Unit4语法-祈使句&should&had better讲义+练习2024-2025学年牛津译林英语八年级上册

祈使句&should&had better 一、祈使句 （1）概念：表达命令、请求、建议、劝告、禁止等的句子。 （2）结构特点：通常省略主语；谓语动词用原型；句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 类型 1. 肯定祈使句 ①Do型：动词原形+宾语+其他 例如：Put away your things！ 收起你的东西！ ★注意：有时为了加强语气，可以在动词原型前加do 例如：Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 ②Be型：Be+形容词/名词 例：Be quiet！ 安静些！  Be a good student！ 做个好学生！ ③Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 例如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2. 否定祈使句 ①Do型：Don’t+动词原形+其他 例如：Don’t believe him!    别相信他！ ②Be型：Don’t be+其他（形容词/名词/介词短语） 例：Don’t be careless.（别粗心！） ③Let型：Let+宾语+not+动词原型+其他 =Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他 例如：Let him not go.=Don't let him go. 别让他走。 ④No型：No+名词/动名词 表示“禁止做某事” 例：No photos！ 禁止拍照！ No parking！ 禁止停车！ ★注意：为了显得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加上please。当please用于句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。 例：Please pass me the ball. 请把球传给我。 Open the window, please. 请把窗户打开。 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句尾。 例如：Li Ming，come here. 李明，过来。 Come here，Li Ming. 过来，李明。 3. 祈使句的反义疑问句 ①若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you?的相应形式--即肯定祈使句用will you?和won’t you?均可，否定祈使句只能用will you? 例：Give me a hand, will you?/won’t you? 帮我一把，好吗？ Don’t be late for class again, will you? 上课别再迟到了，好吗？ ②Let’s...用shall we?，let us...用will you? 例：Let’s play basketball, shall we? 我们来打篮球，好吗？ Let us try again, will you? 让我们再试一次，好吗？ 提示：let’s表建议，包括所有对象；let us表请求，不包括请求对象。 【拓展】 1. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。 例：--Please remember to bring my notebook to school. --OK. I will. ★注意：在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点： 1) 形式一致：即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。 2) 意思相反：即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。  在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如： －Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。   －Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟 2. 祈使句+and+陈述句（通常用一般将来时）--表结果“那么” 祈使句+or+陈述句（通常用一般将来时）--表结果“否则” 例：Hurry up, and you will catch the train. 快点，你就能赶上火车了。 Take the chance, or you will regret. 抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。 二、should和had better表建议 1. should的用法： should 作情态动词，有实际的词义，但它不可单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，没有人称和数的变化。它的用法如下： ①表示委婉地提出意见或建议，一般意为＂应该；应当＂。 例如：You should eat lots of healthy food. 你应该多吃些健康的食品。 ②表示义务、责任，也意为＂应该；应当＂。 例如：You should study hard. 你应当努力学习。 ③表示命令和要求，语气比较强烈。 例如：We should respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母。 ④表示预测和可能性。 例如：The train should arrive soon. 火车应该很快就到了。 ⑤表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多见于以why，who，how，what等开头的特殊疑问句中。 例如：How should I know? 我怎么会知道？ ◆ 否定形式：在其后加not，可缩写为shouldn’t 例如：We shouldn't leave all the lights on in the house all night. 我们不应该让房子里所有的灯整晚都亮着。 ◆ 一般疑问句：should 提到主语之前 例如：Should I open the window? 我应该打开窗户吗？ 2. had better的用法 其意为“最好、应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，语气比should强一些。其中的had通常缩略为'd。 例如：You'd better get some sleep．你最好去睡一会儿。 ◆ 否定形式：将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后) 例如：You’d better not go out alone at night. 晚上你最好不要一个人出门。 ◆ 一般疑问句：通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前 例如：—Had I better finish the work today? -我今天最好把活干完？ —Yes, you’d better. / No, you’d better not. -是的，你最好完成。/ 不，你最好不要。 巩固提高练习 一、祈使句 1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting. A. not be so noisy   B. be quite   C. mustn’t talk   D. no speaking 2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. A. Not to forget    B. Not forget   C. Forget not    D. Don’t forget 3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____? A. won’t we       B. will you    C. don’t we     D. shall we 4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____? A. do you         B. will you     C. can you     D. could you 5. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____.  A. don’t          B. won’t        C. can’t       D. haven’t 6. If you are tired, ______ a rest. A. have       B. having    C. to have        D. had 7. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let      B. Let do    C. Doing let       D. To do let 8. He is not honest. ______ believe him. A. Not        B. Don’t     C. To not         D. Not to 9. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting     B. Get       C. To get         D. Got 10. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play    B. Not to play  C. Don’t play     D. Don’t to play 11. Please ______ me some money. A. lend        B. lending    C. borrow         D. borrowing 12. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be         B. are        C. is              D. being 13. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room. A. Turning     B. To turn     C. Turned         D. Turn 14. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in.  A. close       B. closes      C. not close        D. is closing 15. ____ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Let’s not to go  B. Let’s not go   C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go 16. