很遗憾要去做某事（对将要做的事感到遗憾或抱歉，后面常接tell） regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（“做某事”在先，“后悔”在后） 1. If you don't do it now, you'll regret it.如果你现在不做，你会后悔的。 2. I really regret what I said.我真的后悔说了那些话。 3. I regret not giving him a hand. 我后悔没帮他一把。 4. I regret to say you are out.我很地告诉你，你出局了。 5. He regrets not learning English well before. 他后悔以前没有学好英语。 6. I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the examination. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。 2. What do you suggest? suggest作动词，“建议；提议”的意思。 固定短语： suggest doing sth.建议做某事；相近的表达还有 advise doing sth.。 固定句型：suggest that从句，从句中的谓语动词置于should后，should可省略，因此从句的谓语动词必须是跟动词原形。 近义词： advise, advise 还用于 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事。例如： 【同根词】 suggestion: n.建议，提议； a suggestion=a piece of advice. 1.Miss Green suggests (that) the boy (should) take exercise more.格林小姐建议这个男孩要多锻炼。 2.Miss Green advises the boy to take exercise more.格林小姐建议这个男孩要多锻炼。 3.careless:adj.粗心造成的；不小心的；粗心的 careless作形容词，意思有“粗心造成的；疏忽引起的”、“粗心的；不仔细的”。例1: 固定短语：be careless about/with sth.对……不仔细。 【同根词】 care:n.&v.关心：在意； careful: adj.细心的，谨慎的； carefully: adj.仔细地，谨慎地； carelessly：adv粗心地，不仔细地； carelessness：n.粗心，疏忽。 It's careless of you to leave the tap on. 你粗心没关水龙头。 4.  I love my sister, but sometimes she's so annoying! annoying   adj. 令人恼怒的；令人生气的 annoy   v. 使生气；使不耐烦       annoyed   adj. 感到生气的；感到恼怒的  His attitude is annoying. 他的态度令人讨厌。 The annoying thing about the plan is that it’s confusing.这项计划让人讨厌的地方是它让人一头雾水。 5. We saw a lady lying in the street. 辨析：see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 强调动作正在进行 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 强调看见动作的全过程，现在动作已结束 I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。 I saw him repair his bike. 我看见他修了他的自行车。 6. Though I wanted to help her, my friends told me not to. though    conj. 虽然；尽管，和although同义，一般可以换用，都引导让步状语从句，但不能与but连用。 Aunt Anna likes Tim though he often annoys her. 安娜姨妈喜欢蒂姆，尽管他经常惹她生气。 7. I feel embarrassed when I smile or open my mouth. embarrassed作形容词,“尴尬的;窘迫的”的意思。例如: 固定短语： be embarrassed about/at sth.对……感到难堪，窘迫，尴尬； be embarrassed to do sth.做某事害羞 【同根词】 embarrass:v.使窘迫，尴尬，使为难； embarrassing: adj.令人难堪的，尴尬的，使人害羞的； embarrassment:n.害羞，窘，尴尬。 近义词：shy、ashamed。 I've never felt so embarrassed in my life. 我一生中从没如此难堪过。 8. I’ve just started wearing braces,but I hate them. start doing sth.=start to do sth. 开始做某事；着手做某事 在hate,like,love,begin,start等动词后面接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义差别不大，常可以互换。 I hate singing. = I hate to sing. 9. I have to share a room with my seven-year-old sister,and she’s driving me mad. (1)seven-year-old是一个复合形容词，意为“七岁大的”，用作定语，修饰名词。复合形容词是指由两个或两个以上的单词构成的形容词。复合形容词一般作定语，往往由连字符连接，复合形容词中若包含有名词，则该名词一般有单数。 (2)drive sb. mad 让某人受不了 1.This is a 30-metre-wide river. 这是一条 30 米宽的河流。 2.I have a three-year-old brother. 我有一个三岁的弟弟。 3.Whenever I chat with him, he always drives me mad. 每当我和他聊天时，他总是让我抓狂。 10. I try to keep my room tidy,but she always makes a mess. (1) try to do sth. 尽力做某事，指想尽一切办法要把事情办成，但不一定会成功。   try doing sth. 尝试做某事，指为了达到某种目的而去试着做某事。 She tries to work out the problem. 她尽力做出这道题。 She tried making a model plane by himself. 他尝试着自己制作一个飞机模型。 (2)make a mess 弄得一团糟 If you make a mess ,you will clean it up yourself. 如果你弄乱了，就得自己收拾。 11. She used to be full of energy, but now she’s always tired... used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，它只有过去式，没有人称和数的变化，表示过去存在而现在已经停止的情况或习惯。常与but now连用。 【拓展】①be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ②be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 1. Knives are used to cut things. 刀是用来切割东西的。 2. He used to listen to pop music but now he likes rock music. 他以前听流行音乐，但现在喜欢摇滚乐。 3. I’m used to going for a walk after supper. 我习惯晚饭后出去散步。 12. I told my parents about his behaviour, but they said it was none of my business. 