unit 2 Traveling around -2024-2025学年高一英语期中重点梳理+同步练习+单元语法（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 2 重点词汇 1.apply vi.申请，请求，适用；应用，勤奋工作。 词性拓展：application n.申请，应用；→applicant n.申请人； A large number of people have sent off applications for the job. Some of the applicants may be disappointed because only one third applying for it have the chance to be employed. apply (to...) for... （向……）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做…… apply...to sth./ doing sth. 适用于…… apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于…… be applied to... 应用于…… apply oneself/ sth. to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于做某事 【即时训练】 ①很多学生都申请了这份工作。 A number of students apply for the job. ②这项新科技已经应用于医学领域。 The new technology has been applied to medical field. 2.arrangement n.安排，布置，约定； 词性拓展：arrange v.安排，筹备，整理； make an arrangement for... 为……做准备 arrive at/come to/ conclude an arrangement 达成协议 arrange for sth. 安排某物 arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排（某人）做某事 【即时训练】 ①她对她不同寻常的生活安排很满意。 She is satisfied with her unusual living arrangement. ②他已经安排我参加这次会议。 He has arranged for me to attend the meeting. 3.narrow adj.狭窄的；v.缩小，变窄； 词性拓展：narrowness n.狭窄，狭隘；→narrowly adv.勉强地，狭隘地； 结构：a narrow escape 死里逃生 a narrow victory 险胜 narrow sth. down (to)... 把某物缩小到…… 【即时训练】 父母和孩子应该多交流以缩小彼此间的代沟(generation gap)，以便于更好地互相理解。 Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the generation gap so that they can understand each other better. 4.recognize v.辨认出，认出；意识到，认可，赞成； 词性拓展：recognizable adj.容易认出的；→recognition n.认识，认可； recognize sb./sth. by.... 通过……认出某人/某物 recognize+ that/what/how从句 意识到/承认…… recognize...as/ to be 承认……是…… It is recognized that... 人们意识到…… 【即时训练】 ①我通过特殊的嗓音认出了她。 I recognize her by her unique voice. ②我们都承认他是一名英明的领导者。 He was recognized as a wise leader by us all. 5.accommodation n.住宿，住所；→accommodate v.为……提供住宿，适应，（房间、建筑物等）容纳； 结构：accommodate/ adapt (oneself) to... 适应…… 【即时训练】 ①无论他去哪，他都能够快速地适应新环境。 Wherever he goes, he is able to accommodate to the new circumstance. ②作为一名高中生，我得快速适应高中学习的快节奏。 As a senior high student, I have to accommodate myself to the rapid pace of high school learning. 6.unique adj.独特的，罕见的，唯一的，独特的； 结构：be unique to... 为……所特有的； 【即时训练】 大熊猫是中国所特有的。 The giant panda is unique to China. 7.admire v.赞赏，钦佩，仰慕； 词性拓展：admiration n.钦佩，赞赏；→admirable adj.令人羡慕的，钦佩的；→admirer n.赞赏者，爱慕者； admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人； have admiration for sth. 对……赞赏，钦佩 in/with admiration赞赏地 【即时训练】 ①你面对挑战的勇气是很值得敬佩的。 Your courage to face the challenge is admirable. ②我想要表达对这个老科学家对科学做出的奉献。 I admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country. 8.contact n.&v. 接触，联系； in contact with... 与……联系 get into contact with... 与……取得联系 lose contact with.../ out of contact with... 与……失去联系 【即时训练】 昨天我与一位三十年前的学生取得了联系。 I got into contact with the student who was in my class thirty years ago. 9.credit n.贷款，赞扬，认可，学分； on credit 赊账 be a credit to sb./sth. to one's credit 值得赞扬的是 【即时训练】 ①你可以赊账买一台电脑。 You can buy a computer on credit. ②诺贝尔奖是科学家的荣誉。 The Noble Prize is a credit to scientists. 10.request n.&v.要求，请求； make a request for 提出请求 at one’s request= at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 by request 应邀 request sb. to do sth. 要求/请求某人做某事 request sth. from sb, 向某人要求某物 【即时训练】 ①我能要求你停下来吗？ May I request you to stop? ②我们应该考虑学生们的建议—图书馆应该多提供一些关于流行科学的书籍。 We should consider the students’ request that the library should offer more books on popular science. 11.sight n.风景，名胜；视力，景象，见解； view You can have a good view of the river from this tower. sight We are going to Paris to see the sights. 易混辨析 scenery The region is well-known for its scenery. scene Their parting was a sad scene. 12.unbelievable adj.难以置信的，惊人的；→believe v.相信，认定；→belief n.信念； 结构：believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话），believe in sb.相信某人，believe it or not 信不信由你 【即时训练】 我相信你，但是我不相信你刚才说的话。 I believe in you, but I don’t believe what you said just now. 13.comment n.评论，议论；v.发表意见，评论； make comments on/about... 对……发表评论 comment on... 评论…… comment that...评论…… 【即时训练】 ①他评论说这部电影值得一看？ He comments that the film is worth seeing. ②经理没有对我会上的建议作出评论。 The manager made no comment on my suggestion at the meeting. 重点词组 1.take control of 控制，支配，操纵 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 结构：in control of 控制，支配 get/lose control over... 对……控制/失去对……控制 gain control over oneself 克制住自己 beyond control 无法控制 out control 不受控制 under control 处于控制之下 【即时训练】 ①火势已经得到控制。 The fire is under control. ②她是一个优秀的教师，能够掌控课堂纪律。 She is a good teacher who can get control of her class. 2.be made up of 由……构成/组成 make的其他词组： make up 构成，化妆，编造 make up for 弥补，补偿 make use of 利用 make the most of 充分利用 make up one’s mind 下定决心 make sense 有意义，讲得通 make it 获得成功，渡过难关 【即时训练】 这支医疗队由三名医生和七名护士组成。 Three doctors and seven nurse make up the medical team. 3.can't wait to do 等不及做某事 结构： can't/couldn't help doing sth. 忍不住做…… can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做…… can't help but do sth. 不得不做某事 【即时训练】 我等不及把这个好消息告诉我身边的朋友。 I can’t wait to tell the good news to the friends around me. 4.more than 不只是，仅仅 more than+n. 不只是，仅仅 more than+num. 超过，对于 more than+adj./adv./分词/v. 非常 词组拓展： more...than... 与其说……倒不如…… not more than 不超过 not less than 不少于 no more than 只是，仅仅 no less than 多达 rather than 而不是 Other than... 