Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking(课件PPT)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版2019）

HISTORY AND TRADITIONS UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 默写练习(七) 课文研读·发展思维品质 目 录 Contents 要点自查(七) 语基输入·助力语言输出 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 那么，如果这些名称有 区别的话，区别何在？ 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面被 称为联合杰克的国旗。 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 课文研读·发展思维品质 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 非限制性定语 主语 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 定语 非限制性定语 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 地点状语 定语 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 原因状语 定语 后置定语 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 语基输入·助力语言输出 1 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 If so If not 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 If possible if any 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 2 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 puzzling puzzled to puzzlement 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 What puzzles me most about the play puzzled 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 3 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 break away from broke into broke out 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 break up broke down 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 4 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 belonging belongings 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 which/that belongs to traditional Chinese art belonging to traditional Chinese art 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 5 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 prepares knowing 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 against/from defence myself 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 in defence of himself/to defend himself 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 6 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 surrounded surroundings surrounding 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 a house surrounded by trees 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 It evidence Evidently 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 evidently it was quite evident that 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 7 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 achievements to achieve achieve her goal 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 8 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 to solve the way she speaks to the way in which she speaks to the way that she speaks to 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 9 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 running informed 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 caught my eyes keep your eyes open keep an eye on my house 返回目录 　 英语　必修　第二册 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 教材助读7 WHAT'S IN A NAME? The United Kingdom, Great Britain，Britain, England— many people are confused by<1> [1]what these different names mean.1.So what is the difference between them, if any？Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle<2>． [1]what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 In the 16th century，the nearby<3>country of Wales<4> was joined to<5>the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century, the country Scotland<6>was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added<7> to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from<8>the UK, [2]which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland <9>．Most people just use the shortened <10> name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， [3]which means the UK is also often referred to as<11> Britain or Great Britain. [2]which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰 the full name。 [3]which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。 The four countries [4]that belong to<12>the United Kingdom work together in some areas<13>.2.They use the same flag, [5]known as the Union Jack，as well as<14> share the same currency<15> and military<16> defence<17>．However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal<18>systems.They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! [4]关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the four countries，that在从句中作主语。 [5]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flag。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, [6]which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost [7]everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded<19>by evidence<20> of four different groups of people [8]who took over<21>at different times throughout<22> history. The first group, [9]the Romans<23>，came in the first century. Some of their great achievements<24> included<25> building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons<26> arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed [10]the way people built houses.The Vikings<27> came in the eighth century，left behind<28> lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations<29> across the UK. The last group were the Normans<30>．They conquered<31> England after the well-known Battle of Hastings<32>in the 11th century. 3.They [11]had castles built all around England and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into<33>the English language. [6]which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰history，which在从句中作主语。 [7]everywhere“处处，到处”，引导状语从句。 [8]who引导的定语从句，修饰four different groups of people，who在从句中作主语。 [9]the Romans 作 the first group 的同位语。 [10]the way people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 [11]had castles built all around England 是 have sth done 结构，表示“让某事被做”。 [12]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start, [13]as it is an ancient port<34>city that has a history dating<35> all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating<36> mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open<37>，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. [12]There is so much more to learn…是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 [13]此句中as引导原因状语从句；that引导的定语从句修饰an ancient port city；现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a history。 <1>be confused by对……感到迷惑 <2>puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 <3>nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 <4>Wales威尔士(英国) <5>join…to…把……和……连接 <6>Scotland苏格兰(英国) <7>add v．增加，增添 <8>break away(from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 <9>Northern Ireland北爱尔兰(英国) <10>shorten vt. 缩短 <11>refer to…as…把……称为…… <12>belong to属于 belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 <13>area n．[熟词生义]领域，方面 <14>as well as同(一样也)；和；还 <15>currency n．通货；货币 <16>military adj.军事的；军用的 <17>defence n．防御；保卫 <18>legal adj.法律的；合法的 <19>surround vt.围绕；包围 <20>evidence n．证据，证明 <21>take over 接管，掌管 <22>throughout prep.贯穿，遍及 <23>Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的n.古罗马人；罗马市民 <24>achievement n．成就；成绩；达到 <25>include doing sth包括做某事 <26>Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人 <27>Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗 <28>leave behind 留下 <29>location n．地方；地点；位置 <30>Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的 ※the Normans诺曼人 <31>conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 <32>Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役 ※battle n．战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗 <33>enter into成为……的一部分；影响, <34>port n．港口(城市) <35>date back to 上溯至(＝date from) <36>fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 <37>keep your eyes open(for) 留心；留意 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。1._______________________ ___________________________稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。 联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。2.__________________________________________________________________________然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的一些伟大成就包括他们建立了城镇和修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个 是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，3.________________________________，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What is the main idea of the text? A．The history of the United Kingdom. B．The geography of the United Kingdom. C．The politics of the United Kingdom. D．The climate of the United Kingdom. 答案　A Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1　A．The confusion made by the four names. Para.2　B．London can present you with its past and present. Para.3　C．The influence foreigners had on the United Kingdom. Para.4　D．How does the name “the United Kingdom” come into being? Para.5　E．The four countries work together in some areas but still have some differences. 答案　Paras.1～5　ADECB Read the text (P47), then choose the best answer. 1．How do many people feel when they see the four names? A．Satisfied.　　　 　 B．Confused. C．Disappointed. D．Curious. 答案　B 2．When was the name Great Britain given to the country? A．When Wales became part of England. B．When King James became the ruler of Scotland. C．When Scotland and Wales were united. D．When England and Wales were joined to Scotland. 答案　D 3．In which aspect do the four countries have differences? A．Currency. B．Military defence. C．Education system. D．National flag. 答案　C 4．Why does the English language have so many French words? A．Because of the influence of the Romans. B．Because of the influence of the Anglo-Saxons. C．Because of the influence of the Vikings. D．Because of the influence of the Normans. 答案　D 5．What's the author's attitude towards studying the history? A．Neutral. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 答案　C Ⅰ.解决长难句 1. 　　　　　 句子主干 　　　　　　　↑ People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. ↓ which引导________________从句，在从句中作______ [翻译]　来自联合王国人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 2. 　　　 句子主干　　　　　　 不定式作______ 　　　　　　　↑　　　　　　　 　　　　　↑ The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. ↓ which引导__________________从句，修饰history [翻译]　联合王国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，这可以帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。 3. everywhere引导____________从句　　 句子主干 　　　　　　　↑　　　　　　　　　　　　↑ Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. ↓ who引导______从句，修饰先行词people [翻译]　英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌了这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 4. 　句子主干　　　　　as引导____________从句 　　　↑　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↑ The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 　　　　↓　　　　　　 　　　　↓ that引导______从句　现在分词短语作____________ [翻译]　首都伦敦就是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 The United Kingdom or the UK 1. 　 (make) up of four countries.They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.It has 2.________________ interesting and long history.Everywhere you go in the country, you will be surrounded 3. evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The Romans, 4. achievements included building towns and roads, came first in the first century.Then in the fifth century arrived Anglo-Saxons who introduced the beginnings of English language and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century. They left behind lots of new vocabulary and also the names of many 5. ________________ (location) across the UK.The last group, the Normans，6. (conquer) England in the 11th century.They had castles 7. (build) all around there.The Normans were in fact French, so many French words 8. (slow) entered into the English language. The UK is a 9. (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture.If you keep eyes open, you will be surprised 10. (find) that you can see both its past and present. 