辨析：none/ no one / nobody/ nothing none既可指人也可指物，none of作主语时，of后为不可数名词时，谓语动词要用 单数形式；是可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 no one/nobody常用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 nothing常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式。 1.None of the work is done by Bob. 没有一项工作是鲍勃做的。 2.No one likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不懂礼貌的人。 3.Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 注意： A. none与of 连用表示范围，而no one/nobody和nothing则不可以。 B. none用来回答How many/much .....?的特殊疑问句，而no one//nobody和nothing, 则分别用来回答who....?和What.....?的特殊疑问句 ---How many birds are there in the tree?     ---None ---Who is in the classroom?                        ---No one./Nobody. ---What is in the box?               ---Nothing. 13. Thanks for reading my email. thanks for意为“因……而感谢”，表示对别人做某事的谢意。for+n./doing sth. 辨析：thanks for与thanks to thanks for 因……而感谢 强调感谢的原因 thanks相当于thank you, for+n./doing thanks to 多亏，由于 强调感谢的对象 thanks不能变为thank you 1. Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries. 得益于英语，我们可以从其他国家学到很多东西。 2. Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party. 感谢您邀请我们参加您的生日派对。 14. Next time in the same situation, you should make up your own mind. make up one’s mind意为“下决心，打定主意” I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已经长大了，可以自己拿主意了。 15. If you stop paying attention to your friends, they’ll stop laughing at you. pay attention to意为“注意……”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 Please pay attention to your pronunciation. 请注意你的发音。 You should pay attention to practising spoken English. 你应该注意练习英语口语 三．课内语法填空 4.Will artificial intelligence be good or bad for us? In the 21st century, machines have learnt 1 to recognize our faces, read our handwriting and even translate text from one language to 2 . How did this happen? These technologies are all examples of artificial intelligence , or AI. There is 3 simple reason why AI 4 (develop) so quickly in recent years: the Internet. There is now more data than ever before online, and researchers can use it to “train”" their computers. The computers start with a few simple rules for analysing the data. As they find patterns, they 5 (write) the rules to improve their results. This process 6 ( call) machine learning, and this simple method has led to amazing results. China is now leading the way in facial recognition technology, and it's possible to pay bills by 7 (simple) scanning our faces. Another example of AI systems is self-driving cars. Such cars are being tested in some cities in China, and it's only a question of time 8 they become part of daily life. Some people are 9 (worry) about this new technology. For example, they are afraid that self-driving cars will cause accidents. 10 , since machines can do many other things better than human beings, some people believe that many jobs 11 (replace) by AI. What will happen if there are more and more accidents? What will happen to the people 12 lose their jobs? And what will happen when machines start making decisions for us? It is 13 (possible) to stop technological progress. Instead, governments around the world need to help people prepare for the future. We need to work together to make sure that the technology we use is safe. With proper safety rules in place, self-driving cars are actually 14 ( danger) than human drivers. Everyone will also need to develop new skills and find ways of living with AI. It is true that some jobs will disappear as the technology improves, but some of 15 are boring or dangerous. If we learn how to use AI correctly, our work and life will become more interesting and satisfying. 答案：1.how 2. another 3.a 4.has developed 5.rewrite 6.is called 7. simply 8.before 9.worried 10.Besides 11.will be replaced 12. who 13. impossible 14.less dangerous 15. them 四．语法点背默 句子成分和结构 一、句子成分 4种基本成分+2种修饰成分 （一）主语--谓语动作的执行者 （1）The braces hurt my teeth. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主语） （5）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （6）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词作主语） （7）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 –- 主语发出的动作 （当谓语是系动词时，谓语主要说明主语的状态或特征） 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （2） 由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） （三）宾语– 谓语动作的承受者 She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语（at home）。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring，pass，buy等。如： （1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语前加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing，pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语统称为复合宾语。如： They elected him their monitor. （名词作宾语补足语） They make her happy. （形容词作宾语补足语） Please let him in.（副词作宾语补足语） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式作宾语补足语） We heard her singing a song.（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语作宾语补足语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句作宾语补足语） （五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一般放在句末，但有时可以放在句首、句中。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，由副词、介词短语、不定式或状语从句等来表示。 He did it carefully. （副词作状语） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介词短语作状语） He is proud to pass the national college entrance examination.（不定式作状语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （五）定语 修饰名词，描述该名词的特征。一般放在名词前。 The cute boy is my brother. The cute boy in blue jeans is in my brother. The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. The washing machine doesn’t work. 二、常用基本句型 （一）五种基本句型 基本句型一：S+V（主+谓） eg: Class begins. 基本句型二：S+V+O (主+谓+宾) eg: He plays the piano. 基本句型三：S+V+P (主+系+表) eg: We are students. 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) eg: She gave me a pen. 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+谓+宾+宾补) eg: He made the boy laugh. 说明1：主语可以省略；Don’t open the window. 说明2：谓语必不可少；每个句子只能有一个谓语；谓语决定句型； 说明3：动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。 定语主语 + 状语谓语状语 + 定语宾语/表语状语 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 · 时态 · 情态 · 语态 · 否定 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 The cute boy really wants a new book now.状 定 状 定 拓展：英语短语分类 动词短语 put on the coat, read a story, run in the morning, sing a beautiful song …… 介词短语 on the bus, next to, under the box, during the holiday, as an adult …… (注意动词不定式 to do 并不是介词短语) 名词短语 the shops and the coustomers, wonderful paintings, some water …… 形容词/副词短语 clever and helpful, cheerful and exctied, slowly and heavily …… 五．写作背默 问题与建议 假如你是Mandy,你的好友Alice在微信朋友圈发文说最近很烦恼。请你给Alice写一封email,鼓励她振作起来。要点如下： 1.分析Alice不开心的原因(是否与同学相处不好、父母是否要求过高、期中考试的压力等); 2.给她一些建议使她减少压力(至少两点); 3.给她美好的祝福。 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) Dear Alice: I am writing to tell you some ways _____________________________________ 推荐表达： ◇ 释放压力release pressure ◇ 期望过高expect too much ◇ 承受太多压力under too much pressure ◇ 缺少自信lack of confidence ◇ 原因状语：because of+n./-ing 参考范文： Dear Alice. I am writing to tell you some ways on how to release pressure. I read your WeChat Moments.I know you are under too much pressure.Maybe you don't get on well with your classmates.Maybe your parents expect too much,which makes you feel stressed.Maybe you worry about the mid-term exam because of lack of confidence. Here are some suggestions for you to release pressure.I think you can communicate with your classmates or parents.They were once young like you,so they can understand you better.Besides,I suggest you should take part in more school activities,which are helpful to you both physically and mentally.Of course,it's a good idea to relax yourself on weekends by hanging out with friends,watching a movie or having a meal outside and so on. All in all,less pressure,better life! Best wishes to you! Yours, Mandy $$【同步100分背默】Unit4 Problems and advice 知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. /'mɒdl/ 模特儿 /'daɪət/ 规定饮食 go on a diet节食；减肥 /sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ 情况；状况 in a……situation在……情况下 /'breisiz/ (儿童)牙箍 /əd'vɑːntɪdʒ/ 优势 /反/ disadvantage /mes/ 杂乱；不整洁 messy adj.