除……之外 【即时训练】 ①我们不仅仅是同事，我们还是密友。 We are more than workmates; We are also close friends. ②能帮助你我非常高兴。 I can more than happy to help you. 重点结构 1.PERU is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. 结构： with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中做定语或状语，常见如下结构： ①with+名词/代词+现在分词 学生们看着黑板，听老师讲课。 The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes looking at the blackboard. ②with+名词/代词+过去分词 理了发之后，他看起来年轻多了。 With his hair cut, he looked much younger. ③with+名词/代词+不定式结构 因为有很多作业要做，他没有被允许外出。 With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed to go out. ④with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语 这个老人开着灯睡着了。 The old man fell asleep with the light on. 2.It is for the reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 结构： 强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. →强调主语： →强调宾语： →强调地点状语： →强调时间状语： 3.You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 结构： 现在分词做伴随状语 【即时训练】 ①他坐在桌子旁阅读《中国日报》。 He sat at the table reading China Daily. ②她捧着许多书走进了房子。 She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 4.Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 结构： “表语+连系动词+主语”形式的倒装结构 ①形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. ②副词/介词短语+连系动词+主语 Inside of the box is his favorite collection of stamps. ③过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. ④现在分词+连系动词+主语 Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower. 5.These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to... 结构：现在分词作定语 ■若分词作定语则前置，分词短语做定语时则后置。 ■两种形式：doing（表主动和进行），being done（表被动和进行）。 【即时训练】 ①不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。 Don’t wake up the sleeping children. ②这里正在建的那所房子是属于约翰的。 The house being built here belongs to John. 易混辨析： ■过去分词作定语 The problem discussed yesterday at the meeting was very important. ■现在分词作定语 They lived in a room facing the sea. The problem being discussed at the meeting was very important. ■不定式作定语 The man to help us is John. The problem to be discussed at the meeting was very important. 单元语法 将来时的表达方法 1.will/ shall 表达单纯的将来时 2.be going to do表示打算、计划或安排好要做的事；或根据某种迹象或征兆将要发生的事情； 3.be to do表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须要做的事或即将发生的动作。 4.be about to do表示即将要发生的动作，不能与具体时间状语连用，“be about to do...when...”句型 5.一般现在时表将来，表示按日程表或时刻表安排要发生的事；用于状语从句中，主将从现。 6.现在进行时表将来，位移性动词的现在进行时表计划或安排；非位移性动词表将来要有时间状语。 【即时训练】 ①你打算今天下午去看足球赛吗？ Are you going to watch football games this afternoon. ②婚礼定于下周日举行。 The wedding is to be held next Sunday. ③我正要锁门，这时电话响了。 I was about to lock the door when the telephone rang. ④公共汽车将于晚上9点离开。 The bus is leaving at nine o’clock tonight. ⑤飞机将在10分钟内到达。 The plane is arriving in ten minutes. 课后习题 一、词汇题 1.The team now has an (惊人的) record of 43 straight wins. 2.Defense was all-important, and (城堡) were designed with this end in view. 3.They reached the border where (官员) gave them a hard time. 4.In recent years, (小册子) has been used in all areas of society. 5.The last twenty minutes of that airplane (航班) was the only time in my life that I thought the plane would crash. 6.The (租金) for an apartment there is very high. 7.You should (申请) for the post because you stand a good chance. 8.The soldiers were (极其，非常) tired and the heavy rain added to their difficulty. 9.Mrs Smith was not satisfied with the time (安排) of the hotel. 10.He (打包行李) up what he might need during his journey and left home. 11.The newly­built school library will be a useful (来源) of information for us. 12.He is in a rather (独特的) position, as his job is different from anyone else's. 13.We can get to our holiday (目的地) by plane. 14.We will remain in regular (联系) with them. 15.Two of the patients were airlifted to Holmes Hospital and the others were (运送) by ambulance. 16.If you see (士兵) wearing sky­blue helmets, they are United Nations peacekeepers. 17.The (经济) heated up, and so did car sales. 18.At the meeting, you raised a reasonable (要求)． 19.My boss arranged for me to discuss business (细节) with someone from another company. 20.In this age of (信用) cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency (货币) with you when you arrive in a foreign country. 21.Pygmalion made a stone (雕像) of a beautiful woman. 22.Jerry did not regret giving the (评论) but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 23.Farmers still sometimes (挖掘) human bones here. 答案：amazing, castles, officials, brochure, flight, rent, apply, extremely, arrangement, packed, source, unique, destination, contact, transported, soldiers, economy, request, details, credit, statue, comment, unearth 二、短语填空 1.He also understood that he might even (错估) today’s value. 2. (人们意识到) the environmental pollution has become more and more serious. 3.When you get to New York, you can experience an atmosphere that (为……特有的) it. 4.The mountain village I visited last week (由……组成) 30 families belonging to five nationalities. 5.For generations, they have known no other mother tongue (除了) the standard Chinese. 6.While you can not turn back the clock, you can (控制) your life. 7.I have managed to (取得联系) an old friend. 8.Anyway, I (对……感到惊讶) the progress you've made. 9.Dr. Blown described the process (详细地). 10.He is going to come to China for a visit (应……邀请) Chinese Chairman next month. 