1．答案　is made　 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。英国由四个国家组成，这是客观事实，故应用一般现在时；句子主语和谓语之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。be made up of由……组成。 2．答案　an　 解析　考查冠词。名词history前面一般不加冠词，但当有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词，表示“一段……的历史”。interesting的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。 5．答案　locations　 解析　考查名词的数。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填locations。 3．答案　by　 解析　考查介词。be surrounded by被……包围。 4．答案　whose　 解析　考查引导词。定语从句修饰先行词The Romans，空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰 achievements，故填关系代词 whose。 6．答案　conquered 解析　考查时态。空处在句中作谓语，由时间状语in the 11th century可知，应用一般过去时。 7．答案　built　 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，build和宾语castles之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。 10．答案　to find 解析　考查非谓语动词。be surprised to do sth惊讶地做某事，为固定搭配，故填to find。 8．答案　slowly　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰谓语entered，应用副词形式slowly。 9．答案　fascinating　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰名词mix，故应用-ing形式的形容词。fascinating迷人的，极有吸引力的。 (教材P40)So what is the difference between them, if any？那么，如果它们之间存在差异的话，究竟是哪些地方不一样呢？ 句型：if条件状语从句的省略形式 ①句中的if any 是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”，if用作连词。 ②if ever　如果曾经有的话 if so 如果这样的话 if not 如果不这样的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果有可能的话 (2024·新课标Ⅰ)Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.多带几层衣服以应对多变的天气，必要时带上雨衣。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/句式升级 (1)You must have had some moments when you were embarrassed._________(如果这样的话), how did you deal with them? (2)Is everybody feeling cold? __________(如果不冷), let's open the window. (3)_______________(如果有可能的话), we'll take part in some social activities so that we can know more about the society. (4)The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if there are any connection, between the two phenomena. →The object of these experiments was to find the connection, __________, between the two phenomena.(省略) (教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 了解一点儿英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。 puzzle　n．谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑 ①be in a puzzle (about…)(对……)感到困惑 be a puzzle to sb对某人来说是个谜 ②puzzle (oneself/sb) about/over苦苦思索 ③puzzled adj.感到困惑的 be puzzled with/about对……不解 ④puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzlement n.迷惑；困惑 ①(2023·1月浙江)Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. 看书、编织、做填字游戏，或者只是看着窗外所呈现的世界。 ②I am in a puzzle about the matter. ＝I am puzzled with the matter. 我对这事迷惑不解。 ③Study without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without study ends in puzzlement. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Facing the ____________ and embarrassing situation, the manager looked ___________.(puzzle) (2)Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle ______ me. (3)To our ______________(puzzle), the written record of our conversation doesn't correspond(相一致) to what was actually said. (4)关于这部戏剧，最令我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。 _____________________________________ is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles. (5)I was so confused(→__________) that I could hardly arrange my thoughts. (教材P40)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 break away (from sb/sth)　脱离；背叛；逃脱 break down出故障；消除；分解；(讨论、关系或系统)破裂；感情失控 break in 打断；插嘴；强行闯入(不及物动词短语) break into 突然开始；强行闯入(及物动词短语) break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 结束；(婚姻关系)破裂；(恋人)分手 ①He has broken away from the habit of being late. 他已经改掉了迟到的习惯。 ②(2022·天津)Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real. 写下你的目标，把每个巨大的长期目标分解成更小、更实际的目标，可以帮助它感觉更真实。 [融会练通]——用break相关短语填空 (1)(2023·3月天津)But why not try to _______________ those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change? (2)As the President's car arrived, the crowd ___________ loud applause. (3)A fire _____________ in this hotel last night and three people were killed. (4)In my view, marriage based on money is likely to ____________. (5)(2021·6月浙江改编)The truck my dad drove often ______________ on the way, which made my dad in trouble. (教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。 belong to　属于 ①belong　 　vi.属于；应在(某处)；适应 ②belongings n．(复数)所有物；财产，财物 [提示] belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式(…belonging to)。 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人(同伴)一定是同一个健身房的。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)A cultural relic is a treasure _____________(belong) to all people rather than any individual. (2)My best friend will help you move your ___________ (belong) to your new house. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1 500多年的历史。 ①Paper-cutting _________________________________ ______ has a history of over 1,500 years.(定语从句) ②Paper-cutting _________________________________ has a history of over 1,500 years.(非谓语动词作定语) (教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。 句型：❶过去分词作后置定语 ❷as well as同(一样也)；和；还 ①known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag； ②as well as用作连词时，连接两个并列句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词的人称和数与前面的主语保持一致)；as well as用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides, in addition to意思接近； ③as well意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。 ①Yang Liwei, known as the first Chinese astronaut to go to space, is regarded as a national hero.