杂乱的；不整洁的in a mess 一团糟 make a mess 搞得一塌糊涂 /'kɒment/ 评论 /近/review /rɪ'kwest/ 要求；请求 /近/ require v.要求 /ɪg'zæm/ 考试 /近/ examination；test v. /rɪ'gret/ 懊悔 regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth.遗憾已经做过某事 /heɪt/ 厌恶；憎恶 hate to do sth./hate doing sth.讨厌做某事/近/ dislike /sə'dʒest/ 建议；倡议 suggestion n.建议 /近/advise /feɪl/ 不及格 failure n.失败 fail to do sth.做某事失败 adj. /ɒn'laɪn/ 在线的 /'ɔːfʊl/ 很坏的；极讨厌的 /近/ terrible /ə'ʃeɪmd/ 惭愧；羞愧 feel/be ashamed of对……感到惭愧 /ɪm'bærəst/ 窘迫的；尴尬的 embarrass v.使窘迫 /mæd/ 很生气；气愤 be mad at 对……非常恼怒，恼火 /ə'nɒɪɪŋ/ 使恼怒的；使生气的 annoy v.使脑怒；惹恼 /'keələs/ 粗心造成的 carelessly adv.粗心地；/反/careful adj.仔细的；小心的 /pə'laɪt/ 有礼貌的 politely adv.有礼貌地 politeness n.礼貌 ；/反/ impolite conj /ðəʊ/ 虽然；尽管 /近/ although prep /nʌn/ 没有一个；毫无 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 节食 2 嘲笑 3 对……感到惭愧 4 让某人受不了 5 搞得一塌糊涂 6 格格不入 7 与某人无关 8 收到某人的信件 9 主动提供帮助 10 寻求帮助 11 担心 12 生气 13 嘲笑某人 14 叫某人（不要）做某事 15 某人做某事是讨厌的 16 后悔（没有）做了某事 17 感到丢脸 18 做某事对某人而言有困难 19 某人做某事 20 与某人分享某物 21 有做某事的习惯 22 让房间保持干净 23 下定决心 三．易错点记忆 1. It was awful of them to laugh at her, and I regret not saying anything. regret作动词，“懊悔；感到遗憾”的意思。 regret还可作名词，“懊悔；遗憾；失望”的意思。 【同根词】 regretful: ad.后悔的，失望的，遗憾的； regretfully： adv.遗憾地，懊悔地： regrettable:ad.令人惋惜的，可惜的，令人遗憾的。 固定短语： regret to do sth. 很遗憾要去做某事（对将要做的事感到遗憾或抱歉，后面常接tell） regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（“做某事”在先，“后悔”在后） 1. If you don't do it now, .如果你现在不做，你会后悔的。 2. I really .我真的后悔说了那些话。 3. I him a hand. 我后悔没帮他一把。 4. I you are out.我很地告诉你，你出局了。 5. He English well before. 他后悔以前没有学好英语。 6. I you that you didn’t pass the examination. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。 2. What do you suggest? suggest作动词，“建议；提议”的意思。 固定短语： suggest doing sth.建议做某事；相近的表达还有 advise doing sth.。 固定句型：suggest that从句，从句中的谓语动词置于should后，should可省略，因此从句的谓语动词必须是跟动词原形。 近义词： advise, advise 还用于 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事。例如： 【同根词】 suggestion: n.建议，提议； a suggestion=a piece of advice. 1.Miss Green suggests (that) the boy more.格林小姐建议这个男孩要多锻炼。 2.Miss Green advises the boy more.格林小姐建议这个男孩要多锻炼。 3.careless:adj.粗心造成的；不小心的；粗心的 careless作形容词，意思有“粗心造成的；疏忽引起的”、“粗心的；不仔细的”。例1: 固定短语：be careless about/with sth.对……不仔细。 【同根词】 care:n.&v.关心：在意； : adj.细心的，谨慎的； : adj.仔细地，谨慎地； ：adv粗心地，不仔细地； ：n.粗心，疏忽。 the tap on. 你粗心没关水龙头。 4.  I love my sister, but sometimes she's so annoying! annoying   adj. 令人恼怒的；令人生气的 annoy   v. 使生气；使不耐烦       annoyed   adj. 感到生气的；感到恼怒的  His attitude is . 他的态度令人讨厌。 The thing about the plan is that it’s confusing.这项计划让人讨厌的地方是它让人一头雾水。 5. We saw a lady lying in the street. 辨析：see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 强调动作正在进行 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 强调看见动作的全过程，现在动作已结束 I saw him his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。 I saw him his bike. 我看见他修了他的自行车。 6. Though I wanted to help her, my friends told me not to. though    conj. 虽然；尽管，和although同义，一般可以换用，都引导让步状语从句，但不能与but连用。 Aunt Anna likes Tim he often annoys her. 安娜姨妈喜欢蒂姆，尽管他经常惹她生气。 7. I feel embarrassed when I smile or open my mouth. embarrassed作形容词,“尴尬的;窘迫的”的意思。例如: 固定短语： be embarrassed about/at sth.对……感到难堪，窘迫，尴尬； be embarrassed to do sth.做某事害羞 【同根词】 :v.使窘迫，尴尬，使为难； : adj.令人难堪的，尴尬的，使人害羞的； :n.害羞，窘，尴尬。 近义词：shy、ashamed。 I've never felt so in my life. 我一生中从没如此难堪过。 8. I’ve just started wearing braces,but I hate them. start doing sth.=start to do sth. 开始做某事；着手做某事 在hate,like,love,begin,start等动词后面接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义差别不大，常可以互换。 I hate singing. = I hate to sing. 9. I have to share a room with my seven-year-old sister,and she’s driving me mad. (1)seven-year-old是一个复合形容词，意为“七岁大的”，用作定语，修饰名词。