11. (依我看), the movie is too violent. 12.He (结账) and went to the airport by taxi. 13.People (等不及) see what changes will take place in the earthquake­stricken area. 14.He (申请) a position in a native company. 15.She (收拾) her books and left the library. 16.Do you think English is the most widely used language (在……的历史上) our planet? 答案：1.be wrong about, 2.It is recognized, 3.is unique to, 4.is made up of, 5.other than, 6.take control of, 7.get into contact with, 8.am amazed at, 9.in detail, 10.at the request of, 11.In my view, 12.was on credit, 13.can’t wait to, 14.applied for, 15.packed up, 16.in the history of 三、语法填空 1.To my (amaze), he was able to recite the whole poem from memory. 2.Have you filled in the (apply) form for a new passport? 3.He wants to apply the company a job as an account. 4.Judy's family made for his arrival, and Judy to meet him at the airport.(arrange) 5.As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus my study. 6.You're a (power) man. People will listen to you. 7.Several months ago, when I went to my hometown, there were many construction sites everywhere, which is my recognition. 8.We have great (admire) for the people's heroes. 9.With prices (go) up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 10.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes (fix) on the ceiling. 11.I send you 100 dollars today with the rest (follow) in a year. 12.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 13.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make) air conditioning unnecessary. 14.The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. The meeting (hold) now is of great importance. The meeting (hold) yesterday is of great importance. 15.My parents requested that I (learn) a second foreign language. 16.I didn't mean (eat) anything but the ice-cream looked so good that I couldn't help (try) it. 17.Would you care to comment any troublesome students in your class? 18.I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognize). 19.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to make (accommodate) for the homeless families. 20.I devote myself to listening to (detail) facts. 21.All the people in the lecture hall stared at her amazement. 22. view of the weather, the basketball match will be put off. 答案：1.amazement, 2.application, 3.to, for, 4.arrangements, was arranged, 5.on, 6.powerful, 7.beyond, 8.admiration, 9.going, 10.fixed, 11.to follow, 12.that, 13.making, 14.to be held, being held, held, 15.(should) learn, 16.to eat, trying, 17.on, 18.recognition, 19.accommodations, 20.detailed, 21.in, 22.In 4、 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.他已经安排他儿子下个月上游泳课。 He has to take swimming lessons next month. 2.William Shakespeare被公认为世界上最伟大的作家之一。 William Shakespeare one of the greatest writers in the world. 3.我没有别的方法，只好等待。 I have nothing to do . I have nothing to do . 4.这部小说有12个章节(chapter)构成。 The novel . The novel . The novel . 5.A few high buildings stand inside our school.(改倒装句) . 6.我相信你，但是我不相信你刚才说的话。 I you, but I don't what you said just now. 7.与其说他笨不如说他懒。 . 8.我鼓励尽可能多的学生去参加硬笔书法比赛。 I encourage to enter for the handwriting competition. 答案：1.arranged for his son, 2.is recognized as, 3.but wait, other than waiting, 4.is made up of 12 chapters, is composed of 12 chapters, consists of 12 chapters, 5.Inside our school stand a few high buildings, 6.believe in, believe, 7.He is more lazy than stupid. 8.as many students as 五、单元语法 1.Look at the dark clouds! It (rain). 2.You (be) back by 9 o'clock. 3.She (leave) when some guests came. 4.New term (begin) on September 1st. 5.She'll write to you as soon as she (get) there. 6.Please fasten your belt. The plane (take) off. 7.We (spend) our holiday next winter in Australia, where the climate is pleasant. 8.Arriving in Beijing, I (visit) the Great Wall tomorrow morning. 9.Usually the new term (start) on August 29th. 10.Tom, Mr White (leave). Will you please show him out? 11.You (hand) in your compositions after class. 12.The car (stop) in a few minutes. 13.I (meet) Tom at the station at six. 14. When she (come), I'll tell her about it. 答案：is going to rain, are to be, be about to leave, begins, gets, is about to take, will spend, will visit, starts, is leaving, are to hand, is stopping, am meeting, comes 六、题型题 完形填空 (厦门松柏中学2023-2024年高一上12月诊断练习) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My real research started at the New York Botanical Garden. I met a person who is a paleobotanist(古植物学家),which means that he 1 prehistoric plants. My novel centers on Merwin and Louise, two little Sycamore 2 who began life during the Cretaceous Period. Sycamore trees are called fossil species, which means they have been 3 since the time of the dinosaurs. They are 4 to modern trees we see in forests today. The Sycamore tree also makes those kind of seed balls, a little bit like a nursery(托儿所), like all these 5 in there together. In most of my stories. I write about children who get 6 from their parents and find their way in the world. That's kind of what Sycamore seeds and other seeds do. They must 7 the plant that made them and go find a place to 8 . It was fun trying to 10 all the different places these two little seeds could go. I wanted them to go underwater. Drawing pictures underwater is so hard. 11 the whole scene with King Seaweed was really fun. What surprised me the most was the idea that 12 are really communities. Trees communicate with each other with a mycelial (菌丝)system under the ground that 13 everything. It felt like there were interesting parallels (相似之处) with us, because we also live in 14 , and we try to help each other. However, there are sometimes 15 from outside, and we have to find out ways to 15 . Plants are doing the same thing. 