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking   B. Not smoking   C. No parking   D. No smoking 17. ____ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak    B. Don’t speak   C. Speak not   D. Don’t speaking 18 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep        B. Keeping     C. To keep      D. Kept 19. If you want to stay, let me know, ______? A. will you      B. shall we     C. do you       D. do we 20. Never come late again, ______? A. will you      B. won’t you    C. do you      D. does he 21. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down        B. to turn it down   C. turn down it        D. to turn down it 22. _______ late again, Bill!  A. Don't to be   B. Don't be   C. Not be   D. Be not 23. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.  A. Not    B. Won't    C. Doesn't     D.  Don't 24. Please help me carry it, ______?  A. will I   B. will you   C. shall I   D. shall we 25. Don't make so much noise, ______?  A. will you   B. won't you   C. shall we   D.  do you 26. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?  A. stand   B. to stand   C. standing   D. stood 27. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.  A. bring   B. brings   C. to bring   D. bringing 28. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.  A. Telling   B. To tell   C. Told   D. Tell 29. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.  A. name   B. named   C. naming   D. to name 30. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?  A. swim   B. swimming   C. swam   D. swims  31. It’s an important meeting. _______ (not, be )late. 32. ________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 33. ________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ________ (be) polite. 34. ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud. 35. ________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 36. ________ (look) out! A car is coming. 37. _______ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 38. _______ (not, let) the baby cry. 39. Wear more clothes or you _______ (catch) a cold. 40. Let’s _______ (not, say) anything about it. 二、should&had better 1. If you have a backache, you lift heavy things. You lie down for a good rest. A. had better; shouldn't B. shouldn't; had better not C. shouldn't; had better D. had better not; mustn't 2. —I have a stomachache. What should I do? — You drink sweet water and eat sweet food. A. had better not; shouldn't B. should; had better C. had better; had better D. shouldn't; should 3. We keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A. may B. should C. can D. need 4. — What can I do to find my lost watch? — You’d better a notice. A. put away B. put in C. put up D. put off 5. You’d stop the work. You look too tired. A. better; do B. better ; doing C. better not; doing D. better; to do 6. You'd better early, or you will miss the first class. A. not get up B. get up C. to get up D. getting up 7. Tom, the umbrella with you. Look at the clouds. It's going to rain! A. taking B. takes C. take D. took 8. Mike, you should your house. It is so . A. to tidy up; untidy B. tidy up; untidy C. tidy; untidy D. tidy up; tidy 9. — Excuse me, but can I take the seat? — , young man. It's for the elderly only. A. You’d better not B. You’d better don’t C. Why not D. Never mind 10. --- late for school again, Tim --- Sorry,I . A. Don't; won't B. Don't be; won't C. Don't be; don't D. Don't; will 11. You should smoking. It's really bad for your health. A. look up B. give up C. get up D. set up 12. play with fire. with fire is dangerous.(梅州) A. Don't; Playing B. Not; Playing C. Don't; Play D. Not to; To play 13. You’d better too much meat. You are much too fat. A. not eat B. eat other C. not to eat D. don't eat 14. Don't sugar to Mrs. Green's tea because she dislikes anything sweet. A. dig B. pull C. add D. mix 15. You'd better under the tree when it is raining in summer. It's dangerous. A. not stand B. stand C. not to stand D. to stand 16. — up, Peter! Or you' ll be late for school. —OK, Mum. I will. A. Wake B. Wakes C. Waking D. To wake 17. your homework after school. A. Doing B. To do C. Do D. Does 18. —I have a stomachache. What should I do? — You drink cold water and eat too much. A. had better; had better B. should; had better C. had better not; shouldn't D. shouldn't; should 19. It's so hot here. the window? A. You should open B. You had better open C. Why not open D. Do you open 20. You tell him the result right away. A. should not B. should not to C. should to not D. not should 参考答案 1、 祈使句 1-5：BDDBB 6-10：AABBC 11-15：AADAB 16-20：DBAAA 21-25：ABDBA 26-30：CADBB 31. Don't be 32. Don't make 33. Don't speak/be 34. Don't talk/read 35. Don't leave 36. Look 37. Give 38. Don't let 39. will catch 40. not say 二、should&had better 1-5：CABCB 6-10：BCBAB 11-15：BAACA 16-20：ACCCA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$