复合形容词是指由两个或两个以上的单词构成的形容词。复合形容词一般作定语，往往由连字符连接，复合形容词中若包含有名词，则该名词一般有单数。 (2)drive sb. mad 让某人受不了 1.This is a river. 这是一条 30 米宽的河流。 2.I have a brother. 我有一个三岁的弟弟。 3.Whenever I chat with him, he always . 每当我和他聊天时，他总是让我抓狂。 10. I try to keep my room tidy,but she always makes a mess. (1) try to do sth. 尽力做某事，指想尽一切办法要把事情办成，但不一定会成功。   try doing sth. 尝试做某事，指为了达到某种目的而去试着做某事。 She the problem. 她尽力做出这道题。 She a model plane by himself. 他尝试着自己制作一个飞机模型。 (2)make a mess 弄得一团糟 If you ,you will clean it up yourself. 如果你弄乱了，就得自己收拾。 11. She used to be full of energy, but now she’s always tired... used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，它只有过去式，没有人称和数的变化，表示过去存在而现在已经停止的情况或习惯。常与but now连用。 【拓展】①be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ②be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 1. Knives things. 刀是用来切割东西的。 2. He to pop music but now he likes rock music. 他以前听流行音乐，但现在喜欢摇滚乐。 3. I for a walk after supper. 我习惯晚饭后出去散步。 12. I told my parents about his behaviour, but they said it was none of my business. 辨析：none/ no one / nobody/ nothing none既可指人也可指物，none of作主语时，of后为不可数名词时，谓语动词要用 单数形式；是可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 no one/nobody常用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 nothing常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式。 1.None of the work by Bob. 没有一项工作是鲍勃做的。 2. a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不懂礼貌的人。 3. difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 注意： A. none与of 连用表示范围，而no one/nobody和nothing则不可以。 B. none用来回答How many/much .....?的特殊疑问句，而no one//nobody和nothing, 则分别用来回答who....?和What.....?的特殊疑问句 ---How many birds are there in the tree?     -- ---Who is in the classroom?                        --- ---What is in the box?               --- 13. Thanks for reading my email. thanks for意为“因……而感谢”，表示对别人做某事的谢意。for+n./doing sth. 辨析：thanks for与thanks to thanks for 因……而感谢 强调感谢的原因 thanks相当于thank you, for+n./doing thanks to 多亏，由于 强调感谢的对象 thanks不能变为thank you 1. the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries. 得益于英语，我们可以从其他国家学到很多东西。 2. inviting us to your birthday party. 感谢您邀请我们参加您的生日派对。 14. Next time in the same situation, you should make up your own mind. make up one’s mind意为“下决心，打定主意” I am old enough to . 我已经长大了，可以自己拿主意了。 15. If you stop paying attention to your friends, they’ll stop laughing at you. pay attention to意为“注意……”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 Please your pronunciation. 请注意你的发音。 You should spoken English. 你应该注意练习英语口语 三．课内语法填空 4.Will artificial intelligence be good or bad for us? In the 21st century, machines have learnt 1 to recognize our faces, read our handwriting and even translate text from one language to 2 . How did this happen? These technologies are all examples of artificial intelligence , or AI. There is 3 simple reason why AI 4 (develop) so quickly in recent years: the Internet. There is now more data than ever before online, and researchers can use it to “train”" their computers. The computers start with a few simple rules for analysing the data. As they find patterns, they 5 (write) the rules to improve their results. This process 6 ( call) machine learning, and this simple method has led to amazing results. China is now leading the way in facial recognition technology, and it's possible to pay bills by 7 (simple) scanning our faces. Another example of AI systems is self-driving cars. Such cars are being tested in some cities in China, and it's only a question of time 8 they become part of daily life. Some people are 9 (worry) about this new technology. For example, they are afraid that self-driving cars will cause accidents. 