1.A cooks B. studies C. plants D. keeps 2.A. animals B. children C. birds D. seeds 3.A. alone B. away C. around D. abroad 4.A. familiar B. junior C.unnecessary D. typical 5.A.teachers B. kids C. parents D. cleaners 6.A. absent B. safe C. separate D. tired 7.A. break away from B. go away with C. look after D. get in 8.A. die B. learn C. sleep D. grow 9.A. search B. dig C. imagine D.remove 10.A. Writing B. Enjoying C. Dreaming D.Controlling 11.A.rivers B. forests C. oceans D.companies 12.A.expresses B. revises C. improves D.connects 13.A. communities B. buildings C. systems D. nurseries 14.A.qualities B. greetings C. difficulties D. comforts 15.A.lose B. quit C. challenge D. survive 答案：1-5 BDCAB 6-10 CADCA 11-15 BDACD 阅读理解（厦门松柏中学2023-2024年高一上12月诊断练习D篇） Tomatoes are common in daily life. Cathie Martin, British scientist, has been working on developing purple tomatoes for years. Though the color is unusual, now this special kind of tomatoes has very high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂). Antioxidants, also known as AOS, are found naturally in plants like blueberries and red cabbage.Scientists believe AOS may help prevent heart disease and help fight against diseases like diabetes. But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. A plant developed from specially created DNA is known as a GMO. Martin added two genes (基因) from a plant called snapdragon. Soon her plants were producing small purple tomatoes with lots of AOS.Even better, the tomatoes remained fresh almost twice as long as normal tomatoes. Martin and other scientists further tested the tomatoes on mice that were likely to get cancer. The mice that were fed the purple tomatoes lived about 30% longer than those fed normal tomatoes, Though that's good news,experiments on mice don't always predict what effects on humans will be like. We need to see more experiments about it. GMOs were first allowed in America in the late 1990s. But GMO products weren't popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren't natural or safe. There're still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment., However, scientists deny these claims. Even so, many people have concerns about them. Because of these concerns, most GMÃ products created over the last 20 years have focused on helping farmers rather than attracting customers. Anyway, on September 7, 2022, the US approved (批准) the purple tomatoes, which is the first time it has approved a GMO plant designed to target human health. 1.What makes purple tomatoes really special? A. Their medical value B. Their delicious flavor. C. Their proper size. D.Their pleasant color. 2. What's the author's attitude to the test on the mice? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Opposed. 3. What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The environment affects GMO foods. B.The customers do not like GMO foods. C. GMO products are used to help farmers. D.Scientists think GMO products are safe. 4. What's the suitable title for the text? A. Different DNA Can Benefit Plant Growth C.Scientists Are Changing DNA of Tomatoes B. Tomatoes with Changed DNA Are Approved. D. Human Health Depends on Changed DNA. 答案：ABDB 七选五阅读（福建厦门一中2023-2024高一上期中考） 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Signs That You Are Growing Growing is a lifelong process, Here are the signs that show that you are actually growing and notgetting stuck in the process. 1 Often, we see how badly people look when they get overly upset due to unimportant things. So the first sign of maturity is letting the small things go and not getting angry over a tiny detail that didn't go as you planned. You start forgiving and understanding other people When we are young, we are often unforgiving, As we mature, we are better able to understand the world beyond black and white. 2 It enables us to look beyond the obvious and let go of simple judgments, We begin to understand better that others have complex (复杂的) lives and personalities, and so we become more willing to forgive their mistakes. You always complete things that matter Immature people don't know when to commit (承诺) themselves and their energy or resources are always not well employed. 3 In this way, they can often keep their promises and honor their commitments. You accept the possibility of being wrong 4 They are always able to accept the possibility that they are wrong, that they don't know something, because there is always more to learn. Being mature is knowing that you are always growing up. You are never done learning and developing. This means that you don't set yourself up as the highest authority(权威). 