杨利伟，作为中国第一位进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。 ②I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.我听说你是一位才华横溢的年轻女子，我也发现你既迷人又聪明。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·天津改编)Critical reasoning(批判性推理), as well as problem-solving, ____________(prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2)As well as ___________(know) some Russian, she speaks Chinese well. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)(2023·1月浙江小作文)在整个活动中，我被我们世界上存在的各种令人难以置信的植物所打动，并了解了用于医疗目的的植物，以及为动物提供食物和住所的植物。 Throughout the event, I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes, ________________ ___________________________________________. defence　n．防御；保卫 ①in defence (of…) 保卫(……)；为……辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护 ②defend vt.防御；保卫；辩护 defend…from/against 防御；保卫……以免受…… [提示] defend后的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。 ①All the people were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes. 为了保卫自己的家园，所有人都在与洪水作斗争。 ②I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说两句话，她事先并不知道此事。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves ________________ some attacks. (5)They fought bravely in ___________(defend) of freedom and of the interests of the people. (6)When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend __________(I)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (7)他跳下自行车，为了自卫，把自行车扔向那只凶猛的狼。 He got off his bike and threw it at the fierce wolf __________________________________________. (教材P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 surround　vt.围绕；包围 ①surround…with　用……包围…… be surrounded with/by 被……包围/环绕 ②surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 ③surroundings n．环境；周边事物 Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·1月浙江)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. (2)Living in beautiful and comfortable _______________ (surround), we feel very happy. (3)They all went out to look for the lost child in the _______________(surround) villages. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)他们住在一所四周被树木所环绕的房子里，树木大部分是松树。(过去分词作定语) They lived in _______________________________ and most of the trees were pine trees. evidence　n．证据；证明；根据 ①There is some evidence that…　有证据证明…… ②evident　adj.明显的；清楚的 It's evident that…＝Evidently, … 很明显，…… ③evidently adv.显然；清楚地 (2023·6月天津)Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. 现在，有更多的证据表明，狗可以区分与不同意图相关的类似行为。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (5)______ is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake. (6)There's some ____________(evident) that outdoor activities are good for us. (7)_____________(evident), our life has become more convenient because of the Internet. [习作练笔]——同义替换/补全句子 (8)She never complains, but she's obviously(→_______) exhausted. (9)从Joe的表情来看，很明显这个消息让他完全惊呆了。 From the look on Joe's face, _______________________ the news came as a complete shock. (教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.罗马人的一些伟大成就包括他们建设了城镇和修建了道路。 achievement　n．成就；成绩；达到 ①a sense of achievement成就感 make an achievement取得成就 ②achieve vt.完成；达到　vi.成功 achieve one's goal达到目标 I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone said I should feel a sense of achievement. 我原本希望做的只做到了一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有成就感。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2021·6月天津改编)Children who are involved with the arts make greater ________________(achieve) in their education. (2)His laziness makes it impossible for him ___________ (achieve) his goal. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名医生。 She hoped to ___________________ to become a doctor. (教材P40)They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 句型：the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 ①the way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that 引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略，此时关系词在从句中作方式状语； ②the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语，引导词为that/which且不能省略； ③way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of doing sth形式。 ①(以文助写)Treat others in the way (in which/that) you want to be treated. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 ②I'd like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful. 我想用和平的方式解决这个问题。 ③Can anybody think of a way to raise money？ 谁能想出个集资的办法？ [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)We must find a way ___________(solve) the problem of environmental pollution before it's too late. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (2)我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。 ①I don't like _________________________ you. ②I don't like _______________________________ you. (in which引导的定语从句) ③I don't like ___________________________ you.(that引导的定语从句) (教材P41)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。 keep your eyes open (for)　留心，留意 ①keep your eyes open中的open是形容词，作宾语补足语。“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的常用结构： ②keep an eye on　　照看，留神；密切注意 fix one's eyes on 注视，盯着看 catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意 look sb in the eyes 直视某人 ①Please keep your eyes open for opportunities, for they wait for no one. 请留心观察机遇，因为它们不等任何人。 ②Next, keep the conversation going by asking questions to show interest.接下来，通过问问题来表达你的兴趣，让对话继续下去。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Uncle Wang often keeps his car ___________(run) very fast, which is very dangerous. (2)I hope you will keep me ____________(inform) of your progress with your work. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor _______ ___________(引起了我的注意)． (4)If you _____________________(留心), you can learn a great deal. (5)I wonder if you can ___________________________ (照看我的家) while I am away. $$