10 , since machines can do many other things better than human beings, some people believe that many jobs 11 (replace) by AI. What will happen if there are more and more accidents? What will happen to the people 12 lose their jobs? And what will happen when machines start making decisions for us? It is 13 (possible) to stop technological progress. Instead, governments around the world need to help people prepare for the future. We need to work together to make sure that the technology we use is safe. With proper safety rules in place, self-driving cars are actually 14 ( danger) than human drivers. Everyone will also need to develop new skills and find ways of living with AI. It is true that some jobs will disappear as the technology improves, but some of 15 are boring or dangerous. If we learn how to use AI correctly, our work and life will become more interesting and satisfying. 四．语法点背默 句子成分和结构 一、句子成分 4种基本成分+2种修饰成分 （一）主语--谓语动作的执行者 （1）The braces hurt my teeth. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主语） （5）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （6）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词作主语） （7）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 –- 主语发出的动作 （当谓语是系动词时，谓语主要说明主语的状态或特征） 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （2） 由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） （三）宾语– 谓语动作的承受者 She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语（at home）。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring，pass，buy等。如： （1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语前加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing，pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语统称为复合宾语。如： They elected him their monitor. （名词作宾语补足语） They make her happy. （形容词作宾语补足语） Please let him in.（副词作宾语补足语） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式作宾语补足语） We heard her singing a song.（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语作宾语补足语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句作宾语补足语） （五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一般放在句末，但有时可以放在句首、句中。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，由副词、介词短语、不定式或状语从句等来表示。 He did it carefully. （副词作状语） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介词短语作状语） He is proud to pass the national college entrance examination.（不定式作状语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （五）定语 修饰名词，描述该名词的特征。一般放在名词前。 The cute boy is my brother. The cute boy in blue jeans is in my brother. The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. The washing machine doesn’t work. 二、常用基本句型 （一）五种基本句型 基本句型一：S+V（主+谓） eg: Class begins. 基本句型二：S+V+O (主+谓+宾) eg: He plays the piano. 基本句型三：S+V+P (主+系+表) eg: We are students. 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) eg: She gave me a pen. 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+谓+宾+宾补) eg: He made the boy laugh. 说明1：主语可以省略；Don’t open the window. 说明2：谓语必不可少；每个句子只能有一个谓语；谓语决定句型； 说明3：动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。 定语主语 + 状语谓语状语 + 定语宾语/表语状语 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 · 时态 · 情态 · 语态 · 否定 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 The cute boy really wants a new book now.状 定 状 定 拓展：英语短语分类 动词短语 put on the coat, read a story, run in the morning, sing a beautiful song …… 介词短语 on the bus, next to, under the box, during the holiday, as an adult …… (注意动词不定式 to do 并不是介词短语) 名词短语 the shops and the coustomers, wonderful paintings, some water …… 形容词/副词短语 clever and helpful, cheerful and exctied, slowly and heavily …… 五．写作背默 问题与建议 假如你是Mandy,你的好友Alice在微信朋友圈发文说最近很烦恼。请你给Alice写一封email,鼓励她振作起来。要点如下： 1.分析Alice不开心的原因(是否与同学相处不好、父母是否要求过高、期中考试的压力等); 2.给她一些建议使她减少压力(至少两点); 3.给她美好的祝福。 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) Dear Alice: I am writing to tell you some ways _____________________________________ 推荐表达： ◇ 释放压力release pressure ◇ 期望过高expect too much ◇ 承受太多压力under too much pressure ◇ 缺少自信lack of confidence ◇ 原因状语：because of+n./-ing $$