5 A. You follow the crowd B. You let the small things go C. Instead, mature people focus on completing things that matter D. Immature and mature people can both have plans for their lives E. Rather, you open your mind to other ideas and new possibilities F. Becoming more understanding is a sign of strength, not weakness G. Mature people appear more confident, yet they are not overconfident 答案：BFCGE 单句语法（福建厦门一中2023-2024高一上期中考） 阅读短文A、B、C,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。 1. It is for this reason Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 2. You can then spend three days enjoying the plants and animals unique the rainforest. 3.Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca. 4. The woods are remains of a huge forest once covered the whole area. 5.So come and experience what Peru has (offer): everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline. 6. There are two main reasons I think it's the best solution. 7. Each statue has a different face, leading researchers (believe) that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 8.The player who became known “Air Jordan" changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. 9. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 10.In the skeleton, a person lies on his or her stomach on the sled, with his or her head (point) downhill! 11. His father works in a company name always appears in the local newspapers. 12. Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28, emperors once lived. 13. He drove his new car at an amazing speed, resulted in a terrible accident. 14. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. 15. (lose) games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 答案：1.that, 2.to, 3.connecting, 4.which/that, 5.to offer, 6.why, 7.to believe, 8.as, 9.who/that, 10.pointing, 11.whose, 12.where, 13.which, 14.when, 15.Losing 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 重点词汇 1.apply vi.申请，请求，适用；应用，勤奋工作。 词性拓展：application n.申请，应用；→applicant n.申请人； A large number of people have sent off applications for the job. Some of the applicants may be disappointed because only one third applying for it have the chance to be employed. apply (to...) for... （向……）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做…… apply...to sth./ doing sth. 适用于…… apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于…… be applied to... 应用于…… apply oneself/ sth. to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于做某事 【即时训练】 ①很多学生都申请了这份工作。 ②这项新科技已经应用于医学领域。 2.arrangement n.安排，布置，约定； 词性拓展：arrange v.安排，筹备，整理； make an arrangement for... 为……做准备 arrive at/come to/ conclude an arrangement 达成协议 arrange for sth. 安排某物 arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排（某人）做某事 【即时训练】 ①她对她不同寻常的生活安排很满意。 ②他已经安排我参加这次会议。 3.narrow adj.狭窄的；v.缩小，变窄； 词性拓展：narrowness n.狭窄，狭隘；→narrowly adv.勉强地，狭隘地； 结构：a narrow escape 死里逃生 a narrow victory 险胜 narrow sth. down (to)... 把某物缩小到…… 【即时训练】 父母和孩子应该多交流以缩小彼此间的代沟(generation gap)，以便于更好地互相理解。 4.recognize v.辨认出，认出；意识到，认可，赞成； 词性拓展：recognizable adj.容易认出的；→recognition n.认识，认可； recognize sb./sth. by.... 通过……认出某人/某物 recognize+ that/what/how从句 意识到/承认…… recognize...as/ to be 承认……是…… It is recognized that... 人们意识到…… 【即时训练】 ①我通过特殊的嗓音认出了她。 ②我们都承认他是一名英明的领导者。 5.accommodation n.住宿，住所；→accommodate v.为……提供住宿，适应，（房间、建筑物等）容纳； 结构：accommodate/ adapt (oneself) to... 适应…… 【即时训练】 ①无论他去哪，他都能够快速地适应新环境。 ②作为一名高中生，我得快速适应高中学习的快节奏。 6.unique adj.独特的，罕见的，唯一的，独特的； 结构：be unique to... 为……所特有的； 【即时训练】 大熊猫是中国所特有的。 7.admire v.赞赏，钦佩，仰慕； 词性拓展：admiration n.钦佩，赞赏；→admirable adj.令人羡慕的，钦佩的；→admirer n.赞赏者，爱慕者； admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人； have admiration for sth. 对……赞赏，钦佩 in/with admiration赞赏地 【即时训练】 ①你面对挑战的勇气是很值得敬佩的。 ②我想要表达对这个老科学家对科学做出的奉献。 8.contact n.&v. 接触，联系； in contact with... 与……联系 get into contact with... 与……取得联系 lose contact with.../ out of contact with... 与……失去联系 【即时训练】 昨天我与一位三十年前的学生取得了联系。 9.credit n.贷款，赞扬，认可，学分； on credit 赊账 be a credit to sb./sth. to one's credit 值得赞扬的是 【即时训练】 ①你可以赊账买一台电脑。 ②诺贝尔奖是科学家的荣誉。 10.request n.&v.要求，请求； make a request for 提出请求 at one’s request= at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 by request 应邀 request sb. to do sth. 要求/请求某人做某事 request sth. from sb, 向某人要求某物 【即时训练】 ①我能要求你停下来吗？ ②我们应该考虑学生们的建议—图书馆应该多提供一些关于流行科学的书籍。 11.sight n.风景，名胜；视力，景象，见解； view You can have a good view of the river from this tower. sight We are going to Paris to see the sights. 易混辨析 scenery The region is well-known for its scenery. scene Their parting was a sad scene. 12.unbelievable adj.难以置信的，惊人的；→believe v.相信，认定；→belief n.信念； 结构：believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话），believe in sb.相信某人，believe it or not 信不信由你 【即时训练】 我相信你，但是我不相信你刚才说的话。 13.comment n.评论，议论；v.发表意见，评论； make comments on/about... 对……发表评论 comment on... 评论…… comment that...评论…… 【即时训练】 ①他评论说这部电影值得一看？ ②经理没有对我会上的建议作出评论。 重点词组 1.take control of 控制，支配，操纵 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 结构：in control of 控制，支配 get/lose control over... 对……控制/失去对……控制 gain control over oneself 克制住自己 beyond control 无法控制 out control 不受控制 under control 处于控制之下 【即时训练】 ①火势已经得到控制。 ②她是一个优秀的教师，能够掌控课堂纪律。 2.be made up of 由……构成/组成 make的其他词组： make up 构成，化妆，编造 make up for 弥补，补偿 make use of 利用 make the most of 充分利用 make up one’s mind 下定决心 make sense 有意义，讲得通 make it 获得成功，渡过难关 【即时训练】 这支医疗队由三名医生和七名护士组成。 3.can't wait to do 等不及做某事 结构： can't/couldn't help doing sth. 忍不住做…… can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做…… can't help but do sth. 不得不做某事 【即时训练】 我等不及把这个好消息告诉我身边的朋友。 4.more than 不只是，仅仅 more than+n. 不只是，仅仅 more than+num. 超过，对于 more than+adj./adv./分词/v. 非常 词组拓展： more...than... 与其说……倒不如…… not more than 不超过 not less than 不少于 no more than 只是，仅仅 no less than 多达 rather than 而不是 Other than... 除……之外 【即时训练】 ①我们不仅仅是同事，我们还是密友。 ②能帮助你我非常高兴。 重点结构 1.PERU is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. 结构： with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中做定语或状语，常见如下结构： ①with+名词/代词+现在分词 学生们看着黑板，听老师讲课。 ②with+名词/代词+过去分词 理了发之后，他看起来年轻多了。 ③with+名词/代词+不定式结构 因为有很多作业要做，他没有被允许外出。 ④with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语 这个老人开着灯睡着了。 2.It is for the reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 结构： 强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. →强调主语： →强调宾语： →强调地点状语： →强调时间状语： 3.You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 结构： 现在分词做伴随状语 【即时训练】 ①他坐在桌子旁阅读《中国日报》。 ②她捧着许多书走进了房子。 4.Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 结构： “表语+连系动词+主语”形式的倒装结构 ①形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. ②副词/介词短语+连系动词+主语 Inside of the box is his favorite collection of stamps. ③过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. ④现在分词+连系动词+主语 Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower. 5.These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to... 结构：现在分词作定语 ■若分词作定语则前置，分词短语做定语时则后置。 ■两种形式：doing（表主动和进行），being done（表被动和进行）。 【即时训练】 ①不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。 ②这里正在建的那所房子是属于约翰的。 易混辨析： ■过去分词作定语 The problem discussed yesterday at the meeting was very important. ■现在分词作定语 They lived in a room facing the sea. The problem being discussed at the meeting was very important. ■不定式作定语 The man to help us is John. The problem to be discussed at the meeting was very important. 单元语法 将来时的表达方法 1.will/ shall 表达单纯的将来时 2.be going to do表示打算、计划或安排好要做的事；或根据某种迹象或征兆将要发生的事情； 3.be to do表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须要做的事或即将发生的动作。 4.be about to do表示即将要发生的动作，不能与具体时间状语连用，“be about to do...when...”句型 5.一般现在时表将来，表示按日程表或时刻表安排要发生的事；用于状语从句中，主将从现。 6.现在进行时表将来，位移性动词的现在进行时表计划或安排；非位移性动词表将来要有时间状语。 【即时训练】 ①你打算今天下午去看足球赛吗？ ②婚礼定于下周日举行。 ③我正要锁门，这时电话响了。 ④公共汽车将于晚上9点离开。 ⑤飞机将在10分钟内到达。 课后习题 一、词汇题 1.The team now has an (惊人的) record of 43 straight wins. 2.Defense was all-important, and (城堡) were designed with this end in view. 3.They reached the border where (官员) gave them a hard time. 4.In recent years, (小册子) has been used in all areas of society. 5.The last twenty minutes of that airplane (航班) was the only time in my life that I thought the plane would crash. 6.The (租金) for an apartment there is very high. 7.You should (申请) for the post because you stand a good chance. 8.The soldiers were (极其，非常) tired and the heavy rain added to their difficulty. 9.Mrs Smith was not satisfied with the time (安排) of the hotel. 10.He (打包行李) up what he might need during his journey and left home. 11.The newly­built school library will be a useful (来源) of information for us. 12.He is in a rather (独特的) position, as his job is different from anyone else's. 13.We can get to our holiday (目的地) by plane. 14.We will remain in regular (联系) with them. 15.Two of the patients were airlifted to Holmes Hospital and the others were (运送) by ambulance. 16.If you see (士兵) wearing sky­blue helmets, they are United Nations peacekeepers. 17.The (经济) heated up, and so did car sales. 18.At the meeting, you raised a reasonable (要求)． 19.My boss arranged for me to discuss business (细节) with someone from another company. 20.In this age of (信用) cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency (货币) with you when you arrive in a foreign country. 21.Pygmalion made a stone (雕像) of a beautiful woman. 22.Jerry did not regret giving the (评论) but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 23.Farmers still sometimes (挖掘) human bones here. 二、短语填空 1.He also understood that he might even (错估) today’s value. 2. (人们意识到) the environmental pollution has become more and more serious. 3.When you get to New York, you can experience an atmosphere that (为……特有的) it. 4.The mountain village I visited last week (由……组成) 30 families belonging to five nationalities. 5.For generations, they have known no other mother tongue (除了) the standard Chinese. 6.While you can not turn back the clock, you can (控制) your life. 7.I have managed to (取得联系) an old friend. 8.Anyway, I (对……感到惊讶) the progress you've made. 9.Dr. Blown described the process (详细地). 10.He is going to come to China for a visit (应……邀请) Chinese Chairman next month. 11. (依我看), the movie is too violent. 12.He (结账) and went to the airport by taxi. 13.People (等不及) see what changes will take place in the earthquake­stricken area. 14.He (申请) a position in a native company. 15.She (收拾) her books and left the library. 16.Do you think English is the most widely used language (在……的历史上) our planet? 三、语法填空 1.To my (amaze), he was able to recite the whole poem from memory. 2.Have you filled in the (apply) form for a new passport? 3.He wants to apply the company a job as an account. 4.Judy's family made for his arrival, and Judy to meet him at the airport.(arrange) 5.As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus my study. 6.You're a (power) man. People will listen to you. 7.Several months ago, when I went to my hometown, there were many construction sites everywhere, which is my recognition. 8.We have great (admire) for the people's heroes. 9.With prices (go) up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 10.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes (fix) on the ceiling. 11.I send you 100 dollars today with the rest (follow) in a year. 12.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 13.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make) air conditioning unnecessary. 14.The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. The meeting (hold) now is of great importance. The meeting (hold) yesterday is of great importance. 15.My parents requested that I (learn) a second foreign language. 16.I didn't mean (eat) anything but the ice-cream looked so good that I couldn't help (try) it. 17.Would you care to comment any troublesome students in your class? 18.I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognize). 19.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to make (accommodate) for the homeless families. 20.I devote myself to listening to (detail) facts. 21.All the people in the lecture hall stared at her amazement. 22. view of the weather, the basketball match will be put off. 4、 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.他已经安排他儿子下个月上游泳课。 He has to take swimming lessons next month. 2.William Shakespeare被公认为世界上最伟大的作家之一。 William Shakespeare one of the greatest writers in the world. 3.我没有别的方法，只好等待。 I have nothing to do . I have nothing to do . 4.这部小说有12个章节(chapter)构成。 The novel . The novel . The novel . 5.A few high buildings stand inside our school.(改倒装句) . 6.我相信你，但是我不相信你刚才说的话。 I you, but I don't what you said just now. 7.与其说他笨不如说他懒。 . 8.我鼓励尽可能多的学生去参加硬笔书法比赛。 I encourage to enter for the handwriting competition. 五、单元语法 1.Look at the dark clouds! It (rain). 2.You (be) back by 9 o'clock. 3.She (leave) when some guests came. 4.New term (begin) on September 1st. 5.She'll write to you as soon as she (get) there. 6.Please fasten your belt. The plane (take) off. 7.We (spend) our holiday next winter in Australia, where the climate is pleasant. 8.Arriving in Beijing, I (visit) the Great Wall tomorrow morning. 9.Usually the new term (start) on August 29th. 10.Tom, Mr White (leave). Will you please show him out? 11.You (hand) in your compositions after class. 12.The car (stop) in a few minutes. 13.I (meet) Tom at the station at six. 14. When she (come), I'll tell her about it. 六、题型题 完形填空 (厦门松柏中学2023-2024年高一上12月诊断练习) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My real research started at the New York Botanical Garden. I met a person who is a paleobotanist(古植物学家),which means that he 1 prehistoric plants. My novel centers on Merwin and Louise, two little Sycamore 2 who began life during the Cretaceous Period. Sycamore trees are called fossil species, which means they have been 3 since the time of the dinosaurs. They are 4 to modern trees we see in forests today. The Sycamore tree also makes those kind of seed balls, a little bit like a nursery(托儿所), like all these 5 in there together. In most of my stories. I write about children who get 6 from their parents and find their way in the world. That's kind of what Sycamore seeds and other seeds do. They must 7 the plant that made them and go find a place to 8 . It was fun trying to 10 all the different places these two little seeds could go. I wanted them to go underwater. Drawing pictures underwater is so hard. 11 the whole scene with King Seaweed was really fun. What surprised me the most was the idea that 12 are really communities. Trees communicate with each other with a mycelial (菌丝)system under the ground that 13 everything. It felt like there were interesting parallels (相似之处) with us, because we also live in 14 , and we try to help each other. However, there are sometimes 15 from outside, and we have to find out ways to 15 . Plants are doing the same thing. 1.A cooks B. studies C. plants D. keeps 2.A. animals B. children C. birds D. seeds 3.A. alone B. away C. around D. abroad 4.A. familiar B. junior C.unnecessary D. typical 5.A.teachers B. kids C. parents D. cleaners 6.A. absent B. safe C. separate D. tired 7.A. break away from B. go away with C. look after D. get in 8.A. die B. learn C. sleep D. grow 9.A. search B. dig C. imagine D.remove 10.A. Writing B. Enjoying C. Dreaming D.Controlling 11.A.rivers B. forests C. oceans D.companies 12.A.expresses B. revises C. improves D.connects 13.A. communities B. buildings C. systems D. nurseries 14.A.qualities B. greetings C. difficulties D. comforts 15.A.lose B. quit C. challenge D. survive 阅读理解（厦门松柏中学2023-2024年高一上12月诊断练习D篇） Tomatoes are common in daily life. Cathie Martin, British scientist, has been working on developing purple tomatoes for years. Though the color is unusual, now this special kind of tomatoes has very high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂). Antioxidants, also known as AOS, are found naturally in plants like blueberries and red cabbage.Scientists believe AOS may help prevent heart disease and help fight against diseases like diabetes. But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. A plant developed from specially created DNA is known as a GMO. Martin added two genes (基因) from a plant called snapdragon. Soon her plants were producing small purple tomatoes with lots of AOS.Even better, the tomatoes remained fresh almost twice as long as normal tomatoes. Martin and other scientists further tested the tomatoes on mice that were likely to get cancer. The mice that were fed the purple tomatoes lived about 30% longer than those fed normal tomatoes, Though that's good news,experiments on mice don't always predict what effects on humans will be like. We need to see more experiments about it. GMOs were first allowed in America in the late 1990s. But GMO products weren't popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren't natural or safe. There're still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment., However, scientists deny these claims. Even so, many people have concerns about them. Because of these concerns, most GMÃ products created over the last 20 years have focused on helping farmers rather than attracting customers. Anyway, on September 7, 2022, the US approved (批准) the purple tomatoes, which is the first time it has approved a GMO plant designed to target human health. 1.What makes purple tomatoes really special? A. Their medical value B. Their delicious flavor. C. Their proper size. D.Their pleasant color. 2. What's the author's attitude to the test on the mice? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Opposed. 3. What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The environment affects GMO foods. B.The customers do not like GMO foods. C. GMO products are used to help farmers. D.Scientists think GMO products are safe. 4. What's the suitable title for the text? A. Different DNA Can Benefit Plant Growth C.Scientists Are Changing DNA of Tomatoes B. Tomatoes with Changed DNA Are Approved. D. Human Health Depends on Changed DNA. 七选五阅读（福建厦门一中2023-2024高一上期中考） 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Signs That You Are Growing Growing is a lifelong process, Here are the signs that show that you are actually growing and notgetting stuck in the process. 1 Often, we see how badly people look when they get overly upset due to unimportant things. So the first sign of maturity is letting the small things go and not getting angry over a tiny detail that didn't go as you planned. You start forgiving and understanding other people When we are young, we are often unforgiving, As we mature, we are better able to understand the world beyond black and white. 2 It enables us to look beyond the obvious and let go of simple judgments, We begin to understand better that others have complex (复杂的) lives and personalities, and so we become more willing to forgive their mistakes. You always complete things that matter Immature people don't know when to commit (承诺) themselves and their energy or resources are always not well employed. 3 In this way, they can often keep their promises and honor their commitments. You accept the possibility of being wrong 4 They are always able to accept the possibility that they are wrong, that they don't know something, because there is always more to learn. Being mature is knowing that you are always growing up. You are never done learning and developing. This means that you don't set yourself up as the highest authority(权威). 5 A. You follow the crowd B. You let the small things go C. Instead, mature people focus on completing things that matter D. Immature and mature people can both have plans for their lives E. Rather, you open your mind to other ideas and new possibilities F. Becoming more understanding is a sign of strength, not weakness G. Mature people appear more confident, yet they are not overconfident 单句语法（福建厦门一中2023-2024高一上期中考） 阅读短文A、B、C,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。 1. It is for this reason Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 2. You can then spend three days enjoying the plants and animals unique the rainforest. 3.Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca. 4. The woods are remains of a huge forest once covered the whole area. 5.So come and experience what Peru has (offer): everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline. 6. There are two main reasons I think it's the best solution. 7. Each statue has a different face, leading researchers (believe) that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 8.The player who became known “Air Jordan" changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. 9. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 10.In the skeleton, a person lies on his or her stomach on the sled, with his or her head (point) downhill! 11. His father works in a company name always appears in the local newspapers. 12. Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28, emperors once lived. 13. He drove his new car at an amazing speed, resulted in a terrible accident. 14. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. 15. (lose) games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$